حمید صادقی

The Rahmat cultivar (Soy 91-19a line) was developed to introduce an early-maturing soybean cultivar for Golestan province. This cultivar originated from the segregating generations of a crossbreeding program between the Charleston (maternal) and Mustang (paternal) cultivars, initiated in 2001. In preliminary yield trials, the Soy 91-19a line was identified as a top performer, producing 3496 kgha-1. In adaptability trials (2013-2014), using GGE biplot analysis and simultaneous selection for yield and stability, the Soy-91-19a line, with an average grain yield of 2739 kgha-1 and a growth period of 117 days, emerged as the best genotype in terms of yield, stability, and earliness, showing a yield increase of 389 kgha-1 compared to the Williams control cultivar. Under farmer conditions in Golestan, this line produced 3198 kgha-1, demonstrating a 21% yield increase over the Williams cultivar. This line is resistant to Phytophthora sudden death (Phytophthora soja) and semi-sensitive to charcoal rot. Additionally, the Soy 91-19a is indeterminate, multi-branched, early-maturing, drought-tolerant, and resistant to lodging and grain shattering. The oleic acid content of this line is 5% higher than that of common cultivars. Due to its high yield and desirable agronomic traits, this line has been introduced as the Rahmat cultivar for summer cultivation in Golestan province.

The historiography of the Qajar period, under the influence of the discourse of modernity and its requirements, went through a historical experience. The result of this development was the creation of boundaries between the two historical perspectives of tradition and modern as two distinct paradigms. Based on this discursive development, a double reading of the Safavid issue also took place. In the first narrative of lived experiences, ideological requirements and historical perspectives aligned with the traditional historiographical paradigm, the memory of the Safavids was narrated with a kind of pride, and of course as a source of legitimacy with a proud and epic tone. On the opposite point and from the perspective of critical and modernist historians aligned with the modern discourse, all those previous characteristics and criteria were reversed from a new perspective, the position of the Safavids was reduced to a burdensome, decadent and anti-modern position. Based on these two approaches, the problem of this research is how did the rise and fall of the Safavids occur in these two historiographical perspectives? This question will be answered in an analytical way and based on the content criticism of the narratives of historians of the Qajar period. The hypothesis of this article is that in proportion to the transition from tradition discourse to modernity and the beginning of the gradual dominance of modern discourse in this period, the position of the Safavids also fell from a legitimizing, lofty and proud position to a low position and became an important pillar in the degeneration of the historians of this period. The course was converted.

The aim of the current research is to identify the dimensions (layers) of a framework for applying business intelligence to improve the relationship between academia and industry. According to its purpose, the research method is applicable; and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative, descriptive and thematic analysis. Fuzzy Delphi method was used to collect information. The statistical population of this research included 12 professors and specialists in the field of communication with industry, selected by the available method, and interviews were conducted with them. According to the analysis that was carried out using thematic analysis method to identify the layers of applying business intelligence to improve the relationship between university and industry, 7 dimensions and 57 indicators were identified and confirmed. Data analysis was done using MAXQDA 2018 software. The results showed that the dimensions of using business intelligence to improve the relationship between university and industry include the first layer/preparation of the environment, the second layer/data collection, the third layer/ETL (extraction, transfer, loading of data), the fourth layer/warehousing Data, and the fifth layer/user interface (UI), metadata management and change management.Extended AbstractIntroductionFor business intelligence to be useful in a company, it should be promoted from top management and the necessary resources should be provided and decisions should be made based on information. Business intelligence monitoring addresses various issues including investment, project prioritization, project management, and data quality. If monitored, business intelligence can be a powerful driver of business strategy. In fact, business intelligence can have a direct impact on the financial aspects of the organization. The best actions taken in business intelligence can be presented based on laws and regulations as well as suggestions to control the value of business intelligence actions, and this factor leads to more income than capitalization. The Business Intelligence Competence Center is a group of information technology business and analysts who work together to provide business intelligence solutions and organizational needs in the organization (Hoseinloo et al, 2021).The success of countries in the future will depend on the extent and manner of their growth and influence in their scientific, research and strategic products. With continuous progress in science, technology and culture, countries have been able to continuously improve the level of standards, to the extent that they have brought vast global markets under control of themselves and their new knowledge and technologies in the national and transnational arenas. Applying knowledge and excelling in technology is one of the main indicators of the development of societies (Hamed et al, 2022).Therefore, the researcher asked the main question: what are the dimensions (layers) of the framework for applying business intelligence to improve the relationship between academia and industry?Theoretical frameworkMany organizations today have adopted business intelligence as a catalyst to meet specific business needs and improve effectiveness. Business intelligence is about how to capture, access, understand, analyze and change one of the most valuable assets of a company to actionable information to improve business performance (Hoseinloo et al, 2021). Business intelligence systems have a great impact on the quality of strategic decisions in order to reduce decision time.BIS promotes the management quality in organization through new type of technology and techniques of extraction, change, process, and offer data in order to provide strategic information. Therefore, it must be ensured that the organization follows a good BI architecture plan in its implementation process so that BI success is achieved. Business intelligence architecture is a framework consisting of various BI components (for example, data, people, processes, technology and management) and how these components should come together to ensure the smooth operation of a BI system (Ankrah & Tabbaa, 2015).Zhang et al, (2022) in a research entitled "The effects of the depth and breadth of university-industry alliance portfolio on the growth of new technology-based firms": states evidences from China that in emerging economies, new technology-based firms (NTBF) are often at the same time, make multiple alliances with universities and research institutes to access knowledge and external resources critical to their survival and growth, thus forming University-Industry Alliance Portfolios (UIAP). However, little attention has been paid to this phenomenon. The results show the negative effects of UIAP depth on company growth and the positive effects of UIAP breadth on company growth. Furthermore, the results show that government subsidies weaken the negative relationship between UIAP depth and NTBF growth, along with the positive relationship between UIAP breadth and NTBF growth. By contributing to previous research on alliance portfolios, university–industry collaborations, and firm growth; this study provides some practical implications for both industry practitioners and policymakers in emerging economies.Zeraatkar & Moghaddasi (2022) investigated the mediation model of business intelligence in the relationship between process innovation and organizational performance. According to the studies carried out, it shows the fact that hotel management must have strong points such as having specialized and specialized human resources, having specialized medical facilities, having natural resources and attractions, tourism infrastructure, transportation, etc. and the results indicate that process innovation has an impact on business intelligence, and also business intelligence through process innovation has an impact on organizational performance.Research MethodologyThis research is applicable in terms of purpose, quantitative in terms of data collection, and thematic analysis research in terms of research implementation method. To collect information, the fuzzy Delphi method was used in three rounds to find the use of business intelligence to improve the relationship between the university and the industry. The statistical population of this research consists of 12 professors and specialists in the field of communication with industry and, selected using the available method; and primary dimensions, components and indicators were compiled by using the field method and semi-structured interview tool. After analyzing the interviews, a total of 5 dimensions and 57 indicators were identified in line with the research objectives.Research FindingsData analysis was done using MAXQDA 2018 software. Based on the obtained results and according to the qualitative analysis, a total of 7 dimensions and 57 indicators have been identified and confirmed. The results showed that the dimensions of using business intelligence to improve the relationship between university and industry include the first layer/preparation of the environment, the second layer/data collection, the third layer/ETL (extraction, transfer, loading of data), the fourth layer/warehousing, and the fifth layer/user interface (UI), metadata management and change management.ConclusionThe current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying the dimensions (layers) of a framework for applying business intelligence to improve the relationship between university and industry. The results of this research are in agreement with the results of Zhang et al, (2020), Zhang et al, (2022), Basile et al, (2021), Paradza & Daramola (2021), Caloghirou et al, (2021) and Hoseinloo et al, (2021). Zhang et al, (2020) states that BI readiness makes it possible for the organization to recognize its current situation and prepare to make changes. In this layer, along with reviewing and analyzing the current situation, designing and planning is done for the process of technology transfer from university to industry, which is a basis for establishing intelligent business communication between university and industry. Also, the factors affecting the said transfer process are examined. At this stage, proper management of processes, budget allocation, hardware and software resources, skill requirements, and training of employees are provided in order to prepare the conditions for the implementation of BI architecture.Based on the obtained results, it is suggested for business intelligence to improve communication between university and industry by providing groups with extensive databases to transfer information faster and more accurately.Based on the obtained results, it is suggested for business intelligence to improve the communication between the university and the information by information verification and refining the complete compatibility of software and hardware by applying a strong filter so that more accurate information is available.

 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) that influence millions of humans yearly are still among the most common infections in the community and hospitals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of UTIs and their antibiotic resistance susceptibility in patients in Qazvin province, northwest Iran, from 2017 to 2019.

 This study was conducted on 3521 urine samples of patients referred to a non-hospital medical laboratory (Mehr) between April 2017 and January 2019. Samples were collected and processed immediately for laboratory analysis. Biochemical tests were conducted the bacteria identification, and the antibiotic susceptibility test of the bacterial isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion.

347 of the 3521 urine samples had significant bacteriuria, with a prevalence of 9.9 %. Escherichia coli occurred more frequently (54.4 %), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the lowest frequency of occurrence (1.4 %) in the samples. Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin were the most effective antibiotics against gram-negative and positive, respectively. This study revealed that bacterial resistance in UTIs continues to be a great problem and needs drug resistance surveillance periodically.

The advent of technology and mass media, including virtual social networks, has led to changes in traditional education and educational interactions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks in educational interactions and students' academic performance with the mediating role of the quality of learning experiences of students at the Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive correlational study, 327 students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2020 were surveyed by stratified relative sampling. In order to collect data, questionnaires were used on the use of social networks in educational interactions in Klimshastani (2016) and the quality of learning experiences of Newman (1990), and the criterion for measuring academic performance was students' Grade point average. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and pearson correlation tests, multiple regression analysis and Sobel test.

The mean score of students in using social networks was in educational interactions (3.45± 0.88), learning experiences (3.65± 0.71) and academic performance (17.05± 1.42). Findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship (Z= 2.41, p <0.05) between the use of virtual social networks in educational interactions with students' academic performance with the mediating role of the quality of learning experiences. The use of these networks in educational interactions has a significant positive relationship with their academic performance (r= 0.72, p<0.05). There is a significant positive relationship (r = 0.61, p <0.05) between the use of virtual social networks in educational interactions with the quality of their learning experiences and the quality of learning experiences has a significant positive relationship with students' academic performance (r= 0.587, p <0.05).

Due to the significant relationship between research variables, it is suggested that in addition to face-to-face training, virtual education should be used to improve education.

The purpose of the present study is to analyze the entire content of the second chapter (Text, images and questions) in terms of whether the content is active or inactive by the method of William Rumi. Also, to achieve accurate and reliable results, the entire content of the second chapter was reviewed. The research tool is the analysis sheet based on the method of William Rumi, whose validity was reviewed and confirmed based on valid internal articles after preparing a sample. The second chapter of the tenth grade chemistry book (traces of gases in life)1400 edition, consists of 48 pages, which has 551 units of text, 96 units of non-writing and 67 units of questions. The results showed that the coefficient of involvement outside the range is 0.4 to 1.5 of William Rumi. What is important for the authors of chemistry textbooks today is to change the approach to science education worldwide and to keep the content of chemistry textbooks up-to-date in a way that equips students with knowledge and skills, and attitudes, engaged, to further harmonize them with the changes and developments of current life; Therefore, if the content activates the student's thinking power, they will have a great impact on learning.

The spread of the corona in the world has affected many things and disrupted the way of life. In our country, due to the lack of necessary preparation to face this disease, education was disrupted for a while and suffered the most damage. With the onset of the Corona crisis, various countries quickly shut down face-to-face training and moved on to virtual education in order to comply with health protocols to combat the disease as much as possible. Schools, universities, and academic institutions around the world used a variety of methods to advance their education. Some distance learning software and platforms are on the agenda of these institutions and teachers and professors with different teaching methods, provide the necessary training to their learners. In the field of e-learning, different countries face different problems in which many factors are involved that hinder the advancement of education. In this article, we have tried to point out the various methods that have been used and tested in various scientific institutes, as well as to discuss the problems and difficulties facing this type of teaching.

 Despite the great importance of bone health in military training course, there is a dearth of research in this regard.

 The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on increasing bone osteoblastic activity in conscript soldiers during the military training course in one of the army training barracks of the IRI Army in 1400.

 This quasi-experimental before-and-after study was conducted on 60 soldiers who were randomly divided into two groups of 30, including the intervention and control groups. At the beginning of the training course, the soldiers of the intervention group were given a single dose oral supplement of 50,000 units of vitamin D. Soldiers were followed up for 40 days. Serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, bone alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin were measured before and after the training course.

 Before the training course, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of calcium (P=0.839), phosphorus (P=0.681), vitamin D (P=0.256), bone ALP (P=0.481), and osteocalcin (P=0.455). However, after the end of the course, the amount of vitamin D (P=0.034) and osteocalcin (P=0.003) was significantly higher in the intervention group, compared to the control group. In addition, the level of vitamin D (P=0.003) increased significantly in the intervention group at the end of the study.

 At the end of this course, the level of osteocalcin in both groups increased, compared to the time before the treatment. This indicates that the physical activities in this training course do not have a destructive effect on the bones. This increase was higher in the group that received vitamin D supplements, showing the importance of proper nutrition and the use of supplements.

Islamist historiography in the Pahlavi period, despite its weak body and not very wide scope, focused on re-reading the history of Islam from the perspective of identity. On this basis, a range of Islamist historians, such as Morteza Motahhari and Ali Shariati, by taking a sympathetic and convergent approach to the history of Islam, especially the history of Islam in Iran, seeks to highlight the role of Islam and Islamic thought in the cultural situation. - The identity of contemporary Iran emerged. The Safavid studies of these two Shiite historians and thinkers, under the influence of their intellectual and ideological attachments, as well as their concern for strengthening their nationalist and Islamist ideas and ideals, led to a distinct Safavidism in the discourse of historiography. It became the Pahlavi period. The question of this research is in fact what relation did Motahhari and Shariati Safavid studies have with their Islamist ideas?The hypothesis of this research, which has been done analytically, is based on the claim that despite the important differences in Shariati and Morteza Motahhari Safavid studies, what connects their view of Safavid history is the insight. Islamism and their identity concerns are nationalist and reformist; In a way, these characteristics have distinguished and highlighted the Safavid studies of the two in the historical discourse of the Pahlavi period.

The issue of immigration during the Timurid period was significantly linked to the two components of uneven urban development and tribal authoritarianism. As a result of these two approaches, two important consequences also occurred in the link between the city and immigration. First, the increasing prosperity of some urban centers in eastern Iran and the strengthening of their cultural-economic foundations by taking advantage of mandatory immigration policies that deprive other urban centers of retaining capacities and attractions. Led to the influence of tribal authoritarianism on immigration trends, which manifested themselves in phenomena such as growing tax pressures, a looting economy, forced and intermittent population movements to control unrest, and a kind of indifference to other urban centers. Showed the dispersion of power according to tribal criteria and so on. In this study, assuming that policies based on uneven urban development and tribal authoritarianism have a profound effect on the increase of migration processes, an attempt is made to investigate the role of these policies in upsetting the balance of cities, urban disorders. And show the social anxiety arising from the type of exercise of Illyrian power, their explanation, and their direct impact on immigration processes. The results of this study show that the phenomenon of migration in this period was mainly forced-command and from above, all of which were directly influenced by the nature of government and especially the two main trends in Timurid politics, namely uneven development and tribal authoritarianism.

The purpose of this study is to review the research conducted in the field of modern teaching methods and its use in teaching chemistry, especially electrochemistry. Due to the prevalence of coronavirus in the world and and its impact on various sectors, especially in the field of education, today virtual classrooms in schools and universities have made it difficult to teach conceptual courses such as electrochemistry; Hence, teachers have turned to new teaching methods, one of the newest of which is Educational Content Knowledge (TPACK). In this review article, we tried to use the types of authoritative researches and articles that have been published in the field of modern teaching methods, electrochemical education and its relationship with TPACK; Most of these articles state that traditional lecturing and traditional teaching methods have led to a misunderstanding of electrochemistry; But today, misuse and ignorance of technology has led to misunderstandings in courses such as electrochemistry. As a result of this study, it was found that high school students have different misconceptions about electrochemistry. After identifying misconceptions, a teacher can correct misconceptions with new teaching methods such as TPACK. Successful implementation of such strategies, however, requires teachers to be aware of students' prior knowledge and possible misconceptions, and to guide classroom activities accordingly.

The view of Abu Rayhan Biruni toward the history of Ancient Iran is of cultural-critical feature due to his reviewing the pure political and authoritative approaches. Such an insight is the consequence of some important element including the development of Iranism discourse in this era and the methodological distinctions in the historical view of Abu Rayhan Biruni. The present research is to analyze and explain these multidimensional features in the account by Abu Rayhan Biruni pertaining to the history of Ancient Iran. The results of research illustrate that the cultural approach of Abu Rayhan toward the ancient history of Iran includes both the mythological and historical aspects away from any bias and it merely Challenges the political and authoritative approaches in the Iranian-Islamic system of historiography. Finally, it is an opening toward reviewing this span of time in Iran and this issue is regarded as one of the elements consciously or unconsciously effective on the Iranian identity.

Workaholism can be enjoyable, but at the same time, frustrating and problematic with positive and negative repercussions. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between workaholism and depression and anxiety levels in specialist physicians of hospitals affiliated to Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences during 2017-2018.

This correlation study, The statistical population of this study included all specialist physicians in hospitals affiliated to Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences that selected by census method. The research instruments used were Beck Depression Inventory, and Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory, The Spence and Robbins Questionnaires also were used for workaholism. For analyzing data, SPSS-20 software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Correlation Coefficient, Regression) were applied.

The results indicated that there was a significant and relatively strong relation between workaholism and its components with anxiety and depression (p<0/05). Workaholism can also predict depression and anxiety (p<0/05).

The current study shows that work can be a reason of diseases if employees get addicted to it. Thus organizations should pay more attention to this fact that working hard in work place, is not always beneficial for individuals and organization both. So managers have to consider ways to prevent these dangerous consequences which can be harmful for their employee’s health.

This investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed pretreatment using silicic acid and sodium nitroprusside on the germination parameters of tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum cv. Isabella) under salinity stress based on a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. The first factor, salinity levels, included 0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM sodium chloride (0.067, 2.45, 5.44, 9.52 and 14.10 dS m–1, respectively); the second one was the chemical pretreatment of the seed with/without 2.5 mM silicic acid solution (SiA), and the third one was the chemical pretreatment of the seeds with/without 100 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Results showed that, due germination percentage, germination rate, seed vigor index and stress tolerance index were all decreased, but application of SiA and SNP improved some factors in Isabella tomato seed germination. Under saline conditions, the use of SiA and SNP had a significant effect on reducing the effects of salinity in the above-mentioned indices. In general, the negative effects of salinity on the seed germination characteristics could be reduced by pretreating tomato seeds with 100 μM SNP or 2.5 mM SiA solution, alone or in combination, under salinity levels up to 100 mM NaCl (i.e., 9.52 dS m–1).

In order to preliminary evaluation based on important agronomic traits, 54 soybean pure lines and cultivars were assessed according to augmented design with three control cultivars including Williams, Kosar and Sahar at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute at Karaj in 1395. During the growth period, important agricultural characters such as plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of branches per plant and dates of emergence, flowering, podding, maturity and harvesting were recorded. The grain yield, 100 seed weight and seed oil percentage were determined after harvest. Based on the results of coefficient of variation (%) of imported genotypes in Karaj region, the highest amount of phenotypic variation was related to the number of empty pods (99.08), number of pods in ranches (83.12), number of seeds per plant (72.73) and number of pods per plant (66.68) and the lowest phenotypic variation coefficient related to oil percentage (11.77), number of days to maturity (14.94) and number of days until grain filling (18.9). The studied genotypes were classified into four groups based on cluster analysis for all agronomic traits. In addition, the investigation of pure lines and cultivars of imported soybean in terms of response to Phytophthora disease showed that among the 54 genotypes, 22 genotypes had a semi-resistant and resistant reaction. The results of clustering on the basis of resistance to Phytophthora rot divided cultivars in two main groups and four subgroups. In total, it should be suggested that cultivars of Winchester, Beeson 80, Amcor 89, Beeson, L75-3735, L77-1794, Oak land showed high single-plant seed yield and resistance to Phytophthora which could be used in future breeding programs.

Data comparison is a fundamental problem in machine learning research. Since, metric learning has various applications in clustering and classification problems, it is attracted much attention in the last decades. In this paper, an appropriate metric learning method is presented to utilize in machine vision problems. Common features in machine vision are often histogram; however, metric learning methods are usually designed based on Mahalanobis distance which is not applicable in histogram features. In this study, a new metric learning method based on modified chi-squared distance (χ2) for histogram data is presented. In histogram data classification, χ2 distance is more accurate than Euclidean one; however, its computational cost is higher than Euclidean distance. In this paper, a χ2 distance approximated formulation where a part of its computations is moved into the feature extraction step in offline phase is proposed. Consequently, computational cost of feature comparison is reduced. Experiments on different datasets show that the proposed metric learning method is more accurate than the existing ones in histogram data classification. Moreover, the approximated χ2 distance increases feature comparison speed about 2.5 times without loss of accuracy.

Given the importance of information systems in organizations, high maintenance costs of these systems and the importance of payroll system in any organization, this study aimed to survey on the technical challenges of Naja Payroll system maintenance and offering solutions to meet the challenges. In this study, according to the different stages of feasibility, needs assessment, designing, implementation and maintenance of test systems for police payroll system, challenges and solutions to meet the above challenges have been recognized. This research was applied and the research method was descriptive-survey and the sampling universe consists of 40 people of Naja manpower deputy experts and Naja ICT deputy. The sampling method was census and the data-gathering tools were questionnaire, interview and studying articles and books. For measuring questionnaire validity the researchers have used content validity which confirmed according to experts and talents opinions and the reliability of the questionnaire was 0/94 which calculated through Cronbachs Alpha formula. In terms of solutions to address challenges, respectively, related to the calculation of process engineering solutions open to rewrite the payroll system software, creating a unified data repository based on a comprehensive system of human resources with respect to the distribution of data in the current system, the full implementation phase of engineering requirements Preparation process independent of the organizational structure-hold regular meetings to inform of any changes and providing for the software test conditions such as permanent data, the number of users and  etc  were introduced as the most effective solutions.

Inroduction & Brassica rapa (turnip) has been cultivated and consumed worldwide for many centuries. The present article aimed to investigate the effects of turnip leaf consumption on estrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH hormones and ovarian follicles in adult female rats.
Material and A total number of 45 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups including control groups, sham group and groups receiving doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg turnip leaf hydro-alcoholic extract orally. Blood samples were taken at the end of the 14th day and serum concentration of LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone were measured. Also the number of follicles and corpora-lutea were obtained by separating ovaries.
The results illustrated that serum LH significantly decreased in groups receiving Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of turnip leaf compared to the control group.The results also indicated that estrogens serum level significantly decreased in 100 and 200 mg/kg group. Progesterone was also decreased in group receiving 50 mg/kg turnip leaf hydro-alcoholic extract. But the serum level ESH did not show any significant difference in experimental groups compared to the control group.Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of turnip leaf also caused a significant increase in primary follicles.
The results of the present study demonstrate that turnip leaf hydro-alcoholic extract decreases LH, progesterone, estrogens and primary follicles without any significant effect on FSH.

The vision and method adopted by Al-Biruni and Miskawayhin their historiography bear certain similarities and distinctions which form the hypothesis of the present paper. These points of alignment or misalignment could be considered both inthe method of reaching the truth in the historical studies of these two historians and their historical vision. Unrelated research grounds and adopting rationalistic reasoning in interpreting historical events and the like are someplans for comparison. It seems that the discourse, the research fields, and the lived experiences of these figures have profoundly influenced their historical attitudes. Historiographical approaches of Abu Ali Miskawayh, which inclined towards perceiving power relations, were more political and functional. However, culture and its sub-branches were dominant in Al-Birunishistorical studies. The present research, through adopting a comparative-descriptive-analytic approach, attempts to clarify these visions in historical studies.

Ibn Khaldun's critique of the method, approach, and perspective about the historiography of Muslim historians transformed the criteria in this area of religious ​​education forever. What can be seen from the perspective of the present era is a new epistemological approach to the science of history. Mentioning a historical example, this research has tried to study and evaluate Ibn Khaldun's critique of these historians’ approach. The case study concerns the fall of Barmakids at the time of Haroon. The research question is about the reflection of their fall on historiography in the first four centuries. At first, Ibn Khaldun's critique is mentioned using the method and approach of the early historians, and then, by mentioning the historical case, the validity of this hypothesis is tested. There is no doubt that Ibn Khaldun was a great figure, who for the first time throughout history he initiated rational analysis and its criteria. However, it should be taken into account that some of his thoughts have been criticized. (History in the mirror of research, vol. 3, fall 1382, A Review of Ibn Khaldun's Works and Thoughts) therefore, his works should not be considered perfect and overstated. Moreover, the methods and criteria for historical analysis which are proposed by Ibn Khaldun in the "introduction", are not used or could not be used in his history book "Al-Ebar". This paper reflects the views of its authors.

this study aimed to investigate the role of mediator in the relationship between organizational intelligence and organizational learning, organizational agility is conducted at Tehran University. This cross-sectional study population included all faculty members of Tehran University's academic year 1393-1394 out of which 309 persons stratified cluster random sampling method and were selected community. Albrecht organizational intelligence questionnaire to collect data (2002), organizational learning questionnaire Nyfh (2001) and organizational agility was built with reliability and appropriate. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling using statistical software spss and lisrel was used. The results indicate that organizational intelligence directly (β = 0.53) and indirectly with the mediating role of organizational learning (β = 0.31) is the organizational agility (total β = 0.84). As well as organizational learning also plays a significant impact on organizational agility (= 0.71β).