حمید ماجدی

Stress, depression, and aggressive behaviors are common issues among girl students. The research questions are based on finding the health school variable in salutogenic design and investigating the connection between the school Psychological atmosphere from the students' perception and mental quality dimensions. This research aimed at designing a conceptual model for healthy schools, improving high-school girl students' mental quality. Mixed- methods, both qualitative and quantitative were used. The analytical and coding models were used for conceptual model design via SEM technique and coding by MAXQDA (2018) software. Content analysis for finding relevant codes performed from 2017 to 2022, according to the Google Scholar scientific database. From the SEM technique results, the 5 factors, namely, social space, interface, massing, wayfinding, and comfort with 29 variables affected High-school girl students' perceptions of the psychological atmosphere of school and their mental quality. The context factor and its variables had a slight impact on the school climate. The school climate scale confirmed respectively with the six factors, namely; school connectedness, school rule clarity, reporting problems and seeking help, affirming diversity, peer connectedness, and teacher support.The innovations are considering the students' points of view and applying the standard scale called" The Six factor school building checklist" and preparing its appropriateness according to its effect on students' mental quality for the first time in Iran. School connectedness" as the first factor of school climate from the student's point of view correlates firstly with depression symptoms decrease, the "Rule clarity and reporting problems and seeking help" factors correlate with risky behavior decrease, "Peer connectedness" improvement correlates with a decrease of stress and anxiety among students. The factor called" Affirming diversity" to peer acceptance of their culture and religion correlates with academic achievements and risky behavior decrease and finally" Teacher support" correlates firstly with a decrease in students' depression symptoms. From the coding technique, 225 codes from 45 scientific articles with citations were extracted, according to findings, students' perception of the school psychological atmosphere connects to 8 mental quality indexes extracted from recent research (2017-2022) namely, mental health, satisfaction, wellbeing, academic achievement, stress, and anxiety decrease, depression symptoms decrease, behavioral improvement, risky behavior, and bullying decrease and finally engagement increase and school dropout rate decrease. Applying 29 extracted variables that conformed to salutogenic theory dimensions namely; comprehensibility, controllability, and meaningfulness can improve students' mental quality. Ease of accessibility to teachers' offices, classroom seating design for information exchange, group space connection to classroom, the connection of interior and exterior of the school building, accessibility of entrance and existence, variety in building mass, function exposure from the building mass, clarity of interior circulation and noise control are some of the variables for improving girl students' mental quality.

One of the most important issues and challenges facing developing societies is the physical identity of buildings and urban appearance. Cities are affected by modernity under the influence of modernity, and the concept of urban identity in the process of cognition and perception, presents us with a multidimensional and complex phenomenon. The physical identity of cities has become an influential category in city life. This article follows the hypothesis that the physical identity shaping the contemporary architecture of Tehran emerges from the heart of the subject of the project and the physical identity is the result of the current conditions of society. What are the cities of Tehran? The research method in this research is qualitative survey and applied research and to answer the research question, first the library method to examine the factors affecting the formation of physical identity, then a questionnaire was asked from experts and professors of architecture. . The statistical population is 150 professors of architecture and finally, among the effective factors and has the highest priority in designing spaces with the identity of the physical structure of the spirit of the time, adaptation of form and function and attention to human beings in design, has the most impact.

In recent times, spatial critical studies have become well-established as an alternative to the positivist traditions of urban studies. This perspective views urban space as a socio-economic product that reflects the dominant political and economic conditions of society. Consequently, the spatial political economy approach serves as an appropriate framework to study built space, which is inherently a fundamental element of the capitalist mode of production and a commodity that contributes to economic growth, accumulation, and surplus value production. By conceptualising space as a commodity, it encompasses both exchange value and use value, becoming an inseparable attribute and driving force of the economy in generating surplus value. We explore the formation of value and the process of creating value within space production. We ask: What types of values are embedded in urban spaces? How have different forms of value been shaped and directed? Who is impacted by these values? And how can a balance between these values be achieved?

This paper aims to define the concept of value in the production of space and to recognise the formation of value embedded within it. Through a conceptual understanding of value, we explore the trends and controversies in the creation of the built environment, particularly the tendency to prioritise exchange value over use value. The methodology adopted combines interpretivism, with an emphasis on hermeneutic and normative approaches, and post-positivism, with a focus on critical approaches. The central premise is that understanding social realities is insufficient without considering political economy relations.

Employing a deductive strategy, we present several assumptions and observations in Tehran to develop a conceptual framework for creating value in the creation of space. For instance, housing is a clear example where use value is defined by its characteristics in providing a shelter and privacy, while its exchange value lies in its property value and economic driving force. In Tehran, however, with almost 350,000 to 500,000 vacant properties, housing prices have surged by more than 1200 percent in the last decade. This increase has led to social exclusion and poor housing conditions among the lower and middle social strata, indicating a shift from the social and use value of housing to exchange and capital value, effectively depriving housing of its social function. Furthermore, the inner city of Tehran, a historic area that should be vibrant with high-quality public spaces, has seen a predominance of commercial land use on a large scale. Supportive activities such as warehouses and workshops have dramatically reduced the quality of living and public life, resulting in physical dereliction of the urban fabric. This commercial dominance highlights the prioritisation of exchange value over use value, turning the area into one of the most problematic sites in terms of social decay. Similarly, shopping malls and commercial complexes have proliferated across Tehran in recent decades. Although these establishments serve recreational purposes and meet the public’s daily needs, their genuine function has been altered by the restrictions and controls imposed on them. These fully privatised spaces lack publicness, and their inappropriate locations have caused issues for neighbouring residents. This again illustrates the dominance of exchange value, adjusting public spaces to maximise profit at the expense of social value.

The research findings reveal that a coalition of urban political actors and capital holders has formed a consensus to transform urban space into a platform for profit-making and the acquisition of exchange value. However, urban space is also a public realm for citizens, who should be given primacy in terms of use value. In this context, it is crucial to prioritise use value in our urban spaces, or at least to regain a balance between exchange and use values, to prevent disparities in spatial development and enhance the quality of the built environment. In order to achieve spatial and social justice and improve the quality of the built environment, the gap between exchange value and use value must be bridged by balancing the interests arising from both values. As long as the development of urban spaces is driven solely by exchange value and financial profits, disregarding public interests and social value, the decline in the quality of public places is inevitable. Given that the market and investors invariably pursue higher profit margins, urban planners and policymakers must identify and address stakeholders’ concerns and needs, especially the intangible ones, to foster the creation of inclusive urban spaces.

The criteria and indicators affecting the behavior of urban entrepreneurial places and the policies of forming such places should be derived from the change in the structure of plans and strategies of urban places and spaces. However, these changes have been faced only with regard to previous approaches and past experiences without interacting with the main approaches affecting behavioral roots in the formation of urban entrepreneur places. Therefore, realistic studies and policy-making with regard to modern global systems on places and spaces that are prone to development and progress, as well as places that have the ability to be improved and revitalized, are imagined more than ever. Therefore, in line with its goals, this research has provided a tool for developing a conceptual framework based on the interaction of two approaches "innovation ecosystem and natural urban ecosystem" with the help of metacombination method, the results of which is the emergence of new knowledge in creating entrepreneurial places in interaction with urban regeneration. . The findings of this article, by focusing on the concepts and criteria obtained from the two approaches, led to the extraction of 4 components, the extracted components integrate records of interventions, characteristics, mutual relationships, resources, views, policies and concepts of the two approaches and The solution has presented the fields of change in the behavior of formation and creation of dynamic and efficient places. The results of socio-cultural communication, the promotion and development of the welfare of the civil society, the impact of intelligent systems on the civil and economic society, and finally the positive impact of knowledge and education on human and cultural behaviors have been presented. Therefore, this research can be considered as a tested example for the foundation of conducting research in the future.

in the past, the yard in villa houses would allow residents to perform various activities and to communicate with nature . but today lifestyle change and building of apartments such as mehr housing projects such as social isolation, interruption of relation with nature, has been placed on the physical and mental health of the residents. in this case, appropriate design of intermediate spaces in mehr housing projects can replace the yard and open space in the past. the purpose of this paper is to identify intermediate spaces and provide a method for spatial planning using AIDA model to improve the quality of the environment.
to achieve this goal, the main question is what factors in the excellence of the environment are effective in the quality of residential environment and what strategies can be used to improve the quality of the environment? in order to answer these questions, the capabilities of intermediate spaces in 10 levels were determined and in the mehr imam reza (peace be upon him ) , sadra was evaluated and evaluated . the nature of this research is combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and data collection is done by survey questionnaire. the case study in the residential complex of imam reza , the new town of sadra , has been selected by random sampling and the question has been about 82 residents of this complex . to evaluate the factors, multiple regression and t - test were used.
based on the results of the quality and use of AIDA , strategies for improving the quality of the environment were developed . the results obtained from the quality assessment in the selected set indicate the dissatisfaction of important urban use indicators, green space, and security in the neighborhood level, green space, children 's game space, and the accessibility to residential complex and residential and environmental cleanliness at the residential unit level. then, using the technique of decision - making, different scenarios of quality improvement were presented. after evaluation, the best scenario with improved security, green space development, intensive development of important land uses, network expansion, development of the quality of housing, creation of environmental cleanliness infrastructure and considering children 's play space were selected.

The rapid urbanization and urbanization trend, especially in developing countries, have become pervasive social phenomena in the present era, resulting in social inequalities, poverty, increased corruption and crime, environmental crises, class differences, lack of social welfare, premature death, inadequate housing and homelessness, informal settlements. . The existence of such inequalities in cities causes conflict in societies and ultimately violent behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the current status of urban poverty and its impact on behavioral patterns, focusing on the Shirabad neighborhood in Zahedan.The research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on a survey strategy. Initially, the literature and foundations of the subject were reviewed to establish the criteria. Then, by consulting with a panel of experts (100 individuals), these criteria were finalized in the form of six components. In the next step, the current status of these criteria was assessed through field observations and interviews. Based on the assessment of the current status and the analysis of the t-test results, the average score of each of the six components was significantly higher than the average value of 3, Therefore, the research hypotheses were confirmed. This means that the identification of 6 components and 40 criteria that cause urban poverty in the formation of the final model was accepted and approved by experts and specialists. The results of the research show that the proposed model of this research can be very efficient in investigating the role of urban poverty on the behavioral patterns of citizens , which includes 6 components and 40 criteria in the form of social, economic, cultural, physical, infrastructure and basic and environmental services.

According to the fact that place identity is influenced by various social, physical, semantic, functional, and natural factors, each of these dimensions has multiple indicators with complex internal relationships; Measuring and evaluating it is a fundamental and complex issue. Therefore, the aim of this study is to "provide a combined model for measuring the identity of place in urban spaces." To achieve this goal, quantitative methods have been used. First, the expert questionnaire with a sample size of 19 people was analyzed in the form of a combination of DEMATEL model and Analytical network process, then the questionnaire of space users with a volume of 384 samples in 12 urban spaces was analyzed by TOPSIS model. The results show that despite the decline in identity in recent decades, Tehran Bazaar as the central core of Tehran's historical district still has an acceptable level, but the further away from the Bazaar, the different dimensions of social, physical, functional, natural and the semantic identity is declining. Also, from a methodological point of view, it can be said that the combined DANP-TOPSIS model is a suitable model for measuring the various dimensions of place identity in an integrated way.

Human life and the historical course of civilization have always been subjected to concepts such as justice and equality. Although the concept of justice is more than fair distribution and is considered a kind of social value, due to its content, there is no universal definition of justice, and it takes on different meanings depending on the social and geographical conditions. However, spatial justice theories emphasize its spatiality. Today, with the rapid growth of urbanism and excessive attention on the planning process, spatial inequalities derived from social and economic inequalities lead to the collapse of the balance of urban systems, the lack of content of urban planning measures, and unbalanced and unequal access to the district. Therefore, since the spatial organization in cities is influenced by the economic, social, political and cultural functions of the society, if these structures are formed based on justice, we will witness its impact in urban spaces, and its consequences can be spatial justice, and He pointed out equality in the distribution of services and resources in cities. In fact, spatial justice is the fair distribution of socially valuable resources such as power, environmental goods, and social services throughout space. In the public sphere, social claims can be negotiated and discussed, allowing multiple voices to be heard in the city. According to Michel Foucault, what sustains power and makes it acceptable is the fact that this power is productive, induces pleasure, shapes knowledge, and produces discourse. So it should be considered productive. A network that passes through the entire social body. With these words, the concept of a justice city can be studied in terms of its relationship with the two concepts of knowledge (truth) and power (Expediency), and by expanding Foucault's knowledge-power theory, it discussed whether the justice-centered city is based on Is communication action and Foucault's theory possible to be realized in the real world that has conflicting interests and complex power relations? The current research tries to find the theoretical foundations of justice and its roots in line with the concepts of spatial justice and the justice-centered city, emphasizing Foucault's theory of knowledge and power, to investigate the relationship between these two concepts in the urban space. 

 This research is an applied-developmental research. The general strategy of this research is a combined strategy that uses a different and separate research strategy for each topic of the research. Thus, in the theoretical part of the research, using the qualitative approach and based on the library method, the concepts of the justice-centered city and its spatial and physical components are explained, and then by referring to Foucault's works in knowledge-power theory and others. Thinkers in power, the place of this theory in urban planning have been studied and finally, the theoretical framework and conceptual model of the research based on the relationship between the two sides of spatial justice and knowledge-power in urban planning has been presented. Also, the special strategy will be narrative and analysis, and the type of theory in this research is content-proof. The indicators obtained in this research are based on the theoretical framework including spatial knowledge, guidance and control, and participation, as well as the statistical population including the citizens of Rasht city, which was randomly sampled from the statistical population of citizens. Cochran's formula and Morgan's table were used to determine the sample size, and the sample size was equal to 384 people. The statistical results are presented in two topics, descriptive findings and inferential findings. In the descriptive topic, the main variables were explained and interpreted using frequency statistics, mean, standard deviation, and frequency percentage, and in the inferential topic, the research model was investigated using the structural equation modeling technique. The average of the factors was evaluated with one-sample T-test, the ranking of factors was done with Friedman's ranking test, the comparison of districts in terms of spatial-physical components of the city of justice was done with the one-way analysis of variance test, and the comparison of the existing and desired situation with A one-sample T-test was performed. Data analysis was done with Smart PLS version 3 and SPSS version 27 software. The maximum error level of Crombach's alpha for hypothesis testing was considered being 0.05 (p<0.05).

The results show that because of the content of justice, there is no universal definition of it, and the concept of justice takes on different meanings depending on the social and geographical conditions. However, researchers emphasize that the material and non-material benefits of public policy should be distributed fairly. This point shows that planning is the product of power and politics. Urban planning, especially land use planning, is no exception to this. In fact, it is accepted by the public that citizens do not have much control over the forces that form the environment, and the changers, decision makers, creators and organizers of the environment are not citizens, but a group that changes the environment and makes decisions about it in the shadow and vaguely. The consequences of this trend lead to the privatization of urban spaces and injustice in the spatial organization of cities. Therefore, justice-oriented urban planning is a critical discourse against power inequality (poverty, corruption and discrimination) in urban spaces and a political effort against the privatization of public spaces for the benefit of capital.

The present research states that for the principled movement of planning, it is necessary to identify the role of effective powers and forces in the society. In fact, justice-oriented cities improve the quality of life in cities by providing an empowering framework for urban actors. Therefore, understanding the dominant power structure and creating a control and monitoring system using technical knowledge and popular participation can lead to achieving a justice-oriented city based on the knowledge-power theory. The quality of life and the distribution of opportunities are two prominent axes of spatial and physical justice, which crystallizes in the majority of distributive justice and structural justice in the city. Also, Foucault's analysis of the space of the modern era emphasizes how specific spaces are produced, designed, constructed, controlled and regulated by disciplinary discourses and power-knowledge technologies. In the knowledge-power theory, Michel Foucault considers space to be the producer of power relations, which shows its influence in different ways, and believes that power flows in space and no space can exist without power flows. Therefore, planning is a mechanism that connects with the urban space through physical-spatial justice.

The findings obtained from the analysis show that almost all the components and indicators of the city of justice are lower than the average in all districts of the city of Rasht. However, spatial knowledge or technical rationality to some extent has obtaineda higher average in the city level than the other two components, guidance- control and participation. However, district 2, which forms the central fabric of the city, has the highest level of spatial knowledge component, which means the highest level of balance, diversity and spatial capability, the highest level of guidance and control, which means the highest level of visibility and regulation, and the highest level of participation, which means the highest level of monitoring and networking. And district 4, which often has an unplanned texture, has the lowest amount of these indicators. Finally, it can be concluded that by identifying the components of physical-spatial justice based on the theory of knowledge of power and the relationship between them, planning can be done through spatial knowledge (technical rationality) and by creating balance, diversity and capabilities. Spatially and by moving towards more complete forms of decision-making to reduce the intensity of injustice. Therefore, planning can be done by producing a disciplinary space toward guidance and control (discipline) and in line with the purposeful regulation of life by using concepts such as visibility and regulation in disciplinary spaces such as cities, streets, public uses, etc., To act toward social equality and influence the power of activists. Also, through participation (influence on choices) and considering the role of networks as relationships between forces and communication links, as well as the politics of difference and resistance, and the participation of weaker groups in decision-making, as well as the participation of disciplinary institutions from such as local governments, social representatives, local participants, etc., to play a positive role in liberation and standing. Finally, it can be said that understanding the dominant power structure and creating a control and monitoring system using technical knowledge and people's participation can lead to achieving a justice-oriented city based on the knowledge-power theory.

Geomorphic hazards have occurred continuously and throughout history in different areas of the globe and continue to do so. But we recognize these events as a danger when they threaten human settlements and cause damage to man-made buildings, facilities, and equipment. Also, since humanity has not been able to prevent the occurrence of many of these dangers, the best solution is to stay away from these dangers. However, many human settlements are placed in risky situations in terms of geomorphic hazards, which is a potential threat to them. Therefore, by identifying high-risk and safe residential areas, it is possible to prepare to deal with risks and to use safe residential areas in urban planning in future developments and constructions. Based on this, the present research was conducted with this concern to identify safe residential zones in Guilan province, which is considered a high-risk province in terms of geomorphic hazards, through spatial analysis. The research method is mixed or combined (quantitative and qualitative) and a combination of library and field methods was used to collect data and information. The results of this research showed that based on the opinions of specialists and experts, the most important geomorphic hazards that are considered as a threat to the urban areas of Guilan province include earthquakes, floods, landslides, erosion, subsidence, and liquefaction, respectively. In terms of the spatial distribution of safe residential areas, based on what was obtained from the output of the fuzzy model in the GIS software, 51.5% of the ​​Guilan province is covered by unsafe and relatively unsafe levels in terms of geomorphic hazards. On the other hand, safe and relatively safe zones cover 23.4% of the area of ​​Guilan province, and 25.1% of the area of ​​the province is covered by the medium security zone.

Architecture in the Second Pahlavi period is characterized by the triangle of the western culture and civilization influence, Iranian historical heritage with starring role of pre- and post- Islamic architecture and the emergence of architecture from the heart of this period. In this period, known as the millennium of the modern architecture in Iran, architects such as Louis Kahn and Hassan Fathy set forth the historical value and experiences in the architecture of the past and as such adopting a nostalgic view toward traditional architecture, they addressed its revitalization in terms of design and implementation. In most of the contemporary buildings of Tehran not all of them, a form imitation of Iranian traditional architecture or the contemporary western one has taken place. Numerous notable examples are certainly inappropriate patches of the environment and architectural profession. It would be considered as a variable affecting Tehran public building issues and investigated during the present study. This research reviews the physical identity of the public buildings in the Second Pahlavi period. Library method was initially adopted to investigate the factors affecting the physical identity formation during the Second Pahlavi period. Then, the architectural experts and scholars were asked to complete the questionnaire encompassing the points from the library analysis which were studied in the public buildings of the Second Pahlavi period. The statistical population comprised 150 architectural scholars. Among the findings of this research are the major developments related to the Second Pahlavi period including civil projects and formation of the residential units and complexes. Pahlavi architecture is a transition period from the traditional architecture to the modern one. The modern architecture generated through the Second Pahlavi period was broadly backed by the European architecture mainstreams including the international style of Staatliches Bahaus, Le Corbusier artworks, Frank Lloyd Wright products, etc. Its outcome was Iranian modern architecture that has been called pseudomodern architecture. Given that after the rise of modernism, the regionalism approach entails the ample challenges related to interactions and confrontations of the modern architecture of the cultural- regional identities, the main research question is that which indices and concepts have been focused during the design of some works related to the mentioned period.

Sustainable and green approaches in architecture are expanding due to the importance of achieving goals of reducing carbon footprint and adapting to the consequences of global warming. The design and construction of smart green buildings have been considered as an efficient model in terms of energy consumption and meeting the needs of residents. Smart green buildings use the green Internet of Things and ICT. In addition to the proper management of energy, water, and waste, they affect the health and quality of the indoor environment, while the investment cost and higher selling price may limit their development. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the feasibility of green smart building concept implementation from the project beneficiaries’ perspective in Iran, analyzing the views of residents and home buyers.

This applied research uses an analytical-descriptive method based on desk research, field studies, and questionnaires. The effective factors in the application of smart green building concepts, as the innovation of the study, have been investigated with its goals including technology, energy saving, and creating a healthy and clean environment. A questionnaire with 39 questions was designed, encompassing four dimensions comprising the benefits of smart green building, factors affecting buyers' willingness, estimation of necessary cost for construction, and factors affecting the implementation of smart green concept in construction. Then, possible effective factors in the successful implementation of green building criteria were classified into three categories: leadership and responsibility, principles and techniques, and feedback and creating public trust. The research was conducted focusing on District 1 of Tehran in the northernmost part of the city, and the resident households with the ability to purchase a green residential unit with an added value equal to 10-31% compared to normal units formed the target statistical population. In the pre-test stage, the questionnaire was distributed among 30 individuals and the sample size was obtained by analyzing the data. After collecting the data, all statistical analyzes analyses were done using SPSS software.

The results of the survey of 62 responses to the questionnaire show that among the advantages of smart green buildings, energy efficiency, material efficiency, and land efficiency are more important, respectively. Most respondents believe that green smart buildings save maintenance costs and thus reduce energy demand for lighting, heating, and air conditioning. Economic incentives are the priority of policy measures, and granting tax discounts to buyers of green housing affects buyers' willingness. Labeling buildings and paying subsidized loans and grants are in the next positions. Moreover, half of the respondents estimated the added value needed to build a house or apartment with a green rating compared with a similar normal house or apartment to be more than 30%, which is congruent with previous studies. Buyers' willingness to pay additional prices rises with increasing income and 40.3% of respondents are willing to pay more to buy a green smart building as a new house or apartment.

To increase buyers’ willingness to pay extra, it is necessary to moderate the price of green buildings. Providing suitable platforms to raise public awareness about the concept of green building can help users and consumers to make proper decisions. Currently, green building is prioritized due to its environmental effects. Nevertheless, it is necessary to consider its potential economic and human benefits, which is one of the key points for the success of green buildings in the future. The successful implementation of the smart green building program requires defining the vision and technological instructions, preparing a road map, and then prioritizing and streamlining the construction and renovation projects with the aim of sustainability.

Urban spaces are parts of the urban fabric that the general public has physical and visual access to, and it is considered a platform for human activities and establishing social interactions. Wide use of space for social activities shows the success of urban spaces. Patterns of space use, including patterns of pause and movement of users, are factors that determine the efficiency of these spaces. Considering the importance of this topic, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the perceptual -behavioral patterns of users in the public spaces of Panj district of Tehran by using the method of space layout and depth map software was used to achieve this goal. For this purpose, a series of analyzes of the importance of structure and interconnection was carried out at the level of five regions, and the three components of connection, integrity, depth and the degree of their relationship were examined according to the scale of the area. According to the relatively checkerboard structure of the study area, the main thoroughfares, which have an arterial role, had the greatest potential in terms of the connecting quality of the spaces. The lowest amount was related to residential complexes in the west of the region. The highest degree of connection was related to the center of the region to the south of the region. The western and northern parts of the region had greater spatial depth. The topography of the northern regions has affected the form of the accesses and has caused the greater spatial depth of these regions compared to the southern regions of the region. Among the other results of this research, there is a relatively logical relationship between the two indicators of interlinking and index connection, and as a result, the degree of perception of these indicators (R2=0.16). That is, generally, with the increase of connection, the interconnection of the spaces of zone five increases. Therefore, the simultaneous analysis of these two indicators in the targeted spaces of Region 5 has the greatest affinity with the analysis of the qualities affecting public spaces .

In today's world, Environmental life cycle assessment is recognized as one of the complete methods for assessing the environmental impact of buildings. This study aimed to select the best way for assessing the environmental impact of life cycle in high-rise construction with full coverage of environmental impact classification. In this study, seven important categories of environmental impacts were analyzed in eight widely used life cycle assessment method using SPSS software, and finally, the ReCiPe method was selected as the most appropriate method. This method has then been studied for 16 high consumption materials in a residential building of construction phase in Tehran. Conclusion In this study, after comparing the midpoint and endpoint approaches using the ReCiPe method, the midpoint results are comprehensive while the endpoint results are brief. However, the endpoint approach provides more information on the environmental damage that should be considered to use a midpoint supplement. This study's findings can help project designers and builders before the construction of high-rise residential projects by estimating the environmental impact at the level of two approaches in selecting environmentally friendly materials. It should be noted that any misuse of these two approaches may affect the evaluation results and lead to misleading findings.

Sense of place is one of the most important phenomena in creating a relationship between people and the environment. People's age can create different interests in environmental indicators. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of age and also to investigate the location sense indices of two oil and non-oil residential complexes. In the qualitative part, textual data has been used to interpret the content of textual data through systematic processes of coding, categorization, and theming with grounded technique. First, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts. Interview analysis was performed using Atlasti software and open and axial coding method. In open coding, 44 indicators were extracted and in axial coding, they were classified into 9 axes. In a small part, a questionnaire was designed with a Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha criterion is used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. Then it was randomly distributed among 373 residents with age groups in three groups of 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80. The results show that in the New Side residential complex, in the age group of 20-40 years, the highest share of factors related to activity, memory, social interactions, and security, in the age group of 40-60 years, the highest share of factors related to security, natural landscape, memory, significance. In the age group of 60-80 years, the largest share is related to green space, natural landscape, social interactions, comfort, and security. In Jundishapur residential complex, in the age group of 40-40 years, the highest share of factors related to activity, memory, social interactions, in the age group of 40-60 years, the highest share of factors related to memory, natural landscape and comfort, in the group Ages 60-80 are the most important factors related to memory, natural landscape, social interactions, and comfort.

Urban vegetation provides valuable ecosystem services to cities and their residents. With the increasing recognition of the multifunctional benefits of these services, improving green space networks tailored to the environmental and climatic characteristics of each city is a global trend. Green roofs have also gained attention as an important element in enhancing vegetation coverage and green spaces. The implementation of green roofs in Tehran can contribute to reducing building energy consumption and mitigating hazards such as air pollution, noise pollution, and heat islands, while enhancing urban biodiversity. In a time when greenhouse gas emissions are on the rise and the impacts of climate change are affecting urban life, the application of green roofs can be a step towards increasing resilience. It is necessary to optimize and integrate green roof components within the framework of green, intelligent, and sustainable building approaches.

Participation is a concept that depends on the context and conditions of a society, and therefore, it takes on various forms and levels. One of the most recognized methods of achieving public benefit in Habermas' perspectives is seen in his concept of communicative action. Furthermore, Jane Friedman categorizes planning theories into four traditions and approaches based on the extent of knowledge application in the public sphere, namely policy analysis, social reform, social learning, and social mobilization. The aim of this research is to categorize the theories of public participation theorists and develop a new interpretation of the levels of participation in conjunction with Jane Friedman's planning traditions. Data was gathered through document analysis and literature review using a qualitative approach. The results reveal that within the framework of the proposed concept of participatory planning, the traditional top-down planning process corresponds to policy analysis, which does not involve participation and cannot be considered a stage of participatory planning. In the second stage, supportive planning corresponds to social reform. The next stage is educational planning corresponding to social learning, and finally, participatory planning is defined as the highest level, corresponding to social mobilization. In this framework, the outcome of each stage sets the foundation for the next stage, providing the basis for genuine participation.

Extended Abstract Urban development plans, the most important and comprehensive document of the development of cities, have passed different periods in terms of content, methodology and implementation. This is due to the importance of plans in urban development and to the failure to implement them. The experiences of preparing urban development plans show that these plans, despite their positive and constructive aspects, have not always solved urban problems, and may have been an important factor in the formation of problems in some cases. This subject has been the basis of many studies in the form of articles, books and reports by experts or consulting companies, Organization, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and the Ministry of Interior. Despite new theoretical concepts, including strategic-structural plans, the ineffectiveness of these plans is still evident. Therefore, any kind of research in order to identify and diagnose urban development plans, considering the complexity of urban issues is necessary. The aim of the article is to analyze urban development plans through the structure of studies and the methodology and content of these plans.  The dominant methodological approach of articles related to the pathology of urban development plans has been the meta-analysis method. Meta-analysis involves a systematic study of previous research findings pertaining to a particular subject, providing the opportunity to derive conclusions that may not be readily evident from the original data within those prior studies. First, related articles have been collected in the period from 1992 to 2020; then, by selecting the number of 85 articles related to the pathology of urban development plans, using the basics and extracting the investigated indicators in the form of a checklist of related data, including study trends, geographical distribution, research approaches and types, research environment, strategies, the methods of data collection and the general approach of the content have been extracted and analyzed quantitatively. The trend of studies in the investigated period of time shows the fluctuation of studies by researchers regarding the pathology of urban development plans did not increase in different periods. More than 50% of the studies were conducted without case samples. The geographical distribution of studies shows the lack of proper and uniform distribution in the country. In a large number of provinces, despite the increase in the number of cities, no study has been done. The most researchers are related to the field of urban planning with 41% and the second place is geographical sciences with 38% of all researchers. This shows the lack of attention of other sciences related to the city and urban development plans. Based on the research findings, from a methodological perspective, there is a relatively good balance in prescriptive research, with various approaches (comparative and inductive) being utilized in the applied studies. The majority of studies have a qualitative nature and focus on macro-level urban development schemes. More than three-fourths of the research was conducted in bibliographic method and nearly 65% of the articles were descriptive and phenomenological in terms of research methods. It is clear that pathology studies of urban development plans notably lack the incorporation of alternative research methods, such as parametric and non-parametric approaches. According to the results of this article, more than 75% of studies have been based on documentary methods, which is on the one hand due to the documentation of comprehensive urban plans and the necessity of document review, and on the other hand, it shows the weakness and lack of attention to other methods of data collection in case studies. The findings indicate that the increase in the quantity of pathology studies does not correspond proportionally to the increase in the number of cities and graduates of this field in the country, and on the other hand, the geographical distribution shows that more than two-thirds of the country’s provinces have no specific study or only they are satisfied with one research. In the specialized fields, 80% of studies are done by graduates of urban planning and geographical sciences, and researchers of economic and social sciences have paid the least attention to the field of urban planning. Therefore, it seems necessary that the authorities take measures for the purposeful collaboration of other researchers related to the city. Also, the lack of appropriate and relevant methodology and high dependence on phenomenology and document study, despite the survey and field nature of the research field and the lack of combined methods, can be seen in these articles. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the objective and operational aspects of urban development plans; move more towards mixed (quantitative-qualitative) research. Overall, the findings indicate that studies related to urban development plans have a fundamental weakness in terms of methodology. The methodological content analysis of the studied articles indicates two distinct types of urban development plan pathology studies. The first group, with 6% of the articles, has investigated the level of realization and the reasons for the non-realization of the goals in the samples, and nearly 94% based on the experiences of the authors have raised the causes of the inefficiency of urban development plans, which is due to the influence of studies on the phenomenological method and the priority of knowing the cause is more than the knowing the effect, and it indicates the lack of investigations with an inductive approach in urban development plans. In conclusion, it is suggested that the Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture of Iran, considering its mission in this regard using the capacity of numerous and related scientific centers throughout the provinces of the country, according to the periods of monitoring and revision of plans, provide the field for targeted studies by researchers. This can balance between the time periods of studies, the optimal distribution of studies according to issues and problems and the dispersion of cities and the use of different researchers in this field.

Rapid urban development in recent decades has affected various dimensions of human life. The intensity of this impact, as well as the role of cities in the consumption of natural resources, the production of waste, and the concentration of human activities have made sustainable urban development a key element in the future, and therefore, efforts to understand urban sustainability and its various dimensions continue. With deductive exploration in the theoretical literature, the urban form can be categorized into components such as communication networks, public transportation systems, pedestrian and bicycle access, spatial structure, spatial distribution of activities, housing and settlement size, natural phenomena, and nonfunctional imagery. Due to the interdependence of the components of this concept with different dimensions of the city, its role in different aspects of sustainability will be undeniable to the extent that one of the most important sources of instability is the city's form. A critical review of the new frameworks for urban planning and redevelopment aimed at achieving sustainability points to a disagreement over the most desirable sustainable urban form. This problem can be solved only by the measurement of the relationship between sustainability indicators and urban form in different case samples with different resolving characteristics and their results can be generalized. This study, using inductive research method and FANP in Pyton, as well as GIS for analyzing spatial data and residents' questionnaires for quality indicators, aimed to evaluate the sustainability levels in the 22regions of Tehran first, and then classify the regions according to the form and spatial structure. Finally, the relationship between urban form and spatial structure with sustainability components in the scale of Tehran's regions was measured. Regression outputs indicate the direct influence of urban form and urban structure parameters on sustainability components in the regions of Tehran.

Due to the deep changes in Contemporary societies and the transition from the traditional to the modern and postmodern societies, the old and pre-constructed identity has become a constructed thing that is constantly being restored; it has been influenced by a complex network of causal relationships in various physical, functional, social, semantic, and natural aspects. This is important in the place identity, especially in historical areas, due to drastic economic and physical changes, as these areas are in fact the most important identity element of cities. Thus, the historical district of Tehran is examined due to the double importance of the components of political economy that marginalize identity factors. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to determine the causal relationship and prioritize the components of spatial identity. In order to achieve this goal, first, 19 questionnaires were given to experts using purposeful and consecutive sampling method based on the logic of DAMATEL model in the form of a 32 * 32 matrix, the relationships between variables are determined and then The importance of each is determined by using the combined model of the DEMATEL and the Analytical Network process. The results show that the "social" criterion is the most important criterion, followed by the "semantic" and "physical" criteria. the indicators of "the degree of adaptation of space to climate", "the level of memorization of space", "the degree of visual appeal”, “the rate of occurrence of specific and unique events in space" are the most important indicators in the network.

The evidence shows that Tehran as the capital and the most populous city of Iran is exposed to consequences of climate changes but proper measures are not taken to deal with such consequences. Considering the increasing threats and consequences of the climate changes, adaptation is among the most important issues in urban management. This study firstly identified the barriers to climate change adaptation in Tehran metropolis urban management and then assessed the impact of the barriers. A mixed method was applied in this study for data gathering and analysis. Focus group discussion (FGD) was used to identify the barriers. Then the identified barriers were assessed quantitatively by rapid impact assessment matrix and qualitatively by assessing the impacts of the themes to specify their impact and the way each barrier affects the climate change adaptation. The FGDs were held by participation of 59 experts and resulted in nine main themes and 31 sub-themes. The main themes were: structure and culture of research, awareness, education and knowledge, social factors, resources and its management, laws and regulations, communications and interactions, economic factors, institutional and administrative factors, and planning. The rapid impact assessment matrix showed that the impact of planning, laws and regulations, structure and culture of research barriers are bigger than other barriers. The qualitative assessment showed that the impacts of most of the barriers are regional, long-term, irreversible, permanent and certain. Among the sub-themes, the biggest impact belonged to lack of a higher institute or center for research and policy development on climate change adaptation which had the score -72. The average score of the impacts of the barriers was calculated to be -32.32. This score is placed in the -C region and means that the average impact of the barriers is negative. Findings of this study may help the decision makers and policy makers of urban management to have better understanding of the barriers to climate change adaptation, to better cope with, and to overcome them.

The first thing that comes to mind when residential areas in the culture of contemporary Iranian architecture are studied is that achieving higher quality in residential environments is a necessity given the said point. Identifying the main factors that affect quality improvement, providing a model for quality measurement in the residential environment, and then prioritizing indexes is essential. Not only does this method study the issue of quality from the perspective of residents living in the selected complex, but also it can be used in quality improvement policies and strategies of residential environments. Therefore, this article considers three main factors: capability of intermediate spaces, quality of architectural design, and personal characteristics of residents in question. This article analyzed the relationship between these factors and the quality of residential complexes. Further, it determined environmental quality based on residents’ needs and expectations by providing a four-level model for measuring quality in residential complexes and measuring indicators from residents. Then, it identified the principal indicators in quality improvement of the environment by prioritizing indicators. This measurement used t-test, correlation, and factor analysis. The results obtained in the field of research hypotheses showed that there is a significant correlation between the indicators of the duration of residence, level of education, age and type of ownership (in the individual characteristics of residents), the ability of intermediate spaces, and the quality of architects’ design with the quality of the residential environment. The results showed that the residents of Vahdat Beton Complex are not satisfied with the quality of their residential environment. The quality score showed that the most dissatisfaction is with the area of the residential complex. Also, the consequence of the significant coefficient demonstrated that the area of the residential unit should be considered by the city officials, as their top priority. The results of the analysis of the elements that make up the quality of the environment showed that space 2 at the level of the neighborhood unit, space 2 at the level of the residential complex, and space 3 at the level of the residential unit is more important spaces for the residents. Moreover, the lowest level of residents’ satisfaction is with the accessibility at the level of the residential complex and the observance of privacy, overlooking, and visual pleasure at the level of the residential unit. Prioritization of measures to improve the quality of the environment showed that space 3, at the level of the neighborhood unit, space 2 at the level of a residential complex, spaces 1 & 3 at the level of the residential unit are the most important spaces for improving the quality of buildings. It also showed that indicators of green space and social livelihood in space 2, visual pleasure and sensual richness in space 3 of neighborhood unit level, accessibility, and readability in space3, green space and controlling the entry of strangers to the complex in space 1 of residential complex level, green space, and belonging in space 3, privacy and overlooking in space 1 of the residential unit level.

The sense of attachment to a place is one of the most important components of quality in urban spaces, which has semantic, emotional, and functional factors. This feeling takes place after understanding and judging the environment. In the case of satisfaction, it causes the optimal use of the environment and ultimately causes the continuation of the presence of individuals. In the evaluation and experiences of the implementation of urban development projects in the world and especially in our country, it has been proven that these projects have had little success in creating a qualified urban environment. In this regard, a new approach to preparing urban development plans with an approach to the city and an integrated vision called design-oriented planning has been proposed, which is a general process to connect planning to design. This topic is a product-oriented design that pays attention to all dimensions: physical, economic, social, psychological, perceptual, and visual. As one of the five cities around Tehran, Parand city is of special importance due to its location and characteristics.   Its special place is due to its special place to organize the population and the activity of the urban complex in the master plan and the plan of the urban complex of Tehran, i.e., the plans beyond it. Moreover, Parand city has a special regional location, which is strategic in terms of location. This research seeks the question of how design-based planning as an approach to improve the quality of the urban environment can be used to formulate a model to improve the sense of attachment to the place as one of the most important components of quality in Parand city. The key goal of this research in this direction is to determine the criteria for improving the sense of attachment to the place as an important dimension in improving the quality of urban life, emphasizing the Design-Led planning approach in Parand city.

In this research, according to the purpose and nature of the research, the combined or mixed exploratory research method has been used. In the first stage, the theoretical foundations, studies, and background related to the sense of attachment to place and design-oriented planning were analyzed and compiled systematically. In order to ensure the validity of the qualitative part, the opinions of professors and scientific experts and the theory of experts were used. The inductive content analysis method was used to analyze qualitative data. Therefore, in this section, with the help of open, central, and selective coding, the content categories in the studied model that was available in the literature and documents of the research subject have been searched, and finally, after coding, the research analysis model has been presented. In the second step, in the quantitative method, the questionnaire was made from qualitative data, and the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, supervisors, and consultants. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, regression, and correlation tests were also used to analyze the data.

Based on the obtained results, it is determined that according to the conceptual model of the research, there is a significant relationship between all the variables of the research. In other words, there is a kind of convergence between the design and the planning criteria of the design-oriented planning variable and the criteria of place dependence and place identity variables of place attachment, that is, by promoting the criteria of place identity, place dependence, design-oriented planning, one can feel an attachment to Improve the location.Furthermore, the effect of place identity, place dependence, and design-oriented planning in order to promote place attachment is positive and meaningful.

In this regard, the sense of attachment to the place was considered as a central category, and three factors of place identity, dependence on the place, and design-oriented planning (as an influential element and innovation in research) were identified as elements influencing the sense of attachment to the place. According to the findings of this research and the conceptual model of the research, there is a positive and significant correlation between all research variables, in other words, between the design and the planning factors, the design-oriented planning variable, and the criteria of place dependence and place identity, the variable of attachment to a certain place. There is convergence, that is, by improving the criteria of place identity, place dependence, and design-oriented planning, the sense of attachment to place can be improved in Parand city. In examining the authenticity of the claim of the existence of the effect of place identity, place dependence, design-oriented planning, and design factors in the second phase of Parand city on promoting the sense of attachment, since their significance level is less than 5%, their effect is accepted in the direction of promoting attachment to the place. Considering the background of the research and examining the results of the current research with recent research, it can be acknowledged that the missing element in recent research is the role of the design-oriented planning approach in promoting the sense of attachment to the place because in the evaluation and experiences of the implementation of the project Urban development projects in the world and especially in our country have proven that urban development projects have had little success in creating a quality urban environment. Therefore, various urban thinkers have supported the presence of quality-oriented thinking specific to urban design in all scales (macro and micro) of urban development plans to create a quality environment, and thus a new approach in preparing urban development plans with a visionary approach to the city. They were integrated into the name of design-oriented planning. In this research, the role of this factor was investigated by identifying the relevant indicators that can be of great help to urban designers.

The purpose of current research was to identify and set a priority for factors and variables of school climate. The method of research was qualitative and quantitative via survey study among 180 volunteer and accessible high- school girl students in Gorgan city(academic year 1397-1398). The sample size determined according to accessible samples and the minimum sample size (100 to 150) which is appropriate for structural equation modeling. Data analysis done by SEM technique via second-order CFA. The composite reliability and the AVE of the main construct (WHITS scale) reported 0.97 and 0.77, respectively. From the results, all the six sub-constructs determined the main construct and there was a priority from the students' perspective for psychological dimensions of learning environment, that is to say, school connectedness (0.94), rule clarity (0.93), affirming diversity (0.90), reporting and seeking help (0.86), peer connectedness (0.85) and teacher support (0.78) determined respectively the "WHITS" scale, the short form of " What's happening in this school? From the students' perspective" for assessing school psychological climate. After setting a priority for factors and variables of "WHITS" scale for assessing school climate, some applicable ways proposed for a quality-oriented space, such as creating group stations for students in different school level and providing spaces for exposing students' cultural diversity.

One of the most important issues and challenges facing developing societies is the physical identity of buildings and urban appearance. Cities are affected by modernity under the influence of modernity, and the concept of urban identity in the process of cognition and perception, presents us with a multidimensional and complex phenomenon. The physical identity of cities has become an influential category in city life. This dissertation follows the hypothesis that the physical identity shaping the contemporary architecture of Tehran comes out of the heart of the subject of the project and the physical identity is the result of the current conditions of society. What are the generals of Tehran? To analyze and examine the physical identity of public buildings in the city, the second Pahlavi period was selected. The research method in this research is qualitative survey and research is applied. In the second Pahlavi period, a point obtained from library analysis in public buildings of the second Pahlavi period was examined.