رضا ربیعی

 Hysterectomy is one of the most common surgical operations worldwide, which is performed due to benign diseases, malignant cancers, postpartum emergencies, and gender reassignment. In addition to the possible complications of surgery, the removal of the uterus has many consequences. Designing and creating a national registry program with integrated information can be effective in the evaluation and effectiveness of hysterectomy, planning to improve the quality of care and research.

 This descriptive research was conducted in 2022-2023. After reviewing the texts from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases and based on the comparative study of the hysterectomy registration program in pioneer countries, a Delphi questionnaire was developed and after confirming the reliability and validity, it was given to 40 experts. After two stages, the final model of the national hysterectomy registration program for Iran was presented.

 The National Hysterectomy Registry Program model includes five main categories: objectives, structure, minimum data sets (administrative-clinical data, data related to hysterectomy and patient death, and hospital data), standards and processes (processing, reports, quality control and follow-up), which was agreed by the majority of experts.

 The steps performed in this study could be an approach to designing other registration programs. Also, considering the central role of the hysterectomy registration program in the management of healthcare services, regular and continuous implementation of this program in all obstetrics and gynecology centers is suggested.

Expansion of digital technologies in healthcare, necessitates improving the level of knowledge and skill of using these technologies. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the content of the digital health education program and the skills required by different groups.

This was a review study, which included a search in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus focusing on studies published from 2000 to 2022. The search for obtaining relevant studies was performed in September 2022. The content of the selected studies was analyzed based on the objectives of the study, and data was extracted using a form.

After retrieving the articles, 54 out of the 97 articles were selected and analyzed based on the inclusion criteria. Finally, the types of required knowledge and skills, as well as challenges of digital health education was presented based on different target groups.

To benefit fromdigital health, it is necessary to train and empower different user groups for effective and efficient use of digital health technologies. Formulating a strategic plan for digital health education, along with creating continuous training courses, including the content of digital health education in the curriculum of health providers and managers, as well as promoting it through professional technical centers and institutions are necessary for citizens.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, which leads to the death of more than 10 million people in the world every year. Its early diagnosis, management and proper treatment play an important role in reducing complications and mortality. One of the support tools in early diagnosis, treatment and management of this disease are Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS), which are divided into two groups, rule-based and non-rule-based. Rule-based decision support systems are created based on clinical guidelines, while non-rule-based decision support systems use machine learning. In this research, the effects of decision support systems, rule-based and non-rule-based, on cancer diagnosis, treatment and management were measured.

The present study was conducted using a systematic review method, which was conducted by searching the Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE and PubMED databases until 12/31/2021. After removing duplicates and evaluating the characteristics of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies related to the goal were selected. The selection of articles was based on the title, abstract and full text The data collection tool was the data extraction form, which included year of study, type of study, system of body, organ of body, the service provided by the decision support system, type of decision support system, effect, effect index and the score of effect index. Narrative synthesis were used for data analysis.

Out of 768 articles, 16 articles related to the objectives of the study were identified. Studies were presented in two categories of clinical decision-support systems: Rule-based and non-Rule based. The effects evaluated in the clinical decision support systems were Rule-based, dose adjustment, symptoms, adherence to treatment guidelines, care time, smoking, need for chemotherapy and pain management, all of which except pain management were significant and positive. The effects evaluated were in the category of non-Rule based clinical decision support systems, diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, controlling neutropenia, all of which were significant and positive except controlling neutropenia.

The results obtained for the effectiveness of both Rule-based and non-Rule-based decision support systems indicated different benefits of these two categories. Therefore, using their combination in the field of cancer can bring very useful results.

Today, the Hospital Information System (HIS) has become an essential part of the diagnostic and therapeutic processes of health care professionals. The Nutrition Decision Support System (NDSS) as a subsystem of HIS plays an important role in supporting clinical decision making and food policies.

The current study was cross-sectional and descriptive. The research population includes the nutrition information system of the HIS pertaining to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The systems had been designed by Tirajeh Rayaneh Company, Rayavaran and Tarasheh Hushmand Novin. The data was collected using a checklist including 21 criteria that distributed among 20 nutritionists through visiting 19 affiliated hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. We used content validity and test-retest method for specifying validity and reliability of the checklist. Also, data analysis performed through using SPSS 19 software.

Findings indicated that the designed nutrition information systems did not have 80% of the main criteria including the ability to connect to the electronic medical record; the ability to provide warnings when drug-food interactions occur; and to provide food menus based on the patient’s treatment conditions.

Considering the importance of nutrition information system, it is necessary to equip our hospitals with this software system as a subsystem of HIS. The nutrition information system is a main solution to reduce and prevent patients’ exposure to nutritional problems and drug-food interactions. It causes to reduce medical errors and improve the quality of medical care.

820 km north of the Persian Gulf is often rocky, coral and sedimentary, suitable for deploying diverse groups of marine plants, including microalgae, macroalgae and Tracheophyta and is adjacent to 7 out of the total 10 counties in Bushehr province. The Marin plants are economically important not only as feed and fodder, but also are medicinally, industrially and pharmaceutically important. Sampling of coastal marine plants, from the vegetative to reproductive stages, was carried out for five years and seasonally. The collected samples of seagrasses and seaweeds were preserve in a 4% Formalin-seawater solution in glass containers and from the rest of the collected samples was made dry herbarium specimens. Identification of vascular plants, microalgae and macroalgae was done based on morphological (vegetative and reproductive) characters using different sources. In this study, a total of 45 families of marine plants were identified. The identified samples included 40 macroalgae families with 146 species of 71 genus, 2 microalgae families with 4 species of 4 genus and 3 families belonging to vascular plants (tracheophyta) with 3 species and 3 genus. Among the identified macroalgae, green macroalgae with 34 species had the lowest and red macroalgae with 73 species had the highest species richness. Maximum and minimum species diversity belonged to Sargaceae family with 23 species and Cladophoraceae family with 12 species. Overall, the aim of this project was to study marine floristic and coherent reference writing of marine plants grown on the tidal zones of Bushehr province coasts.

Marine green macroalgae are very important ecologically and strategically, especially in pharmaceuticals, food industries, agriculture, and phycoremediation. The natural habitat of green macroalgae in the coastal tide zones of Bushehr province is rocky and coral, and the most important reason is that macroalgae need a stable place to grow. Because of this, the macroalgae are not able to grow on sandy beaches. However, in parts of the sandy beaches pebbled to break waves, a small number of green macroalgae species have grown sparsely. The lack of a written reference on the diversity of species of green macroalgae growing in coastal tide zones of Bushehr province led to the collection of green seaweed species from seven counties adjacent to the coastline since 1996. The species diversity of 34 identified species of Chlorophyta in Deylam, Genaveh, Bushehr, Tangestan, Dayyer, Kangan, and Asaluyeh counties is 4, 7, 27, 12, 17, 13, and 15, respectively. Some of the reasons for species richness in Bushehr counties compared to other counties can be attributed to the greater area of rocky and coral habitats and the existence of a stable bed for its rhizoids attachment and growth of green macroalgae. The reasons for decreased species richness of green macroalgae in Deylam and Genaveh counties can be attributed to pollution from oil facilities of Imam Hassan and other facilities adjacent to Bushehr province, the entry of part of urban and industrial wastewater to the coast, and also sandy coasts.

Type2 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that results from deficiency of insulin secretion, becoming the third leading cause of death in the world. Reactive oxygen species result in extensive oxidative damage that in turn leads to serious damages in the cells including apoptosis and diabetic. Considering to side effect of synthetic medicines, there has been increased interest in using of natural medicines. In the present investigation, in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of methanolic, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of two macroalgae species Sargassum angostifolium and Palisada perforata from the Persian Gulf were analyzed. Algae samples collected from Persian Gulf coasts were extracted by Percolation method. -amylase inhibition activity of samples was analyzed using the DNSA method and also their antioxidant activity was analyzed using the ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP reducing activity methods. The ethyl acetate extracts of S. angostifolium and P. perforata showed the highest and lowest enzyme inhibition activity, respectively (P<0.05). Also the highest ABTS+ scavenging and FRAP reducing were observed in the ethyl acetate extracts of S. angostifolium and P. perforata, respectively (P<0.05). Generally, polar and semi polar extracts of two macroalgae species significantly showed the higher antioxidant activity comparing to their nonpolar extracts. Also S. angostifolium exhibited the highest activity in both free radical scavenging and -amylase inhibition assays. However, enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity of two edible studied algae revealed that these macroalgae species can be used directly in human diet and also indirectly in medical and pharmaceutical application.

Aims: Sargassum bovianum, Polycladia myrica, and Gracilariopsis persica can be used in aquatic diets due to their significant biomass and mass production capacity for artificial rearing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of marine macroalgae on growth performance and immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings.
The present experimental study was carried out on 210 rainbow trout fingerlings, which were randomly selected and cultured in Aquatic Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, in 2016. These fingerlings were placed in 7 experimental treatments, including a diet without marine macroalgae (control) and by replacing different marine macroalgae powder levels of 5% and 10% with wheat flour. Lindo 5.3 software was used to analyze food items and SPSS 20 software was used to analyze the data.
Findings: The lowest weight gain, the lowest growth factor, the lowest protein efficiency ratio, and the highest feed conversion ratio were in the treatment containing 10% Sargassum bovianum powder and it had a significant difference with other treatments. Condition factor (CF) was at the highest level in control treatment and no significant difference was observed between treatments. There was no significant difference in survival of different treatments. The highest level of serum lysozyme was in the treatment containing 5% Gracilariopsis persica powder and the highest serum hemolytic complement activity was in the treatment containing 5% Sargassum bovianum.
Gracilariopsis persica, Sargassum bovianum, and Polycladia myrica have no effect on the improvement of growth performance in rainbow trout fingerlings, Gracilariopsis persica and Sargassum bovianum have an impact on their immune response.

The nephrology professionals who need quick access to information on dialysis are satisfied using dialysis information systems. The Dialysis Information System (DIS) is a Dialysis data management system that has been designed to improve the performance of the dialysis wards.
In this research ,data collection was done using a checklist and questionnaire .Then ,the data was obtained from the survey on the status of dialysis patients ’information system ,analyzed using descriptive statistics ,and presented in the form of research findings.
The research findings indicate that currently there is no computerized information system on integrated dialysis patients in our country and the existing information systems are often semi-mechanized.
According to the necessity ,importance ,and the application of information related to dialysis patients ,in order to avoid errors ,decision making on a better treatment plan ,and the performance that leads to better outcomes for patients ,implementing a comprehensive and integrated information system for dialysis can be an effective step towards organizing information on dialysis patients ,improving the quality of medical services provided to them ,and providing necessary preventive measures .Therefore ,it will ultimately lead to improved public health.

Improvements in immune-suppressing drugs have a short-term effect on kidney ýtransplants but do not have much long-term effect. In order to increase the duration of kidney ýtransplant survival, understanding the significant parameters is of great importance. This study aims to ýidentify key parameters (before the transplant occurs) which affect kidney transplant survival. ý
To conduct this review, the scientific databases was searched and more ýthan 200 related titles were retrieved; and the abstracts were reviewed to determine which studies ýwere relevant to the study. The literature analysis was based on the goals of the studies themselves, ýthe number of citations, and the reliability of the sources cited. Ultimately, 60 studies included for ýfurther analysis. ý
Based on the frequency of each parameter which influenced graft survival, the following ýparameters were determined to have higher frequencies compared to other parameters, with regards to ýsurvival time of the kidney transplant: the ages of the donor and recipient, socioeconomic status, ýimmune-suppressing drugs, HLA matching, time on the waiting list, live or deceased donor, the decade ýin which the operation occurred, cold ischemia time, and reaction to antibiotics. ý
The influence of some of the kidney transplant survival parameters was acknowledged in ýthe majority of studies; however, some parameters have been the subject of disagreement among ýstudies. In order to resolve this issue, we suggest a search of international data and meta-analysis of ýcurrent literature to better understand the parameters of kidney transplant survival.ý Keywords: Kidney transplant, Kidney transplant survival, Factors affecting kidney transplant ýsurvival.ý

Nutritional, pharmaceutical, and healthcare properties of macroalgae are the most investigated subjects in macroalgae. In this study, nutritional and physicochemical properties of two important green macroalgae, Ulva intestinalis and Ulva linza, collected from the Persian Gulf, were investigated. In all analyses, we followed the reference methods with some modification. Results revealed that U. intestinalis contained higher protein content (15.79%) as compared with U. linza (9.90%) while U. linza had higher content of lipid (2.30%), ash (26.66%), phenol (2.16 mgGA/g) and flavonoid (11.7 mgQE/g) as compared with U. intestinalis with 1.98% lipid 22.50% ash, 1.02 mgGA/g phenol and 8.2 mgQE/g flavonoid. The two species did not show any significant differences about all analyzed compositions (P

Algae are the main producer in aquatic ecosystems of ocean and seas which cover 71 percent of the earth planet. These organisms are environmentally very important. Seaweeds also produce a large part of oxygen in the atmosphere. Sothern parts of Iran are bordered with coastlines of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea which have high valuable biological potential that marine seaweeds are one of the most important one among them. During recent years over than 347 species of marine algae have been recognized and reported from this area including 167 Rhodophyta, 79 Chlorophyta, 80 Phaeophyta, 15 Cyanophyta and 6 Diatoms. Some of these seaweeds show high productivity and can be cultivated in commercial scale that will result many job opportunities in Iran.

Introduction & Integrating various organizations and transplant activities chain is applicable by formation of National Transplant Network. These networks in America and England have characteristics that lead to coordination of transplantation activities in national level. Because of knowing these characteristics can help for developing countries, in current study are reviewed the dominant characteristics of said networks.
A literature search was carried out using ProQuest, PubMed, Scopos, and sciencedirect database and transplant related websites. The search strategy included keywords on America and England National Transplant Network, Architecture model, Transplant Organizations and Policies, Data and Database. The retrieved articles were then assessed for relevance and then were examined.
Most important characteristics include coordination amongst organizations of network and comprehensive coverage of transplantation services (content characteristics), and supervision of the highest health authority, creating policies at the national level, legal and financial supports of government, and powerful computerized infrastructure for data exchange (infrastructural characteristics).
According to goal-oriented architecture of National Transplant Network in America and England, and taking into account own health structure; developing countries should be considered forming of NTN as a national programme, and by integrating all organizations, also creating necessary infrastructures provide transplant services comprehensively.

Members of Polyphysaceae (Acetabulariaceae) are very beautiful and attractive unicellular plants which grow on coral reefs of the intertidal regions especially in tropical oceans and seas. In this study morphological features of some collected and identified species of the family from the Iranian seashores of Persian Gulf has been reported. Parvocaulis parvulus, Acetabularia caliculus and Parvocaulis clavatus are three identified species in the studied area which mainly collected from Hormozgan province seashores. Cap forms, number and form of rays, form of corona, hair scars and size of vegetative and reproductive parts of each species were studied after decalcification and results were presented in this paper.

Achieving the potential benefits of electronic health record (EHR) requires data interoperability. Interoperability of a summary record is more practical than a detailed record. Interoperability requirements include identification and development uniform and standard EHR structure. This study aimed to provide an architecture model for the summary record.
This was an applied and descriptive study. In this study, EHR standards and structural models were studied. After studying the standards, a structural model was designed in accordance with the summary record and health information management. Delphi technique was also used to consult informatics experts.
Content analysis and descriptive statistics were respectively used for preparation of the model and its validating. A proposed model was prepared based on integration of the Continuity of Care Document (CCD), Medical Markup Language (MML) and ISO 13606 [Electronic health record extract (EHR extract)] structural models and was accepted by experts.
It seems that merging the structural models of MML, CCD and standards of EHR extract can lead to designing a structural model for summary HER brief since these models have the potential of interoperability and mapping with each other. The designed model can also be a suitable framework for organizing and sharing the records across wide geographic area.

The pharmacy information system (PIS) is a subsystem of the hospital information system (HIS). In this study, the PIS implemented in hospitals affiliated with three medical universities in Tehran (Iran) were evaluated.
This applied study was conducted using descriptive method in 2015. The study sample included five PISs in hospitals affiliated with three medical universities in Tehran which were selected and evaluated according to the system suppliers. The data were collected through observation and using a checklist (addressing both general and specific criteria). The content validity of the checklist was approved by 6 experts in the field. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics.
With respect to the general features of the systems, only two systems were capable of restricting repeated attempts made for unauthorized access to the system. The evaluation of the specific criteria of the systems showed that no attention was paid to patient safety aspects. Furthermore, it was revealed that there was no connection between these systems and information systems of pharmaceutical companies.
Financial aspects were the main consideration when designing and producing PISs and little attention was paid to therapeutic criteria such as patient safety. Efficient and effective use of PISs requires the consideration of both general and specific aspects in the development of such systems.

In the age of information and knowledge, the necessity of using virtual reality techniques for teaching nursing knowledge and skills, considering the sensitive tasks of nurses, is not hidden from anyone. Simulation-based educational software with high realism and quality are notable strategies to limit the risks of nursing education based on traditional method that can improve patient safety and reduce medical errors. The present study aimed at analyzing the role of models, approaches and learning theories in the design and production of educational software based on virtual reality techniques and simulation in nursing.
For the purpose of the present systematic review, all articles which were published from 2000 to 2015, which were related to educational software based on virtual reality in nursing both in English and Farsi were analyzed. To search for the study, databases such as SID, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO Host, Irandoc, Iranmedex, Google Scholar and relevant journals were used by using key words including education, nursing, theories of learning, software, simulation-based, computer-based, virtual reality techniques, models and their combinations. Several steps were taken for selecting and analyzing the full text of these studies. And, the articles which qualitatively met the inclusion criteria were assessed by using the relevant checklists.
Of the 850 articles that were related to the use of educational software based on virtual reality techniques and simulation in nursing, 12 articles which were directly related to the purpose of the study were chosen for further analysis. Of the 12 articles, four articles considered learning as a cognitive phenomenon. Five articles had used Jefferies simulation model and principles of learning theories.
The study concludes that the educational centers for training skilled nurses need the educational software based on virtual reality techniques as an educational tool, it seems necessary to direct the purposes of simulators toward learning based on professional competence paradigm with the use of simulation models and learning theories.

The radiology management information systems (RMIS) are of particular importance in facilitating managers’ decision-making, controlling and planning roles. This research, hence, aimed to study the RMIS in hospitals affiliated to Tehran and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. This research was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. To conduct the study, the hospitals affiliated to Tehran and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences was classified into two groups, and random sampling was used to select hospitals from each group. In total, the sample of the study was composed of 21 hospitals. Data collection was conducted using observation and interview using a questionnaire and a checklist. The Validity of research tools was reassured using the method of content validity. The Reliability of questionnaire was checked using test-re-test method (r=0.89), and data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that a mixture of paper-based and computer-based methods was used in the majority of radiology management information systems (RMIS). The data related to equipment, were gathered with 27.8%- 44.4% and this was 16.6% -33.3% for administrative and financial data. The main sources used for data acquisition were hospital information system (HIS) in computer-based systems, master patient index (MPI) and patients’ insurance documents in paper-based systems. Among the reports prepared, financial reports and those for key indices had the lowest frequency. In all centers under study, the RMIS was integrated with hospital information systems, and integration with other systems reported as 16.7%-27.8%. Development and improvement of RMIS would be facilitated considering complete gathering of data related to personnel, equipment and financial affairs; accurate and complete data processing as well as appropriate distribution of information.

A literature search was carried out using Science Direct، Scirus and PubMed database. The search strategy included keywords on EMS، Pre-hospital Emergency Services، Ambulance Services، Information System، and Information. The retrieved articles were then assessed for relevance and then were examined.

In all 172 articles were identified. Of these 65 articles were found relevant. Minimum dataset of pre-hospital emergency information system included 51 elements in America and 28 elements in England. More comprehensive and analytical reports were being created in the America’s pre-hospital emergency care than those of in England. In addition، information management and communication systems were mainly electronic-based in America compared to England. In terms of people، software and hardware equipments involved in the management of information both systems were similar.

The effectiveness of pre-hospital emergency information system depends on the capabilities of the system، as well as its interoperability with other information systems. The pre-hospital emergency information system benefited from more capabilities in America compared to those in England، and this might be due to more robust information and communication technology infrastructures in America.

The necessary requirements of nursing information systems are nursing classification systems that they have been used for classifying of nursing diagnoses، interventions، and outcomes. But، it is important how these classification systems used in nursing information system. The aim of this study was application of classification systems in nursing classification systems. This study was an integrative review of literatures that web sites such as the Science Direct، CINAHL، Pubmed، Scirus and Google Scholar databases searched for key words: nursing، nursing classification systems، nursing information system، nursing documentation، and nursing informatics. 143 articles from 1998 to 2012 were founded. After the initial study، 42 articles were suitable for coating purposes of this study. The inclusion criteria were the relevancy of the articles to the objectives of the study. The content analysis and synthesis of the literature led to organizing this article. The most important applications of classification systems in nursing classification systems were the classifying of nursing-related entities، evidence based decision making، analyzing of the care patterns، building a theoretical body and improving the nursing knowledge. In addition، the classified information could be used for educating، researching، managing، and developing of care approaches and improving the nursing communications. Regarding Classification systems are essential for nursing classification systems should be considered needs of different nursing groups

Many species of Gracilaria and Gracilariopsis (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) are important rophyte algae in the world.Economic importance of agar in several industries have stimulated a number of biologists to earch for reliable means to identify agarophyte species as source of agar. In this investigation Gracilariaceae in southern coastlines of Iran was studied from 1999 to 2001. Algal samples were collected from intertidal regions of the area and herbarium specimens were prepared. Morphological and anatomical studies carried out on both of herbarium and wet ecimens. 13 species of Gracilaria and one species of Gracilariopsis were recognized from the tudied area. The most species diversity of Gracilaria is in Chabahar coastlines.