سیدصمد حسینی

Several factors are effective in the successful implementation of innovation and technology ecosystem policies as the main policy-making process in the development of provincial investment, and not paying attention to it has created many challenges for economic development and provincial investments. The purpose of this pathological research is the implementation of innovation and technology ecosystem policies in order to identify the most important obstacles in the direction of the development of provincial investments. The research method is qualitative in terms of practical purpose, in terms of collecting data and using thematic analysis technique. It is a purposeful sampling method with maximum diversity until reaching theoretical saturation. Based on the findings of the research, the barriers to the implementation of innovation and technology ecosystem policies are: the nature of policy making, collaborative barriers, inefficient executives, environmental barriers, support and implementation barriers, weakness in evaluation and monitoring, organizational barriers. Managers and policy makers can lead to economic development and investment by improving and removing the obstacles and harms of implementing innovation and technology policies and increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of programs.

Export is one of the key criteria for the internationalization of companies in various businesses, which plays a very important role in the life of companies. On the other hand, the complexity of conditions and the competitiveness of markets have led companies to take advantage of innovation capabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of innovation capability on the export performance of small and medium enterprises in East Azerbaijan province with the mediating role of social capital.

This research is an applied and quantitative study. Also, small and medium companies in East Azerbaijan province have been selected as the statistical population of this study. In this study, random sampling was performed. Data collection in this study was done through a questionnaire. To analyze and interpret the hypotheses, structural equation modeling method was used by SPSS23 and Amos23 software.

The results show that the ability to innovate directly affects social capital and export performance. Also, social capital has a positive effect on export performance. Finally, the mediating role of social capital between innovation capability and export performance was confirmed.

Small and medium enterprises can improve their competitiveness through social capital and lead to better competitiveness and increase the development and improvement of export performance.

Monitoring and tracing of heavy metals is necessary to compare with existing standards, regarding the input of various pollutant sources, including heavy metals into water resources and eventually accumulation in aquatic organisms. Lead and Cadmium in the fish of various sources of water supply (springs, rivers, wells, rivers and sea cages) in the east and west of the province. After drying and digestion of muscle samples in acidic solutions, the amount of lead and cadmium heavy metals was read using standard atomic absorption spectrometers in different lamps. A study on the mean amount of lead in different fields of salmon farming on the basis of water supply source showed that the amount of lead in the fish muscle of farmed farms with a source of water was much higher than other areas (967 mg/l) and farms in the cage the lowest 0.013 mg/l. The average of total fish lead in the province was 279 mg/kg, which is lower than the national and international standards. The amount of lead in the water supply sources of the studied farms was less than the virtual limit referred to in various sources. In the case of cadmium, the amounts in water and muscle were also negligible and were outside the detection range of the atomic absorption system, which indicates the health of water and fish in terms of cadmium. Comparison of heavy metal concentrations in Golestan province with other parts of the country showed that this amount was the lowest reported in the country, which indicates the health of Golestan province. Also, comparing the levels of Pb and Cd in salmon in the cages of Golestan province with similar values to other fish in the Golestan province showed that the amount of trout heavy metals was much lower and had a better health. The levels of lead and cadmium in water and fish was lower than all national and international standards and were below the maximum authorized limit, so no risk to these end-users is noticed by the final consumer.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of green human resource management on green innovation with the moderating role of green intellectual capital. This research is descriptive-survey in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of selected knowledge-based companies and a questionnaire was used to collect data and the structural equation method was used to analyze the research hypotheses. Also, SPSS and Smart PLS softwares were used to analyze the collected data. The results show that green human resource management has a direct and significant positive effect on green innovation as well as the components of this variable. Moreover, the moderating role of green intellectual capital in the relationship between green human resource management and green innovation was confirmed. Another result was that in examining the moderating role of components, only green human capital has moderated the relationship between green human resource management and green innovation. The results of this study show that by improving green human resource management, steps can be taken to develop green innovation of knowledge-based companies, which can be increased by increasing the potential of green intellectual capital of these companies.

Entrepreneurship, as an important phenomenon in the economy, plays an effective role in the economic development and progress of countries. From another perspective, in a dynamic economy, ideas, products and services are constantly changing, and in the meantime, the entrepreneur and entrepreneurial organizations are a good model for coping and adapting to new conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Senior Managers support for organizational entrepreneurship mediated by affective commitment. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population of this study are faculty members of Tabriz University in 2020. Also, by simple random sampling method, the opinions of 239 faculty members were used. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. Structural equations and SPSS23 and Amos23 software were used to analyze the data. Software output shows that the direct relationships between variables are significant. Also, the mediating role of affective commitment between the top management support and organizational entrepreneurship was confirmed. Findings of this study can play a significant role in improving the organizational culture of higher education environments and universities by increasing the management support of these organizations for entrepreneurship of their members, increasing affective commitment in them and thus achieving the goals of the organization.

Today, accepting social media as part of tourism and business has led to the success of most industries in the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the role of social media involvement and tie strength moderating in relationship between trust and visit intention in the tourism industry of Tabriz. In this area, the social commerce information seeking is also the priority of this review. The statistical population of this study is domestic and foreign tourists of Tabriz which was selected by simple random sampling from 263 tourists' opinions. The present study is quantitative and structural modeling is used to measure the relationship between variables. The results of the data analysis show that, apart from the role of tie strength moderation in the relationship between social commerce information seeking and visit intention, all relationships were meaningful and significant. This study shows that when people are more aware of the target media, trust in the media increases the number of visits to the target location.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between transformational leadership, psychological capital and job satisfaction regarding the mediating effects of work engagement among nurses in Tabriz hospitals. This study was conducted with a correlational method. Therefore, 302 people from the population of nurses in Tabriz hospitals were selected by purposeful method. Data were collected by Boyle et al.'s (2018) transformational leadership questionnaire, Dai et al.'s (2019) work engagement Scale, Kim et al.'s (2018) psychological capital inventory as well as Jensen et al.'s (2017) job satisfaction scale. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in Smart PLS software. Findings showed that work engagement could significantly mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and psychological capital with job satisfaction. Accordingly, transformational leadership psychological capital had a positive relationship with work engagement as well as with job satisfaction. These findings had practical implications and discussions of the implications of the study findings are presented.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of service quality variables and perceived fair price on customer satisfaction directly and indirectly through the company image. Based on theoretical and empirical background, the conceptual model of the research is formulated in four hypotheses. The statistical population is the users of the Irancell Company in Iran and Turkcell in Turkey, the sample was selected among them by simple random method. The sample size is 315 for Irancell Company and 295 for Turkcell Company. The data gathering tool was an electronic questionnaire and its content validity was confirmed by CVI and CVR methods. Also, its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that the quality of perceived service has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction either directly or indirectly and through the image of the company. The results also showed that fair price perception directly and positively affects customer satisfaction, but its indirect effect was not confirmed by the mediating role of the company's image. Finally, using T-test two independent samples, the average customer satisfaction was compared with Irancell's operators in Iran and Turkcell in Turkey. The results show that there is no significant difference in customer satisfaction with the services of these companies.

e effect of customer emotional attachment to the brand on the special value of social media brands with the mediating role of brand credibility and the role of adjusting the company's social responsibility in the time of Corona. The statistical population selected for this study was users of social networks in Iran. Using the available random sampling method, 520 questionnaires were collected electronically with a five-point Likert scale. Structural equation modeling and SPSS and Smart PLS software were used to test the research hypotheses and data analysis. The results of statistical data and structural equation modeling showed that the customer's emotional attachment to the brand does not directly affect the eigenvalue of social media brands. The results also showed that corporate social responsibility moderates the relationship between customer emotional attachment to the brand on brand equity and also the relationship between brand credibility and brand equity. Social media should make investments that help build an emotional connection with a social media brand, as well as focus on their social responsibility.

Background & Purpose:

Knowledge sharing is a prerequisite for the acquisition of competitive advantage and sustainable innovation. At the same time, the effective adaptability of an organization depends on the ability to adapt to all business elements such as the labor force. Hence, this study analyzed the effect of individual knowledge absorption capacity on knowledge sharing through the mediation of employee agility in the banking system.

This is an applied causal study, in which data were collected from the questionnaires distributed among 226 employees working at different bank branches in Tabriz. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) model was used for data analysis.

According to the software outputs, all direct relationships of variables are significant. Furthermore, employee agility mediates the relationship between individual knowledge absorption capacity and knowledge sharing.

Improving employee agility can affect the relationship between individual knowledge absorption capacity and knowledge sharing, help improve knowledge sharing among employees, and move towards better competitive advantages for banks.

One of the key issues for public agencies is the proper implementation of change strategy and organizational improvement programs, and middle managers, and especially the quality of their relationships, play a key role in implementing the strategy. The present study intends to investigate the impact of organizational justice, senior management support for change and participation in decision making on strategic commitment of middle managers. Data were analyzed using SPSS, AMOS 21 software and regression analysis. Findings show that there is a positive relationship between organizational justice and high quality relationships, and the presence of perceived organizational justice leads to high quality relationships, and commitment to organizational goals increases. Also, according to the results of this study, no specific relationship between senior management management and commitment to change was demonstrated without considering the ongoing role of high quality relationships. Findings can help managers understand the factors affecting commitment to change and assist them to build high quality relationships to achieve organizational goals.

The modern business theory addresses international trade and economic growth during the 1990s and focuses on technological progress and its external implications, as well as the use of new knowledge as a clear variable. Export Promotion Programs complete the information and knowledge of managers in the field of exports. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of export incentive programs on the export performance of international trading companies, directly and indirectly, with the mediator role of the attractiveness of foreign markets and the company's export capabilities. A total of 240 questionnaires of Iranian trading companies were collected by random sampling method. SEM modeling was used to test the hypotheses and analyze the data. The results showed that export incentive programs do not have a direct effect on the export performance of the company and its effect is through the perception of the attractiveness of foreign markets as well as the development of export capabilities of the company on the company's export performance. Also, the results show that the variable of export incentive programs, directly and indirectly, explains 66% of the variations in the export performance, which indicates the importance of export incentive programs to achieve superior export performance. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that programs in the field of encouraging business companies be given more importance to educational issues. Also, corporate executives should note that communication factors are considered as the most important factor in creating the export capability for major companies.

Considering the undeniable role of police officers and police commanders in promoting and developing the manpower of this force, their empowerment with a systematic and scientific viewpoint becomes more and more important. For this purpose, the present study aims at achieving a comprehensive model with a comprehensive and systematic approach in the field of empowerment of police and police commanders and managers. The present study is exploratory and interpretive and has a deductive approach. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods has been used. The statistical population of the study consisted of police commanders and educational managers. Sampling was done in both qualitative and quantitative sections using a judicious and purposeful sampling method. At qualitative stage 14, in the quantitative stage, 40 people were tested and 10 people were selected for interpretive structural modeling. After identifying the factors from the literature and finalizing them through interviewing the experts, the final list of factors was determined by questionnaire and binomial test. In the end, interactive structure modeling and Mick analysis were used to analyze the interactions between factors. 15 factors were identified as the main factors affecting the empowerment of police and police commanders. After analyzing structural modeling, factor interactions were achieved in six categories. Finally, by analyzing the factors, the factors were divided into four groups: autonomous, dependent, Linked and Independent. Based on research findings, focusing on factors that have a high impact on other factors can have a double impact on the empowerment of police and police training executives. In the meantime, the availability of adequate resources and the use of a reward system based on performance and motivational mechanisms have a great impact on empowerment that should be considered in management decisions and application of organizational policies.

Given the complexity of the ruling in organizations, currently knowledge management can be considered as a guide for management practices. Complicated conditions have caused sweeping changes in management of organizations, especially in hospitals, which should be responded to these changes. The knowledge-oriented leadership can be a good answer to these. So, the impact of knowledge-oriented leadership on knowledge management practices in public hospitals was the main objective of this research. This study was a descriptive survey, and an applied research by the objective, and according to the research goals that measure the effects of variables, it is a hypothetical-deductive type. Study population consisted of 631 health sectors of public hospitals in Tabriz. In this research, sampling was done by multi stage cluster method and the views of the managers of 169 health departments were used to collect data. Data analysis was conducted by structural equation modeling. Software outputs indicate a positive and significant impact between knowledge-oriented leadership and knowledge management practices. Also, knowledge-oriented leadership has the greatest impact on knowledge application. The results show that practices of creation, storage, transfer and application of knowledge management has strong relation with knowledge-oriented leadership. In other words, attention to existing knowledge will improve the knowledge of hospitals.

The research purpose, studying effect of Knowledge-based Human Resources Management on Innovation Performance through Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital Mediation, in export small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). To study research variables, structural equations modeling has been used. Also, mediator variables have been measured via Sobel test. This research is applied and quantitative. The data are gathered from the views of the managers of the 253 small and medium sized exporting companies. Data has been collected through field study via questionnaire. Content validity of questionnaire has been verified through validity index and content validity ratio. The results show the key role played by knowledge-based human resource management in terms of knowledge management, intellectual capital, and innovation performance promotion, in exporter SMEs. From among other results, reference could be made to effective mediator role of knowledge management and intellectual capital played in relation with knowledge-based human resource management and innovation performance. Also, knowledge management has played significant intermediary role between intellectual capital and innovation performance. In general, by increasing the level of knowledge of HRM in exporting companies, through knowledge management and intellectual capital, innovation performance can be improved.

Organizational performance improvement has always been a managerial priority with human resources playing a unique role in this context. This paper aims to analyze the effect of human resources management ambidexterity on organizational performance by considering the moderating role of information technology and mediating role of talent management.

This is an applied descriptive-correlational study, in which 281 managers of industrial departments were surveyed through a questionnaire for data collection. The partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was then used for data analysis.

Human resources management ambidexterity had a positive, significant effect on organizational performance. It was also confirmed that talent management had a mediating role in the relationship between human resources management ambidexterity and organizational performance. Moreover, information technology moderated the relationship between human resources management ambidexterity and talent management.

In the studied industrial departments, the implementation of information technology policies will affect organizational performance in the relationships between human resources management ambidexterity and talent management.

The main objective of this research is to investigate the comparative effect of knowledge management strategy on the service innovation performance in public and private hospitals through the mediating role of knowledge management practices. Drawing in knowledge management theory, all the organizations require a suitable knowledge management strategy to perform successfully. Therefore, this research focuses on this under-researched subject. This research benefits from quantitative and hypothetical-deductive approach. The sample of the research includes 852 therapy sections of both public and private hospitals in Tabriz. The data was collected via research questionnaire. The data has been analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) methodology. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between the knowledge management strategy and the knowledge management practices. Moreover, the mediating role of knowledge management practices was confirmed in the relationship between knowledge management strategy and service innovation performance in public and private hospitals.

Franchising is one of the dominant strategic methods for international strategies. In franchise method, the franchiser agrees for franchisee to use the franchisers brand, product, etc. in exchange of fees. This method is one of the key strategic methods (Leek and Christedoulides, 2014) for internationalization. The quality of relationship between the two business partners play a key role for franchising success. The quality of relationship has three dimensions including trust, commitment and satisfaction (Athanasopoulou, 2009). This research focuses on this important issue in international strategy. More specifically we will discuss the brand value, quality of relationship and brand citizenship behavior. According to the literature, the specific value of brand includes: quality of relationship, the brand image and the brand loyalty (Nyadzayo et al, 2016). The quality of relationship itself, has two dimensions including brand trust and commitment (Kim et al, 2002). The brand citizenship behavior includes seven dimensions namely, brand consideration, brand enthusiasm, sportsmanship, brand endorsement, self-development, and brand advancement (Nyadzayo, et al, 2016). Theoretical framework and literature review In this research we synthesized the literature and developed the conceptual framework of the research. Sehat et al (1393) in their research entitled “customer’s loyalty improvement, based on relational marketing” concluded that, enthusiasm in brand has strong impact on customer’s loyalty. Erkmen and Hancer (2014) investigated the role of trust in branding. Rezgani (1993) has also investigated the relationship between salesforces behavior and trust in marketing. Asadpoor (1392) also concluded that long-term compare to short-term relationship has meaningful effect on perception of brand and loyalty. Therefore, in this research we developed the following hypothesis: H1: Quality of relations has significant and positive effect on brand citizenship behavior. H2a: Brand citizenship behavior has positive and significant effect on value of relations. H2b: Brand citizenship behavior has positive effect on brand’s image. H2c: Brand citizenship behavior has positive effect on the brand’s commitment. H3: Brand’s citizenship behavior as mediating variable has positive effect on the relationship between quality of relations and special value of brand. H4: Franchise competence moderates the relationship between quality of relations and brand citizenship behavior components through behavior. H5: Duration of relationship moderates the relationship between quality of relations and brand citizenship behavior components through behavior.

This is an applied research using survey as research design. It is a quantitative research. The data has been collected using questionnaire. The sample has been drawn from the companies operating in home appliances manufacturing industry. In total 268 completed questionnaires have been collected. Prior to distribution of the questionnaires we conducted a pilot study. The face validity and content validity of the questionnaire have been tested. The internal consistent of the constructs have been verified by calculating Cronbach Alfa (quality of relations α= 0.71, brand’s citizenship behavior α= 0.89, special value of brand α= 0.90 and the franchiser’s competence α= 0.87). We conducted the data analysis in three levers. First, the descriptive analysis helped us to analyze variables individually to get a broad picture of the distribution of the data. Then we conducted bivariate analysis to test the correlation between the variables. Then we conducted multi-regression analysis using structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis.

The data has been analyzed in three levels. Descriptive analysis of the data revealed that most of the respondents were female. Majority of the respondents have had less than 6 years old. We have also found that most of the data for the measured variables were distributed normally. The association between variables have been measured using spearman rank-order correlation. All measured variables were associated significantly. We used factor analysis for testing the model of the research. The model test revealed that the SEM model was fit (RMSEA: 0.055, GFI: 0.886, PCLOSE: 0.175). We tested the hypotheses. The hypotheses one, the relationship between quality of relations and brand citizenship behavior was significant and positive. The relationship between the brand citizenship behavior and both quality of relation, brand image and brand commitment all were positive and significant. We also found significant relationship between all research variables.

The data analysis shows that quality of relations has significant effect on the brand citizenship behavior. It means that the agents those have better relations with their business partners have more autonomy to perform. They get more loyal to the franchiser. The agents pass this image of better quality of products and services to the customers. Trust is a key element in establishing good relationship between the franchiser and franchisees. It is concluded that to increase quality relationship in franchise strategic method, the firms should establish trust and become more loyal to the reciprocal relationships.

Abstract The Impact of Information technology resource and knowledge management capability on competitive advantage Nowadays, information technology has changed many aspects of everyday life of humans. The present century is the age of information and knowledge, and the information, knowledge and importance of these two are rapidly growing as sources of the organization. So, the organization's management has changed product management to knowledge and information management. In this research, the impact of three types of information technology resources and knowledge management capabilities on competitive advantage The statistical population of the research was small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Data were collected using a questionnaire survey with managers of SMEs. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Results showed that Information technology infrastructure and Information technology human resource positively affect knowledge management capability (KMC), which is positively related to competitive advantage. Keywords: Competitive advantage, Information technology resources, knowledge management capability

Application of functional ingredients like probiotics could be effective in promotiong of aquatic animals performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various levels of probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus on some serum biochemical and antioxidant factors of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following dietary lead poisoning. 375 trout fish were randomly divided into five groups in three replications. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were respectively fed with diets containing 5 × 106, 5 × 107 and 5 × 108 CFU / g probiotic bacteria from beginning to end of the experiment. Group 4 (control) was fed witha diet free of probiotic and lead. Group 5 was fed with probiotic-free diet for 45 days and then with a diet containing 500 μg / kg lead nitrate (for 21 days) to end of the experiment similar to probiotic-consuming treatments. Bleeding of fish was done on days 0, 45, 52, 59 and 66. The results showed that levels of glucose, phosphorus,ALP and SOD were significantly higher and cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower (p <0.05)in group 2 compared to control group after 45 days probiotic consumption. After lead exposure, LDH values on day 59 and ALP values in all days were significantly lower in group 2 compared to group 5 (p <0.05). Also, catalase and SOD levels were significantly higher in group 2 than group 5 on day 66 (p <0.05). The results of this study revealed that Lactobacillus acidophilus,as a probiotic,can be effective in improving the blood serum indices of trout before and after lead exposure. Also, level of 5 × 107 CFU / g of probiotic had a better effect on the serum parameters.

In aquaculture the fast growth, high feed efficiency and increased resistance against pathogens are favorable. One of the suitable approaches for improving the growth indices and resistance against pathogens is the application of probiotic bacteria. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nano/microencapsulated Lactobasillus bulgaricus by nano alginate/chitosan on the growth rate and feeding efficiency of great sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles. This experiment was conducted in a completely random design in four groups and group (5) with triplicate. 375 fish weighing (27.28±2.86 gr mean±SD), were randomly divided in to five equal groups in triplicates. The test groups were as follows: fish in T1 were fed with alginate/chitosan without bacterium, fish in T2 were fed with encapsulated bacteria with emulsification method, fish in T3 were fed with encapsulated bacteria with Ionicgelation method, fish in T4 were fed with only bacteria and control group. The fish were fed 3% of body weight per day. The results showed the highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was measured in T3 (1.64±0.11) and the lowest was observed in T4 (1.14±0.06).The highest values of SGR, PER, FER in T4 were seen among the treatments at days 30 and 60. According the result, nanoalginat/Chithosan used for encapsulation of probiotics can be lead to decrease in growth performance compared to the other treatments.

The positive effect of microencapsulation on tolerance simulated gastrointestinal conditions has been demonstrated by probiotics. The most important factors in reducing the viability of probiotics during passing through the digestive system are low pH in stomach and proteases and bile salts. To improve the survival rate of Lactobacillus plantarum in unfavorable condition of stomach and intestines, bacteria encapsulated with alginate/chitosan microencapsulation-emulsion. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of microencapsulation with alginate/chitosan to carry bacteria and the survival rate of bacteria in the simulated condition of gastrointestinal tract. The microcapsules SEM technique used to study the appearance and the Particle Size Analyzers microcapsules method used to determine the size and distribution of particles. The survival rate of microencapsulated bacteria and released one in simulated gastrointestinal condition were assayed. For this purpose, they were incubated with intervals of 0, 60, 120 minutes for 48 hours at 37 ° C. The results indicated that dpeak was calculated 10.4 µm by emulsification and the average particle diameter was 2.39 µm. Zeta potential value in this study was .2 mv. Number of microencapsulated bacteria was 2.02 ±0.06×109 CFU/g and viability of bacteria after 120 minutes in simulated condition, digestive uices in free bacteria was 1.59 ±0.09×109 CFU/g and in microencapsulated bacteria was 2.03 ±0.06×109 CFU/g. The results from this study indicated that among microencapsulated and free bacteria, live-stay and enduring the conditions simulated digestive uices in encapsulated bacteria were much higher.