شمس السادات زاهدی

Nowadays, business processes are key to success of each organization. It is therefore important to have a strong business process management approach to organizations. Business process management presents a systematic and systematic approach to the design, implementation and management of business processes by having numerous patterns that organizations need. Achieving the appropriate competitive position for a company is possible only with the help of a good business model. the aim of this study is to answer the question whether the dynamic model of the structure and business process can be formulated in the Gol Gohar mining and industrial company. In case of a positive response, how is this model? it is done.

to design a dynamic model of business structure and processes in Gol Gohar mining and industrial company using futures studies approach.

the present study is applicable in terms of purpose and is descriptive of the type of Causal-comparative research. first, by reviewing literature, the main variables of identification and their relationships with system thinking, system dynamics modeling, in the form of causal links in the Gol Gohar mining and industrial company, was formulated at a time horizon of 10 years, then simulated and simulated by designing the main model and in the form of flow stacking, Completed and simulated in Vensim software. after implementing the model and testing those variables as effective variable, then with the analysis of sensitivity and policy, the improved model was used to formulate the business process improvement scenarios.

The findings indicate that the improvement scenarios cause the business process more stable. the results of the implementation of these scenarios indicate a sustainable improvement in the business process. And the most appropriate solution to overcome the process problems of organizations is the use of a strong business process management system.

The results of this study reveal that the proposed dynamic model can be used as a strong and flexible method to simulate the structure and process of business in mines in order to find root causes of reducing interest and improving it.

Human resource motivation, along with knowledge and attitude, is one of the vital components for understanding behaviors. This understanding of the human resource motivation process requires a systematic approach. In this regard, Vroom's expectancy theory is an almost complete theory related to human resource motivation. The present study was conducted using qualitative research and thematic analysis methods of semi-structured interviews to identify the implications and antecedents of human resource motivation in the insurance industry using Vroom's expectancy theory. The statistical population of the study included 14 managers from the insurance industry. They were selected by non-probabilistic and snowball sampling methods.  The analysis of the extracted data was done by thematic analysis method in MAXQDA software. Accordingly, 82 indicators in the form of 12 sub-categories were identified. One of them is extrinsic motivation factors, including 4 dimensions of working conditions, sense of job security, opportunities for job progress and promotion, financial rewards, and financial and non-financial rewards given to human resources. Another component is intrinsic motivation factors, including 3 dimensions of diversity and challenges related to job skills and duties, positive feedback from managers and colleagues, and appreciation or punishment to motivate human resources. Interactive justice refers to justice in the relationship between human resources and the organization. Procedural justice is related to justice in the implementation of processes and organizational policies. Distributive justice is related to justice in the distribution of resources and rewards in the organization. Eleven primary categories include human resource motivation, innovation, performance in performing tasks, organizational silence, love of work, gender beliefs about the role in the organization, job burnout, perceived organizational support, attitude towards teamwork, organizational justice, and organizational supervision. Thus, by implementing the strategies presented in the research model, it is expected that the insurance industry will achieve a significant achievement in the field of human resource motivation.

The purpose of this research is to provide a model of factors affecting smart governance in the country. The research method is applicable in terms of purpose, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of its implementation, and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 28 university experts familiar with the subject, who were selected in a non-probability and judgmental manner. The statistical population in the quantitative part includes all the managers and experts working in South Khorasan governorate and Birjand city governorate of planning administration equal to 420 people, and the sample number was selected using Cochran's formula of 200 people. The sampling method in this section was done in a random stratified manner. A semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire taken from the qualitative section were used to collect information. In the qualitative part, the fuzzy Delphi method was used, and the data from the interviews were coded and analyzed in the three main stages of open coding; axial coding; and selective coding, and SmartPLS 3 software was used in the quantitative part of factor analysis, and SPSS 22 software was used for analysis. The results of the research in the qualitative part showed that three categories of background factors (equipment and infrastructure, required resources, information and communication technology, statistics and intelligent information, and formation platform), content (cyber security, strategy formulation, intelligent management and intelligent planning) and Structural (smart readiness, smart architecture, and smart administration) are effective on the formation of smart governance in the country. The results of the quantitative section showed that the model is of good quality.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is simulating human brain by computer systems. It combines computer science and datasets, to enable problem-solving and decision-making capabilities of the human mind. During the last decade, this technology has attracted lots of attention because it has been rapidly developed and applied to so many areas of human activities. It could respond to so many of daily questions efficiently, and also, perform tasks and duties that would require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, perception and problem-solving. AI technology can process large amount of data and these days is being used across different businesses and industries.                                                                                                                                                                Some of the advantages of AI are: ability to analyze data accurately and rapidly, promoting efficiency and productivity, save time, advise in different activities, such as management, finance, banking, marketing, health, transportation, and security affairs. Of course AI has some disadvantages, such as: job displacements, ethical concerns about people privacy, biased programming, accelerated hacking, terrorism, destroying cyber security, misuse of personal data and biometric information.                                                                                                                           In order to avoid the negative consequences of artificial intelligence, AI should be developed and used in an ethical manner. Different countries and global institutions should try to combine its scientific capacity with ethical norms and principles effectively.

This article seeks to identify those human resource management packages that during the economic crisis, in addition to maintaining organizational performance, can guarantee the improvement of the well-being of employees who are in charge of complex or simple and structured jobs in the early stages of their career path.
This research was carried out using the qualitative-exploratory research design and the purposeful sampling method. Simply put, after reviewing and analyzing the content of the literature related to human resource management and identifying welfare-oriented human resource management policies and measures, 14 human resource management professors from Iranian universities during different Delphi rounds, human resource measures aligned with each of the human resource packages defined in this research have been evaluated and identified.
The findings from the data analysis show that more than 85% of the human resources professionals have a consensus on the packages of "Internship in simple and structured jobs", "Internship in complex jobs", "Self-sufficiency in simple and structured jobs" and "Self-sufficiency in complex jobs" that consist of 33, 33, 46, and 60 measures (indicators) and seven human resource policies, respectively.
Since the measures that make up the human resource management packages defined in the above research, in addition to internal compatibility, are in line with the variables affecting employee well-being (level of job complexity, early stages of the career path, and economic crisis), can act in line with the logic of the "mutual benefits" approach and guarantee the well-being of employees

The purpose of this research is to understand the women working in the public sector about the organizational climate in the path of employment and promotion. According to its purpose, the research method is applied, and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative, of thematic analysis type, and in terms of its nature, it is fundamental and descriptive. The statistical population of the research includes 14 women working in the central bank, and the sampling was done in a purposeful and snowball manner, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. For data analysis, MAXQDA 2020 software was used for coding. The results show that 60 themes as basic themes, 15 organizing themes (unsupportive environment, positive organizational climate, bee syndrome, legal gap, empowerment, lack of protective laws, discriminatory structure of recruitment and promotion, gender bias, hierarchical relationship, etc.) work, incompatibility of job structure and family obligations, measuring productivity, job identity, individual characteristics, women's needs) and finally after comparing and analyzing the themes of the organizer, 3 main categories under the title of inclusive themes (ruling atmosphere from women's point of view, possibility Employment in the middle to upper level, women's belief about career advancement) was identified and finally, the model of public sector working women's understanding of the organizational climate in the path of employment and promotion was identified.

Public services from a new perspective emphasize the participation of citizens in the governance process. The government's duty in this regard is to create a safe and suitable environment that enables citizens to participate effectively with efficient infrastructure. The progress made in the field of science and technology has provided favorable conditions for cooperation between governments and societies, and it has facilitated the automatic exchange of information between organizations and social systems. The emergence and expansion of virtual organizations is one of the realities of today's world. These organizations can communicate with each other across spatial, temporal, and cultural boundaries through information and communication networks. They have flexibility and exchange their knowledge and skills to achieve common goals. Many countries have realized the capacity and significance of virtual organizations and their social impacts and have realized the necessity of creating and supporting them. The effective and efficient management of these organizations requires special management skills. The method of systematic review of available sources was used in this article. At the end of the article, practical solutions and recommendations were presented.

The purpose of this research is to identify the job preferences of the fourth generation employees, the dimensions, components and characteristics of the fourth generation human resources management specific to this generation and to prioritize the recognition of these preferences for the organization's leaders and human resource managers in the organization. It is of vital importance. In terms of results, this research is considered to be a developmental research, in terms of its purpose,it is an applied research. The indicators related to the fourth generation management of human resources in Iran's government organizations were identified and prioritized based on Delphi analysis and then based on structural-interpretive analysis. The value system factor was placed in the autonomy variable group,it was also determined that indicators such as payment system, job promotion, and communication system are included in the group of dependent variables, and leadership style indicators and feedback system are in the group. The independent variables are placed. Based on the results of this research, the payment system and the feedback system are among the most important motivational factors of the fourth generation of human resources, which managers should consider in designing and establishing a management model and an effective leadership style

Green management, is an emerging phenomenon that has entered into the management literature when theories of economic growth and development were evolving. This new concept is based on sustainable development, and recently has become one of the major concerns in organizational studies. This paper is aimed at presenting a green management model for Iran's public organizations.  It is assumed that the green management helps to reduce costs, change the consumption pattern, raise the optimal allocation of resources and reduce waste, all requirements  to improve the environment. The persons who    were interviewed in this research, consisted of 12 experts  in the field of green management who were expert managers of Iran’s Environment Organization and university professors.  They had been selected on a purposive Sampling method. Data was collected via 12 texts of expert’s opinions. We analyzed the texts using MAXQDA software and thematic analysis method. As a result of data analysis, 313 non-repetitive codes were identified, including 31 basic, 14 organizing and 3 inclusive themes. For reliability of the findings we used Guba and Lincoln's four criteria. The research result that is presented in a three-dimensional model, includes structural themes (management dimension), contextual themes (behavioral dimension) and contextual themes (environmental dimension). The interpretation and analysis of the research data showed "redefinition of values and green policymaking through discourse in the field of water, energy, equipment and waste", "Adherence to the social responsibility of the organization inspired by the style of the top managers of the organization" and "paying more attention to the social and value dimension of society" will be a facilitator in implementation of green management in the  Iranian  public organizations

The current research aims to provide a smart governance model with a focus on the development and training of human resources in the public sector. The research method is applicable according to the purpose, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) according to the type of data. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research consisted of 15 academic experts and experts in the field of information and communication technology in the Ministry of Interior and managers of the South Khorasan Governorate who were familiar with the subject, which was selected in a non-probabilistic and judgmental way, and the required information was collected from them with the method of content analyzing. The statistical community in the quantitative part of the research includes managers and experts working in the management and planning department of administrative automation planning in the number of 246 people, of which 150 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula. Further, in line with the validation of the research model, a research questionnaire was designed and distributed in a stratified random method among 150 managers and experts working in the management and planning department of administrative automation. Smart PLS 2 software was used in order to analyze the data. The results showed that all the components of smart governance in the public sector were identified and their significance was confirmed in the research; and by examining themes, concepts and quantitative and qualitative research; the smart governance model was explained with a focus on the development and training of human resources in the public sector.

Today, sexual health and providing the context for its realization has become a discourse and a sustainable goal in development, which has been pushed to the center of attention of politicians, experts, and researchers due to the problems arising from the unfavorable global conditions in this field.

This research aimed to identify and stratify psychological, cultural, and social factors on sexual health based on the interpretive structural equation model.

This research was carried out in a descriptive survey, in the first part, the dimensions and components related to stable sexual health were calculated and in the second part, the evaluation and leveling of these components were done. In the content analysis section, the society and the research environment are all first-hand and second-hand sources, including books, articles, specialized sites, upstream documents, pamphlets, and publications, which were of interest to the researcher to study the factors of sexual health development. In the stratification section, the statistical population consisted of all experts in the field of studies related to sexual health education, sex education, education, and family psychology, and 16 people were selected as a statistical sample using the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool in the content analysis section was the content analysis worksheets of the first and second sources in line with the research objectives and their classification. In the stratification section, in order to determine the cause and effect of the extracted factors and their stratification, a questionnaire was created by the researcher. Which was designed based on the ISM model, was used, and in order to analyze the data, the interpretive structural modeling approach was used to provide a model of sustainable sexual health development factors.

The results showed the recognition of sexual rights, respect for sexual rights, education of cultural and social values in this field, respect for cultural differences under the title of cultural and social factors; Teaching the expression of sexual tendencies in childhood, teaching issues related to the growth and needs of adolescents, raising awareness of sexual development in adolescence, strengthening sexual identity, building self-confidence, and teaching healthy reproductive issues under the heading of psychological factors were prioritized.

Achieving sexual health requires continuous education since childhood, which should be done sustainably, and it is necessary to achieve this kind of health education and empowerment of children in the psychological, cultural, and social fields

The purpose of this study is investigating the cause and effect relationship between the factors affecting the development of ecotourism in Yazd city using descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population included experts in the tourism and ecotourism industry of Yazd city who were selected using purposive sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the measurement tool was 0.7. The novelty of the research is to determine the causal relationships between the factors affecting the development of ecotourism using the DEMATEL approach in Yazd city. The results show that the factors influencing in development of ecotourism in Yazd city is including Appropriate planning and management, Education and training manpower in the field of ecotourism, The direct supervision of the government and institutions active in the field of ecotourism, existence of experts fluent in the living languages of the world along with tourist attractions, culturization tourism development and promotion of culture tourism to citizens (host society), Trying to improve security in the region and enact environmental laws to intensify charges and impose more restrictions.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the sociological relationships between the characteristics of the fourth generation of human resources (anti-generation) in the workplace. FUZZY DEMATEL (FUZZY DEMATEL) Fuzzy Dimethole Intermediate Relationships The extracted features are measured in terms of impact and effectiveness as well as causal relationships between the components. Thirteen features are extracted for the fourth generation of human resources. Feedback and pragmatism variables have the most impact on other characteristics of the fourth generation of human resources and the two characteristics of communication with social media and pragmatism have the most impact than other characteristics. They interact with other characteristics of the fourth generation of human resources. Assessing the cause-and-effect relationships between variables revealed that the components with high expectations, technology-based, load-oriented, skill-oriented and pragmatic as five important and key causal characteristics in management and Leadership is the fourth generation of human resources.of human resources

Retirement occurs at a stage of the life cycle when the capacity of people to adapt to new life conditions is limited. When a person's retirement is planned for him, he will face it easily, in this regard, one of the measures that can be taken by organizations is to empower the employees who are about to retire. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to identify the mechanisms of empowering employees on the verge of retirement and the relationships between them, and finally provide a model of empowering employees on the verge of retirement in Iran's electricity industry. Considering the nature of the subject, the present research was conducted using qualitative method with Grounded theory. The data was analyzed after interviewing 14 experts of the electricity industry who were selected by snowball sampling method, and a total of 357 codes, 70 concepts and 18 categories were identified. After open coding, from the analysis of qualitative data, a axial coding paradigm was formulated, based on which, the line of communication between research categories including causal conditions (preparing the individual and the organization to face the retirement period), the core category (implementation of employee empowerment programs about to retire), context conditions (promoting factors of employee empowerment on the verge of retirement), intervening conditions (inhibiting factors of employee empowerment on the verge of retirement), strategies of empowering people on the verge of retirement and consequences were identified. In the following, based on selective coding, components of qualitative research model were described.

The prevailing impression is that mass tourism and alternative tourism are polar opposites. Zero-one thinking has led to a complete rejection of mass tourism in favor of the other. We argue that this is just another overly simplistic stance towards the sustainable development of tourism. With focusing on sustainability aspects of mass tourism, we are, realistically, seeing the glass as half full rather than half empty and stressing the need to improve the sustainability of mass tourism. We used the meta-synthesis technique and thematic analysis to identify the philosophical foundations for reinforcement sustainability of mass tourism, trying to answer two fundamental questions, "what is it" and "why it is important". 704 basic codes, 79 basic themes, and 37 organizing themes were classified into 8 global themes. For the "what is sustainable mass tourism” question, five global themes of “sustainability as a continuum”, “sustainability as a comprehensive concept”, "theoretical roots of sustainable mass tourism formation", "small scale tourism development model does not have priority over large scale model and vice versa", "convergence or divergence of mass and alternative tourism" and for the "why it is important" question, three global themes of "increasing growth of tourism simultaneously on supply and demand sides", "reasons for re-considering mass tourism", and "limitations of the alternative tourism model" were identified. We argue that explaining foundations of sustainability in mass tourism, would change the prevailing impression of tourism academics and planners about the relationship between sustainability and mass tourism and reveals its hidden potentials.

The purpose of this study was to examine and identify the perceptions of employees on the eve of retirement of the electricity industry about retirement to achieve a deeper understanding. Accordingly, using Zaltman's metaphorical extraction technique, the cognitive structures of employees have been studied and analyzed. The study participants were 12 people and were selected among the employees on the verge of retirement in the electricity industry using the concept sampling method. Then individuals were asked to select images for the interview session that they considered to mean retirement. In the interview session, questions related to the images were asked and then the answers were analyzed in order to discover the concepts. A total of sixteen structures were extracted, including "inevitable", "starting again", "fear and excitement of entering a new life challenge", "separation from work and loss of role", "rest, discovery and pursuit of individual interests", "Freedom and release from the cage" and "Emotional deprivation" were identified as the main structures in the consensus plan. According to the consensus plan, "start again", "separation from work and lack of role" and "inevitable", causal structures, "emotional deprivation", "fear and excitement of entering a new life challenge" and "rest, discovery and pursuit of individual interests" were considered as affected structures. The consensus map shows that the organization should take into account the relationships between structures, while strengthening the positive mentalities, change the negative mentalities of employees on the verge of retirement, and repair the retirement challenges associated with it.

The purpose of this study is to identify the mentality of electricity industry employees about empowering retiring workers. This research is an applied one in terms of purpose and a descriptive one in terms of method and a mixed one (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data collection and analysis. A total of 24 participants were selected among the employees of the electricity industry using the concept sampling method. Structured interview tools and Q table were used to collect data. In the qualitative section, by conducting structured interviews with participants, different views were extracted on the empowerment of retiring employees. Then, in the quantitative part, by completing the Q tables using factor analysis, the mental understanding of the individuals in each group was identified, analyzed and examined. The results of this study indicate the existence of six distinct mental models toward retiring employees, including "Fans of psychological solutions", "Believers in paving the way for empowerment", "Optimistic about capabilities and abilities ", "Supporters of removing individual and social barriers", "Critics of organizational and governmental barriers" and "Advocates of creating opportunities", and each mindset has different concepts and characteristics.

During the last decades, measurable improvements have occurred in women conditions in Iran. Some of the areas of improvements are: Women’s life expectancy and literacy rate, acceptance at universities, and rise of gender-adjusted index of human development. However, their representation in university management and leadership has not caught up proportionately and has been constantly very low.
 
A longitudinal study has been conducted in three large universities in Iran: Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, and Allameh Tabataba’i Universities. The findings of this cross-sectional research, in 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021 reveal that during the past three decades, this deficiency has been a continuous trend in our universities. This means that women presence in managerial and leading positions is very low.
 
The article ends up with some suggestions in order to improve women situation in Iran universities.

Due to the crucial role of technology in competitiveness and economic growth, the technological capability assessment has been paid attention to by countries in recent years. Applying technology to gain competitive advantage, knowledge, and recognizing the firm's technological capability is one of the most important key factors in success. Introduction  Technological needs assessment is a tool to assess the capabilities required to implement technological priorities. The technology-oriented hospitality industry is one of the important and strategic industries in the world. Materials and methods This study aimed to prioritize technological capability assessment indicators to assess technological capabilities and develop a strategy for the Parsian Chain Hotels. The current research identifies and prioritizes appropriate technological capability assessment indicators according to the hospitality industry due to the importance of assessing technological capabilities and strategy formulation and their relation. Discussion and results  The results of this prioritization helped to develop future policies for this hotel. In this regard, according to the literature review, 32 indicators have been identified. According to the mentioned 32 indicators and validity confirmation by experts, 80 questionnaires have been collected after designing the questionnaire. Conclusions  After the confidence of questionnaire reliability by Cronbach's alpha test, exploratory factor analysis has been done, and 31 indicators in the shape of 8 factors have been classified and prioritized.

The dynamic tourism industry is an important tool for spatial development due to its high potential in offering employment opportunities and attracting capital. Therefore, the knowledge of tourism is important for economic dynamism and development at different scales. Heritage tourism is a kind of urban tourism, and the spatial strategic planning of heritage tourism is a coordinating process between internal resources and external opportunities of the region. Its purpose is to look through the strategic space viewpoint and determine the opportunities that can benefit the region. However, it has not been considered in the tourism planning policies of Tehran metropolis. In this regard, all available capacities and assets of Tehran in heritage tourism and culture through spatial linkages are not integrated, and there are no clear strategies for planning in this area. Meanwhile, Tehran has magnificent valuable historical and cultural monuments and has several thousand years of historical civilization and cultural support. This issue shows the importance of developing heritage tourism planning in Tehran. Optimal utilization of all capacities in a transparent, long-term, and sustainable framework based on an efficient strategic plan can play an important role in advancing the tourism development goals in Tehran and its introduction in the regional, national and global arenas. Due to the importance of the subject, this study aims to analyze the strategies proposed in the sustainable spatial, strategic plan of heritage tourism in Tehran and provide a model of strategic tourism planning.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is mixed in terms of methodology. The required information and data were collected by documentary-bibliographic and field observation methods. In this study, in order to enumerate research strategies in the strategic tourism planning model, a legacy of available resources has been documented. The strategies identified by ten professors and Ph.D. students who have studied in the field of heritage tourism and are aware of the subject and environment of the study area were modified and, after saturating the opinion of experts on the comprehensiveness of the strategies, were selected as the final research strategies. After the strategy selection process, the multi-criteria decision making method and the SWARA method have been used to weigh and measure the importance of the strategies.

In the present study, based on experts’ opinions, four main factors and 28 strategies were introduced. Based on the research findings, these main strategies did not work in the same way in terms of their importance in the presented model. Among these, the strategy of laws with a final weight of 2.37 is the most important factor. Planning and management strategies and social strategies with 1.95 and 1.70 were in the second and third priority, respectively. Finally, the economic strategy with a final weight of 1.59 was identified as the least important strategy. The most important strategies among heritage tourism planning strategies in Tehran include providing incentive packages for the repair and restoration of historic buildings by the government with a final weight of 0.56 among the strategies of the laws, the strategy of supporting job creation and increasing public income at the local community level with a final weight of 0.36; economic strategies; the strategy of protection of buildings and historical monuments with a final weight of 0.49; planning strategies and management, and the strategy of preventing damage to indigenous culture due to frequent encounters of tourists with different cultures with a weight of 0.42. Consequently, based on the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of research strategies and using theoretical foundations, and understanding the current situation of the study area, a suitable model of strategic planning of heritage tourism is presented.

According to the research findings and the strategic planning model of heritage tourism in Tehran, the most important factors affecting heritage tourism planning in Tehran are laws and regulations, management and planning, and social and economic factors, respectively. Each of these main factors is achieved through strategies. Obviously, addressing each of these strategies is essential for achieving the desired planning pattern, and simply paying attention to one without considering the other makes it difficult to understand the pattern. Suppose we follow the theoretical and empirical hierarchy of research. In that case, having an appropriate model of strategic planning to achieve sustainable development of heritage tourism becomes clear. Based on the results, the heritage tourism planning process using the following model includes several basic steps such as determining the factors of executive considerations in the field of laws and regulations and planning and management and environmental monitoring of the study area in terms of socio-economic effects of tourism on the host society. In this regard, the main factors of planning have been selected, and executive strategies have been presented in line with each factor. The first step in this model is to determine the strategies of laws and regulations related to historical attractions and then plan and manage them properly using the defined strategies and implement these strategies by applying techniques and strategies to measure and analyze the social and economic effects of tourism development. Drawing this pattern determines how heritage tourism can move towards a better future. Finally, it can be concluded that Tehran city, due to its many capabilities and attractions, valuable historical monuments and political-administrative position, and its capital, can become a suitable context for tourists and become a heritage tourism hub of the country and the region with proper planning.

Development is a multi- faced process with interconnected pillars. In order to be successful, development strategies need a shift in their priorities in an integrated and harmonious manner. Now is time to reconsider the previous policies and make the necessary changes in the managerial and developmental policies all over the world. Corona pandemic once more emphasized on the importance of government role in managing people and societies. Governments should reconsider their strategies and instead of trying to rule over others, try to cooperate with others and benefit from the results. Covid19- showed that the destiny of different countries are deeply inter-related to each other and their collaboration is seriously and desperately needed. Rich countries should help the poor countries in different aspects: scientific, technological, economic, ecological, and whatever that matters in the sustainable development process.

In this paper, while investigating the issue of women's lack of promotion, a systematic review of the research on the identification of barriers to women's promotion to the levels of management in Iranian governmental organizations was analyzed. Using the qualitative meta - analysis method and purposive sampling 32, research papers have been reviewed during the period from 2001 to 2017.The results show that there are significant changes in the prioritization of women's promotion barriers. In the 1980s, most studies have identified family - personal barriers as the main barrier to women's promotion to management levels. But in the next research, in addition to changing in priorities, a new barrier has also been added to the promotion barriers. The findings categorize women's promotion barriers into four broad categories and prioritize them as follows. Cultural - social barriers (gender stereotypes, domination of patriarchal culture and cultura stereotypes).Political barriers (the absence of women in power rings, the absence of women in political parties and political groups, the inability of women in lobbying).Organizational barriers (organization's lack of trust in women, management perceived as a right and a male work, the absence of women in informal communication networks).And finally, individual - family barriers (women's lack of self - esteem، lack of motivation for advancement in women, and greater responsibility of women towards the family).

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and social support with entrepreneurship in female employees in National South Oil Company (NLSOC). The sample included 154 subjects who were selected based on stratified random sampling. The research was designed as correlative one. For the measurement of the variables, Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998) Social Capital Questionnaire, and Nakouei et al (2014) Social Support Questionnaire and Kuratko and Goldsby (1993) Entrepreneurship Questionnaire were used. To analyze data; Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression (P < 0/0001) were employed as statistical methods. The results revealed that there was significant positive relationship between social capital and social support with entrepreneurship in Female employees in National South Oil Company (0/0001). The analysis also regression showed that social support and emotional support were significant predictive variables concerned to entrepreneurship.

Today, such issues as recruitment, retention, and promotion of experts in governmental organizations, with the purpose of increasing productivity of the workforce and, ultimately, of the organization have led the organizations to revise their management models and to make use of new approaches and management strategies. Meantime, one of the most effective processes in human resources management is empowerment. The main aim of this study is to identify women's empowerment constraints in Iranian governmental organizations. These constraints were survyed according to various theories such as power, human capital, gender analysis etc, and were classified and measured according to the three ramifications model in three dimensions of context, structure, and behavior. At the end, the conceptual and analytical patterns of the research were provided. The method of data collec 􀆟on in this research was descrip􀆟 ve survey. 385 people were selected from the statistical community of working women in Iranian governmental organizations, with simple random sampling method. To collect data and measure the dimensions of the restric 􀆟ons, a ques􀆟 onnaire with reliability of 84/4% was built. To measure the validity, the Delphi Technique was used; to determine the characteristics of the respondents, descriptive statistics was used; and to examin the impact of the constraints and the degree of importance for each of them in the empowerment of women, the inference statistics was used. Goodness of fit index expresses the appropriateness of the measurement model with dimensions of constraints. The results indicated that all three constraints categories identified affect women's empowerment. In terms of the degree of importance, social and cultural constraints (weigh 􀆟ng 0.37) are in the first place, individual and behavioral constraints (weigh􀆟 ng 0.33) are in the second rank, and structural and organiza 􀆟onal constraints(weigh􀆟 ng 0.28) are in the third place. Based on the findings of the study, it is suggested that the managers and the policymakers pay specific attention to the social, cultural and other constraints of working women in managerial positions in order to empower them and facilitate their promotion. Such studies can be used to improve the human resources productivity and, ultimately, that of the organization.