علی شریف زاده

 Cancer is considered one of the most significant causes of death worldwide. Probiotics are living microbes that play a significant role in protecting the host in various ways. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum cell extract and supernatants as probiotic bacteria on the Adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cell line and analysis of Fas, P53, and Bcl2 gene expression.

In this experimental study, the cell extract of heat-killed and supernatants Bifidobacterium bifidum was prepared. The cytotoxicity of cell extract and supernatants on AGS cell lines was evaluated in 24, 48, and 72 hours using a cytotoxicity assay. Moreover, the P53, Bcl2, and Fas apoptosis gene expression levels in the Adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cell line were analyzed using a molecular assay. The collected data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA analysis with the Graph Pad Prism V.8 at the level of significance less than 0.05.

Supernatant (pH = 6), then supernatant (pH = 4), and then cell extracts of Bifidobacterium bifidum were able to reduce the survival rate of the AGS cell line in 48 and 72 hours. The results of gene expression by molecular method also showed an increase in Fas and P53 gene expression (p < 0.05) and a decrease in Bcl2 gene expression (p < 0.05) in the adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cell line compared to the reference GAPDH gene expression after 72 hours.

Supernatant of Bifidobacterium bifidum with, respectively, pH = 6 and pH = 4, could induce apoptosis in the Adenocarcinoma gastric cancer cell line. So, it seems that Bifidobacterium bifidum has potential uses as a probiotic for pharmaceutical applications, including the prevention of gastric cancer.

The Middle-East, known-to-be the birthplace for animal domestication, is among the few remained geographical theaters in the world where glanders-stricken solipede and human cases are still reported. In the Persian environment with some 60 years of maleination test history in its horse, mule and donkey populations, mini or midi outbreaks of glanders are seen now and then mostly in the Western and central regions. This work was aimed to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic properties of the most recently-collected isolates of Burkholderia mallei in Iran (A tiger sample and 3 horse samples). Bacterial culture, Biochemical tests, complement fixation test and Western blot, Flip 407-PCR, Bim A-PCR and also Strauss reaction tests were included in the assessment. The results obtained from experiments conducted on four isolates from Tehran, Kordan, Oshnavieh and Semirum outbreaks, displayed the expected characteristics of B. mallei. Whether our isolates of interest represent the local/regional population(s) of B. mallei, we assume further molecular epidemiology studies will enable us to address.

 Gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori is one of the common diseases in humans, which is transmitted through eating and drinking. This bacterium has the ability to settle in the stomach of some animal species, including dogs and cats. In some cases, the carrier animals are the source of infection for humans. The present study aimed to assess the amount of Helicobacter pylori infection in people having contact with pets, and the pets themselves in Isfahan.

 To dis end, 115 fecal samples were taken from the owners of domestic dogs and cats and microbial culture and polymerase chain reaction tests were performed to identify Helicobacter pylori.

The results indicated that 36% of domestic dog owners, 80% of domestic cat owners, and 8% of dogs themselves were infected. In addition, no positive cases of infection were observed in cats. In the chi square test (Pearson's test), the infection of domestic dogs and cats showed a significant relationship with the infection of their owners (P<0.05).

The relatively significant infection of dogs to Helicobacter pylori and the possibility of its transmission to humans makes the observation of health care more important more than ever.

Recombinant probiotics are increasingly acting as carriers for the expression and targeted delivery of recombinant or natural molecules to mucosal surfaces in nutrition and health. Probiotics-mediated delivery systems eliminate the need to purify molecules to a large extent and make it possible to deliver molecules to the mucosa. The concept of biological medicine is the oral administration of living recombinant microorganisms for the prevention or treatment of various diseases. Lactococcus lactis is a gram-positive bacterium from the group of lactic acid bacteria. Lactococcus lactis has been used for centuries in food fermentation, especially cheese, yogurt, sauerkraut and the like. Therefore, it is generally recognized as a safe situation by the Food and Drug Organization. In this review article, review articles related to lactococcus and its wide application in oral vaccine production from 1998 to 2020 were collected. Accordingly, the following databases were searched. Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The keywords used in this study included "immunity, Lactococcus lactis and vaccine". Lactococcus lactis is generally recognized as safe and can be widely used in the food industry. Live recombinant Lactococcus lactis, as a biological drug, is administered orally as a live vaccine that expresses viral and bacterial antigens.

Campylobacter bacteria is the main cause of campylobacteriosis disease in human and animals. Pet animals include dogs and cats may be carriers of contamination and transmitted bacteria without clinical symptoms.considering the increasing desire of people to keep dogs and cats at home,the purpose of this research was to determine the frequency of campylobacter infection in pets and their owners. In this research,122 feces samples of pets and owners analyzed with microbial and molecular methods. In the microbial method,the frequency of campylobacter infection in cats and dogs was derermined to be8 and 12% respectively, and the molecular method,determined to be 36 and 44%. In the owners of pets,the frequency of infection was determined to be 20 and 32%respectively,while campylobacter infection was not observed in people unrelated to pets.Campylobacter jejuni was the most common species in all case of campylobacter infection.the result of the chi square test(pearson test)showed a significant relationship between the infection of pets and infection oftheir owners(p<0.01 ).Finally,due to the significant frequency of campylobacter infection in pets and considering the role they can play for the health of human societies periodic test of very important.

Spirulina is a filamentous photosynthesizing cyanobacterium that has been widely used in various industries, including the food industry, due to its high amount of protein and antioxidants. Echinacea purpurea is one of the medicinal plants used alone or with other medicinal plants to strengthen the immune system in traditional medicine. This study aimed to compare the cyanobacterium spirulina, the medicinal plant Echinacea purpurea, and the antiparasitic drug and immune stimulant levamisole on blood and biochemical indicators of native breed dogs. In this study, 24 native dogs were randomly selected and divided into four groups of six. During a period of 30 days, the control group did not receive any intervention, but the other groups received capsules containing spirulina powder, capsule containing the powder of Echinacea purpurea plant, and Levamisole tablets. Finally, blood and biochemical parameters were measured. Finally, the obtained results were analyzed with SPSS statistical software at the p<0.05 level. The results obtained in the present study indicated that the total number of white blood cells and neutrophils and lymphocytes increased significantly in all treatments compared to the control group (p<0.05). The findings of this study show that cyanobacterium spirulina and Echinacea purpurea powder can probably strengthen the immune system.

Probiotics, to an appropriate extent, are defined as living microorganisms with beneficial properties that have been accepted for both treatment and prevention of pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a diet containing probiotics on hematology and oxidative stress indices in Dareshoor mares.

For this purpose, 5 horses were fed a diet containing probiotic Bio-Equine (10 g per day) for one month. Blood samples were taken before and after taking probiotics. In stages, complete blood count (Hematocrit, Red blood cell, White blood cell, and percentage of each), serum malondialdehyde levels, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes were measured. The obtained data were analyzed using t-test statistical method.

The results showed that the addition of probiotics to the diet had no effect on hematocrit and red blood cell count, but the number of white blood cells and the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the blood of horses increased with probiotic nutrition, although this increase was not significant (P>0.05). Consumption of probiotics for one month led to an increase in serum antioxidant status, although this increase was only significant for glutathione peroxidase (P<0.001).

Overall, the results showed that the addition of Bio-Equine probiotics to the diet improved the immunity and antioxidant activity of saline horses.

Pets such as dogs and cats are potential sources of transmissible infections such as Yersinia enterocolitica to humans, especially children.The gastrointestinal tract of these animals keeps the infection in them and can be considered as a carrier for their owners. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the frequency of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in apparently healthy dogs and cats and their owners in Isfahan city. For this purpose, fecal swabs were collected from 115 apparently healthy dogs and cats and their owners, and Yersinia contamination and the presence of virulence genes were investigated using culture and molecular methods. The results obtained in the present study showed Yersinia enterocolitica infection in 32% of dogs, 4% of cats, 24% of dog owners and 4% of cat owners. A significant relationship was observed between age, disease and the way of keeping with the prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in dogs, and the level of infection of dog and cat owners was directly related to the infection of dogs and cats. Antibiogram results showed that the highest sensitivity and resistance were related to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin antibiotics, respectively. Infected animals may be the main source of infection. These results can be useful in prevention and control programs.

Salmonellosis is a common disease between humans and animals, and in some cases, animals carrying bacteria are a potential source of contamination for humans. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of dogs and cats and their owners in epidemiology of salmonellosis in in Isfahan city. For this purpose, Rectal swabs of 115 asymptomatic dogs and cats from Isfahan city (2021) were cultured and evaluated by PCR. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and virulence gene and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility applying standard methods. The results obtained in the present study indicated that Salmonella spp. were isolated from 8% of cats,16% of cat owners and 12% of dog owners samples. 2 salmonella serotypes were observed including S. typhymurium (80%), and S. enteritidis (20%). The results showed that there is no significant relationship between age, condition of the digestive system and the environment of storage with the amount of salmonella infection in dogs and cats. Also, no connection was observed between the contamination of animals and their owners. According to the results, all cases were infected with invA and flic strains. According to the antibiogram tests performed, they were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, nalidixic acid, semi-sensitive to tetracycline, gentamicin, cephalothin   and resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin. Isolation of Salmonella spp. from asymptomatic cats and dogs makes them dangerous source of Salmonella and a treat for human and animal health.

Probiotics are a live microbial oral supplement and a range of different beneficial effects have been attributed to probiotics . Today, probiotics are recognized as a factor in preventing many infectious diseases and cancers. In this study, the effect of probioty lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulase on cancer cells (AGS, DU145) (gastric and prostate cancer cell line) was investigated. To do this, these two bacteria were cultured in Broth MRS medium and from 48, 24 and 72 hour cultures, sediment and supernatant were prepared. Supernatants were prepared in acidic and neutralized forms with 1N NaOH.. Concentrations of 100, 10 and 1000 μg / ml of extracts were also prepared separately on AGS and DU145 cancer cells cultured in 96-well microplate. The results showed that the concentrations of 1000 μg / ml of extract and 300 μl / ml of supernatant in 72 hours had inhibitory concentrations of more than 50%. The inhibitory effect of supernatants was directly related to time and concentration.

Today Ginger in fresh and dried form is used as a spice around the world.Ginger with a scientific name of Zingiber officinale, is a herbal medicine. It is widely used inthe traditional medicine and utilised as a dietary supplement. The aim of this study is todetermine the antibacterial and anticancer properties and activities of hydroalcoholic extractof ginger.

The cell lines were grown in RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS,1% penicillin and streptomycin. The cells were allowed to incubate at 37ºC in an atmospherethat contained 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. The extracts were also used with MIC onKlebciella Pneumoniae, E. Coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Thestandard MTT assay was performed to estimate cell viability after treatment by Zingiberextracts. We examined cytotoxicity effects of different concentrations the (250, 500, 750,1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 1250, 2500, 2750 μg/ml) of Zingiber extracts on AGS celllines were examined.

Based on the findings of this Study, these extracts at different concentrations hadinhibitory effect on Klebciella Pneumoniae, E.Coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Also Theresults of the MTT assay showed that the Zingiber extracts based on time and concentrationhad anticancer activities.

Based on our results and findings it might be suggested that ginger extract withoptimum concentrations might be employed in food formulations to inhibit pathogenicbacteria and cancer cell lines.

The AGS cell line contains gastric cancer cells, which are among the most common cancers in the world. The DU145 cell line also includes prostate cancer cells, the second leading cause of death in men after lung cancer. This study was designed to assess the cytotoxicity of spirulina extract on AGS and DU145 cell lines. In this in vitro trial, cell lines AGS and DU145 were used. Gastric and prostate cancer cell lines were prepared and cultured from the Iranian Center for Biological and Genetic Resources. The cells were divided into treatment and control groups. The effect of spirulina extract on the treated group was determined using the MTT method. According to MTT results, Spirulina extract has anti-cancer activity and more than 50% reduction in cell density against AGS and DU145 cell lines; While it did not show any significant effect on healthy cells (P< 0.05). The results of this study indicate that Spirulina extract has a good potential to control cancer cells.

Annually, many reports of occurrence of food poisoning due to the consumption of sea-foods contaminated with Vibrio species have been reported. The present survey was carried out to evalution the frequency rate of Vibrio species in sea-food products from the fish samples in Isfahan, Iran.In this survey, 64 fresh fish samples were purchased from markets in Isfahan and transferred to the food quality control laboratory of the Islamic Azad University of Shahreza . Samples were tested for count Vibrio parahaemolyticus and detection according to Iranian national standard methods . positive specimens were evaluated for presence of bacterial species using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction . the presences of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholera, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio mimicus were studied using the Nested PCR method. Results showed that 95% of samples were contaminated with Vibrio species. In studied samples, V. parahaemolyticus had the highest frequency rate (35%), while V. mimicus had the lowest frequency rate (15%). Frequency of V. cholera and V. vulnificus were 20% and 35% respectively. The results of microbial investigations of raw fish collected from different markets of Isfahan can not be defined satisfactorily . High prevalence of Vibrio species in samples confirmed the lack of hygienic condition in the production and distribution centers of fish . It seems that, places of fishing and processing and the moods of transportation and distribution of fish don’t have suitable hygiene in Isfahan .

Background & Chlamydia spp. is an obligate intracellular agent that causes           chlamydiosis in animals and humans. Chlamydia infections in cows can cause abortion, infertility and other symptoms. The aim of this survey was to investigate the frequency of chlamydia        infection in sperm used by artificial insemination.Materials & In This survey semen samples were collected from semen supply centers. Then DNA was extracted using Cinnagen company kit. The samples were Analysed for the     chlamydial agent by Nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) by 16SrRNA gene primer and then the PCR product was electrophoresed and positive samples were identified by genus and species. The finding of this survey indicated the prevalence of infection of different chlamydial species in the sperm samples. A Total of 100 samples were tested, 23 samples were positive for chlamydia spp.which are 12 positive samples separately for Chlamydia Pecorum,Chlamydia   abortus 7 positive samples and 4 positive samples were identified for Chlamydia Psitassi. The present survey showed that sperm samples can be an important source of      chlamydial infection transmission in bulls.

Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that has been traditionally identified as a cause of reproductive tract disease in cattle and may lead to Infertility and abortion. The most common and widely used method of T. foetus detection is direct microscopic examination. When specimens cannot be tested immediately after collection it is necessary to use transport medium or culture medium. This survey aimed to review the current status of Tritrichomonas foetus in Isfahan,Iran By Molecular Assay. Tritrichomonas foetus infection was investigated in 73 Bulls and 27 cows slaughtered in two abbattoir different. Mucus samples were obtained from the vagina and from the vagina and uterus, respectively, using a "screw-head scraper rod". Extraction of DNA from samples was carried out using a DNA extraction kit (Cinnagen, Iran), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All samples were analyzed by Nested PCR technique using T. foetus-specific primers of Genus (TFR 1–2) and specie (TFR 3–4). All samples were analyzed by Nested PCR technique with the two sets of primers, respectively. Amplification products of 372 bp were observeded in 6 Bulls (8.2%) and 2 Cows (7.4%) isolates, with the genus specific primers and in 2 bulls also T. foetus yielded amplification products of the expected size (347 bp) showed. Other samples were related to non-T. foetus organisms. Therefore, based on the results of this survey, prevalence of Tritrichomonas genus and especially Tritrichomonas foetus in samples confirmed serious attention to screening test in bulls.

Despite significant advances in radiation therapy and cancer treatments in the past 30 years, resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle in the recovery of patients with cancer. Resistance to chemotherapy drugs inhibits the recovery process. This study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of the hydroalcolic extracts of Rosemary, Peganum, and Coffee on growth inhibition of MCF-7 cell line and determine the rate of growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria isolated from food. We examined cytotoxicity effects of three different concentrations (60,120,250 μg/ml) of Rosemary, Peganum, and Coffee extracts on MCF-7and HDF cell lines. The cell lines were grown in RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% penicillin, and streptomycin. The cells were allowed to incubate at 37ºC in an atmosphere that contained 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. The standard MTT assay was performed to estimate cell viability after treatment by Rosemary, Peganum, and Coffee extracts. The extracts were also used with MIC on Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli bacteria isolated from food. The results of the MTT assay showed that the Rosemary, Peganum and Coffee extracts had time-and concentration-dependent anticancer activities on the MCF-7cell line compared to HDF cells statistically significant (p<0.01). As the Rosemary extract had more effect on the control of cell proliferation than the other two extracts. Also, these extracts at different concentrations had an inhibitory effect on food pathogenic bacterial growth. Our results have suggested that these plants extract is a potential candidate, either alone at pre-determined doses, for the dietary supplement suitable for the inhibitory effect on food pathogenic bacterial growth and cancer cell lines.

Nitrite and nitrate are preservatives that have been used in meat products (sausages) and include carcinogenic effects. Natural antimicrobials with plant origin are incorporated into foods in the forms of essential oils or extracts. They can control spoilage bacteria in foodstuffs (e.g., meat products). This work was aimed to evaluate the effect of partial nitrite replacement with Urticadioicaessential oil (UDE) on microbial properties of cooked sausage. Nitrite content (120 ppm) was reduced and replaced with 20, 40, and 60, 80, 100, and 120 ppm of UDE. The effect of UDE on antimicrobial properties of the essential oil was evaluated by MICs determination against Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens by the microdilution method. Results indicated that samples with 20 ppm of nitrite and 100 ppm UDEwerenot significantly samples with control at the end of storage period. The high level of nitrite and nitrate in meat products is worrying. Consequently, Reduction and Replacement of these food additives is essential.in this study, all samples with different essential oil levels were acceptable after 60 days of storage. Replacement of 83 % of nitrite with UDE is a reasonable approach in order to put down the harmful effects of nitrite in sausage and to enhance the functionality of the product.

Hirudin is a 65-66 amino acids polypeptide which is secreted as an anticoagulant compound from salivary glands of medical leech. This drug is a very potent inhibitor of thrombin and is so effective for arterial and venous thrombosis prevention. The aim of the present research was to clone and express of hirudin gene in CHO cell line as a eukaryotic host cell. In this experimental study, a 221 bp fragment of hirudin gene was cloned into pcDNA3.1(+) vector. The pcDNA3.1(+)-hirudin recombinant vector was transfected into CHO cells by lipofectamine 2000 reagent. The eukaryotic expression of hirudin was evaluated by RT-PCR method. The pcDNA3.1(+)-hirudin recombinant vector was confirmed by PCR and enzymatic double digestion. Our findings showed that the mammalian expression of hirudin was successful. As, a 221 bp fragment corresponded to hirudin mRNA was observed on agarose gel after RT-PCR. The pcDNA3.1(+)-hirudin recombinant vector was constructed in this research successfully. This new recombinant plasmid can express the hirudin mRNA in CHO cells. Therefore, the recombinant protein that produced from this research can be a recombinant vaccine that could be applied for future research. Additionally, this construct has the potential to be use as DNA vaccine in next experiments.

Garlic (Allium sativum) belongs to the Liliaceae family and green tea (Camellia sinensis) belongs to the Theaceae family are widely used in folk medicine. Antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activity of these plants have been previously reported. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the extracts of garlic and green tea on breath cancer cell line (MCF-7) and HDF.

Cytotoxicity of different concentrations (250,500,750 μg/ml) of garlic and green tea ethanolic extracts on MCF-7 and HDF cell lines were examined. The cell lines were grown in RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% penicillin and streptomycin. The cells were allowed to incubate at 37ºC in an atmosphere that contained 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. The standard MTT assay was performed to estimate cell viability after treatment garlic and green tea extracts.

The results of the MTT assay showed that garlic extract had time and concentration dependent anticancer activities on the MCF- 7 cell line (P<0.01). But, any effect of green tea extract on MCF-7 and HDF cell lines showed.

Results of this survey suggested that garlic extract has a good potential to control of cancer cells.

Cadmium is one of the most important heavy metals in the soil that is environmentally important in humans and causes numerous health effects for humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cyanobacteria  Spirulina platensis (arthrospira platensis) on reduction of cadmium accumulation in liver and kidney of C57 mice.In this study, 16 C57 mice were randomly divided into 4 control and treatment groups. The control group was treated with physiological saline and the groups were treated with 1000 µg / ml cadmium chloride , 1% spirulina in diet and mixture cadmium and spirulina . On day 24, mices were killed after anesthesia with ether and cadmium levels in the feces, liver and kidney were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis increased concentration of x percent cadmium excretion in the feces and reduce the heavy metal accumulation in mouse kidney C57 Y percent respectively.According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the use of this bacterium has a significant effect on decreasing digestive uptake of cadmium.

Assessing psychological characteristics in applying and choosing of the teachers of preliminary schools is one of the important problems of education system and it has got a major role in qualifying education system and mental and spiritual health of the students. In this research, the issue has been surveyed in three psychological dimensions. The methodology is exploratory qualitative and the analysis approach is coding. Its population consists of scholars of education, its sampling is purposeful and interviews are semi-structured. The findings express psychological characteristics of teachers; cognitive dimension consists of analysis power, tact, creativity, innovation, high IQ and powerful memory. Emotional dimension includes cheerfulness, good temper, interest in teaching, emotional stability, humility and modesty, fairness. Personality consists of honesty, responsibility, tolerance, adornment, class management, purity, high social interaction, positive thinking, self-respect and critical thinking. Over all, this research shows that psychological characteristics of teachers are the essential factors in promoting their professional proficiency. The applied outcome of this research will be a model for applying and choosing of the teachers of preliminary schools.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a major autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Today it is specified that changes in the sequence of single nucleotides or SNPs are associated with disease or resistance to disease. In recent studies, the association of micro-RNA polymorphism has been reported with diseases such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Micro RNA is a group of non-coding RNA that affects a variety of biological processes such as growth, cell division, and immunity.
blood samples were collected from 71 MS patients and 71 healthy subjects, and DNA was extracted. Genotyping analysis was performed using TARMS PCR technique. The relationship between rs3745453 polymorphism and MS was evaluated by statistical tests.
TT, TC and CC genotypic frequencies are 34, 24 and 13 in patients and 39, 11 and 21% in control group respectively. In both groups, the TT genotype was dominant and heterozygote frequencies were higher in patients than control group. Odd ratio (OR) in TC genotype was 2.7. In other words, heterozygote individuals have a 2.7 times higher chance of MS than others
This study was the first report of the relationship between mir23a polymorphism and MS disease. According to the results, we can say that mir 23a rs3745453 polymorphism is associated with Multiple sclerosis (P = 0.029). It is suggested that further studies should be done with more samples.