قاسم عسکری زاده

Primiparous pregnant women experience high levels of health anxiety and fear of childbirth. It is crucial to implement interventions aimed at reducing health anxiety and fear of childbirth in these women. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of positive thinking training on health anxiety and fear of childbirth in primiparous pregnant women.

This study was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design, including a control group. The study population consisted of all pregnant women referred to medical centers in Qom for pregnancy care between March 2022 and May 2023. Forty women were selected through convenience sampling and then randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control, each consisting of 20 individuals. The experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of Serini and Sayadi's positive thinking training package, while the control group did not receive any training during this time. Salkovskis and Warwick's health anxiety questionnaires and Harman's childbirth attitudes questionnaire were used for data collection. The data was analyzed using the covariance analysis test in SPSS software version 26.

The study results demonstrated that positive thinking training had a significant impact on health anxiety (F=58.94; P<0.001) and fear of childbirth (F=96.9; P<0/003) in primiparous pregnant women. The mean scores of health anxiety and fear of childbirth among primiparous pregnant women who received positive thinking training significantly decreased in the post-test compared to the pre-test (P<0.001).

The research results show that training in positive thinking has been effective in reducing health anxiety and fear of childbirth in first-time pregnant women. Therefore, it is essential to implement positive thinking training interventions to decrease psychological issues in pregnant women, particularly those who are expecting their first child and dealing with fear of childbirth and health anxiety.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common age-related diseases, which has adverse effects on cognitive functions. This study aims to investigate the interaction effects of age and cognitive reserve on information processing speed, visuospatial working memory, and cognitive failures in middle-aged and older adults with COPD.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 on a 208 middle-aged and older patients with COPD who met the study criteria. Data were collected using the cognitive reserve index, cognitive failures questionnaire, the Corsi block-tapping test, and the symbol digit modalities test. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 27.

Aging significantly affected information processing speed, visuospatial working memory, and cognitive failures in COPD patients. Cognitive reserve had a significant effect on information processing speed and cognitive failures in COPD patients, but had no effect on visuospatial working memory. The interaction effect of age and cognitive reserve was significant only on the cognitive failures; the interaction effect had no significant effect on the information processing speed and visuospatial working memory. 

Age and cognitive reserve may have differential effects on various cognitive domains in middle-aged and older adults with COPD.

Increasing students' use of smartphones and the fact that these types of phones provide many features have put the potential addiction to smartphones at the center of research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social health, brain-behavioral systems, psychological distress, and mental well-being and intelligent mobile phones.

The present research’s method, according to the data collection method, was descriptive-correlation . Based on Morgan's table, 362 medical students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences were selected as the sample using available sampling method. To collect data, Kisse's Social Health Questionnaires, Carver and White Brain-Behavioral Systems Scale Questionnaire, Kasler Psychological Distress Questionnaire, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Welfare Questionnaire, and Kohi Smartphone Addiction Questionnaire were used. The data was analyzed using SPSS21 software through Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression.

Regulatory analysis results showed that mental well -being, brain -behavioral system, brain -behavioral system, and social health are able to predict 45 % of the variance of smartphone dependence.

The findings of the study suggest that increasing social health; increasing behavioral activation system and reducing behavioral inhibition; reducing psychological distress and increasing mental well -being have been associated with reducing dependence on smartphones.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in primary school students. This research was a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population included all fourth grade elementary school boys in Kerman in 1396-97. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and three schools were randomly selected from among the boys' primary schools in Kerman. Then sampling was done. Forty-seven students with high anxiety scores were selected based on the Anxiety Inventory (Spence, 1998). Finally, after matching based on anxiety scores, 30 students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 15 people. Drawing art therapy was performed on the students of the experimental group during 12 sessions of 90 minutes, two days a week. Students in the control group did not receive any training during this period. At the end of the intervention, anxiety inventory were performed on the students of the two groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that art therapy based Drawing reduced general anxiety disorder and fear of physical harm in primary school students (p <0/05).

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by features such as identity diffusion, primitive defense mechanisms, fear of intimacy, and reality-testing deficiencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of components of interpersonal cognitive distortions, differentiation of self and interpersonal problems in predicting of borderline personality. For data analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis was used. 318 undergraduate students were selected by random cluster sampling and filled the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions (Hamamci & Büyüköztürk, 2004), Differentiation of Self (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998), Interpersonal Problems (Barkham, Hardy & Startup, 1994), and Borderline Personality Scale (Leichsenring, 1999). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that among the components of cognitive distortions, the expectation of rejection (R2= 0.20), among the components of differentiation, emotional cutoff (R2=0.34), and among The components of interpersonal problems, aggression (R2=0/15), had the most role in explaining the borderline personality (p< 0/01), which in this study were presented as " triad spacing mechanism " in the borderline personality. Also in borderline personality organization in the component of identity diffusion, cut-off (R2=0/21) in defense mechanisms, reactivity (R2=0/22), in fear of intimacy, cut-off (R2=0/34) and in reality testing, misperception (R2=0/23), had a greater role in explanation (p< 0/01). Considering these dimensions can be useful in redefining borderline personality disorder as a distance personality in preventing and intervening in treatment.

Sleep disorder is extremely common during pregnancy and threatens the health of both the mother and the fetus. To improve sleep patterns in pregnant women, non-pharmacological treatments are a high priority. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of painting therapy with childbirth preparation classes on the sleep quality of pregnant women.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design including a control group. The statistical population consisted of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy admitted to 22 Bahman health center of Kerman in autumn 2020. Based on the inclusion criteria, 51 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each including 17 participants. The experimental groups received painting therapy and childbirth preparation classes and the control group did not receive any sort of intervention. The research tool was Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS-26 software.

The results showed that both interventions significantly improved sleep quality (p<0.001). Painting therapy could better improve both overall sleep quality and subjective sleep quality and decrease sleep disturbances compared to childbirth preparation classes (p<0.002).

Based on the findings, health experts and health and treatment centers are recommended to incorporate painting therapy in the syllabus of the childbirth preparation classes to enhance the sleep quality of pregnant women.

Few studies have examined the role of mindfulness in well-being in children. Given that individual differences can play an important role in the acceptance and effectiveness of mindfulness training, understanding the role of Big Five personality traits in responding to mindfulness interventions seems necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of MindUp curriculum on well-being and Big Five personality traits, based on Maloney et al. (2016) theory of change,

This study employed an experimental approach with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group.The study population included all elementary school girl students in grades 3-5 in Kerman in 2020-2021. Randomly, 35 individuals were assigned to the intervention group and 35 individuals were assigned to the control group.They answered Health-related Quality of Life Index (KIDSCREEN-10) (Erhart et al., 2009) and Big Five Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (BFQ-C) (Markos & Kokkinos, 2017). The MindUp curriculum was then presented in 15 sessions over the course of six months to the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any training. The final data analysis was performed by MANCOVA using SPSS with 66 participants.

According to the findings, there is a difference in the mean of well-being, agreeableness, and extraversion variables in the experimental and control groups, and the MindUP curriculum improved students' well-being, agreeableness, and extraversion in the intervention group (p≤0/05).

The findings of this study demonstrated the need for MindUp curriculum to emphasize well-being enhancement.T In addition, students who receive mindfulness training based on their personality traits, particularly agreeableness and extraversion, can expect more significant outcomes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy on psychological symptoms, emotion regulation, and quality of life in these patients. This research was conducted in a quasi-experimental design with two experimental and control groups and pre-test and post-test stages. The statistical population included all psychodermatologic patients in Kerman who had been referred to the dermatology clinics. The diagnosis of psychodermatology disease was done by psychologist’s diagnosis interview and dermatologist assessment. 30 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. Experimental group participants received sixteen 45-minute psychotherapy sessions. The Psychological Symptoms Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Dermatology Life Quality Index were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Results showed that Dynamic Interpersonal Therapy was in reducing clinical psychological symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients with psychodermatologic disease and was able to reduce the emotion regulation problems of these patients. It is suggested that psychologists and dermatologists use dynamic interpersonal psychotherapy for reducing psychodermatologic symptoms.

Self-worth is one of the most important human emotions that affects various aspects of life، such as motivational issues، depression and so on. It seems that occurrence of altruistic behavior with intermediary role، affects on this emotion. The aim of present study was investigate the relationship between altruist personality and self-worth with intermediary role of spiritual intelligence. The society of this study was the students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman that 329 person، by available rate، were chosen as sample. In order to collect data، sample members were asked than answer to Rashton's altruist personality questionnaire، King's spiritual intelligence questionnaire and Crocker et al self-worth questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using structural equation approach. In order to data analysis the SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 was used. The results showed that there was no significant direct relationship between altruist personality and self-worth، but altruist personality was related to self-worth through spiritual intelligence. And spiritual intelligence mediates the relationship between these two variables.

Divorce is a type of loss that affects people’s health and causes personal, family and social disintegration, and in most cases, its destructive effects on women are more severe.

This study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The research population was divorced women who referred to Masire Khoshbakhti clinic of Isfahan city in 2021 year. The research sample was 30 individuals who were selected by convenient sampling method and then randomly assigned to the experimental group and control group (15 people in each group). The experimental group trained 8 sessions of 120 minutes with the methods of reality therapy once a week and the control group did not receive any training. The research measuring instruments were general health questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972) and automatic negative thoughts questionnaire (Hollon & Kendall, 1980). Date analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSS-26.

The results of the analysis showed that reality therapy had a significant effect on improving general health and reducing automatic negative thoughts in divorced women in experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05).

Due to the effectiveness of reality therapy on general health and automatic negative thoughts in divorced women, it is recommended that this training be used to reduce psychological injuries of divorce women.

Given that the population of the country is aging, the study of cognitive functions related to aging deserves attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of metacognition in the relationship between mind wandering and cognitive failure. The research design was descriptive-correlational and statistical population consisted of all middle-aged in Shiraz in 2020. In order to collect data, questionnaires of mind wandering, metacognition and cognitive failure were used. The research sample was 228 middle-aged through online recall and via social network and were assessed with questionnaires of mind wandering, metacognition and cognitive failure were used. The results of data analysis showed that mind wandering has a significant positive relationship with metacognition and cognitive failure. There was a significant positive relationship between metacognition and cognitive failure. Also the results of path analysis indicated that metacognition has a mediating role in the relationship between and mind wandering and cognitive failure. Therefore, according to the results of the present study, by providing therapeutic interventions based on reducing mind wandering and negative metacognitive beliefs, the rate of cognitive failure in middle-aged people can be reduced and thus to prevent or control cognitive decline in middle age and elderly.

Executive dysfunction is a hallmark of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is associated with significant complications. Deficiency in problem-solving, emotion regulation, and attention is one of the most common phenomena after brain injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term intervention of dual executive function on problem-solving, emotion regulation, and selective attention in patients with traumatic brain injury. This quasi-experimental design used pre-test and post-test with a control group. Twenty subjects with brain injury were selected with the Purposive sampling method. They were randomly entered into two experimental and control groups (10 in the experimental group and 10 in the control group). After performing the pre-test, the experimental group received the short-term intervention and double executive function in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The assessment was performed in two stages of pre-test-post-test using a set of software tests of the Tower of London, Stroop and John and Gross (2003) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant difference in the mean scores between the experimental group and the control group in all variables after the test. Therefore, it can be concluded that short-term intervention of dual executive function has a significant effect on improving attention, emotion regulation, and problem-solving in people with traumatic brain injury.

 Health anxiety is characterized by persistent and severe health concerns and is an important concern for clinical professionals. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the affective and emotional composite temperament model and intolerance of uncertainty with health anxiety symptoms in medical students.

 This study was a correlational- predictive study. The statistical population of this study consisted of students of Kerman university of medical sciences, among whom 211 students were selected by convenience sampling. The research instruments included the health anxiety questionnaire, the affective and emotional composite temperament model scale, and the intolerance of uncertainty scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

 The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that among the components of the affective and emotional composite temperament model, depression affective temperament, cyclothymic affective temperament, obsessive affective temperament, and irritability affective temperament and also anger emotional temperament, sensitivity the emotional temperament and the fear emotional temperament with health anxiety had significant positive relationship with health anxiety. However, there was a significant negative relationship between emotional hyperthymic and health anxiety. There was also a significant positive relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and health anxiety. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the depression affective temperament, obsessive affective temperament, anger emotional temperament, sensitivity emotional temperament and fear emotional temperament and also intolerance of uncertainty can positively and significantly predict health anxiety in medical students. The results also showed that intolerance of uncertainty can positively and significantly predict health anxiety in medical students.

 The affective and emotional composite temperament model and intolerance of uncertainty can explain the symptoms of health anxiety. Therefore, by providing therapeutic interventions based on modulating the emotional composite temperament and reducing intolerance of uncertainty can prevent or control the symptoms of health anxiety.

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two implementation methods of working memory (WM) training (the more complex task and the less complex task) on attentional control and WM capacity. The present study is one of the intervention studies with the active control group aiming to compare effectiveness. The study population consists of 25 to 35-year-old young employees working in Information Technology (IT) field in Kerman city in 2019. The sample of the study formed of 48 individuals who were selected by multistage sampling, randomly divided into two experimental groups (adaptive dual n-back task as the more complex task and non-adaptive dual 1-back task as the less complex task) and one active control group (non-adaptive single 1-back task). Data collection tools include simple Stroop task and Daneman-Carpenter Working Memory Task (DCWMT). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of WM training with adaptive dual task, non-adaptive dual task, and control group task in subscale of interference score related to attentional control and WM capacity. In other words, the complexity of the task made a significant difference in the effectiveness of the training program on interference score and WM capacity. However, this difference was not observed for subscale of time of interference related to attentional control.

 Stress is one of the significant factors contributing to the onset, exacerbation, and recurrence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) that imposes high costs on society and people. The present study aims to assess the role of spiritual intelligence, sense of coherence, and cognitive flexibility (internal resources) in predicting perceived stress in patients with MS.

Methods & Materials:

 In this descriptive/correlational study, 156 patients with MS were selected as samples using a convenience sampling method. The participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI), Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (stepwise regression analysis) in SPSS v. 24.

 Transcendental awareness (a component of SISRI), meaningfulness (a component of SOC), and perception of controls and alternatives (components of CFI) predicted perceived stress in MS patients.

 In stress management program, internal resources education can help reduce perceived stress in patients with MS.

When people find out they have diabetes, they can face a spiritual crisis and feeling of loneliness; these factors can actually exacerbate the disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness training with Islamic approach on spiritual well-being and loneliness in women with type 2 diabetes.

The present study was conducted using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. In this study, the statistical population included all women with type 2 diabetes who were members of the Diabetic Patient Support Association of Yazd province in 2019. Thirty women were selected using purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The members of experimental group received eight sessions of mindfulness training with Islamic approach; the control group was on the waiting list. Spiritual Well-being Questionnaire(SWB) (Dehshiri et al.) andLonelinessScale (DiTommaso et al.) were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. In this study, all ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

According to the results, by controlling the pre-test effect, a significant difference was observed between the mean scores in the components of spiritual well-being (including: communication with God, self-communication, communication with nature, and communication with others) and loneliness (including: romantic loneliness, family loneliness, and social loneliness) between the two experimental and control groups on the post-test (P<0.001).

Mindfulness training with Islamic approach has a significant effect on promoting spiritual well-being and reducing the feeling of loneliness in women with type 2 diabetes.

Sleep disturbance during pregnancy is quite common, it threatens the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Non-pharmacological therapies are preferred for improving the sleep pattern of pregnant women with sleep disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of lavender essential oil on the quality of sleep in pregnant women.

This study was performed by quasi-experimental method using pre-test-post-test design with control group. The sample size was 30 people, who were selected by available sampling method. The sample group was selected from pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy who referred to Kerman health centers. The selected individuals had diagnostic criteria for sleep disorder during pregnancy based on the Pittsburgh Quality Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). The selected individuals were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. During the study, the experimental group began taking lavender essential oil for 3 consecutive nights a week. The Pizzberg Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQ) was used in two stages before the intervention and after one month to evaluate the quality of sleep. Spss software and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance analysis (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data.

The results of the one-way analysis of variance test for the intervention group showed that the quality of sleep quality in the post-test was significantly higher than the pre-test (P <0.001). Also, a comparison of sleep quality scores in the postoperative intervention and control group by analysis of covariance showed that sleep quality scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group (P <0.001), and aromatherapy with lavender essential oil was 59%. Explains changes in sleep quality scores.

Given the positive effect of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on the quality of sleep of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy, it can be said that this intervention is useful for reducing the negative symptoms affecting the quality of sleep of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. According to the findings of this study, aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on the quality of sleep of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy is effective on the experience of higher quality sleep and paying attention to its training in medical centers for women with wind can reduce womenchr('39')s vulnerability in this period. .

The executive function is a set of higher-level cognitive abilities that control a high level of behavior. The executive function acts in a variety of contexts differently, including the function of the hot type that evoked in areas that are influenced by emotion, motivation, and reward. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on hot executive function.

The study was a single-blind experimental study performed on 30 healthy adults. In this study, subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, anodal stimulation over the left DLPFC and cathodal stimulation over the right OFC were performed at 2 mA. The tasks used were computer versions of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and the Iowa Gambling Task for evaluating decision making and risk-taking.

A significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in the Bart test. There was difference between the two groups in the Iowa test.

tDCS anodic stimulation can increase the hot executive functions in decision making.

Decision-making is part of the cognitive control that plays a key role in the evaluation of desires. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of tDCS on the left hemisphere DLPFC brain region in high-risk decision making and risk-taking.

The study was a single-blind experimental study performed on 30 healthy adults. In this study, subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and sham groups. In the experimental group, anodal stimulation over the right hemisphere OFC and cathodal stimulation over the left DLPFC was performed at 2 mA. The tasks used were computer versions of Balloon Analogue Risk Task(BART) and Iowa Gambling Task(IGT) for evaluating high-risk decision making and risk-taking. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANCOVA test.

Results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the Bart test.

Academic buoyancy as one of the positive psychological structures can be affected by family and psychological factors. Family flexibility among the family factors and mindfulness and critical thinking among the psychological factors affect academic buoyancy. Thus, this study endeavors to explore the academic buoyancy on the basis of family flexibility and mindfulness mediated by critical thinking.

This study was a correlation regression analysis. In this study, 400 students who were randomly from Kerman University of Medical Sciences by multi-stage cluster sampling responded to questionnaires about family flexibility, mindfulness, critical thinking and academic buoyancy. Then, the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression according to Baron and Kennychr('39')s steps.

The results of multiple regression analysis according to Baron and Kennychr('39')s steps revealed that the family flexibility (β = 0/20, P > 0/02) and mindfulness (β = 0/26, P > 0/003) are positive predictors of academic buoyancy. On the other hand, family flexibility (β = 0/47, P > 0/001) and mindfulness (β = 0/27, P > 0/001) predict critical thinking positively and meaningfully. Moreover, the findings showed that critical thinking predicts academic buoyancy positively (β = 0/36, P > 0/001). Finally, the results suggested that critical thinking plays a mediating role in the relationship between family flexibility and mindfulness with academic buoyancy.

Family flexibility and mindfulness with increased critical thinking provide academic buoyancy for students and their exposure to academic stressors.

Self-compassion, as one of the fundamental concepts of Buddha, is affected by psychological factors. Among the effective psychological factors of self-compassion, meaning of life and coping strategies have prominent status. This study endeavored to predict self-compassion based on the concept of life with the moderator role of coping strategies for stress.

In this study with a correlation regression analysis, 393 students (144 males and 249 females) of Kerman University of Medical Sciences were selected using random multi-stage cluster sampling and responded to the scales of concept of life, coping strategies for stress and self-compassion. Then, the data analysis was done by multiple regressions according to Baron and Kenny stages.

The result revealed that the concept of life is a positive and meaningful predictor of self- compassion. Likewise, it could predict problem-oriented strategy in a positive and meaningful way and emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented strategies in a negative and meaningful manner. Among the coping strategies, only the problem-oriented strategy has positively predicted the self-compassion. Finally, the results revealed that problem-oriented coping strategy played a mediating role in the relationship between the meaning of life and self-compassion.

Meaning of life with increased problem-oriented strategy provides self-compassion for students and their exposure to academic stressors.

Exceptional education teachers are in a very stressful working environment, which is the cause of burnout. The present study examined the factors affecting job burnout. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of practical commitment to religious beliefs and psychological hardiness with burnout among teachers of exceptional children's schools in Kerman, Iran in 2015.

This is a descriptive correlational study. 182 teachers working in exceptional children's schools in Kerman were selected to participate in the study. Data were gathered using a practical commitment to religious beliefs questionnaire, Ahwaz psychological hardiness questionnaire and Maslach burnout inventory questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. In this study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The results showed that there was a significantly negative relationship between practical commitment to religious beliefs and psychological hardiness and the burnout of teachers in three dimensions of emotional exhaustion, occupational involvement and depersonalization, but a significantly positive correlation between practical commitment to religious beliefs and psychological hardiness and Teachers' job burnout in the personal performance dimension (P<0.05). Also, the results of multiple linear regression showed that practical commitment to religious beliefs and psychological hardiness of exceptional children teachers could significantly predict job burnout.

The results of this study can be used to guide the development and perfection of religious beliefs as well as the inclusion of psychological hardiness components in formal and informal education of teachers of exceptional school children to reduce their vulnerability to stress and control job burnout.

Because of the growing number of divorces and the destructive effects it may have on the citizens, this study predicted female paramedics’ tendency towards divorce focusing on the role of personal Traits, religious Attitude and sexual satisfaction in Kerman.

This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married female paramedics in Kerman in 2014-2015, out of which 200 were selected by available sampling method. The instruments used for collecting data included the questionnaire of tendency towards divorce, NEO personality inventory, scale for religious attitude (RAS) and sexual satisfaction scale for woman (SSSW). Descriptive (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise and stepwise regression) were used to analyze the data. In this study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The results of the correlation test showed that religious attitude and sexual satisfaction had a negative and significant relationship with the tendency to divorce. In addition, among the neo-personality dimensions, neuroticism had a positive and significant relationship with the tendency to divorce (r<0.34, P<0.01), and extraversion (r=-0.25, P<0.01) and agreeableness (P<0.01 and r=-0.39) and conscientiousness (P<0.01 and r=-0.41) showed a negative and significant relationship with tendency to divorce. No relationship was found betweenbetween openness (P<0.05 and R=0.10 tendency toward divorce. The most important predictor of divorce was sexual satisfaction (F=362.78, P<0.001).

According to the results of this study, caretakers and hospital officials can help to improve the conditions of their employees by holding proper sexual relations training workshops to improve marital satisfaction, as well as increase awareness of the importance of this issue.

Chronic illness, such as renal failure requiring hemodialysis, is a multidimensional experience that causes a person to be impotent in many psychosocial, social, and economical fields. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management on chronic fatigue and death anxiety in women undergoing hemodialysis.

The research method was semi-experimental. A sample of 30 women who underwent hemodialysis was selected using available sampling method all women undergoing hemodialysis in Rafsanjan. Required data were collected through Cholesterol Factors Questionnaire (CFS) and Tempter's Death Anxiety Questionnaire (TDAS) in two stages before and after the intervention. To analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) was used using SPSS software.
 

The results of multivariate analysis of covariance analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral stress management training has been able to determine the chronic fatigue and death anxiety in hemodialysis women in the experimental group compared to the control group, in the post-test phase, significantly reduced.
 

According to the findings of this research, cognitive-behavioral stress management can be effective in reducing the multidimensional experience of disability in renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis at the same time and should be given special attention to treatment in the treatment centers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect roles of psychiatric symptoms, social support, and meaning in life in predicting internet addiction among university students.
The study was performed in a cross-sectional design by employing the path analysis to explore the model fitting. All the students at Kerman University of Medical Sciences constituted the research population. A total of 159 students were selected, by random cluster sampling method, as sample members. The questionnaires were utilized for data collection.
The results revealed that more than half of the participants were afflicted with the Internet addiction or were on the verge of addiction. Correlation coefficients results indicated a positive correlation between all the subscales of psychiatric symptoms and students’ Internet addiction and also a negative correlation between all the subscales of social support and Internet addiction. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between meaning in life (PML) and internet addiction. Among all the endogenous variables, depression accounted for most of the variances in Internet addiction. Social support and PML also accounted for a considerable part of the variances in Internet addiction, either directly or indirectly. In addition, the goodness of fit indices was indicative of an acceptable fitness (CFI=0.96, NFI=0.94, IFI=0.92, RMSEA=0.17).
Considering the fit indices, path coefficients, and the significance level, it can be maintained that the presented model for Internet addiction has an acceptable goodness of fit and that it explains 75% of the variance in participants’ Internet addiction.