محمد ترابی

The topic of false friends is as old as languages themselves. The term false friends (or faux amis, in French) first appeared in the 20th century, coined by French linguists Koessler and Derocquigny in their seminal work on the topic (1928). From a synchronic perspective, false friends refer to two words that are similar or equivalent (graphically and/or phonetically) in two or more languages but have different meanings. False friends can be divided into two groups: total false friends are similar or equivalent on a graphic or phonetic level in two or more languages but differ completely in their meanings, while partial false friends share some meanings, but not others, depending on the context.False friends have long been considered problematic in L2 learning. They often cause problems in translation and communication and have led to diplomatic incidents. A diachronic study of different false friends across languages suggests that many of these words are etymologically related and share a common origin. In fact, many false friends ste from the same origin; i.e., they are cognates. The meaning differences false friends may have rised as a result of diverging evolutionary paths. The changes occurring in the words due to historical, geographical, and political conditions between the Turkish dialects have led to a lack of communication among Turkish societies and Turkish tribes have become unable to understand each other.The Zanjani and Turkey dialects of Turkish, despite having common features, differ in some respects. One such difference lies in the false friends, which can display varying semantic, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic properties in translation and communication between the dialects. This study focuses on the false friends present in Zanjani and Istanbul Turkish, estimating the significant differences in their frequency across lexical categories (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs).The main questions of this study are as follow:What are the types of false friends in Istanbuli Turkish and Zanjani Turkish?Is there a significant difference between the lexical categories in terms of false friends in Istanbuli Turkish and Zanjani Turkish?How can the similarities and differences of the number of false friends across lexical categories be explained?

Due to its geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic features, the position of Ukraine has made it the scene of conflict between two long-standing rivals in the international system, namely Russia and the United States. On the one hand, the United States is trying to promote Western values ​​in Ukraine based on the criteria of liberal democracy and make this country a member of the European Union and NATO, on the other hand, Russia is also trying to, through measures according to the existing trends and contexts. Among the culture and identity of Ukrainian residents, prevent Ukraine from turning towards the European Union and the West. Therefore, in this research, we are trying to answer the question, how can Russia's military attack on Ukraine be explained based on the theory of defensive realism? The findings of the research show that Russia considers the actions of the West, such as the expansion of NATO to Russia's foreign countries, the joining of Ukraine to the European Union, and the West's support for the democratic movements around it, in order to limit itself, and as a strategic threat. is Therefore, this action of Russia can be explained based on 4 components of defensive realism, which include: overall power, geographical proximity, offensive power and aggressive intentions, in order to prevent Russia from being limited and repel possible actions against itself.

The consequences of the assassination of Martyr Soleimani and its impact on the West Asian region can be examined from different perspectives, and the most important of them have been tried to be discussed in this article. The main question raised in this research is what are the most important consequences of the assassination of Martyr Soleimani in West Asia. The role of the IRGC Quds Force Commander in the development of the axis of resistance and structuring is one of his outstanding characteristics, which is well discussed in this article, the roadmap and future policy of the resistance front with his thoughtful measures It is quite clear that it is being implemented and their absence does not weaken the axis of resistance, and it has made that axis more coordinated than before in the goal of bringing the common enemy, the United States, to its knees. The method of collecting information is to use the library method and documents to collect the consequences of the assassination of Martyr Soleimani. With the assassination of Martyr Soleimani, the United States once again made a serious strategic mistake in recent years, because this cowardly assassination consolidated the innovative structure of the martyr and targeted the priority of the struggle in the United States, and laid the foundations for repeated and continuous attacks on the positions and interests of the United States at the regional level. provided The assassination of Shahid Soleimani is one of the miscalculations of the former American president.

This study aims to explain the position of economy and society in modern political theology. Classical sociological theories, each from a different perspective, elucidate a kind of secular philosophy of history that is intrinsically linked to the modern era, with the goal of worldly progress and development. Therefore, the core of this secular philosophy of history is the idea of worldly progress. According to the logic of modernity, as classical sociological theories suggest, modern secularism, meaning the elimination of the role of theology in explaining social matters, is the only path to achieving progressand development in its modern sense. On the other hand, adherence to theological explanations of society is the most significant obstacle to progress and development. In other words, the modern perspective in the West has fundamentally formed by eliminating and sidelining the theological view of society and its manifestations in social life. This research is theoretical in nature and has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The main question it seeks to answer is: What is the position of economy and society in modern political theology? Modernity has an economic foundation related to the increase of financial resources, rational spirit, and work discipline, leading to a capitalist system. In the political domain, the discussion centers on human self-determination, which in the West started from the process of nation-states, moved to civil society, and later to the democratic system.

The study of Iranian temperament has been a wide-ranging subject that is in a sense under cultural studies that emphasize the relationship between political culture and development. In this article, the main question is what are the characteristics and weaknesses of this approach to Iranian temperament? The main question was the hypothesis that all these studies are based on Berkeley and are ethically ignored and generally consider the consequences of moods in terms of their impact on the category of development. They are neither provable nor, if they are true, specific to Iran, and the attributes attributed to Iranians are the product of relations that will have the same consequences wherever they prevail, and are a general phenomenon in any society within which relations exist. Are caught.specific to Iran, and the attributes attributed to Iranians are the product of relations that will have the same consequences wherever they prevail, and are a general phenomenon in any society within which relations exist. Are caught.

In the era of global economy, monetary flows are one of the main reasons for the economic growth of countries. In this regard, immigrants are one of the main factors in the economic growth of countries that can benefit their mother country by returning remittances or remittances. Remittances are transfers of money, goods and various features by immigrants to their countries of origin or motherland. Although the concept of remittance includes only the monetary aspect, remittances also include monetary and non-monetary flows such as social remittances. In any case, this flow has economic and social effects and consequences in the destination society of Afghan immigrants, such as Iran. For this purpose, the current research, by analyzing the genealogy of the remittance concept of Afghan immigrants, in addition to clarifying the concept of remittance, tries to answer the question that what are the social and economic consequences of the flow of economic and social remittances of the Afghan diaspora for Iranian society in the social and economic field? In response to the research question and as a research hypothesis, it should be said that the remittance flow of the Afghan diaspora in Iran has social and economic consequences; which will be examined further.

An article titled "Afghan Remittances: Review of Transfer Cost, Identification of Amount and Transfer Channels" by Mohibullah Faqir Zahi, which was conducted by the National Bank of Afghanistan in 2018, examines the official channels of remittance transfer to Afghanistan. In this report, the official channels of remittance transfer to Afghanistan and its entry points are considered. This report has focused its attention on the main financial and official legal institutions of remittances to Afghanistan. A report titled Financial Leverages of Immigrants to Mobilize Private Sector Capital in December 2023 has been published by the World Bank Group in the Development and Migration Department. In this report, the main trends in remittance flows, the outlook of remittances until 2025 and the consequences of remittances for countries of origin and destination are considered. Considering the phenomenon of Afghan migration from 2021 onwards, this report considers the flow of incoming remittances to Afghanistan to be more than ever and one of the influencing factors on Afghanistan's gross national product.Daniel Garrot Sanchez (2017) in an article titled "International Movement of Migrants, Experience and Evidence for Afghanistan at the Macro Level", examined the quality of economic migration of Afghan refugees and found a significant relationship between migration and the remittance flow of Afghan refugees. In this research, the historical patterns of migration in Afghanistan, the analysis and the latest trend of Afghan migration, due to economic and financial reasons, defines economic migration; Migration that is tied to the flow of remittances and the return of money from the destination country to Afghanistan and the families of the migrants.John Ocho (2008) in an article entitled "Remittance Flows and African Diaspora" has acknowledged that remittances are the transfer of money, goods and various characteristics by immigrants to their countries of origin or motherland. According to the author, the flows ofmoney transfers from immigrants to their countries of origin include economic and social flows and have effects beyond the financial flow.The general opinion of the published works in this field shows that no scientific and research work has been compiled on the process and flow of remittances of Afghans and its social and economic effects on Iranian society. This can guarantee the originality and innovation of the present article and provide a basis for the expansion of this literature as well as conducting more research in this field of economic and social studies.

The research method in this research is analytical-descriptive and its data is collected based on library and documentary methods.

The present article tried to answer the question regarding one of the important dimensions of Afghan immigration in Iran: what are the social and economic consequences of the flow of economic and social remittances of the Afghan diaspora for the Iranian society in the social and economic field? As discussed, remittances constitute an important part of Afghanistan's financial ecosystem (4% of the GDP). Considering the number of Afghan immigrants in Iran, a major volume of this remittance flow is sent from the Iranian community to Afghanistan. Although the amount of remittances sent from Iran to Afghanistan cannot be a significant amount due to the economic crisis and the fall in the value of the Rial, but the monitoring of the transfer of these funds and the monitoring of the people with accounts can create a database regarding the nobles of Afghan refugees. provided for regular information monitoring. In this regard, a mechanism such as FATF (Financial Action Task Force) and CFT (Combating the Financing of Terrorism) to monitor financial information, i.e. remittances of Afghan immigrants, international payments of immigrants, and denying the financing of regional terrorism in the country. it is needed. At the same time, we should not forget that remittances play a very important role in building peace and the peace-making process between the countries of origin and destination; It should be mentioned that remittances are transferred and monitored in countries with formal financial and banking structures, while the lack of banking infrastructure for any reason causes the transfer of the official money transfer network from unofficial and personal sources. which is a pest on the monetary structure of the country of origin. As mentioned, although the concept of remittance may at first glance only include economic and monetary aspects, the analysis of the data of this economic flow has shown that it also includes non-monetary flows such as social remittances. and from this point of view, the flow of remittances can create an opportunity-threatening face for national interests.As a conclusion and answer to the question of the article, it should be said that the Afghan diaspora in Iran has both negative (threat) and positive (opportunity) effects, which can appear according to the behavior of the Iranian policy maker. For the social and cultural purpose, the Afghan diaspora can change the demographic and cultural context and impose an ethnic and religious divide (Shia and Sunni divide/Iranian and Afghan divide) on the deeply divided Iranian society; Also, in this context, the Afghan diaspora is able to do anything due to the stability of its economic remittances and the increase of its financial income, and accept jobs that are not related to the demands of job seekers, and in addition to the expansion of fake jobs and the informal economy in The outskirts of the metropolises. On the other hand, the same immigrant force, with its presence in the construction industry and mining industries, can cause the prosperity of these economically productive sectors. In this way, the Afghan diaspora can be both an opportunity and a threat. However, considering the current situation and the context of the unstable Iranian economy during the last decade, the possibility of negative variables of the presence of Afghan immigrants in the Iranian society is more. Therefore, monitoring and tracking the flow of remittances of the Afghan diaspora in the Islamic Republic should be pursued as an economic-security agenda by the custodian institutions.

This research aims to present the theoretical foundations and an analytical model of public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran for maximum presence in the Islamic world. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results show that the theoretical foundations of public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran are based on three principles: dignity, fraternity, and unity in the Islamic world. The analytical model of Iran's public diplomacy is based on the soft power framework, focusing on cultural aspects in three areas: the Persian language, the celebration of Nowruz, and artistic diplomacy. The values section includes supporting the oppressed and Muslims worldwide, supporting freedom-seeking movements, unity in the Islamic world, religious democracy, counterterrorism, opposition to the authoritarian regime, mediation between warring countries, and humanitarian actions. The policy section encompasses cultural diplomacy, media diplomacy, tourism diplomacy, public military diplomacy, citizen diplomacy, and sports diplomacy.

Human rights reflect the universal ideal of justice and a society in which every human being can enjoy an honorable life with equality and human dignity. And in the Islamic-Shiite government, it has a heavenly origin, which at the same time is at odds with the natural rights and conscience of humanity. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is an international convention that states the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of children. The purpose of compiling this article is to clarify the law and the necessity of dealing with the way to protect children as vulnerable sections of the society and its adaptation to international law and to explain why and how to protect this group in the statements of Imam Ali (A.S). The sources of this research are library and documents, and digital sources and reliable sites were also referred to. Modern perceptions of child education and related to the gradual evolution of individualization in Western societies, emphasizing the individual rights of children by considering childhood as an independent child, is not as helpful as it seems at first. Therefore, it seems that the definition of parenting in terms of children's rights is a very broad topic that depends on time, place and rules. And as Masoom (A.S.) divided child upbringing into three periods, it shows the importance of children's rights.

The purpose of the present research is to study Turkey’s foreign policy in front of Iraq and its impact on national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the theory of neorealism along with a descriptive-analytic method was used. The results showed that Turkey’s foreign policy in Iraq is based on increasing penetration, acquiring better position, and maintaining power balance with Iran which, on the one hand, has common interests for both countries, and on the other hand, involves contradictory interests. At for positive points and collaboration, this subject is rooted in the geography of 3 countries and is a function of regional environment, terrorism, and Kurds’ issue while with respect to competition, it is due to the expansion of the penetration of 2 countries in Iraq. Iran supports the policy of sustaining the status quo whereas Turkey seeks changing the current situation. Iran considers itself as an ally of Iraq while Turkey pursues hegemony and regional leadership. On the other hand, in the economic field, Turkey aims to acquire the highest share of trade and take control of energy transmission from Iraq to Europe. Therefore, it can be said that Turkey mostly uses means of soft power for its hard purposes while Iran uses components of hard power for its soft purposes.

After the fall of Saddam and the removal of the Baath party from the political structure of Iraq, the created vacuum provided the ground for regional competition, and the regional powers have sought to manage the political dynamics of Iraq in line with their strategic interests. The Arab Spring and its expansion led to an increase in regional rivalries in Iraq. In this regard, the two important regional powers that played a key role in the political developments of Iraq, along with the Islamic Republic of Iran, were Turkey and Saudi Arabia. In fact, regional developments provided the basis for increasing the influence of these two actors in Iraq. In this regard, considering the importance of the subject of this research, it seeks to answer this central question with a comprehensive approach; Turkey and Saudi Arabia after the Arab unrest and its spread to Iraq, what policy have they had towards the political developments in Iraq? The research findings are based on this; The spread of unrest in Iraq led to the creation of opportunities for two regional actors, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, by targeting target communities in Iraq in order to increase political influence in Iraqi equations in competition with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method in this descriptive-analytical research is based on qualitative method and data collection method from library and internet sources.

The popular uprisings that started in Tunisia at the end of 2010 and soon spread to several Arab countries caused a huge change in the structure of these countries. Tunisia and Egypt, which were at the center of these protests, said goodbye to the lifetime governments of Zain al-Abidin bin Ali and Hosni Mubarak, and a new path for society and governance was created in these two countries. This research aims to investigate the role of civil society in the post-revolution era in Tunisia and Egypt and tries to answer the question of how to compare the functioning of civil society in these two countries. In this research, descriptive-analytical method and Habermas' theory of civil society were used. The findings of the research show that historically, civil society in both Tunisia and Egypt has had a relative dynamic, however, the roots of civil society in Tunisia are deeper than in Egypt. In the post-revolution era, Tunisian civil society played the role of mediator and resolution of differences between political groups, and in the crises created for Tunisia, this civil society had the necessary cohesion and strength to solve problems. But the civil society in post-revolutionary Egypt became a side of the conflict and by consolidating the rebellion movement, it created a favorable opportunity for a military coup. In addition, unlike Tunisia, civil society was fragmented and incoherent both before and after the 2013 coup.

Celebrities are well-known people within or across the national borders of a country. Now the upcoming research is trying to deal with the influence of celebrities on society, especially in political and social issues, so this research seeks to answer the question, what are the reasons for the influence of celebrities in political and social issues? In order to investigate the topic of the present research, it investigates the society's tendency towards celebrities in social and political issues with the descriptive-analytical method and by using library and internet tools. The findings indicate that the influence of celebrities as a serious competitor with other traditional bases of influence in societies is of great importance, especially with the expansion of society's access to modern technologies, because celebrities are considered to be popular due to their close relationship with people in society, attracting large audiences and Orienting public opinion has influenced political and social thought and behavior.

After the insecurity in West Asia and the emergence of the extremist terrorist group ISIS, we have seen the acceptance of the European people from the extreme right-wing parties in Europe. Although apparently these two issues are formed in two different geographical regions, but from the point of view of this research, there is a relationship between the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in West Asia and the rise of extreme right in Europe; Therefore, this research has emerged in response to the question that Islamic fundamentalism in West Asia has had an impact on the rise of European far-right parties? The findings show that with the emergence of fundamentalism in West Asia, the middle variable of Muslim immigration to Europe caused the extreme right parties to turn the opinion of a significant part of the voters in the elections towards the security of immigrant Muslims and linking them to the insecurities of Europe. attract; Therefore, the emergence of xenophobia and anti-immigrant discourses in the sphere of European societies by far-right parties caused these slogans to be associated with a significant reception of the people in the elections and the victory of the far-right.

Unrest and protests and how to control this phenomenon are among the issues that have become particularly important for the officials of the Islamic Republic following the social political changes after the imposition of war in some parts of the country and efforts by the government to strengthen the security and police systems. It has been used as a source of social control. These protests followed a wave of theorizing about the nature, roots and consequences of the issue. Many analysts have criticized and analyzed this issue and have used different interpretations that indicate various and sometimes conflicting interpretations, which are under criticism and analysis with titles such as social unrest, social movement, new sedition, etc. Is. Examining the recent unrest from the perspective of Habermas' theory of communicative action is important since unlike positivist theories that deal with social issues with an explanatory view and seek order and stability with a conservative approach, in this theory Criticism is paid to individual and group actions with a social approach. Using the descriptive-analytical method and based on field reports and the study of library documents, this article raises the question that the unrest in the fall of 1401 in the Islamic Republic of Iran can be explained based on what component or components? It seeks to test the hypothesis that the application of communicative action theory is effective in the analysis of political and social protests. Also, the lack or vacuum of conducting research in the field of theoretical investigation of the causes of accidents from the perspective of communication action theory has been the purpose of this research.

Understanding the factors that create social and organizational behavior in environmental policy is very effective and necessary to maintain and improve the environment. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question to what extent do the factors that cause social behaviors facilitate organizational environmental policies? Before environmental policy-making, the factors of social and organizational behavior influencing policy-making, such as environmental information, environmental attitude, environmental concern, environmental literacy, and government institutions and organizations, such as environmental principles, should be considered in law. Recognize basic and other public governmental organizations to be able to make environmental policy based on data affecting social behaviors and organizational functions. The present article is descriptive-analytical and uses the library method to examine the question in the two sections of recognizing the factors of social behavior and the organizational status of policies. Findings show that correct knowledge of the factors causing social and organizational behavior can help reduce the gap between social and organizational behaviors in rational environmental policy and given the political and cultural structure of developing countries, including Iran, Be the beginning of a major change in public policy.

Every civilization and society needs security and safety from threats to achieve its goals. One of the ways to objectify Islam's emphasis on the authenticity of peace and security is the use of diplomacy in relations with neighbors and other countries. Today, in the age of globalization, one of the important ways to realize the security and peace of the international system is to use the method of defense diplomacy. With the aim of explaining the role of defense diplomacy in realizing the security of Islamic civilization in the era of globalization, the current research answers the main question of how defense diplomacy can play a role in realizing the security of Islamic civilization in the era of globalization. In answering this question, interview tools with experts and questionnaires and library and document studies have been used. The type of this research is developmental-applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The results and findings of this research show that defense diplomacy through tools such as; The development of negotiations in the light of globalization, the exchange of defense equipment technology, arms control, conflict prevention, deterrence, peacekeeping and multilateral defense agreements play a role in realizing the security of Islamic civilization in the age of globalization.

Without a doubt, the formation of the Ansar Allah movement in Yemen and its rapid and influential growth and development should be evaluated among the consequences of the Iranian Islamic Revolution at the level of the West Asian region. A movement that, inspired by the ideas and ideals of the Islamic Revolution and using the policy and doctrine of resistance, was able to become one of the most effective political movements in the region in a short period of time. In such a situation, Saudi Arabia, by forming a coalition of Arab countries, started its air attack against Yemen's Ansarullah, claiming to support the resigned president of this country, and this process continues. The question of the research is how the doctrine of resistance has influenced the resistance of Yemen's Ansarullah in the process of the Saudi coalition war with this country? The hypothesis of this research is that considering the impact of the Islamic Revolution of Iran on the Yemeni Ansarullah movement, it seems that the doctrine of resistance has had an impact more than anything else from an ideological and intellectual point of view and through role modeling in the Saudi coalition war with this country.

Every organization has common values to achieve its goals and eachemploye behaves well by citing them and moving within the framework of their professional values. In other words, values show the correct way of doing work and distinguish between good and bad and will lead to rofessional performance to benefit patients.

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between professional values and professional behavior of nurses. 

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 nurses working in selected hospitals in Hamadan province using the convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, Revised Nurses’ Professional Values questionnaire (NPVS-R) and professional behavior questionnaire Goze. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26.

Data analysis shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between professional values and professional behavior of nurses  (r=0.454, P=0.0001). Also, the dimension of caring for professional values showed the highest correlation with the professional behavior of participants (P=0.0001, r=0.5). Simple linear regression test statistics show that the independent variable (occupational value) explains %20 of the variance of the occupational behavior variable in employed nurses. In other words, a standard deviation of a change in professional values will cause a 34% standard
deviation in the nurses’ professional behaviors variable.

Nurses provide professional values, and desirable behaviors in accordance with organizational rules and regulations, including compliance with professional standards, skills in performing job duties, and improving their scientific and practical knowledge. Managers and officials can play an important role in the professionalization of nurses and the emergence of behaviors based on the principles of the profession through educational planning and explaining the values of the nursing profession in retraining classes.

The growing trend of useless care might lead to negative consequences for patients, staff, and the organization. The employees who care for patients in their last stages of life for a long time might not tend to pay enough attention to the patients' pain. As a result, the quality of care services might be negatively affected. This study aimed to compare the perceptions of operating room technicians and nurses regarding futile care in the selected hospitals in Hamadan province, Iran from October to December.

Using available sampling method, the present descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 200 health care workers (114 nurses and 86 operating room technicians). Data collection tools included a two-part demographic information questionnaire and the perception of futile care designed based on the Corley’s Moral Distress Questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed in person and electronically. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26. We used frequency, mean, and standard deviation for descriptive statistics and independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for analytical statistics.

The mean score of nurses' perceptions regarding futile care was significantly higher (16.53±6.18) than that of operating room technicians. While the nurses' perceptions of futile care in both dimensions of intensity (66.71±13.72) and repetition (60.03 13 13.72) were at a high level, the perceptions operating room technicians in both dimensions of intensity (50.19±18.90) and repetition (52.43±18.8) were at an average level.

Nurses seem to have a relatively better understanding of futile care compared to operating room technicians. This is probably due to frequent contacts with patients overlooking death, as well as direct contacts with their family and relatives. In this regard, it is essential to develop guidelines in Iran delimiting the standards for the staff’s provision of futile care.

Citizenship rights are one of the factors of sustainable development and cause constructive interaction and strengthen cultural, social and legal convergences, and on the other hand, its education is the responsibility of the government and the country's educational system. The present study examines the performance of the education institution in teaching civil rights and the strategy for promoting civil rights education in Iran. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was formed using the content analysis approach. Library resources and electronic resources have been used in collecting research data. The analysis of studies conducted in the field of civil rights education in Iranian educational institutions showed that the basis of civil rights education is based on a centralized approach and emphasis on familiarity with theoretical principles of civil rights. Based; And the strategy of civil rights education based on the construction approach based on the interaction and relationship between structure and agent can lead to the development of socialization, rule of law and the promotion of civil rights education in Iran.

abstractKhuzestan province faced a new cultural, security, political, economic, and environmental trend since 2004. In this article, an attempt was made to examine the most important factors of the Khuzestan crisis.With a mixed approach, the researchers, while using the opinion documents of 5 experts, counted the factors of the crisis and after compiling and distributing the questionnaire, they counted the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and based on that, they presented coping strategies.Promoting and protecting the cultural discourse, making the economic, political and environmental system more efficient and confronting terrorist groups as a strategy, ethnic and religious convergence and water management as a solution, synergy of responsible institutions, cohesion and solidarity of ethnic groups, allocating a percentage of oil sales, monitoring the flow Anti-security as evaluation indicators and the degree of dependence on the Shiite religion, the amount of use of the provincial forces, and the reduction of terrorist acts were calculated as performance indicators.The nature of Khuzestan crisis is of a mixed nature. An issue that the effective and relevant actors have focused on soft measures with a combined design without hard measures, an issue that requires short-, medium- and long-term planning to limit and eventually stop it. Solving many of the described factors or reducing their effects and consequences, along with solving economic problems, will reduce harsh measures and ultimately reduce the phenomenon of religious changes.

In recent years, the international community has witnessed the rise of emerging economic powers (BRICS) in the world. Rosto has tried to sequence the stages of economic history. In Rosto's theory of economic development, any country that has successfully passed these stages has achieved development, and on the contrary, backward countries are forced to go through these stages to the stage of development. The main issue of the article is to what extent the strategy for the development of emerging economic powers (BRICS) is consistent with the approach and stages of economic growth of Rosto theory? The main hypothesis of the research is in response to the question that the strategy of developing emerging economic powers (BRICS) in relation to issues such as the use of foreign economic-political opportunities and increasing trade in relative compliance with Rostow's theory of linear Western economic growth. In the field of exploitation of internal resources, the alignment of economic and human indicators is based on reducing the dependence and economic-political influence in world affairs in the form of the process of human economic development in relative contrast with the principles of Rostow theory. This research is analyzed by library method and analytical-descriptive method.

Today, due to advances in science and technology and dealing with various moral issues, nurses experience more distress. Therefore, the behavioral framework of nurses and the quality of services provided to patients can be influenced by the ethical climate in the hospital. Moreover, the moral distress and moral climate in the hospital can influence the nurses' job involvement. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between moral climate and moral distress with the job involvement of nurses working in hospitals affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 140 nurses working in hospitals affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, Hospital Ethical Climate Survey, Revised Moral Distress Scale, and Kanungo Job Involvement Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 23 software.

The mean score of the intensity of moral distress was 3.81±1.25 and the frequency of moral distress was 2.6±1.3. The mean scores of moral climate and job involvement were 3.91±1.68 and 2.71±1.1, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between moral climate and nurses' job involvement (r=0.41, P<0.001). A significant negative relationship was observed between the intensity of nurses' perceived moral distress and their job involvement (r=- 0.36, P=0.03).

According to the research findings, it can be noted that reducing moral distress and improving the hospital's moral climate can play important roles in improving nurses' job involvement.

The main issue of this research is the study of the crisis in Khuzestan province from 2005 to 2021 with emphasis on the economic field. Researchers with a mixed approach, using documents, obtaining the opinion of 5 experts and MAXQDA 2020 software, count the economic factors of the crisis and after compiling and distributing the questionnaire, purposefully count the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. And based on that, they presented coping strategies.. After data crossover (SWOT), the efficiency of the province's economic system through the responsibility of oil, petrochemical, gas, industry, steel companies, the use of specialized local forces, activating industrial agriculture, effective infrastructure measures With the aim of increasing the welfare of the people as a strategy, renovation and improvement of roads and suburban areas, organizing border markets, comprehensive development of the province and considering adequate budget, etc. as a solution to combat organized economic trafficking, relying on domestic issues, Allocating a percentage of sales of oil and petrochemical products for the development of the province as implementation requirements and strengthening the economic strength and livelihood of the people, increasing employment, eliminating unemployment in the province, measuring the use of local forces in oil, petrochemical and .... The title of control and monitoring indicators was identified.. The Studies show that the preparation of the authorities to solve the economic problems of the province minimizes the security crisis of the province in the field of anti-security measures

Security is the most basic conscious action of the human mind, the most basic need of society and the guarantor of the sufficiency and survival of the system. The Islamic Revolution of Iran, while adopting a realistic approach to security, has deep epistemological foundations in theory and a revolutionary and unique pragmatic action in the approach, which is demonstrated in the thoughts of the pioneers of the Revolution. As regards that some research for realization of these thoughts have methodological, posterior defects and based on superficial content analysis and sometimes have no theoretical basis.This present study is a systematic attempt to extract the fundamental variables in the security-intelligence ideas of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution through an integrated methodological innovation that after quantitative validation through heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modeling discovered the nature of these variables based on the effect matrix analysis. The results of the research showed that there are 17 fundamental variables with acceptable Load factor in four components of "ethical", "content and value", "operational and executive" and "evaluation and feedback" in their thinking that are in terms of nature, it categorized in influential variables (fundamental, environmental), two-dimensional variables (risk, goal), dependent variables, independent variables (exception, secondary leverage), strategic variables and regulatory variables. Common world security theories are unique. The results of this research provide an accredited, reliable and valid model for system strategists.