محمداسماعیل ابراهیمی

Academic anxiety is one of the important emotional factors in education, which is ambiguous and complicated for many students, so this research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of therapy based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy in a group way on students' academic anxiety.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research population included all the male secondary school students of the 2nd district of Hamedan city who were studying in the academic year of 2022-2023. From these, 3 groups of 20 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups and answered the Phillips (1978) academic anxiety questionnaire in two pre- and post-test sessions. The subjects of the experimental group were treated with the approach of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy, during 8 sessions, 1 session of 60 minutes per week, but no training was given to the control group. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS software and using the analysis of covariance test and a significant level of p < 0.05.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of the post-test of the group treated by the acceptance and commitment method and the mean of the post-test of the group treated by the reality therapy method in a group way (i-j=-13.75, sig=0.01). Therefore, it can be said with 99% certainty: The effect of the treatment method based on acceptance and commitment is more than the effect of the group-based reality therapy method on academic anxiety

Multiple sclerosis is one of the most important diseases of the nervous system, the prevalence of which is two to three times higher in women than in men. The main cause of this disease is not known and there is no definitive treatment for it. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of commitment-based therapy and group reality therapy on the general health of women with multiple sclerosis.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The research population consisted of all married women with multiple sclerosis in Hamadan city in 2023. From this number, 3 groups of 15 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups and answered the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (1979) in three pre-test, post-test and follow-up sessions. The subjects of the experimental group were treated with the approach of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy, during 8 sessions, 1 session of 60 minutes per week, but no training was given to the control group. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS version 26 software and using the mixed variance analysis test and a significant level of p < 0.05.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the general health scores in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages, and the difference between the post-test and follow-up scores is significant. The comparison of the adjusted means showed that the general health scores in the pre-test stage (M=52.4) are higher than the post-test stage (M=46.8) and the follow-up stage (M=46.6). Also, there is a significant difference between the effect of the first and second experimental groups and the control group. The comparison of the averages shows that the general health scores in the first experimental group are based on acceptance and commitment (M=44.5, Eta=0.335), and the group Experimental reality therapy (M=47.3, Eta=0.227) is more than the control group (M=54.1). Also, in relation to the interaction between the stages and group factors, the F value calculated for the effect of the stages (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) between the three test and control groups is significant at the 0.01 level (Eta=0.245, <0.01). P=F 6.818), as a result, there is a significant difference between the average scores of the pre-test, post-test and general health follow-up in the three groups.

According to the results of this research, it can be said that treatment based on acceptance and commitment and treatment based on reality therapy led to general health in women.

Adolescence is a unique period of transition that is associated with physical, psychological and social changes. In addition to these changes, the discovery of identity is also considered one of the most important features of this period, and for this reason, in this period, the need for independence increases and they look for their self-concept and values, and this process leads to changes in the family, and this change leads to other changes. In parent-child relationships, this research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of therapy based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy in a group manner on the parent-child relationship in teenage students.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research population included all the male secondary school students of the 2nd district of Hamadan city who were studying in the academic year of 2022-2023. From these, 3 groups of 20 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups and were administered the parent-child relationship evaluation questionnaire by Fine, Moreland and Scobel in two pre-post sessions. They answered the test. The subjects of the experimental group were treated with the approach of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy, during 8 sessions, 1 session of 60 minutes per week, but no training was given to the control group. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS software and using the analysis of covariance test and a significant level of p < 0.05.

The results showed that the post-test average of the group treated with the treatment approach based on acceptance and commitment on the father-child relationship is 20.5 points higher than the control group (i-j=20.5, sig=0.034). Also, the mean post-test of the group treated by reality therapy method on the parent-child relationship is 42.9 points higher than the control group (i-j=42.9, sig=0.0001).

According to the results of this research, it can be said that therapy based on acceptance and commitment and therapy based on reality therapy led to the improvement of father-child relationship.

in the healthcare sector affected by marital infidelity in Lorestan Province during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 

Methods and Materials: 

This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre-test and post-test design with control and experimental groups. The statistical population included working women in the healthcare sector of Lorestan Province who had sought counseling due to their spouse's marital infidelity during the COVID-19 period. Thirty women were randomly divided into three groups: Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy, ACT, and a control group. Data collection tools included the Positive Feelings Toward Spouse Questionnaire and the Roselt Divorce Desire Questionnaire. The therapeutic interventions were conducted over eight 90-minute sessions across two months.
 

The results indicated that both approaches, Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy and ACT, significantly increased positive feelings toward the spouse and reduced the desire for divorce compared to the control group. Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy relatively showed more effectiveness in enhancing positive feelings toward the spouse. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant differences between groups and interactive effects of time and group.
 

The present study demonstrated that both therapeutic approaches, Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy and ACT, can effectively improve positive feelings toward the spouse and reduce the desire for divorce in working women in the healthcare sector affected by marital infidelity. These findings can aid counselors and therapists in providing more effective interventions and facilitate the improvement of quality of life and marital relationships.

Infertility is a major life event that can induce severe psychological stress in couples, especially women. This protocol-based study aims to assess the effect of an abbreviated online mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on the distress and quality of life (QoL) of infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive technology fertility treatments.

This study outlines a protocol for a randomized clinical trial involving 70 infertile women in Iran, who will be randomly divided into two groups of control (n=35) and intervention (n=35). To collect data, a sociodemographic/medical-fertility form, the general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), Newton’s fertility problem inventory, the infertility distress scale (IDS), and the QoL questionnaire for infertile women will be used. The online MBI will provided in groups of seven, once per week, for four weeks, each session for two hours. Data analysis will be performed in SPSS software, version 25.

The goal of this protocol-based study is to introduce a clinical trial that assess the effect of online MBI for reducing distress and thereby improving the QoL and mental health of infertile women in Iran. Given the prevalence of infertility and the importance of MBI, the results of the clinical trial can be highly beneficial.

This study examined the short scale psychometric properties of areas of worry in the Iranian students. In this descriptive-survey research 250 students between the ages (19 to 47) and mean of 25.16 ± 4.30 selected with cluster class sampling from the students of Hamadan Islamic Azad University and they answered to "areas of worry", "meta-cognitive beliefs", “pervasive anxiety” and “Penn State worry". Cronbach Alpha Coefficient (0.78), "Concurrent validity" (Cognitive beliefs, 0.28), "Criterion validity" (Penn State worry, 0.19) were all in the significant of p < 0.01. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the 10-item scale of “areas of worry” in the Iranian population has four factors instead of five factors in foreign studies and together they could explain 76% of the scale variance. Therefore, the questionnaire of areas of worry is a valid and reliable tool for measuring worry.

Introduction:

 Modern life's most significant stressor is divorce, drastically altering a person's lifestyle. Divorce lowers self-efficacy in women and single mothers. Bandura's social-cognitive theory defines self-efficacy as a person's perception of competence, sufficiency, and life-coping abilities. This study also assessed responsibility. Responsibility is meeting needs without denying others.Psychologists and counselors utilize many methods to boost self-efficacy and responsibility. This study uses acceptance and commitment, and reality therapy. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) helps people alter their connection with their ideas and emotions via acceptance and value-based behavior. William Glasser calls reality therapy a choice-based evolutionary systemic psychotherapy. This theory views humans as an inwardly motivated system with purposeful activity and a perpetual pursuit of life balance. Research indicates that ACT can provide significant support and benefits to women who are going through or have completed the divorce process. In addition to prioritizing action and strategic planning, these two behavioral models concentrate on distinct aspects of human life, which forms the basis of their comparison. This study examines whether ACT and reality therapy, which view destructive relationships as the root of human problems, have the same effect on divorced women's self-efficacy and responsibility.

Methods :

Quantitative and applied, this quasi-experimental study has a pre-test, post-test, and 3-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population includes all divorced women in Hamedan who were referred to family court-supervised therapy clinics between 2019 and 2021. Inclusion criteria:1. Participants are assessed for mental health using the Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised questionnaire (Derogatis et al., 1973) and accepted if they are healthy. 2. 25-45-year-olds participate. 3. Divorced 1-3 years. 4. Participants are high school graduates. Exclusion criteria:1. Psychologically treated participants. 2. Non-drug-treated participants. 3. Missed training sessions. 4. Study participants can quit. Following procurement of the ethical code (IR-IAU-REC.1401.076) from the university, the research team made visits to Rouzbeh, Farzaneh, and Mehravar counseling centers in Hamedan, Iran, to seek permission for conducting research. Eligible individuals signed informed consent papers, and a university staff member led two experimental groups via eight weekly 90-minute therapy sessions. The control group received no intervention. Professional ethics require that control group members receive individual therapies following the treatment period. After the intervention, all groups had a post-test and follow-up and thanked the participants. Collecting data:1. Responsibility Acceptance Questionnaire (Gap, 1984). 2. GSEQ (Sherer et al., 1982). 3, Reality Therapy Procedure. 4. ACT Protocol. Results A total of 55 participants were divided among three groups: reality therapy (18 participants), ACT (17 participants), and a control group (20 participants). The average age of participants in the reality therapy group was 31.33 years, with a standard deviation (SD) of 4.17 years. Meanwhile, those in the ACT group had an average age of 30.18 years with a SD of 7.04 years. Lastly, the Control group's members had a mean age of 32.20 years and a SD of 4.34 years. Within the group of reality therapy participants, 12 were parents, while six were not. Conversely, in the ACT group, only four participants had children, whereas 13 did not. The control group consisted of seven parents and 13 individuals without children. As for educational background, six members of the reality therapy group and nine members of the control group had graduated high school, while three did not. In the ACT group, nine participants held a high school diploma, six had further education, and two did not complete high school. The control group comprised eight high school graduates, ten with further education, and two who did not finish high school. Regarding marriage longevity, marriages among reality therapy participants lasted between 22.5 and 42.2 years. Couples in the ACT group were married for either 53.5 or 38.2 years, while those in the control group had marriages lasting 15.6 or 18.2 years. Lastly, the average time post-divorce for the reality therapy group was 24.67 to 7.84 months. ACT group had 27.06 and 0.94 months since the divorce. The control group was 26.55 and 7.19 months divorced.

Results:

 demonstrate the three research groups' pre-test, post-test, and follow-up responsibility and self-efficacy components. Both experimental groups increased responsibility and self-efficacy post-test and follow-ups. Control remained unaltered. The Shapiro-Wilk values of the dependent variables for the three groups of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up were examined to assess data distribution normality. Both dependent variables were negligible in all three groups and stages. Group and three study stage dependent variables are normally distributed. Levene’s test examined group homogeneity assumption of responsibility and self-efficacy error variances. Levene's test demonstrates that groups and three stages had an equal variance in responsibility and self-efficacy measure error scores. This helps research variable error variance homogeneity. Mauchly's test confirmed the dependent variables' covariance matrices' sphericity. Repeated measures analysis of variance analyzed data after validating assumptions. Results demonstrate the reality and ACT therapy multivariate analysis on responsibility and self-efficacy. Results demonstrate that independent variables significantly affect responsibility and self-efficacy. Results illustrate repeated measures analysis of realism, ACT improving responsibility and self-efficacy. Responsibility and self-efficacy reveal solid group-time connections. Independent variables strongly affected responsibility and self-efficacy. Finally, Findings present responsibility and self-efficacy Bonferroni post-hoc test findings for the three groups and implementation stages. Results show that pre-test and post-test responsibility and mean self-efficacy scores differ statistically. Accordingly, post-test and follow-up differ. Responsibility and self-efficacy scores differ between reality therapy, ACT, and controls. Reality, acceptance, and commitment treatment increased pre-test, post-test, follow-up responsibility, and mean self-efficacy scores. Reality therapy, ACT differ significantly in responsibility and self-efficacy (P=0.015 and 0.042, respectively). This study found that reality therapy and ACT improved divorced women's accountability and self-efficacy. Reality therapy improves divorced women's responsibility more than ACT, which improves self-efficacy.

Conclusion:

 ACT increases divorced women's accountability. Afshari et al. (2022) (27), Barrett-Naylor et al. (2018) (28), and Flujas-Contreras and Gomez (2018) (29) found similar results.In the ACT model, participants learn to accept painful inner and exterior situations without fighting or coping. Acceptance lets people follow their values and give up control. This approach emphasizes goal formulation and values defined as the life route. Goals and values are personal. Divorced women have learned that obsessing over previous events and toxic relationships with their spouses does not help them have a worthwhile, rich, and entire life, and they must focus on the present to responsibly create their future.Reality therapy can also make divorced women more responsible. This matches Yadolahi Saber et al. (2019) (7). Reality therapy has proven beneficial in assisting divorced women to embrace self-acceptance, circumvent justifications, and desist from attributing blame to external circumstances or past events. It enables them to confront reality by focusing on aspects within their control—such as their thoughts, actions, and behaviors—while accepting those beyond their reach, such as divorce and external factors. Moreover, this therapeutic approach fosters optimism toward the future while helping them steer clear of common pitfalls. Divorced women may cope with their past and make better choices in the present by addressing their basic needs responsibly.Reality therapy outperformed ACT in enhancing divorced women's responsibility, and this matches Afshari et al study (2022) (27). Since one of reality therapy's core principles is to increase human responsibility, and a large portion of therapy sessions aim to increase group members' responsibility, reality therapy was expected to be more effective at increasing responsibility. Reality therapy is an existential and experiential therapy that respects the right to choose and requires individual accountability and responsibility. Existential therapies hold people responsible for their actions and choices, not past events, parental behavior, genes, negative events, fate, or unconsciousness. Reality therapists accept these aspects' impact but do not consider them the key determinants.ACT increased divorced women's self-efficacy. Eskandari (2020) (19), Raeesi et al (2021) (33), and Asadi Khalili et al (2020) (34) found similar results.Individuals who doubt their ability to adapt to change or who question their self-worth often find themselves stuck in the initial stage of unawareness. This can lead to a pessimistic view of change. These individuals must build self-efficacy and self-confidence to take action and sustain it. Most therapies—including ACT—require client control. Self-efficacy determines my ability. ACT tasks and values enhance self-efficacy. Flexibility, clarifying beliefs, communicating change, and completing activities can boost self-efficacy and client responsibility in acceptance and commitment therapy. Divorced women gain self-confidence from reality therapy. Asadi Khalili et al (2020) (34), Li et al (2018) (36), and Low and Gue (2015) concur (37). Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to accomplish tasks or adapt to various circumstances successfully. However, crises can significantly hinder this confidence. For example, divorce can lead to mental health issues in women. World therapy offers a solution, aiding women in managing these challenges by facilitating the creation of a supportive environment.Reality therapy has taught participants to face problems, not blame others, use internal control instead of external control, take responsibility, and use all their abilities to handle divorce issues. This method helps women solve problems instead of arguing or fleeing, boosting their responsibility and self-efficacy.The results showed that reality therapy was less effective than acceptance and commitment therapy at increasing self-efficacy in divorced women. Asadi Khalili et al (2020) found similar results (34).ACT could potentially surpass reality therapy in effectiveness, given its proven strategies. These techniques have demonstrated success in both laboratory and experimental studies involving diverse groups. Reality Therapy, being a more recent approach, is still in its evolving stages. Targeted ACT can give people quick and deep insight, giving them the courage and strong will to plan intelligently, start a program, and continue despite opposition from others or their negative self-concepts, which Steven Hayes says is an effective way to cope with failure. Divorced women agree with Steven Hayes that "the problem is not whether you have hardships and pain in your life, because life is always accompanied by pain and suffering of humans." Your life values these difficulties." High self-efficacy. Reality therapy increases self-efficacy, while ACT is better for some reasons.Reality therapy is more successful in increasing responsibility and self-efficacy in divorced women than ACT. Counselors and psychotherapists can use both methods to help divorced women. The COVID-19 pandemic limited class attendance, limiting this study. Divorced women's issues necessitated frequent follow-ups and encouragement to continue sessions. Social workers may help future studies focus on teaching and therapy. Given the effectiveness of ACT and Reality therapy, therapists and researchers should do a qualitative study combining both approaches to benefit divorced women.

Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating disease that affects patients with a variety of problems, including reduced function, reduced life expectancy, and emotional and economic problems. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting suicidal ideation based on self-compassion in married women with MS in Hamadan.

The present study was a descriptive correlational study and its statistical population was 153 women with MS in Hamadan who were selected by convenience sampling method and 110 people were selected and studied based on Krejcie and Morgan sampling table. Suicidal tendencies, self-compassion, and psychological resilience were assessed by Beck's Suicide Tendency (1979), Nef's Self-compassion (2003), and Bond & etal (2011) Psychological Flexibility Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient test using SPSS software version 25.

The value of r was -0.385 in the confidence level was more than 0.95 and this means that with increasing self-compassion of women, their suicidal tendency decreases.

Self-compassion and psychological flexibility had a negative effect on the tendency of women with MS to commit suicide, so developing appropriate psychological programs to increase psychological flexibility centered on self-compassion for these patients can be useful.

Adolescence is a risky period in terms of choosing a job and the future, because all the main characteristics of personality and career interests and desires, work values and choosing a career path are formed in this period. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Steven Hayes' acceptance and commitment therapy, emphasizing the approaches of awareness, acceptance, commitment, and behavior change on aggression, cognitive flexibility, and self-efficacy in career decision making.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research population included all teenage girls in Yazd city who were studying in the second secondary level in the academic year 1401-1402, and from these, 2 groups of 15 people were selected by cluster sampling method and randomly divided into two intervention groups and a control group. They were divided and responded to Bass and Perry aggression questionnaire, psychological flexibility questionnaire by Hayes and Betz and Taylor self-efficacy questionnaire in two pre-test and post-test stages. The subjects of the experimental group were trained in acceptance and commitment-based therapy in a group (in the form of training and skills) for 1 session of 60 minutes per week for 2 months, but no training was given to the control group during this period. The data were statistically analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance with a significance level of p<0.05 and using SPSS version 23 software.

The survey results showed; the treatment based on acceptance and commitment was not effective on aggression, psychological flexibility, but it was effective on the self-efficacy of career path decision-making with a significance level of less than 1%, but it was effective compared to the control group (P≤0.01).

Therefore, treatment based on acceptance and commitment has been effective on students' mental health and decision-making due to the nature of skills training.

Divorce can have a bad effect on a person's psychological flexibility and self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on psychological flexibility and self-efficacy of divorced women.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The research population included all the divorced women of Hamedan city, Iran who went to the family court of Hamedan city between 2017–2021 and got divorced. From which, 2 groups of 20 people were randomly selected to the experimental control groups. Then the number diminished to 17 people. They responded to the psychological flexibility questionnaire (acceptance and action) and the general self-efficacy questionnaire of Sherer et al. The subjects of the experimental group were trained in acceptance and commitment therapy in a group manner (in the form of training and skills), 1 session of 90 minutes per week. During this period, the control group had not take any training. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS software and using the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements and a significant level of p < 0.05.

The analysis of the results showed that treatment based on acceptance and action leads to an increase in psychological flexibility and self-efficacy in divorced women. In the follow-up stage, the changes remained (P=0.010).

The therapy based on forgiveness and commitment can be used to increase the psychological flexibility and self-efficacy of divorced women.

Marital satisfaction is a personal experience in marriage that can only be evaluated by the individual in response to the level of enjoyment of the marital relationship, and there are many factors that affect marital satisfaction in a shared life, and this feeling plays an important role in the level of normal family functioning. , the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting marital satisfaction based on initial incompatible schemas, social support and couple attachment styles in married women of Sanandaj city.

The current research is a descriptive study of the correlation type and the statistical population of those married women who referred to family counseling service centers in Sanandaj city in the middle of 1400 with a number of 440 people, who were selected by random sampling method and based on the sampling table of Karjesi and Morgan. 205 people were selected and studied. Research variables were conducted by Enrich's Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires, Young's early maladaptive schemas, Sherborn and Stewart's social support, and Collins and Reed's attachment styles. The obtained data were analyzed using multiple linear regression tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient test with the help of SPSS version 25 software.

The research results showed that marital satisfaction can be predicted based on initial incompatible schemas, social support and couple attachment styles in married women of Sanandaj city (p < 0.05). Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and primary maladaptive schemas, and a positive and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and social support and attachment styles (p<0.05).

The results showed that marital satisfaction can be predicted based on the initial maladaptive schemas, social support and couple attachment styles in married women.

Love is one of the most important and fundamental mystical topics that is prominently raised in Islamic mysticism and in the works and thought of Rumi; In the way that in Masnavi, love is one of the ways to reach God's connection and perish in His essence and survive in Him. In Rumi's mystical thought, the ultimate goal of love is the unity of the lover and the beloved; But in Yalom's opinion, love is one of the meaningful components of life. He acknowledges the power of love in transforming a person and giving meaning to life. Although he likened love to religious ecstasies; But due to not believing in the supernatural and not paying attention to spiritual matters among the types of love, he has only paid attention to earthly love. Among the types of earthly love, his attention is mostly focused on carnal and somehow moral love. This research aims to investigate the components of love in the thought of Rumi and Yalom in a descriptive-comparative way. The result of the research shows that Yalom believes that love should be mature and developed and believes that love brings with it responsibility and the person in love should be responsible for the physical and psychological needs of the beloved and for his/her uniqueness, be valued Like Yalom, Rumi believes that love gives meaning and warmth to life, and also that love brings responsibility; In such a way that his alignment with Yalom in this theory is clearly visible in his poems.

Emotional divorce happens when a man and a woman live coldly together but do not request a legal divorce. So the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of acceptance and commitment group therapy (ACT) on emotional divorce and self-efficacy of couples.

This was a controlled experiment. In 2020, Bu Ali town, Hamedan province, had 338 married factory workers. Authors chose 60 emotional divorce sufferers using a questionnaire. 40 persons with average self-efficacy questionnaire ratings were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 weeks of acceptance and commitment-based treatment, while the control group received no intervention. Gottman's 1994 Emotional Divorce Questionnaire and Scherer et al1982.’s self-efficacy questionnaire were utilized as pre- and post-test. SPSS version 23 analyzed data. Shapiro-Wilk test assessed variable distribution normality. The scores in the experimental and control groups are normal because emotional divorce and self-efficacy are significant (P < 0.05). Leven's test tested the population's two groups' variance equality.

In the post-test phase, the findings of the analysis of covariance showed that acceptance and commitment group therapy resulted in lower scores of emotional divorce (p less than 0.05) and higher levels of self-efficacy (p less than 0.05) in the experimental group in comparison to the control group. Both the emotional divorce variable (P = 0.414, F = 0.682) and the self-efficacy variable (P = 0.601, F = 0.278) were found to have identical variances according to the results of the Leven test (P = 0.601, F = 0.278).

Acceptance and commitment group therapy was able to significantly reduce emotional divorce and increase self-efficacy compared to the control group. Therefore, it is possible to prevent acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce emotional divorce and prevent psychological and social damage.

This study has been pursued in order to compare the effectiveness of individual and group ACT on both panic and agoraphobia. This research is semi-experimental executed in pre-post forms with two experimental groups, and no control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all clients of a psychology clinic in Tehran between February 2018 to June 2018 who had been diagnosed to have panic attack and agoraphobia disorders according to DSM 5 and responses to Barlow and Zinbarg (1996) Panic & Agoraphobia questionnaire. The sample consists of 6 in individual therapy and 10 in group therapy. Individual therapy for per individual was held in eight 60-minute sessions and group therapy was held in eight 120-minute. The therapy plan for both groups included the same practice and discussed topics. Data analysis was done in descriptive statistical method and covariance by SPSS V.22 software. The result manifests group ACT in variables related to panic attack, agoraphobia and fear of crowded places has more effect in comparison with individual therapy. In the case of inner fears, no considerable difference between group therapy and individual therapy was observed. Based on these findings, the variables in which group treatment is effective are more related to interpersonal relationships, but internal fear is more likely to be attributed to individual defects.

Women with multiple sclerosis have always faced many challenges, and their mental and sexual health are important concerns for health systems. So the present study aims to determine the effect of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on the mental health and sexual desire of women with MS during Covid-19 pandemic.

The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research was made up of women suffering from MS in Hamadan city in 2019. The sampling method was the available method, based on which 40 people were randomly placed in two groups of 20 people, experimental and control. Then the treatment based on acceptance and commitment was implemented on the experimental group during eight 90-minute sessions, but the control group did not receive the intervention. The research tools included two questionnaires of sexuality by Halbert and Apt (1992) and mental health by Goldberg (1979). In order to analyze the data, univariate and multivariate covariance analysis was used.

The analysis of the results showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment causes a significant increase in the average sexual desire of women with MS. Also, the average physical dysfunction, anxiety and social dysfunction also decreased significantly. But it had no effect on the depression of women with MS.

Acceptance and commitment therapy can play an important role in improving the level of mental health, sexual desire and, as a result, the quality of life of women with MS in the difficult conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic.

 Premenstrual syndrome is one of the most common disorders of puberty age in women. This syndrome is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety, stress management and anxiety reduction can probably be effective in relieving the symptoms of this syndrome. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioural stress management training on reducing depressive symptoms in women with premenstrual syndrome.

This was a quasi-experimental study of pre-test and post-test with experimental group and control group. The statistical population included all women aged 15 to 45 years in Hamadan city (Iran) who were selected from 40 patients in clusters and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of cognitive-behavioural stress management training and the control group did not receive any training. Both groups answered the short form of Beck Depression Inventory (1996) before and after the intervention and the results were analysed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that the depressive state in the experimental group before the intervention was 26.4 ± 5.36 which after treatment and intervention reached 18.75 ± 4.56 which showed a significant decrease (P=0.01). But in the control group before the experiment, it was 26.5 ± 10.38, which reached 27.55 ± 8.74, with no significant change.

The findings of this study indicate that cognitive-behavioural stress management training was effective in reducing depressive symptoms in women with premenstrual syndrome and the results of this study can be used to develop public health.

One of the essential health variables is resilience, a psychological component that increases the human ability to adapt and overcome dangers and difficulties. One of the most important problems in adulthood is job satisfaction. It is a positive and pleasant feeling that a person has about his job and is related to work stress. At present, lifestyle is considered one of the main indicators of health, which leads to the promotion of health. Resilience and job satisfaction can be optimized in educational settings. As previous theoretical and empirical studies have shown, these two components are not fixed variables. They can be taught and learned by scientific and theoretical theories to enhance resilience in people and improve their job satisfaction. In this regard, using the global health model and positive education can lead to valuable results. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle training based on the model of the World Health Organization on resilience and job satisfaction of government employees in Hamadan Province, Iran.

The current research was conducted with a quasi–experimental method with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The study population included all managers and civil servants with physical disabilities in Hamadan Province, Iran, in 2017 (about 217 people). The sampling method was purposive and based on the research questionnaires. Their resilience and their job satisfaction were assessed via Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003) and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (Smith et al., 2014). Ninety people were randomly selected for the first phase of the study. After explaining the content of the research, its specific goals and conditions, as well as their disabilities at the time of conducting the research, finally, 30 individuals were selected who had low scores in both resilience and job satisfaction tests. The subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group (each group 15). The inclusion criteria were obtaining a score less than 50 on the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, obtaining a score of 72 and less in the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and having a minimum age of 40 years. The exclusion criteria included a person with debilitating diseases, severe cardiovascular disorders, and disabling musculoskeletal disorders (the presence or absence of these diseases was assessed by self–report) and absence of at least three sessions from the training classes. For the experiment group, we provided the lifestyle training according to the World Health Model (2013) and no training was provided for the control group. The research data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (the multivariate analysis of covariance) in SPSS version 25. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

After removing the pretest effect, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the mean resilience of the studied employees (F=126.237, p<0.001). In addition, in the job satisfaction variable, after removing the pretest effect, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the mean job satisfaction (F=106.148, p<0.001).

The results show that healthy lifestyle education is effective on staff’s resilience and job satisfaction. Based on the findings of this study, life style training program can be considered an effective way to promote resiliency and job satisfaction in employees.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a model of adolescent psychological well-being based on basic needs, parent-child relationship and responsibility through self-efficacy.

The research method is applied and descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study included first grade high school girls in the second district of Hamadan in the academic year 1399-1398 (n = 1200). The sample group was selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method with 3 people. Standard questionnaires for satisfying basic psychological needs, responsibility, parent-child relationship, psychological well-being and general self-efficacy were used to collect information. Data analysis was also done using SmartPLS structural equations.

The results showed that the psychological well-being model of adolescents based on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, parent-child relationship and responsibility with self-efficacy mediation has a good fit. Also, the variables of basic needs satisfaction, parent-child relationship, responsibility and self-efficacy can predict adolescents' psychological well-being. In addition, the results showed that self-efficacy plays a mediating role in predicting adolescent psychological well-being based on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, parent-child relationship and responsibility.

The results showed that there is a relationship between adolescents' psychological well-being model based on basic needs, parent-child relationship and responsibility with mediation of self-efficacy.

The aim of this study was to study the effectiveness of teaching choice theory on the basic needs satisfaction and level of violence among high school girls in Hamadan.The research method was-experiment in the form of a pre-test, post-test design. The study participants in this study are all female students of the second grade of high school in Hamadan, who was studying in the academic year 1396-97. The model includes 30  female students of the first and second grades of high school who were nominated by a random multi-cluster sampling method. Finally, by simple random sampling method, they were allocated into experiment and control groups. For data gathering, the Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992) and 70-item Glasser Basic Needs Questionnaire were used. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance test with SPSS_25 software was used. The results show that the teaching choice theory is effective in reducing physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hate, and absence of satisfaction of the need for existence, power, love, fun, freedom of students (p <0.05).In this study, the highest effectiveness is the satisfaction of the absence of need for freedom and the least effectiveness is the satisfaction of the absence of need for love and belonging. Thus, it can be concluded that teaching choice theory to female students can be a useful and effective method to reduce the scopes of aggression and the lack of satisfaction with their needs. This data can be used in the direction of treatment arrangement and scientific interventions to decrease aggression in female high school students.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive disease of the central nervous system that severely affects the individuals' physical health and psychological well-being. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acceptance-commitment therapy on the resilience and psychological well-being of women with MS in Hamadan Province, Iran.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of women with MS in Hamadan, Iran. In total, 40 women were randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (20 cases per group). The intervention group participated in eight 90-min sessions of virtual acceptance-commitment group therapy (one session per week). On the other hand, the control group received no intervention. The resilience and psychological well-being of the both groups were measured before and after the intervention using Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being, followed by analysis of covariance. Regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were used after ensuring that the statistical assumptions were met.

The mean values of resilience in the intervention and control groups at pretest were obtained at 43.33±3.16 and 43.80±3.53 (P>0.05), and the corresponding values were determined at 53.13±2.85 and 43.47±4.05 (P<0.05) at the posttest, respectively. Furthermore, the mean values of the psychological well-being in the intervention and control groups at pretest were calculated at 119.38±7.59 and 94.07±7.36 (P>0.05), and the corresponding values were 163.67±10.96 and 94.97±9.63 (P<0.05) at the posttest, respectively. This indicated a significant difference between the intervention and control groups.

The results showed that the acceptance-commitment therapy increased the resilience and psychological well-being of the patients with MS.

Comparing different therapeutic approaches in psychology can help therapists identify their time, cost, and effectiveness; Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Gestalt coaching training and treatment based on acceptance and commitment on controlling of Tehran Telecommunication Company employees.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all employees of Perso Electronic Telecommunication Company in Tehran in 1398, from which according to Cohen's table, 45 people were selected by relative random sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group. The research instruments included Taghizadeh Tendency to Control Others Questionnaire (1396). The experimental groups underwent Gestalt coaching training and acceptance and commitment treatment. Data were analyzed by repeated measures and ANOVA test.

There was a significant difference between the effectiveness of Gestalt coaching training with acceptance and commitment-based treatment on reducing control (P ≤ 0.001). The effectiveness of gestalt training in both post-test and follow-up was more effective than acceptance and commitment therapy (P ≤ 0.001).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Gestalt coaching training and treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be a good way to reduce staff control.

Considering the importance of students’ well-being and the study of variables affecting it, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between basic psychological needs gratification and students’ psychological well-being.

The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all female junior high school students in the second district of Hamedan in the academic year 2019-2020 (N = 1200). The statistical sample of this study was selected using Two-stage cluster random sampling method with 302. For data collection, Basic Needs Gratification (Haftlang et.al, 2015), Psychological Well-being (Ryff & Keyes, 1989) and General Self-efficacy (Sherer and Maddux, 1982) questionnaires were used. The collected data were also analyzed using AMOS structural equations.

The results of data analysis showed that the gratification of basic psychological needs and self-efficacy explain 63% of the variance of psychological well-being. Gratification of basic psychological needs explains 39% of the variance in self-efficacy. In addition, self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on adolescent psychological well-being (p <0.001) and self-efficacy in the relationship between basic needs and psychological well-being of adolescents has a positive mediating role. And has significance (p <0.001).

Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the psychological well-being model of adolescents has a good fit based on the gratification of basic psychological needswith self-efficacy mediation. The results of this study also showed that self-efficacy has an important role in satisfying the basic psychological needs and psychological well-being of students; therefore, satisfying the basic needs of students leads to increasing their self-efficacy and ultimately can be very effective in increasing the psychological well-being of students.