فهرست مطالب محمدتقی کرمی قهی

This research, by listening to a part of the mothers, achieves an image of their actions to change the distribution of the sensible. With Rancière's literature, which focuses its theoretical lens on the exclusion of workers in the distribution of the sensible, the sample of mothers in this study can be considered among those excluded from the privilege of thinking. Rancière's point of view, which considers the working class not as a passive class and in need of a revolutionary intellectual, but as a group with active subjectivity, in this research will be a way to visualize the actions of mothers in the 1980s in Iran. A group that, due to the classification of the society based on the educational system, is considered as a class lacking institutional knowledge, in a double form on the ancestral form (smallness), subordinate to the privilege of thinking. However, they live the impossible by doubting the “considered natural order” and by looking for equality, which their raw materials were generally experienced in the event of the 1979 revolution. They have succeeded in changing the distribution of the sensible. A narrative interview was conducted with 12 samples. Findings were presented in the final theme "Mothers not destined to think, make the political" including two main themes "Egalitarian reading of religion against police speech", "Egalitarian care against police care" and contains five sub-themes. The narrators have created the adventurous values in the lives of girls. It seems necessary to doubt the habitude of seeking equality

Feminist theology, mainly, is committed to dealing with theology to empower and liberate women. The theologian feminists have taken three approaches to traditional Christianity: revolutionary, reformist, and reconstructionist. Mary Daly, as a revolutionary feminist theologian, strongly criticizes traditional Christianity which, she believes, is based on unreformable sexism. She, using the method called transcendence, transcends the central Christian concepts and teachings such as God the Father, Christology, the Fall, and the Church, and expresses her main ideas in the form of post-Christian theology. In this article, by the method of text-oriented analytical interpretation, Daly's major ideas are explained and analyzed, including the concepts of goal, faith, freedom, ethics, and sisterhood, all of which can be actualized via ‘becoming of woman.’ To understand ‘becoming of woman’ from Daily's point of view, it must be understood in correspondence with God as Verb (the Verb of Verbs). God as Verb, as the ultimate reality, is Be-ing and is always dynamic. Similarly, women also have a type of be-ing that has the ability for existential participation and dynamic intuition in/of Be-ing, the result of which will be the actualization of the feminine Metabeing. The main reason for becoming of woman is women's inner aspiration for self-transcendence, which ends in a new unfolding of God called second appearance by Daly.

The chaos and rupture in everyday life caused by the corona virus and the home quarantine caused deep and intence changes in various realms of individual and public life. Taking the Covid-19 in its unique sociological sense as a window to understanding the social phenomena and taking the plurality and diversity of experiences into account, this article seeks to explore the experience of the Iranian family via the narratives of women. Applying a hermeneutic approach, we conduct content analysis to analyze the experience of the first home quarantine in 2020 of 23 married women aged 30 to 52 in two provinces of Tehran and Alborz, based on the data gathered using deep, semi-structured interviews. Formulating the meaning network of the Iranian family’s experience of dealing with the pandemic from a women’s perspective, we found four main meaning patterns: the feeling of abandonment and loneliness in the absence of the State; displacement and fusion of the family and the social everyday life spaces; women’s corporal devotion to home leading to the centralization of family; and the medical disempowerment in favor of family empowerment. Overall, findings show that dealing with the pandemic creates a rupture in the normal rhythm of life that exposes the individual to taking conscious actions, and while the disempowerment of the State, of stereotypes of the family, and of medication as a structure continue under the mortal pandemic, we witness the return of agency and the deconstruction of social and family life in a process of self-construction centered on family as a group.

This descriptive and analytical research was done with the aim of discovering and identifying women's' strategies in the face of dominance of men. The main question is what women do against inequalities, gender discrimination and violence. The method of grounded theory and in-depth interview with semi-structured questions was the method and technique of data collection. The selection of 43 women with purposeful sampling and with emphasis on theoretical saturation led to their narration of strategies. The results show that due to the dominance of tradition and ideology and the legitimacy them through socialization in the patriarchal society, by induction of the marginal position of women in thought and action, sometimes their self- ignorance and forced silence is seen, which is a silent strategy and hegemonic subject. They accept the current situation, but with awareness of needs and interests and in protesting the existing situation and the need for change, women do strategies of corrective, independence, protest, punitive, liberation, elimination, defensive, offensive, awareness and preventive. They are reformed, independent, protesting, warning, forcing, dissuading, retaliating, attacking, teaching and cautious subjects. As a result, four strategies of coercive tolerance, correction, transformation and prevention were obtained.

Womans issues in every discourse have been formulated differently. From the Nāṣer al-Dīn Shāh Qājār era onwards, we are faced with a new system of knowledge in the form of Girls Education in the court constitutional discourse. This article aims to examine the conditions under which such discourses may arise and approach an immanent understanding of the Issue of women. In this article, we have used the literature provided by Norbert Elias on changing the balance of power between the sexes; and we overview critical studies of Iranian gender and modernity. Our approach/method in this paper is Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA). The findings show that the court reformist discourse emphasizes girls; education (making educated girls in housekeeping, healthcare, and the ways of treating their husbands and other manners relating to them). This discourse defines new moral codes for women and re-reading science, ethics, religion, and economics in line with civilization and progress. The new moral codes are meaningful in the aftermath of events such as the outbreak of epidemics and famines, the courts dependence on world powers, and the decline of the power of the courtier class. This article considers the pre-discoursive events in the configuration of such a knowledge system. In other words, our reading of the Issue of women emphasizes the historical moments that discursive and pre-discoursive events will come together and problematize an issue. We do not reduce the subject to the tier of thought or material determinants.

After the outbreak of COVID-19 and the necessity of quarantine, university classes were held virtually and online so that it was natural that this initially would cause some defects. This study aims to find out, from a moral viewpoint, how the students of Shahid Beheshti University understood and experienced virtual teaching problems in the first semester in which classes were held virtually, i.e. the second semester of academic year 1398-1399. In this qualitative research, 17 female students of Shahid Beheshti University were purposefully chosen and interviewed in a semi-structured way. The thematic method of Brown and Clark is used to analyze the data. According to the findings, virtual teaching problems are arranged into nine central themes and classified according to the problems associated with university, with faculty members, and with students. In the end, some suggestions are put forward to correct these defects.

Despite the increase in awareness and expansion of women's higher education and the religious and legal structures that require their political agency in Iran, the presence and agency of women in politics is limited and therefore it seems that women face obstacles to enter this field. Are facing. Content analysis method and individual interview technique and focus groups were used. The study samples were individual interviews (35 people) and focus group interviews (4 groups of 4 people) of Tehran women 25 years and older with a bachelor's degree or higher who were selected by purposive sampling method. . Based on the results of this study, four themes of masculine hegemonic politics, the notion of feminine temperament, the impossibility of pure politicking and the domination of hegemonic masculinity values were extracted. In addition, the results of the study indicate three important points: 1. In discussing the barriers to the presence and agency of women in the realm of politics, the important point is the existence of cultural-historical barrier (gender structural obstruction) and lack of social model in this area. 2. In today's world, there is no universal normative model of women's political agency. 3. Obstructing the presence of women in politics and the homosexuality of this field is one of the most important reasons for the increase of destructive confrontations in the political space and power field.

Various methodologies have been proposed for phenomenology as a qualitative research method. This diversity can be divided into two main approaches: descriptive phenomenology and hermeneutic phenomenology. In this article, while emphasizing the inseparable link between philosophy and method in phenomenology, an attempt is made to explore the philosophical foundations of hermeneutic phenomenology and to trace this link in the research process. Accordingly, we first refer to the historical contexts of the emergence of phenomenology, and clarify the relationship between hermeneutic phenomenology and descriptive phenomenology, then Through the discussion of the views of Heidegger and Gadamer, it is shown that philosophical foundations in the method of hermeneutic phenomenology play an active role throughout the research process and give structure and direction to how we deal with issues and problems in research. Openness to the phenomenon and being in constant dialogue with it, is the most important feature of this method that as a praxis, from the moment of choosing the subject and encountering the research literature and theories to collecting and analyzing data and writing the research, it is always present and guides in the research.

Hope in life is a futuristic indicator with a positive effect on health and well-being. Regarding the current tense situation resulting from the psychological, social and economic pressures of COVID-19, there is an urgent need to provide a local and comprehensive model of the hope discourse. Considering the fact that sharing is a native model derived from Islamic ontology, therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question of what is the sharing-based hope discourse model.

The present study aims at identifying the sharing-based hope discourse model.

The present research was conducted with a qualitative approach and an interpretive paradigm. Participants comprised 16 mothers married for 10-25 years with at least two children who were selected through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were used to collect data (Potter, 2012). Data analysis was performed using discourse analysis and identification of key themes (Jorgensen and Phillips 2002).

In analyzing the data obtained from interviewing sharing people, 33 sub-themes and 17 main themes were extracted in hope discourse, ultimately leading to the identification of 6 themes, namely, narrative, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, communication and time themes in hope discourse.

The sharing-based hope discourse expressed positive and coherent narratives, positive emotion, positive cognitive perception with mindfulness and transcendental thinking, action-orientation, developmentalism, being communicative and positive and purposeful vision in the hopeful sharing person. Recognizing the effective factors in this discourse lays the groundwork for increasing hope and prosperity of the individual, family and society.

This study focuses on the analysis of the phenomenon of luxury consumption and sexual harassment in women's religious gatherings as a kind of public sphere. The method used in the present study is qualitative and semi-structured interviews have been used to collect information. The selection of participants in this study was done using purposive and criterion sampling method and finally the obtained data were reviewed through thematic analysis method. According to the findings, the four main factors of manifestation, lifestyle display, luxury and body management are the most important components that have formed the general structure of demonstrative consumption in the removal of female gender in women's religious assemblies. One of the most serious consequences of the emergence of this type of consumption in these assemblies is the creation of a kind of construction of conflict between different meanings that the subjects participating in these assemblies understand between objects and religious designations and the object of modernist consumption. Also, the acceptance of this type of consumption for the sake of prosperity and environmental development of these assemblies can put the religious designations for which these assemblies were formed under the logic of modernist objects of consumption.

The present study was conducted with the aim of understanding the issue of adolescent girls' presence in virtual social networks with emphasis on parent-child relationships. Applying the qualitative research method, this study collected the data through semi-structured interviews with thirty high school girls in Qom (from three high schools in three different regions) in the academic year 2019-2020 according to the typical and purposeful sampling. After coding the interviews, the results were collected in two general categories of family and personal detriments. The results indicated that the presence of adolescent girls in virtual social networks has posed serious challenges to the relationship between girls and their parents regarding the elements of authority and intimacy. Moreover, imposing conflicts between parents and children, challenging parental authority, violating parental dignity, reducing intimacy between parents and children, and degrading family values are among these challenges. The presence of girls in virtual social networks also causes personal harms, which provides the ground for challenging parental authority; furthermore, it entangles the relationship between adolescent girls and their parents with challenges.

This study seeks to provide a comprehensive definition of women's religious assemblies based on the conflicts and alignments that occur in these assemblies and based on the motives of women's presence.For this reason, it seeks to draw on the views of Erving Goffman and Giddens, on the one hand, and Schutz's phenomenological reflections, as well as thematic analysis, show the contradictions and alignments formed in these religious assemblies. The statistical sample provided is 30 women who met the selection criteria for a semi-structured interview; That is, they are over 18 years old, regularly and in attendance as a familiar experience in meetings, and not unfamiliar with interactions in meetings. First, 56 open codes were identified and finally two main themes were identified: gender identification and finally positioning and social identity assignment. The results show that both elements of gender identity with more conflict and less alignment, and the allocation of social identity and social status with more alignment and less conflict, on the other hand, by creating points of occurrence in three areas of gender, The public sphere and the religious sphere play a role in building the women's religious assembly.

The study seeks to provide an analysis of quality of love representation in Iranian pop music. Methodology is qualitative and method is content analysis. Statistical sample of the study is published albums of 10 features of the most popular pop singers in Iran, and unit of analysis in this study is full text of each song, and melody and music and musical instrument used in the carols are not paid attention. Data analysis method is also thematic analysis. Conceptual framework of this research is based on Bowman's Liquid-Love theory and Giddens Pure Relationship. Results and findings suggest that the perspective presented of love in Persian pop music has features such as being meta-family, randomness, instability, repeatability, be noncommittal, eroticism and terrestriality, ending with hatred, love as a released and public experience, parity of lover and beloved, de-sexualization of love, love as a memory of connection and bitter of love experience. It can be said that love in Persian pop music conforms to Giddens and Bowman's descriptions of postmodern love. Of course, heterosexuality in Iranian love is the only distinction of image of love in these songs with Liquid Love and Pure Relationship.

Social welfare is considered a part of human life and culture and the development of humanitarian theories with emphasis on the responsibility of all towards each other as well as the development of social and biological sciences has been effective in the emergence of new attitudes about social welfare and poverty reduction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Ganjai Khan endowments in the social welfare of Kerman citizens with a poverty reduction approach.

The study was all citizens over 18 years of age in Kerman. Based on this, using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as the sample size (this number was increased to 400, and finally 390 were used in the final analysis). Sampling was performed based on multi-stage clusters between regions, blocks and finally Kerman households. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire (based on themes taken from the qualitative part). Descriptive statistics such as mean and frequency percentage were used to describe the main variables of the research and Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression and confirmatory factor analysis were used to examine the relationships between variables. Data were analyzed using Spss and Amos software.

The results of multivariate regression test showed that 0.410 of citizens' social welfare can be explained based on endowment management, which will result in poverty reduction. Regarding the value of standard beta coefficients of each variable, the coefficient of priority goes back to the needs, which is 0.452. The lowest value is related to the organizational innovation variable which is 0.004. This value is 0.338 for management variability, 0.423 for specialized knowledge, 0.431 for understanding endowments and finally 0.327 for organizational capability.

The results of this study show that Ganjali Khan endowments have an important role in the objective and psychological well-being of Kermani citizens and have an important role in reducing poverty. The well-being of citizens and the consequent reduction of poverty can be very important.

'Felicity Land' (Saadatabad) by Maziar Miri is examined in a study of gender representation; the paper attempts to give an understanding of gender construct and representation, and to statistically extrapolate it to the broader Iranian cinema landscape. A movie or any other text which represents the cultural and revisionist modern Iranian subjectivity would be best fitting the qualitative research as used in the present paper. 'Felicity Land' lends itself best for such an inquiry for many reasons. It was a box office success when the audience of the time.  

a qualitative sociological study is applied to analyze gender representations in 'Felicity Land' which is widely accepted as the suitable method in study of images. John Fiske’s semiotics approach offers three levels of semiotics analysis to discover layers of meaning in the media: natural, technical, and ideological.

Male-Female and gender interactions is a major theme of the movie, a fact which bolsters movie's gender impact and implied significations. Middle-class women are represented as independent and more socialized, especially in household politics. However, in their private spheres, these women are often represented as docile, dejected, and still dependent on their men. Men, on the other hand, are represented lonely and grappling with financial difficulties of their daily lives, but still rule the roost in family hierarchy of power relations. Dialogues among men revolve around financial hardships outside home, and they fail to communicate a shared sense of enjoyment and experience. Smoking, drinking, extra-marital relations, violence, and dishonesty committed for financial gain are critiques against contemporary men. Represented as an ideal woman, Yasi has a modern demeanor, and attends well to her traditional social roles as cooking for the family. She even goes beyond duty and renovates in cooking in bringing European foods to the table, thus ideally representing the modern woman of the time. She shuns working outside home, just to serve the family better. Other two women offer negative characters: one is insolent and the other is represented as making unkind allusions. Both fit the stereotype of inconsiderate and irresponsible women. Marital relations are very shaky in 'Felicity Land;' they lack the emotional depth and richness. Couples are apart by wide cultural and emotional gaps. In all three families portrayed, couples make no effort to repair the already damaged relations with spouses. Indeed, in the context of modern life, families seem no longer viable as they were in the past; they now merely reflect the pale and drab façade, bereft of any significance of bearing children and endeavor to improve relations. To a larger extent, the movie succeeds in rebuttal of the stereotype of traditional women; the myth of feminine jealousies and lack of support for themselves by women are gone, and replaced by a display of sympathy among women in difficult social and emotional situations. However, the support is lavished just for individual women than for the family.

new gender order acts in yet more complex ways in social and revisionist subjects, and understanding institutionalized cultural practices requires decoding. In any analysis of gender representation, Karl Barth and Susanne Hull's views along with Erving Goffman's 'gender advertisements'helps emphasize on the role of the media on constructing and reproducing gender among children and adults. Goffman believes that gender, like any other social meanings and constructs, perpetuates through processes of socialization: media passes to society exaggerated, stereotypical, and often simplified 'data' on gender role models through 'gender advertisements;' it is then imaginable that, with this media impact, a critical reversal will happen in Goffman's theory, in that, the conceived centers of power and interests, especially invisible patriarchy behind the media management practices, gives a more critical aspect of understanding of gender as a social construct.

In social citizenship, the ideal approach is a combination of social right and social duty. A subject that has caused much controversy among various schools of thought and has not yet reached the desired path. In this paper, through the method of inductive qualitative content analysis, we attempt to understand the relation of Quranic teachings to social citizenship as a conceptual concept in order to identify and examine the social tasks derived from it. The unit of analysis in this study is the verse and all the verses of Quran have been comprehensively studied in several rounds. The theoretical sensitivities of the researchers are borrowed from the views of two groups of Western and Muslim scholars on the concept of social citizenship and its related concepts and components. Thus, through the coding process, the Qur'anic verses have been explored and extracted related concepts and themes, and after different categories, have been divided into two main categories and several minor and sub-categories that represent comprehensive Qur'anic programs on basic needs and Human societies are governed by the social duties and social duties of individuals in society. The social assignments obtained are from the educational verses of Qur'an which illustrate the place of social duties in the educational structure of Qur'an.

Considering the increasing trend of premarital sexual activity among girls in recent years, the current study is to understand in-depth girls’ experiences of premarital sexual relationships with the opposite sex and related consequences. This study utilized qualitative and phenomenological research methodology. Due to the qualitative nature of the study, a targeted sampling method (snowball sampling) was used. This study took into account the theoretical saturation criterion and conducted interviews with 30 girls aged 18 – 31 years residing within the city of Tehran. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection, and data were analyzed using either textual or thematic methods. The results were ultimately categorized into 4 primary levels: problems and challenges within the relationship, problems and challenges outside the relationship, relationship as an opportunity for growth, and self-restraint. Based on the results of current study we can concluded that relationship with opposite sex can both have positive consequences included increased awareness towards oneself and towards others, and negative consequences included pessimism towards the opposite sex, fear of establishing relationships, development of physical problems, among others.

 This paper aims to explore the dominant gender discourses in employment policies after Islamic Revolution of Iran using a gender analysis approach and qualitative content analysis method. The Result shows that, there are various propositions of competing gender discourses in employment policies that have witnessed changes in terms of time period, approving authority and occupation types. In other words, while categories that represent the intrinsic approach are dominate in various political discourses and documents, such as the priority of maternal and spousal roles for women, man head of household, harmful employment, primacy of private sphere, family centered approach, and different rights and duties, policy makers have reserved conditional employment for elite women. From the perspective of extrinsic approach, there are some categories such as: equal payment, skill centered approach, women empowerment and necessity of structural changes. In sum, based on McPhail’s model, one can explore extrinsic and intrinsic approaches in Iranian employment policies at the same time which shows that policy approaches and orientations are inconsistent. Keywords:</strong> Gender analysis, Employment, Women, Family, Gender Discourses