محمدحسن چراغعلی

Today, the development of research and development activities that have a high level of technological complexity is considered an important and influential factor in the development and growth of the knowledge-based economy of developed countries; Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the effective components on the level of technological complexity of research and development activities. This research is in the category of applied research and in terms of methodology, it is in the category of qualitative research. With the approach of data-based theory, data was collected from studying documents and reviewing literature and conducting semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the field of research and development. By analyzing the data, first 149 variables were extracted and during three stages of open, central and selective coding, the components affecting the level of technological complexity of research and development activities were identified, then the factor of obtaining advanced technology was identified as a central category. was selected and the rest of the factors were placed within the research structures (causal, background, intervening factors, strategies and consequences) and the research paradigm model was formed and five hypotheses were proposed. Based on the results of the research, 97 components (including 19 cases of causal factors, 16 cases of contextual factors, 12 cases of intervening factors, 11 cases of central subcategories, 23 cases of strategy and 16 cases of consequences) on the level of technological complexity of research activities and Development is influential.

In today's changing environment, especially for knowledge-based companies, knowledge and technology are the basis of competition. In order to achieve their business goals, these companies must use new knowledge to play a significant role in creating and developing innovation capacities and applying it in the production process. In this research, firstly, the effective factors on the absorption capacity and innovation were extracted and using the Vensim software, the causal loop diagram and stocks and flows diagram were drawn. The purpose of this research is to investigate innovation with regard to the upward growth of knowledge-based companies. Further audit regarding the knowledge-based nature of companies, creating motivation and benefiting from external investors and venture angels to improve the capacity of attracting knowledge-based companies, providing access to global networks for full-time research and development researchers of technology-oriented companies. knowledge and increasing external knowledge sources, the importance of increasing the realization of research and development strategy goals and the technological competences of companies, compensating research and development costs through increasing facilities for real knowledge-based companies and comprehensive and continuous financial support of the government from the results obtained It is from the present study and One of the specialized suggestions for knowledge-based companies is to create an internal knowledge management system and hold intra-organizational information such as thematic knowledge competitions and brainstorming. By cultivating the knowledge of employees and the ability to employ them, the company's ability to attract and then innovation can be improved.

This research has been done with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the digital transformation strategy in Iran's road freight transportation industry, focusing on the Internet of Things and data analytics. After reviewing the literature, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 academic and road freight transportation industry experts in Iran, who were selected using the purposive sampling method and saturation principle. In the quantitative part, the opinions of 170 employees of this industry, who were selected based on Cochran's formula and stratified sampling method, were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Delphi technique, literature review and coding were used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part, inferential statistics and SPSS and smartPLS software were used. Finally, 40 indicators were extracted in the form of 8 factors and ranking of indicators and affecting factors was done using factor analysis. The result of this research shows that the internal factors have the highest rank and software infrastructure, hardware infrastructure, economic, external factors, legal, cultural and penetration factor are in the next ranks respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that organizations consider their human resource empowerment program in line with the use of technology and digital tools.

The success of Iran's automobile industry depends on the correct understanding of the factors of technological capability and how to improve them. In order to identifying the factors of technological capabilities of Iran automotive industry, it is noticed to the technological capability evaluation models. Based on the experts’ opinions, the technological capability factors were identified in Ramanathan and Panda's model are selected because of their comprehensiveness and compatibility with the automotive industry. preliminary measurement model with 67 indicators is defined. The number of said indicators was reduced to 47 with the opinion of experts and the fuzzy Delphi technique. The questionnaire is defined by 9 factors and 47 indicators. The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed through the calculation of factor loading method and reliability of the questionnaire is also confirmed through the calculation of Cronbach alpha coefficient. Structural equation method (SEM) and partial least squares technique (Smart PLS software) is used to obtain the factors relation model. the overall fit of the model is obtained. The results of the model show that the capabilities of after-sales services, marketing and sales, also part manufacturing has the highest relation, and the capabilities of creativity, innovation, and strategic management are in the next ranks, the capabilities of design and engineering, production, and technology acquisition are in the last ranks.

Today, research and development activities are considered important sources of transformation in the fields of technology and knowledge production, and research and development departments of knowledge-based companies play an important role in innovation and improvement of products and services. The more advanced and fundamental the level of research activities of knowledge-based companies and the higher the level of technological complexity of these activities, the more innovative and competitive products are available to the domestic and global markets. turns In this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the levels of technological complexity of research and development activities in knowledge-based companies. This research is an applied-developmental research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. The statistical population of the research was all CEOs of knowledge-based companies located in Golestan Science and Technology Park, numbering 85 people. The sample size was considered to be 80 people using Morgan's table and more cautiously, and available sampling method was used. The tool used to collect research data is a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by measuring face and content validity and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha method. The results of the research indicate that 65% of research and development activities in knowledge-based companies based in Golestan Science and Technology Park are experimental development, 31.2% are applied research and only 3.8%. The percentage is the type of basic research.

The purpose of this research is to design a model for measuring and valuing technical knowledge in the halal food industry. The present research is applicable in terms of purpose, and a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative) exploratory. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part included 20 scientific experts and executive experts of the halal food industry, who were selected by non-probability judgmental and purposeful sampling. The statistical population of the quantitative part included 250 people from the food industry experts of Tehran province, among whom 152 people were selected using the Cochran formula and selected as the sample size by cluster random sampling method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part included a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the interviews was confirmed through retesting. And the content validity of the quantitative part of the questionnaire was also confirmed by the experts. In order to analyze the data of the qualitative part, the theme analysis method was used, and SPSS and PLS software were used for the quantitative part. The results showed that the measurement and valuation model of technical knowledge in the food industry consists of four main dimensions including: factors related to the company/organization, factors related to the extra-organizational environment, factors related to the nature of technology, and factors related to the technology market; along with 15 components and 72 indicators. The results of the research in the quantitative part also confirm the significant relationship between the dimensions, components and indicators of the final research model.

Today, knowledge-based companies play a very important role in achieving advanced technologies and producing innovative products, and as a result, the growth and development of countries. The success of these companies is due to the development of advanced research and development activities that have a high level of technological complexity.

The current research is of mixed type. In the qualitative part, the grounded theory approach was used and the data was collected using interview tools and literature review. Quantitative part data was collected from the desired statistical population through a researcher-made questionnaire, then data analysis and model fitting with structural equation modeling method and using smart software pls3 done.

91 effective factors on determining the level of technological complexity in the form of six categories were identified and the presented model was confirmed.

The model for determining the level of technological complexity of research and development activities resulting from the present study can be a suitable tool for managers of research and development departments of knowledge-based companies in order to improve the level of research and development activities based on global standards and creating transformation in the fields of technology and knowledge production.

Measuring and valuing technical knowledge is one of the important and difficult activities in the process of commercialization of knowledge. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a model for measuring and valuing technical knowledge in Iran's food industry.

The research is developmental in terms of purpose, practical in terms of results, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data type. The research participants in the qualitative part included 20 scientific experts and experts in the field of technology management and executive experts of Iran's food industry, who were selected using non-probability judgmental and purposeful sampling. Cochran's formula, the sample size of 152 people was determined and selected by random cluster sampling method.

The results showed that the measurement and valuation model of technical knowledge in the food industry includes four main components:factors related to the company/organization, factors related to the extra-organizational environment, factors related to the nature of technology, and factors related to the technology market. It is with 71 indicators.

The results of the research can be useful for measuring and valuing technical knowledge and improving it in companies related to this field and provide a suitable field for other researches.

The competitive advantage of businesses in the era of science and technology depends more on their intellectual assets and their capacity to assimilate foreign information and technology than it does on their physical resources. The primary objective of the present study is to investigate the determinants that influence the absorption capacity, which is seen as a critical component impacting the efficacy of technology transfer in knowledge-based enterprises. The dynamic hypothesis was formulated and then, the flow accumulation diagram was constructed. The supplied scenarios were then subjected to analysis. The findings derived from this paper are as follows: Enhancing incentives and resources for knowledge-based enterprises, fostering external investment inflows, and comprehensive governmental backing for entrepreneurial ventures are crucial measures. Addressing issues pertaining to financial exchanges and sanctions, facilitating the integration of research and development experts into global knowledge networks, and fostering collaboration with technologically advanced nations can minimize technology transfer costs and expedite commercialization prospects. The precise identification of the target market for both domestic and foreign knowledge-based goods, together with the facilitation of their sales, may contribute to the narrowing of the technology gap. This, in turn, enhances the ability to absorb technology and ultimately improves the efficacy of technology transfer.

Despite the alternative methods of financing municipal projects and plans, crowdfunding by attracting the dormant capital of small investors and new investment methods can create new investment opportunities for ordinary lenders, people. The main goal of the current research was to investigate the methods of financing in Tehran municipality, according to the role of social capital in this process. The research method of the current study is quantitative, survey, cross-sectional, retrospective and applied. In order to collect information, library sources and comparative studies between different municipalities in the world were used in the field of providing income as well as field study. The statistical population of the present study was made up of senior financial managers and assistants, consultants, financial experts and experts, expert professors, revenue managers and diagnostic experts, and data analysis was used using decision making with multiple criteria. The participation factor with a relative weight of 0.435 has the most importance, which has the highest priority among financing methods; And the investment factor with a relative weight of 0.28 is the next priority, the paper and legal factors are ranked third to fourth with the weights of 0.138 and 0.088 respectively, and finally the contract factor is the last priority with a relative weight of 0.059. The inconsistency rate of pairwise comparisons is 0.04, which is less than 0.10, so these comparisons are acceptable. While reducing costs, social capital promotes interaction between citizens and municipalities or public service institutions, and it can be used to achieve development goals. Achieved purposefully and efficiently.

The main purpose of this research was to design a process of commercialization of technological products in the marine industry of the country, with the values obtained from structural and interpretative modeling analysis, the type of relationships was determined and the networks of interactions and its dimensions were drawn.

This research is a correlational descriptive method, and it is developmental-applicative in terms of the purpose of collecting data through field research. In this research, with the help of the ISM method, the relationships and the influence of each step of the process model of technological products commercialization on each other are examined. The statistical population of this research is the university professors and experts and technicians of the marine industry; the method of determining the sample size of the experts was judgmental. The total sample size of experts is 31. In this study, Matlab software was used to analyze the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha using experts' opinions.

The results obtained from this ranking include seven stages and were placed in 2 levels, the first level includes (design and selection of commercialization path (model or commercialization strategy)) and (market preparation and market measures and production commercialization), (marketing, sales, receiving customer feedback) and the second level includes idea presentation (idea generation), evaluation (initial screening) and idea selection, research and development (growth and conceptualization), prototype design and construction, testing and validation and it is legal protection.

Integration in different industries is very important and has many benefits at different economic and social levels. Given the vastness of the telecommunications industry, this industry is no exception and the integration of telecommunications infrastructure creates a lot of added value. But the interplay between tangible or intangible indicators has emerged that policymakers must consider them all. Our goal is to examine the integration of telecommunications infrastructure and to study its interactions with economic factors in order to measure the value of investment in this integration. In order to get the right result, the experts gathered the opinion of the industry using fuzzy Delphi method, and after the process, the effective factors were investigated and the key indicators to be considered and the impact of capital were identified. Implications for the integration of telecommunications technology infrastructures and whether they can serve as a driving force for achieving other factors are discussed and discussed. As a final conclusion, it is clear that if investment is made, steps will be taken to integrate telecommunication infrastructure to protect national, environmental, resource and urban beautification interests, and provide a platform for private sector investment. In addition to providing these items, the private sector can also benefit.

The impact of the use of new technology on reducing energy consumption and the use of facilities that make the building intelligent in the term, in future buildings and their design is an issue that has attracted the attention of many architects and researchers in the last two decades. A smart building is a building whose occupants have the ability to adjust and control preparatory and engineering equipment automatically or remotely and close, and also can define and execute various programs and scenarios for that equipment. The research method of the present study is in terms of fundamental developmental and applied purpose and in terms of combined-exploratory nature of data collection tools in this research through interviews with experts and engineers of the engineering system and in performing the above analyzes SPSS software was used. The results of this study showed that between resource scarcity, high cost, country policies, financial problems, cooperation of companies with technology, political and economic fluctuations, supplier delays, managerial fluctuations, effectiveness and quality of work, commitment of managers, labor performance, lack of resistance Users, user participation, knowledge maturity, personal experience, user management, appropriate infrastructure, number of organizational units, restrictions imposed, process speed, accurate workload estimation, goal transparency, correct time estimation and correct budget estimation There is a direct and significant relationship. Scanning and examining factors that result in holding back fast motion towards smart buildings. In terms of environmental factors and positive impacts of using smart buildings in environment, identified factors in this research should be considered important.

The current research aims to design the framework of the digital transformation strategy of the road freight transportation industry, focusing on Internet of Things technology and data analytics, and uses the research method of design science. This research is fundamental-applied in terms of data type, mixed in exploratory type; According to the time of data collection, it was cross-sectional and according to the method of data collection or the nature and method of the research, it was a survey. Data collection in the qualitative part was done with semi-structured interviews with 20 experts from universities and the road freight transportation industry of Iran who were selected using the purposive sampling method and the principle of saturation. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data in quantitative part and the opinions of 170 employees of this industry who were selected using Cochran's formula and stratified sampling method were obtained. Data analysis was done in the qualitative part with Delphi technique, literature review and coding. In the quantitative part, inferential statistics, one-sample t-test, structural equation modeling, and SPSS and smartPLS software were used. The fifth step of the design science method was done by testing the designed strategy framework in a company in the relevant industry. The results showed that the digital transformation strategy includes two managerial and operational strategies. Also, the consequences, influencing factors, mechanisms, facilitators and obstacles were presented in this framework. Based on the results, among the components of the framework, management strategies need to be further strengthened.

Considering the important role of pension funds in creating economic, political, cultural security, etc., paying attention to their financial behavior has a particular importance. Estimating the number and cost of long-term obligations of pensioners of the social security organization and how it is financially sustainable by changing the pension payment scheme of the Taieen taklif law to formal definite participation is one of the objectives of this research. In this research, in accordance with Sterman's methodology, the interactions of the relevant components in the framework of systems dynamics were investigated, and the model was validated using the data of the above organization in 2016-2021. Based on the findings of this research, assuming the continuation of the existing conditions, the number of retirees and their survivors and, accordingly, the future costs of the organization will increase significantly. Also, by changing the pension payment plan in the implementation of the above law to the formal definite participation plan, savings amounted to 1982 thousand billion rials will be created for the organization in the 35 years studied (based on the minimum wage in 1400). According to the results, the new plan is more successful than the current plan in ensuring financial stability and intergenerational justice, but considering the country's economic conditions (annual inflation and low employment rate), it is not recommended for other types of retirement.

Measuring the impact of various factors on pension systems is not easily possible due to the multiplicity of influential variables and their change in long-term horizons. The purpose of this article is to provide a model by which the impact of early retirement laws on the pension fund can be predicted.

This study, using system dynamics and considering feedback loops, leads to understanding nonlinear behavior and recognizing the laws governing the phenomenon of early retirement, and designs and implements a model for analyzing the impact of the above pensions in the Social Security Organization. It seems to have the characteristics of the real world to a large extent.

The ratio of early retirees to ordinary retirees in 2051 will increase significantly compared to 2016.Increasing early retirement will also lead to a reduction in Insured and increase in retirees and survivors; So that an increase of one percent can reduce the organization's annual revenue by an average of 16,000 billion rials over the next 35 years.

The Approval of some laws, regardless of the consequences, can jeopardize the stability of the fund and the economic and social security in the long time. The model presented in this study shows that by maintaining the current situation, the demand for early retirement has an upward trend and will put a heavy financial burden on the organization. This issue requires the amendment of the above laws and the introduction of more restrictions on the use of early retirement.

Evaluation and reform of pension systems are among the complex issues that due to the multiplicity of variables affecting each other and significant changes in the variables in the long term horizons, they can not be easily studied and analyzed. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze demographic variables on the support ratio(Ratio of insured to pensioners) in Iran’s Social Security Pension Fund. This shows to some extent the ratio of input to output of the fund, and based on it, the pressure on the fund can be estimated according to the amount of current insurance premiums and pension amounts. In this article, using information and statistics of mentioned fund and Iran Statistics Center in the years from 2016 to 2018, a model based on system dynamics was designed and By testing the model under certain conditions, reproducing past behavior and examining different policies, the model was validated. By 2033, the country's elderly population will double, while the working age population will grow by nearly 12 percent. These changes will affect the demographic structure, Also, according to the forecast, if the current conditions are maintained, the support ratio of the Social Security Fund will reach 2.19 by 2033. Informal (non-salaried) job participation, unemployed youth employment, women's economic participation and fertility rate are the most important influential population variables that can increase the support ratio to 3, 1/2, 1/4 0/5 units respectively ،if appropriate policies and planning are implemented.

A variety of natural, man-made and technological hazards can threaten the resilience of a system and make it vulnerable. This study was conducted to assess the vulnerability of the gas supply network in Tehran.

This cross-sectional study was performed in town board stations (TBS) in one of the gas supply areas of Tehran in 2019-2020. This study is based on the approach of identifying hazards and threats and assessing vulnerability. Vulnerability assessment was performed using a three-dimensional matrix consisting of probability of occurrence, severity of injury and degree of preparedness for the threat factors.

In the studied town board stations, six hazard or threat sources including insulation connection, shut-off valves, station line pipes, sensors, regulators and filters were identified. Vulnerability from these six sources was estimated at 36, 30, 120, 112, 40 and 140, respectively. These results showed that the threat of three sources of insulation connection, shut-off valves and regulators in the second and middle level threat and the vulnerability caused by the three sources of threat of station line pipes, sensors and filters in the third and severe level threat is the vulnerability index in the range of 101-215.

The findings of this study indicated that six major sources threaten the resilience of TBSs in this area. Furthermore, the results of vulnerability assessment of these town board stations revealed that the resilience to these threats is relatively low. So, it needs special attention to reduce vulnerability in this area of the gas supply network.

The «enterprise resource planning» (ERP) and business process integration through organizations have many benefits، including increased productivity، improved quality and lower costs. However، ERP implementations are complex and expensive and the processes of ERP implementation projects often fail. In this research، the most influential elements، verified by appropriate publications and discussions with the experts، in breaking down of ERP systems has been categorized in four groups of: managerial، human resources، processing and technological factors. To determine the level of importance of each element and ranking of statistical companies، based on their readiness in implementing a successful ERP، some questionnairs were handed out. The identified elements، found by the experts، were evaluated through Shanon entropy technique to assess their degree of significance. According to the weight of every element، we ranked companies through TOPSIS technique (Excel software) and linear assignment (Lingo software and answers like Global optimal). Because of the incompatibility of some results of these two techniques، we used the combinatory mean arithmetic to reach unanimous consent. The results showed that the companies which were ready to implement ERP successfully were specifically fulfilled by their managerial and human resource preparedness.

The intelligence is not the main factor to gain achievement for the entrepreneurialmanagers as basic operators of the economic world. But ability to understand and controlof emotions plays very important role on it. Entrepreneurial managers can decrease theirpersonal conflict by recognition and handling of their emotions and also they can makeeffective relationships by recognition about others emotions and eventually they are morecreative managers than other ones, by building better relations and more useful recognitionof their environments. So, because of important of emotions, the influence of emotionsin success of entrepreneurial managers in Rubber and Plastic Industries has beenstudied, in this research. The emotional intelligence was measured by Shrink Questionnaireand entrepreneurship was measured by entrepreneurship questionnaire. This researchis the cross-sectional research and its research’s method is the survey. To study ofcorrelation of variables has been used Spearman Correlation Coefficient and for influenceof five dimensions of the emotional intelligence on entrepreneurship has been used StepwiseMultiple Regression. Results of analysis by SPSS software have showed that thereare the significant relationship between the emotional intelligence and the entrepreneur ship. Results also have showed that the entrepreneurial managers with high grade for theemotional intelligence can understand emotional conflicts, like the conflict between independenceand encourage others to participate. So this kind of managers can have gooddeal with these conflicts, hence they can be more successful than other managers.