محمدرحیم رمضانیان

Health status is undeniably one of the most critical indicators of social development and progress. Providing healthcare poses a significant challenge for human life, and managing the healthcare supply chain is of strategic importance. The aim of this research is to analyze and compare the results of meta-synthesis with thematic analysis in identifying the risks of the pharmaceutical industry's supply chain.

This research follows a qualitative approach, utilizing both meta-synthesis and thematic analysis to identify supply chain risks in the pharmaceutical industry. In the first step, a meta-synthesis and systematic review of related studies over the past twenty-three years were conducted, identifying one hundred articles, which were refined to twenty-six key articles for the research. In the next step, risks specific to Iran's pharmaceutical supply chain were identified through thematic analysis and semi-structured interviews with experts, using targeted sampling. Finally, the results from these two approaches were compared and analyzed.

The meta-synthesis approach identified ten general supply chain risks in the global pharmaceutical industry. Similarly, the thematic analysis approach identified ten specific supply chain risks in Iran's pharmaceutical industry. Six risks were common to both approaches: low quality of raw materials, complexity and incompatibility of information systems, supply of foreign currency and financial payments, transportation and insurance issues, increase in the price of raw materials, and unavailability of medicines. These common risks are critical for both the global and Iranian pharmaceutical supply chains.

Stakeholders in Iran's pharmaceutical supply chain (including hospitals) should prioritize managing these six common risks to improve supply chain performance. Additionally, they should focus on the four unique risks identified through thematic analysis specific to Iran's pharmaceutical supply chain, applying appropriate control measures and activities.

The relationship between Industry and the University is one of the topics that has been given a lot of attention in Iranian society in the last few decades and many researches have been done in this regard. This paper uses a systematic literature review (SLR) with the aim of categorizing and summarizing the literature in the field of cooperation between industry and university. This research as a qualitative study, uses PRISMA method and theme analysis technique and Atlas TI software. It investigated a systematic review of the papers published in journals in the field of cooperation between industry and university in Iran business and knowledge ecosystems from 2011 to 2020. After going through the four steps proposed in the systematic review method, 97 papers from different journals remained, which were coded and analyzed. A thematic network of factors raised in the field of communication between business and knowledge ecosystems (industry and university) was presented. Based on the results, all the different factors mentioned in the studies carried out in a decade in Iran can be categorized into five general factors, which are "goals of cooperation", "obstacles to cooperation", "models of cooperation", "cooperation channels" and "cooperation enhancers".

The purpose of this research is to provide a practical model that seeks to identify the components of the sustainable value network in the oil products distribution sector and also to develop a basic theory useful for experts and academics. In terms of purpose, the research is applied, and in terms of data collection, it is descriptive and exploratory research. The grounded theory method was also used. In this research, in order to collect data, an in-depth interview was conducted with 15 experts of Iran's National Oil Products Distribution Company. First, the purposeful sampling was judgmental, and then snowball sampling was used to achieve theoretical saturation. From the obtained data, the research model was formulated and finally the paradigm model was classified in the form of six main categories, 34 sub-categories and 218 characteristics. In this research, the dimensions and components affecting the sustainable value network were comprehensively explained in the form of a coherent structure and the required management processes were defined.

In recent years, concepts such as the fifth generation university, the fifth generation of industry and society have been continuously raised among the researchers. The university's success in the fifth mission and formation of the fifth generation of industry and society requires considering that both university and industry are the main actors of knowledge and business ecosystems. Without considering the comportment of these actors in the context of ecosystems, it is impossible to form a proper communication process between these institutions. Therefore, the paper aims to develop a conceptual model to explain the cooperation between knowledge and business ecosystems. This research is interpretive from a philosophical point of view and inductive from the point of view of theory development. The research strategy is "Grounded Theory," which presents a conceptual model. The systematic procedure of Strauss and Corbin was used to create a suitable structure for better understanding and classification of data and findings. Two methods, Member Checking or Participant Feedback and Review by External Audit, were used to check the validity of the data. Furthermore, a fixed index or re-test reliability was used to check the reliability of the research findings. The results show that to form cooperation between industry and university as the main actors of business and Knowledge ecosystems, 18 key and vital categories should be considered. A conceptual model is presented to describe the relationship between these categories.Originality/Value: It can be claimed that despite the studies conducted in the field of cooperation between industry and university, a model for this cooperation has not been developed so far, and only the challenges of this cooperation have been discussed, or a series of concepts have been discussed. In this research, an attempt has been made to present such a model by taking into account theories such as ecotone and ambidextrous organization, and various aspects of this cooperation have been investigated.

During the last decade, innovation ecosystems have become essential not only for businesses correspondingly for governments aimed at national economic and social development. For this purpose, the current research has analyzed the country's innovation ecosystem based on the views of a policy maker during the eight-year period of activity in this field. According to this goal, qualitative research design and thematic analysis method were used. A number of 235 videos containing their talks in meetings and interviews about the country's innovation ecosystem were analyzed. The findings of the research include eight main themes (influence on society, the role of the government, the foundation of knowledge-based economy, investment, government obstacles, communication and interactions, the mechanism of change and the spread of innovation) and 23 sub-themes and 103 open codes. Also, due to the importance of High-level state documents in drawing the desired future and determining goals, strategies and innovative measures, the collected themes were adapted to 12 High-level state documents and the result indicated their compatibility with these documents. Based on the analysis of findings, three main issues can be concluded. First of all, the government, by expanding the scope of its activity in the ecosystem of innovation, simultaneously fuels the increase of extensive bureaucracy in it, which shows the paradox between the role of facilitating and removing the bureaucratic obstacles of the government. Second, despite the view of connecting knowledge to the country's economy, its macro effects in indicators such as productivity growth rate and solving society's problems are still weak. Thirdly, due to the small amount of domestic investment (public and private sector), the entry of foreign investment can accelerate the development of the innovation ecosystem.

 New technologies have profoundly changed the way people communicate and interact with their surroundings. These technologies affect every industry. Now, if according to the common definition, we define the supply chain as a set of interconnected activities that include coordination, planning and control of products and services between suppliers and customers. Looking at technological advances, we realize that these traditional structures are no longer self-sufficient, because digitalization has affected almost all aspects of human life, especially supply chain processes. The technologies of the fourth generation of industry represent the industrial revolution that has combined the Internet of Things with automatic systems such as artificial intelligence and its subset of machine learning, which are self-adjusting and self-learning. Such technological systems can change the supply chain from a centralized state to a distributed state, in fact, the deployment of these technologies provides distribution and decentralization for supply chains. The globalization of the economy and the increase in commercial competition have increased the importance of using innovative methods to achieve the goals of the supply chain. With the automation of processes, business activities have moved from manual operations to electronic transactions and all organizational processes have benefited from information and communication technologies. Considering that the design of most processes is at the disposal of centralized centers; There are always problems such as: poor efficiency, coordination at a low level and poor cooperation between the departments of a business unit, the emergence of distributed frameworks such as the blockchain platform and 4.0 generation technologies in addition to Organizations are helped in having complete transparency in transactions and cooperation with each other. They can share transactions on a peer-to-peer page. The purpose of research is to identify the components of the intelligent distributed supply chain and provide the structure of causal relationships for them, as well as the analysis of each of them in the framework of the presented structure. In the present research, codes and categories were first identified using the grounded method, and then the fuzzy cognitive mapping method was used to determine causal-effect relationships.In order to design the structure of the cause-effect relationships of the components of the intelligent distributed supply chain, it was extracted according to the fuzzy cognitive mapping method. Collective mapping was obtained by calculating the average of experts' opinions. According to its components, distributed decentralized supply chain can lead to improvement in information flows, promote healthcare and provide fair access to medical services. Also, assigning treatment priority to patients according to their physical condition for medical care, complying with the terms and conditions of the production line, reducing fraud, detecting authorized hazardous substances and removing drugs that have been licensed outside of the legal criteria can influence the company. High rents in the supply, prescription and treatment of the country to a great extent. The components of the correct implementation of the guidelines for hazardous drugs, the correct implementation of GMP rules, improvement in demand forecasting, correct and timely response of suppliers and suppliers, transparency and traceability, reduction in executive costs, Reducing the risk of implementing projects and carrying out contracts, behavioral data analysis algorithms, error and fraud detection algorithms, processes of identification, discovery, analysis, redesign, implementation and deployment, execution and monitoring, analysis of purchase plans and Procurement provides the possibility of tracking the information, political, monetary and back and forth flows of medicine, which represents its supply and demand among the manufacturer, government sector, patients, pharmacies, insurers, retailers of raw materials and importers. and reduces the possibility of fraud and corruption.Also, allocating treatment priority to patients according to their physical condition for medical care, complying with the terms and conditions of the production line, reducing fraud, detecting authorized hazardous substances and removing drugs that have been licensed outside of the legal criteria can influence the company. High rents in the supply, prescription and treatment of the country will be reduced to a great extent, which can be more effective for special and incurable patients, we know for certain that the required medicine for import and production, it is difficult and sometimes impossible to correctly identify and choose, with these created solutions, transparency is determined in whether the goal of the treatment program has been taken into account. Because we know that the distribution of special benefits is under the control of government officials and they define the priorities of subsidy allocation according to their decision-making power; This can be considered as one of the cases of corruption in the country's pharmaceutical industry. In the end, the improvement in the stock of raw materials and finished products, the non-issue of licenses for non-hazardous production lines in line with the production of hazardous drugs, the non-importation of domestic similar drugs, the elimination of middlemen and backdoors, the transparency of production costs. Transparency in contracts, transparency in the interests of the involved parties, transparency in payment to pharmaceutical companies, transparency in payment of pharmaceutical centers to drug dealers, transparency in pharmacy drug items, transparency in the risks after taking drugs, transparency in the way the budget is spent, The transparent and traceable payment system makes it clear whether the distribution and granting of licenses to natural or legal persons is done based on legal criteria and competently, while the government authority and decision-maker to avoid disclosure or The monopoly of the market cannot limit the transaction within the circle of friends and acquaintances, the benefit of political influence for the production of drugs and the distribution of imported drugs has been greatly reduced, the privileges have been removed from the circle of friends and acquaintances and in a competitive environment, they are given to companies. It will be real or legal that provide fair access to medical services.

The purpose of this article is to design a model for improving the sustainable performance of small and medium food companies in Guilan Province. The aim is to provide managers and decision-makers with insights into the factors, challenges, and consequences associated with enhancing the sustainable performance of these companies in the current business environment. The article falls under the category of applied research in terms of its purpose, exploratory-descriptive research in nature, and field studies based on data collection. It is classified as qualitative research. The Grounded Theory method was employed to create a paradigm model, progressing through three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The results of data analysis using Grounded Theory led to the identification of 13 main floors, 29 main categories, and 248 concepts. The paradigm model, developed through theoretical coding, encompasses six main classes: pivotal phenomenon (sustainable performance improvement), causal conditions (organizational survival, social and environmental obligation, gaining competitive advantage), contextual conditions (environmental factors, organizational factors), interfering conditions (environmental factors, organizational factors), and strategies (macro level, organizational level). Finally, the economic, social, and environmental consequences of achieving sustainable performance improvement were derived through the implementation of these strategies.

The importance of innovation ecosystems among researchers and at the level of society is increasing, and Iran's innovation ecosystem is no exception to this rule. But it seems that despite the support provided by the government, this ecosystem has not yet reached the required effect. To this end, the current research has analyzed the function of the Iran's innovation ecosystem. According to this goal, qualitative research design and grounded theory method were used. The opinions of 22 participants were taken through interviews and the opinions of 13 ecosystem actors were taken through secondary data. According to the findings, while the government sought to remove obstacles such as contradictory laws and widespread bureaucracy in the ecosystem, at the same time with the expansion of the government's activity, the bureaucratic obstacles that are rooted in the government correspondingly increase. The government's financial incentives and providing infrastructure to foster innovation capability and strengthening communication between actors. Existed support mechanisms have not been a serious stimulus in order to provide the opportunity to learn technological knowledge and interactive learning between actors like university and industry. Moreover, on the one hand the government support companies in growth stage to innovate, but on the other hand its intervention to control the markets prevents the exploitation of the aforementioned innovation in the market. In the face of these paradoxes, ecosystem actors, considering the adaptive efficiency of institutions in the ecosystem and their own motivations, choose three major strategies: leaving the ecosystem, not entering the ecosystem, or staying minimalistic on ecosystem.

Human resources are one of the main assets of any organization. The employees of the organization move forward and give meaning to the goals. Therefore, the productivity of human resources is very important. Therefore, the current research is looking for the effect of soft quality management on the productivity of human resources with the mediation of the ambivalence of employees. The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and the research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population includes all the small and medium production companies of Ardabil Industrial Town (1), which were analyzed using Cochran's formula of 56 companies as the final sample. The data collection tool is a questionnaire and includes 31 items in order to measure the variables. In this regard, the standard questionnaires of soft quality management, Zang et al. (2016), Parker's human resource productivity (2000), and Mam et al. The validity of the resulting questionnaire and its reliability were confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. The results showed that soft quality management has a positive and significant effect on the productivity of human resources and the ambivalence of employees. Ambivalence of employees has a positive and significant effect on the productivity of human resources. Also, the mediating role of employees' two pillars in the impact of soft quality management on human resource productivity was confirmed and it was found that soft quality management has a positive and significant effect on human resource productivity both directly and indirectly.

Commercial and industrial organizations worldwide are under severe threat of instability. Unsustainability issues arise because of environmental disturbances such as climate change, global warming, resource scarcity, and ecological degradation. Circular Supply Chain (CSC) has gained momentum in recent years and serves as one of the most sustainable and innovative approaches to the manufacturing industry. Adoption of the CSC increases the social, economic, and environmental aspects of the production system and the supply chain. However, researchers have conducted significantly less research on identifying and exploring the multiple challenges to implementing CSC in developing countries. Therefore, this research investigates and evaluates the challenges of CSC implementation in the production sector. We have identified 29 CSC challenges in the literature review.

The research proposes the Pythagorean Fuzzy SWARA (PF-SWARA) technique. This technique prioritizes CSC adoption challenges based on their relative importance. We used the proposed method in the pharmaceutical industry of the Guilan province.

In the final results of the research, Strategic Challenges (SCs) and operational and environmental challenges are prioritized.

Originality/Value:

 This research serves as a step for industry practitioners to efficiently and effectively adopt a CSC.

Globalization and high-tech processes, through information technology, have doubled the pressure on service organizations in the private and public sectors to compete in new services. In developed economies, the service sector is responsible for most employment and value-added growth. As a result, more extensive studies on the development of new services and the factors influencing it are becoming more important. On the other hand, value creation is a new concept in business, marketing and innovation of organizations that has been considered with the aim of creating a competitive advantage to maintain the survival of organizations. Sharing value creation is actually the process of creating value through the interactions of organizations with other organizations, employees, customers and other partners in the market and today is the focus of managers of service organizations including the banking and insurance industry, which are central pillars of economies. The present study seeks to provide a model to investigate the impact of shared value creation directly and indirectly on the development of new services, the impact of internal coordination as a mediating factor between the two variables of value creation and new service development as well as technology experience variable as moderator of internal coordination in 41 branches. It has been done from the central branches of banks and insurance companies of Boroujerd city. This research is of an applied type with a survey strategy. Data were collected through a questionnaire and also structural equation method was used to analyze the data. The results show that the creation of shared value has both a direct and indirect positive and significant effect on the development of new services. Also, the mediating role of intra-organizational coordination and moderation of technology experience was confirmed.

The expansion of issues related to quality management along the supply chain, as well as the movement of the concept of organizational performance to sustainable development and the integration of these three areas together, created an emerging research field in sustainable supply chain quality management (SSCQM). This research is looking for whether SCQM is effective on sustainable organizational development or not. SCQM dimensions were defined in 7 and sustainable development in 3 dimensions; The effects of each of the dimensions of SCQM were analyzed with the PLS-SEM approach on sustainable organizational development with the data obtained from 184 supplementary questionnaires by the experts of the National Oil Products Distribution Company of Gilan region. The research, in terms of practical purpose and in terms of collecting descriptivesurvey data and considering the relationship between variables, is considered to be of correlational type. In the measurement model, composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha were used to check reliability, and convergent validity and discriminant validity were used to check validity, and according to their values, the measurement model has adequate reliability and validity. In the structural model, path coefficients and t value showed that all SCQM dimensions have a significant effect on sustainable development dimensions at least in one path; Therefore, it can be said that SCQM dimensions have an impact on sustainable organizational development. The construct of focusing on customers has the strongest effect on economic development, and the two constructs of supply chain quality leadership and supply chain quality information system have a significant effect on all three dimensions of sustainability.

An integrated management system includes a strategy for managing multiple systems and increasing productivity in order to meet the needs of stakeholders, which uses different standards for the development of these systems. These systems require resources such as human power, time and cost, which put a lot of pressure on organizations and lead to obstacles during its implementation and reduce productivity. In this regard, this article was conducted with the aim of designing a conceptual model of obstacles to the establishment of an integrated management system and using a combined method (content analysis and interpretive structural modeling). The statistical population of this research is small and medium companies in the field of metal industries of Qazvin province. Sampling was done in a purposeful manner and until theoretical saturation was reached, and based on this, twelve specialists and activists in this field were interviewed. While extracting the components related to the obstacles to the establishment of the integrated management system, the conceptual model of the research was developed, and according to the review of the research background and interviews with experts and the method of content analysis, 90 open codes, 28 concepts and seven categories with the titles of stakeholders External, employees, resources and management, regulatory and legal factor, cultural-organizational factor, establishment and financial-economic component were extracted and modeled based on interpretive structural modeling method. Also, the degree of dependence and the guiding power of each of the components is presented. Finally, solutions to improve the deployment performance of this system are provided.

Culture makes organizational learning to use the knowledge and experience best for creating and achieving desired goals. The organizations that benefit from sustainable learning culture and act the form of organizational learning to create the ability to build dynamic capability, they speak learning as an important source. In today's competitive environment, businesses are working together to improve organizational performance by creating sustainable competitive advantage through their growth and adapt to the new changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between organizational learning culture and organizational performance with respect to the mediating roles of dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage in the banks of Guilan. The statistical population included all executives, assistants and senior of Guilan banks equals to 320 and based on random sampling method 175 of them have been studied as a sample.The collection method is a library and field study and the research tool is a questionnaire derived from the literature of the subject. The findings of the Structural Equation Modeling Model show with the LISREL software show that there is a significant correlation between all variables and dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage play a role of mediator in the relationship between organizational learning culture and organizational performance.

Bitcoin is the most important and valuable digital currency based on China Blockchain technology. This currency is accepted and used in many countries. In this study, with the help of Meta-UTAUT meta-model, we intend to evaluate the factors affecting the adoption of bitcoin technology in Iran. An electronic questionnaire was sent to sites and groups in cyberspace that worked in the field of digital currencies and bitcoins to provide to their users. 420 questionnaires were analyzed. The statistical community includes users of associations and groups related to digital currency on the Internet and social media, which is considered an unlimited statistical community. Morgan table was also used to determine the minimum sample size The research consists of 6 hypotheses and the final results showed that compatibility, personal innovation in IT and resistance to change have a positive effect on behavioral intention, as well as behavioral intention has a positive effect on use behavior in accepting the use of bitcoin in Iran..

In Workplaces, organizations need to balance warehouse inventory and maintenance costs. Therefore, inventory control is one of the major concerns of organizations. In many organizations, they use the ABC classification method for controlling a large volume of inventory. in the traditional ABC classification, items are categorized only by a single criterion; but considering other criteria is also essential, so in such cases, the multi-criteria inventory classification is used. The purpose of this study is to present a new model in multi-criteria inventory classification.

In this study, the data envelopment analysis method has been used to present an appropriate model for inventory classification. In the literature of Radial and non-radial models of data envelopment analysis have been used in inventory classification and the comparison of the results of the models indicates that non-radial models provide a more rational classification. Hence, other types of non-radial models have been proposed in this paper to improve inventory classification.

the proposed method does not have the weakness of the radial models and improves the multi-criteria inventory classification using non-radial models.

47 items of inventory related to a common numerical example in the literature as well as 80 items of inventory items of Pars Khazar industrial company have been used in order To implement the new models and compare them with existing models. The results of comparing the proposed model with the existing ones in the literature show the superiority of the proposed model.

The main purpose of the present research is the effect of unit price on the store price image and customer’s shopping intentions in food stores in Karaj. The purpose of this study is applied and in terms of collecting and analyzing data, is descriptive. The statistical population of the research is the customers of tow types of grocery stores in the city of Karaj. Because of the unlimited society, the Cochran formula of the unlimited society are used to determine the sample size. SPSS 22 and Smart PLS 2 software are used to analyze the data. The results of the research showe that out of the 18 hypotheses, only one hypotheses is rejected and the rest are confirmed.

Successfully completes a project to fruition ideas and initiatives to create a business or setting up an industrial project depends on accurate and comprehensive evaluation of the project prior to be enacted. The traditional approach to assessing the economic plan focused on the areas of financial and technical aspects of the project and its profitability and market. In recent decades, green topics and projects have resulted in wider aspects of feasibility projects therefore justified a comprehensive approach to projects is undeniable. The feasibility study is a comprehensive approach projects in five dimensions: economic, financial, technical, market and green checked. Ranking the options is always important concerns of managers. The purpose of this study was to rank the cement plants in the cement industry in western provinces Topsis done by the technique. The aim of this study was to "assess the economic plan of cement industry with a green approach" that has been carried out using descriptive and questionnaires. The questionnaire included a question combination of criteria and evaluation elements of the cement industry are green with an approach that has been developed by researchers and experts in the field. The study population consisted of cement industry in West of the country, in the provinces of Kermanshah, Ilam, Kurdistan and that experts in 1394 to 120, were analyzed. Assembly validation of data collected by the SPSS software. Decision-making system used in this study is Topsis system.

The imposed policies in countries, irrespective of the present dynamic domestic environment and global markets and the main players of the export environments in the field of production and export of industrial goods has caused reduction of the export performance of companies and questioned their effectiveness. Moreover, the inability to identify the main factors affecting the export performance of countries among the small and medium enterprises, lack of enough attention to the local characteristics of countries and the lack of proper management of the interaction environment lead to the impairment and weakness of export performance. Shortage of abstract maps or conceptual models to explore the most important influencing factors on exports, and the structural and dynamic communication between them is observed in governmental and academic export institutions. And it will have a negative impact on corporate export performance. Therefore, from a theoretical point of view, lack of a structure for management of the export ecosystem in the form of a macro system can have a negative impact on the export performance of countries and companies. Accordingly, the main focus of the present research is on the theoretical and practical gaps in the field of export performance and low focus on the management of dynamic interactions between the influential players in export performance. Therefore, it is necessary to examine and analyze the interactive relationship between these players in order to create a suitable platform for effective management of the export performance in companies. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the factors, at the company level, that affect the export of industrial goods in small and medium companies (regardless of the destination country and type of export market) as well as to analyze the relationship between these factors.

This study uses mixed-method (a combination of qualitative and quantitative data) and it is developmental in terms of purpose. In the first stage of the mixed-method research, the influential factors on the companies’ industrial performance which were extracted from the empirical background were clustered based on the qualitative approach and through Causal Cognitive Mapping method using Ucinet software. Accordingly, through judgmental sampling, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 experts in the Iranian Chamber of Commerce and the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade. 

In this study, 4 clusters were identified regarding the industrial export ecosystem at the company level. These four clusters include knowledge hegemonic, production culture, market diplomacy and enterprise’ human structure. Cognitive hegemony cluster contains a) analysis of foreign competitors, b) analysis of political and economic stability in the destination country, c) commitment to implementation of marketing strategies, and d) raising awareness about the foreign market culture. Production culture cluster encompasses a) commitment to quality, b) learning-centeredness, c) commitment to apply up-to-date technology, and d) flexibility of production process. Market diplomacy cluster includes a) international image of enterprise managers, b) familiarity with the laws of the destination country, c) strategic alliance with the competitors, and d) appropriate communication with foreign distributors. And finally enterprise’s human structure cluster includes a) managers’ professional skills, b) employee’s knowledge and experience, and c) recruiting youngsters at management levels.  

Two main and fundamental findings were obtained in this study. The first finding refers to the clustering of the effective factors on the export performance of companies based on their homogeneity and correlation (as well as confirming the effectiveness of these clusters on the export performance of companies based on statistical analysis), and the second finding refers to examining the relationship between these clusters and sensitivity analysis of causal relationship. Regarding the first finding, it is believed that the industrial export ecosystem at the company level encompasses four clusters of knowledge hegemony, production culture, production diplomacy and enterprise’ human structure. Each factor affects the enterprise’ environment from a unique perspective and if the relations are properly regulated, one can witness the growth of industrial performance among enterprises.

The aim of this study is to design an industrial goods export ecosystem for SMEs, so that they can play a full role in the country's economic growth. Based on research literature, 15 actors influencing the export performance of industrial firms were identified and their relationship was analyzed by eleven experts from the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade, and the Iranian Chamber of Commerce, who were selected by judgmental sampling. Interviews have been analyzed through a causal cognitive mapping method and by Ucinet and Netdraw software. The actors influencing the export performance of the private sector in SMEs were classified into four clusters: Knowledge Hegemony, Culture of Product, Market Diplomacy, and human Structure of the Firm. The first three clusters have a strong and mutually interactive interaction, and the cluster of Human Structure of the Firm is also effective as an infrastructure element on Knowledge Hegemony and Cultures of Product. Enterprises should focus on all four of these clusters to achieve high export performance and design and implement unique strategies for each of them. Failure to pay attention to each of these four clusters will reduce the export performance of companies. Market Diplomacy, and Culture of Product are innovative concepts that companies need to learn in these areas for high export performance.

Nowadays Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) seems to be mandatory for organizations to gain environmental legitimacy and to keep maintaining environmental sustainability as well. CSR has a positive effect on organization credibility, and, it can be considered too as the competitive advantage for any firm. for analyzing the impact of competitive strategies on both environment commitment and social engagement dimensions of CSR, it's estimated 381 the minimum size of sample, by cohen's d formula. Finally it's distributed among 450 big and reputable Iranian manufacturing and service corporations in 2015 extracted from IMI, and Gathered data of 393 Iranian manufacturing and service corporations has been analyzed by AMOS. Results indicate that differentiation strategy has the positive impact on social engagement and environmental commitments, yet, cost leadership strategy has the positive effects only on social engagement. Also, the legal nature of the organization which is indicative of establishing firms as governmental or private moderate correlations between differentiation strategies and mentioned distinguished dimensions of CSR. This shows that meaningful differences appear between CSR(s) in Iranian private and governmental firms when they arrange for differentiation strategies.

 

Organizations in addition to creating and delivering value to their customers, so that while they satisfy their customers, they can also make profit from it. Many researches have been conducted about predicting the customer value and in some of them, the customer lifespan and the customer value have been discussed, though the combination of these two is a new work. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the connection of customer value, satisfaction, loyalty and valuation and finally the organization position in competition market. In this research, the civil companies were chosen in the second half of 2015 , it was studied based on purposeful subjects. Then, after studying research literature and interviewing with 6 individuals of professors and experts, an existing model of customer value generation extracted from a research conducted in 2010 were used and two variables were added to this model and 7 hypotheses were tested. After the distribution of the conducted questionnaires among 130 civil companies in Iran and gathering 70 filled questionnaires and analyzing the structural equations of basic variance through PLS software, it was indicated that the capability and coolness have a deep impact on predicting the costumer value. Customer value generation and customer satisfaction also have an enormous impact on customer loyalty. Finally, customer value generation and loyalty effect the organization position in competition market as two separate factors.