محمدعلی فردین

 Parents are the most important people in children's social education. Recently, much attention has been paid to the challenges of children's social relationships and the role of parents' play therapy in solving these challenges. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy on reducing shyness and improving social skills of children of veterans.

 socio-statistics in this semi-experimental research; It includes all pre-school children of Zahedan veterans. The number of 30 students was determined by the purposeful sampling method in 2021 as the research sample, and they were replaced in two separate groups (15 students in the test group and 15 students in the control group). The data collection tool included the Shyness Scale by Cheek-Briggs (1990) and Yazdi's Social Isolation Questionnaire (2013). The method of data analysis was done using frequency, variance, and standard deviation tables, and in the inferential part, covariance test was done using SPSS21 software.

 The results show that the average variable of shyness (47.06 ± 38.23) and social skills (159.20 ± 123.86) Play therapy is effective in reducing shyness and increasing social skills of children of veterans (p=0.0001).

 According to the results of statistical analysis, playing with different toys strengthens the child's imagination and creates harmony between his thoughts and behavior. Based on this, it is suggested that the Ministry of Education should take the necessary measures regarding the design, implementation and evaluation of the in-service courses to familiarize the trainers of the preschool centers for girls and boys, both governmental and non-governmental, with various play therapy methods and the implementation protocol of each.

This research was conducted with the developing a The Effect of Criminal thinking on Empathy with the Mediating Role of Helping Behaviors in Female Prisoners with Anti Social Personality disorder. The method was descriptive and correlation type, which used the statistical method of structural equation modeling. The statistical research population included all female prisoners with antisocial personality disorder in Isfahan city, who have been sentenced for one year. In the current research, the purposeful random sampling method was used, so that in the first stage, among the total number of female prisoners between the spring and summer of 2024, after the clinical interview and the Milon 3 test, the number of people who were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder Socially recruited were selected as the target group and were selected with the purposeful sampling method, and their number was 128 people. and in order to participate in the research, research questionnaires including Milon's 3 multi-axis clinical questionnaire , Criminal thinking questionnaire , interpersonal response inventory and sociable personality questionnaire , answered. pls software was used for statistical analysis using structural equati pls software was used for statistical analysis using structural equations. The research findings showed that the mediating variable of helping behavior can explain the relationship between Criminal thinking and empathy pls .The research findings showed that the variable of helping behavior plays a mediating role in the effect of Criminal thinking on empathy and strengthens the effect of the two on each other.

Nowadays, acquiring the necessary skills to learn self-regulation is one of the goals of educational programs and turning "teaching" into "learning" is considered essential. Therefore, educational environments should seriously emphasize the importance of acquiring these skills. The current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the flipped classroom based on cognitive load on students' self-regulation learning.

The research method was semi-experimental, of pre-test-post-test type with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all female undergraduate students in the elementary education field of Farhangian University of Chabahar in the first half of the academic year 1402-1403, numbering 402 people. The sample required for the research was selected purposefully from among the students who had taken the research and professional development course that randomly replaced by lottery in experimental and control groups (30 people in the experimental group and 30 people in the control group). The data were analyzed using the method of variance analysis with repeated measurements.

The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the post-test and follow-up self-regulation learning in the experimental and control groups. This means that teaching in a flipped classroom based on cognitive load had a positive effect on students' self-regulation learning (p < 0.05). According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the flipped classroom based on cognitive load can be effective in increasing students' self-regulated learning.

Therefore, using this educational method in universities can make classrooms inclusive and encourage students to be active in their learning.

The development of learning skills and high-level thinking in education is one of the basic requirements of today's scientific society. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of flipped classroom teaching based on The cognitive load on high-level thinking skills of female students of Farhangian University.

This research was a clinical and semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all undergraduate female students in the field of elementary education at Farhangian University of Chabahar in the first semester of the academic year 2023-2024, who had taken the research and professional development course. The number of students was 60, who were placed in the test group and control group (30 people in each group) by complete census method and random allocation by lottery. The data were collected using the high-level thinking skills questionnaire of Maharhari (2017). Teaching the course of research and professional development using the method of flipped classroom based on cognitive load In the experimental group, it was done in 12 sessions of 90 minutes, following the 7-step structure. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance in Spss-23 software.

The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of high-level thinking skills of the two experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post-test stages (P<0.001). Based on the eta coefficients, 61% of the difference in the post-test scores of the exploration variable was related to the effect of the flipped classroom based on cognitive load.

Considering that the flipped classroom based on cognitive load can be effective in the development of students' thinking processes and strengthen their high-level thinking skills, this method is suggested as an effective teaching method in Universities.

Psychological and family problems are aggravated when one of the family members faces crises in life; Among these crises is the presence of a selfless person in the family. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effect of teaching communication skills with emphasis on the teachings of Islam on positive psychological states and emotional divorce of wives of self-sacrificing families. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design, a control group, and a statistical population consisting of wives of self-sacrificing families in Zahedan city in 2022. According to the entry criteria, 30 people were selected by direct sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Research tools included questionnaires of positive psychological states (Rajaei et al., 2013) and emotional divorce (Gutman, 1998). The communication skills training program with an emphasis on the teachings of Islam was presented to the experimental group twice a week during 8 sessions of 1.5 hours, and the control group did not receive the training. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and analysis of covariance in SPSS26 statistical software. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, education, and employment demographic variables (P<0.05). The results of covariance analysis showed that teaching communication skills with an emphasis on the teachings of Islam increased the scores of positive psychological states (P<0.001, F=73.804) and decreased the emotional divorce scores (P<0.001, F=15.166). Wives of self-sacrificing families have been effective. Effective communication is essential for maintaining healthy relationships and when combined with Islamic teachings, it can foster greater understanding, compassion, and respect among family members. Therefore, teaching communication skills with an emphasis on the teachings of Islam has the potential to enhance positive psychological states and reduce emotional divorce among wives of self-sacrificing families.

Nurses working in Corona wards in the clinical environment witness many sufferings and discomforts of others every day and special hospital situations such as sickening death of patients, insomnia, uncertainty, and disruption in interpersonal relationships at all levels. It increases stress and decreases mental health in them, and this affects other areas and overshadows the work efficiency of the care system and their quality. According to the research results, the coronavirus affects the psychological well-being of public health professionals. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to the effectiveness of the Lazarus multifaceted treatment in psychological well-being and post-traumatic stress of nurses working in the Corona department of Qazvin Social Security Hospital.

This research is a semi-experimental study and was carried out using the design of unequal groups (experiment and control) with pre-test-post-test-follow-up. Also, to check the durability of the treatment effect, a follow-up stage was also conducted and its results were compared with the post-test stage. The statistical population of the present study included all the nurses working in the Corona department of the Social Security Hospital of Qazvin province. The sample consisted of 45 nurses working in the corona department of social security hospital in Qazvin province. These people were selected as a purposeful sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. In this study, the non-random sampling method is purposeful. The criteria for entering the research were being employed in the Corona department, age between 30 and 50 years, not receiving psychological treatment until 6 months ago, and not suffering from personality disorders and psychosis. Also, the absence of more than two sessions in therapy sessions and attending psychological therapy courses simultaneously with the implementation of the research were the criteria for exiting the research. The research tools were the Riff psychological well-being questionnaire, Lazarus multimodal group therapy sessions, and the Mississippi PTSD scale. SPSS21 computer software was used to analyze the research data.

The results of Table 5 show that to the intragroup factor, the F value calculated for the effect of the stages (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up) is significant at the 0.05 level for the components of psychological well-being and post-traumatic stress (05 As a result, there is a significant difference between the average scores of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up of psychological well-being components and post-traumatic stress in the three phases of pre-test, post-test and treatment follow-up. To investigate the effect of the Lazarus multifaceted treatment method on the scores of psychological well-being components and post-traumatic stress in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages, the mixed variance analysis method (one within-subjects factor and one between-subjects factor) was used. The three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up were considered as within-subject factors and the grouping of subjects into two groups was considered as a between-subject factor. To investigate the significant difference between the averages of the components of psychological well-being and post-traumatic stress in two groups in the three stages of treatment, the assumption of Kreuth was first investigated. The variance of the difference between all combinations of groups (Kreuth) must be the same. To check this assumption, the test of Kreuth was used, the results of which are listed in Table 4. As can be seen in Table 4, the assumption of Kreuth is not established.

According to the obtained results, the Lazarus multifaceted treatment is effective in the psychological well-being and post-traumatic stress of nurses working in the Corona department of Qazvin Social Security Hospital. Multimodal treatment does not add hard recommendations to these factors, some cases are clearly on the multimodal or even view that all of these are shown. Our example describes a violinist whose career was in serious jeopardy, causing him to experience extreme anxiety at times. He responded very well to regular desensitization. In cases where a specific approach does not bring improvement, we perform multimodal treatment or BASIC ID in its entirety. The therapist or data collection begins with preliminary interviews and a multifaceted life history questionnaire, and this information leads to the creation of a face profile. In addition to face profiles, another multifaceted evaluation method is the use of structural profiles. In multidimensional therapy, Lazarus is given special attention as a model of learning to solve problems, the therapist as a guide follows the weakening of ineffective behaviors and attitudes, attitudes such as perfectionist expectations with a negative bias, and poor self-care behaviors that are the main problems. In addition to the importance of favorable interpersonal relationships to obtain the necessary social support for psychological disorders, and finally, attention to the biological dimension and the need for healthy behaviors such as regular exercise, proper sleep, and reducing alcohol and tobacco consumption. Other influencing factors can explain the effectiveness of this therapeutic intervention in the psychological condition of nurses.

Nurses are the first group in the front line of facing the covid-19 pandemic, so conducting psychotherapy interventions in this occupational group can be useful. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in resilience and mental health of nurses working in corona wards of Qazvin social security hospital in 2023.

The present study was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a follow-up period. The current research population included all the nurses working in the corona department of Qazvin social security hospital (168 people) in the first six months of 2023. 30 nurses from the target community were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups. The data collection tools included Connor and Davidson (2003) resilience questionnaires and Rovan Goldberg (1972) questionnaires. The experimental group participated in 8 group therapy sessions based on the acceptance and commitment program, while the control group did not receive any intervention. In order to analyze the data, SPSS version 22 software and the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements between groups were used, observing the statistical assumptions.

The results showed that therapy training based on acceptance and commitment significantly increased the resilience and mental health of the experimental group compared to the control group. And these results have been continued during the follow-up period (P<0/05).

Improving skills using acceptance and commitment training can be considered as an effective method to increase the resilience and mental health of nurses.

It has always been important to pay attention to the psychological problems of spouses of self-sacrificing families due to their specific risks. The teachings of Islam provide a practical and efficient framework that can help improve marital relations.

The study aimed to assess the impact of communication skills with an emphasis on the teachings of Islam on Positive psychological states and marital satisfaction in wives of veterans in Zahedan.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The study focused on the wives of veterans in Zahedan in 2022. Thirty individuals meeting the inclusion criteria were chosen through voluntary sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data collection tools included the Enrich marital satisfaction scale (Olson et al.) and positive psychological
states (Rajaei et al). The experimental group received training in communication skills with an emphasis on Islamic teachings, delivered twice weekly over eight 1.5-hour sessions, while the control group did not receive training. Data analysis utilized chisquare and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS26 statistical software.

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, education and employment demographic variables (P<0.05). Other results showed that teaching communication skills with an emphasis on the teachings of Islam increased the scores of positive psychological states (P<0.001, F=73.804; Mper=256.99 and Mpost=90.337) and life satisfaction (P<0.001, F=49/934; Mper=101/07 and Mpost=129/52) was effective for wives of self-sacrificing families.

Training in communication skills, with a focus on the teachings of Islam, should be utilized as an effective intervention to enhance positive psychological well-being and life satisfaction in wives of self-sacrificing families.

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of optimism on depression in students with hemophilia in Zahedan city. the present study is a semi-experimental interventional study along with experimental and control groups. The subjects in the pre-test and post-test and a two-month follow-up were evaluated. The statistical population included all high school students in the first and early second period with hemophilia members of Hemophilia Association of Zahedan in 1401. After screening, 60 students were selected and randomly assigned to two 30-person groups of experimental and control. The research instrument was Depression Inventory Kids (C.A.D.S). Optimism training was held in 8 sessions (two sessions per week 120 minutes) and follow-up test two months after the end of the training. The information obtained was analyzed using repeated measurement variance analysis. The results showed significant effect of optimism training onreducing depression in patients with hemophilia and confirms the stability of this therapy in the follow-up. In the treatment area with an emphasis on the need for new and effective psychological treatments optimism with regard to its nature and function fortreating clinical disorders could be used. 

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of psychological education in positive mania on the control of thought and emotional adjustment of 15-17-year-old female students who have recovered from the first peak of the Corona Pandemic (Covid-19) in Zabul city.

The present study was applied research with quasi-experimental type and pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population was all secondary school female students of Zabul city, and using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 32 students recovered from the first peak of the corona pandemic were selected and divided into two experimental groups. (16 people) and the control group (16 people) were randomly selected. The pre-test was conducted in all groups and positive psychotherapy trainings were given to the experimental group. The post-test was conducted in all groups. In the pre-test and post-test Wells and Davis Thought Control Questionnaires (TCQ, Rabiot et al.'s emotional compatibility (EAM) were implemented. One-way univariate analysis of covariance and multivariate one-way analysis of covariance or Mancova test were used to analyze the data.

In general, the results of the data analysis showed that positive psychotherapy training did not affect the increase in thought control of 15-17-year-old female students who recovered from the first peak of the Corona pandemic. This training had an effect on the emotional adjustment of students. The emotional adjustment of subjects who were trained in positive psychotherapy was significantly improved compared to the control group.

It can be concluded that positive psychotherapy can improve students' thought control and emotional adjustment, so it is suggested to use it in counseling and treatment

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of coping skills training on resilience of students who have recovered from the Corona epidemic.

The study method was semi-experimental in the form of pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all female students between the ages of 12 and 17 who had recovered from corona disease and were studying in the academic year of 2020-2021 in Bam city. The sampling method was available, and with this method, 30 students who went to the hospital because of the corona disease and their recovery was confirmed by the tests and the doctor, were selected as a sample and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, the test and were controlled. The tools used was in this research include Connor & Davidson-Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The data were analyzed in the SPSS software environment using the analysis of covariance test.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the pre-test, post-test and follow-up in resilience variables.

Therefore, teaching coping skills can be used as an effective intervention method to improve the problems of people who have been freed from or involved in various diseases and can reduce their psychological problems.

The aim of this research was determine the effectiveness of compassion focused training on life expectancy, health promoting lifestyle and health hardiness in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This study was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was type 2 diabetes patients had files in Diabetes Association of Zahedan city in the spring of 2021 year. After reviewing the inclusion criteria, number of 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group was trained 8 sessions of 70 minutes with the compassion focused training method and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. The research instruments were the life expectancy questionnaire (Snyder et al., 1991), health promoting lifestyles profile II (Walker et al., 1995) and revised health hardiness inventory (Gebhardt et al., 2001). Data were analyzed by tests of chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-19 software.

The findings showed that the experimental and control groups did not significantly different in terms of gender, age, education and marital status (P>0.05). Also, the compassion focused training method led to increase the life expectancy (F=403.86, P<0.001), health promoting lifestyle (F=93.90, P<0.001) and health hardiness (F=89.20, P<0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.001).

The results indicated the effectiveness of compassion focused training on life expectancy, health promoting lifestyle and health hardiness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, for improving the psychological traits can be used from compassion focused training along with other training methods.

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of psychoeducation in positive mania on self-efficacy of pain and stress after the accident of 15-17-year-old female students who have recovered from the first peak of the Corona epidemic (COVID-19) in Zabul city.

The statistical population is all secondary school female students of Zabul city in the academic year of 2013-2014. Due to the closure of schools, virtual education was used. It is a semi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population is all secondary school female students of the city of Zabul, and using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, 32 students who have recovered from the first peak of the Corona pandemic were selected. and two experimental groups (16 people) and control group (16 people) were randomly selected. Pre-test was performed in all groups and positive psychotherapy trainings were given to the experimental group. The post-test was done for all groups. Pain self-efficacy (PSEQ) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PCL) questionnaires were administered in the pre-test and post-test. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of covariance was used.

In general, the results of data analysis showed that positive-oriented psychotherapy training did not affect the automatic increase of pain in 15-17 year old female students who recovered from the first peak of the corona epidemic.

This training had an effect on the post-traumatic stress of these students. The post-traumatic stress of the students who were trained in positive-oriented psychotherapy was significantly reduced compared to the subjects of the control group.

Background & : Coronavirus (Covid-19) is a large family of viruses that may cause respiratory infections from colds to more severe diseases such as MERS and Sars. Recently, this virus has been named Covid-19. contextual factors surrounding covid-19; including ease of transmission, lack of immunity among the global population, delayed testing, limited medical equipment, and uncertainty of the path of the pandemic; There is a level of public anxiety that shows the importance of investigating the issue. Research has reported a relationship between well-being and more effective coping strategies. Currently, psychological conceptualizations of unhealthy coping preferences often focus on individual coping strategies that are conceptualized as illness or part of the illness, for example, eating disorders, substance use disorders, self-harm, suicide, rather than biological causes. Psychological distress, antecedents of unhealthy coping strategies, and total coping strategies. Understanding the relationship between coping strategies and overwhelming distress is essential to inform diagnosis and the best targets for interventions. While healthy and unhealthy conceptualizations of coping strategies are empirically supported, to date there has been no assessment of the continuum of coping, implying that the use of coping preferences varies depending on the level of distress and relationship. According to healthy coping theory, people use unhealthy coping strategies when they feel better about a difficult situation, even if they risk other negative consequences to feel better, but this does not happen. between healthy and unhealthy coping strategies. The high individual morbidity and mortality and societal costs associated with the chronic use of unhealthy coping preferences highlight the need to understand better their relationship to overwhelming distress and healthy coping strategies. In the new theory of stress, coping skill is a major composite function that is often used due to individual differences in response to stress. Coping skills are also affected by homelessness and the special conditions of street children and adolescents for several reasons. Since the level of mental health among humans has been significantly reduced during the covid-19 epidemic and has been taken into consideration. High prevalence rates of depression, sleep disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been reported at the peak of the disease outbreak in China; Symptoms of psychological distress are expected to be long-lasting and warrant the need for evidence-based psychological treatments aimed at immediate stress relief and prevention of psychological distress in this population. Research Background Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in the treatment and prevention of several stress-related disorders in the human population. Among the treatments that can be effective for post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological events after an unexpected event is a cognitive-behavioral therapy. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy is one of the most widely used methods and one of the most important choices in the field of psychological treatment of this disorder, which has wide applications. This treatment consists of four components: exposure, prevention of response, and connection between events and thoughts. It uses maladaptive thoughts to improve cognition, emotion, and behavior by changing cognition. According to the mentioned materials, this research has addressed the question of whether cognitive behavioral therapy affects the resilience and preference of coping actions of patients who have recovered from the corona pandemic (COVID-19) at the height of the epidemic.
This research was a semi-experimental type of research with a pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population of this research included all recovered patients of the Corona pandemic at the peak of the epidemic in Isfahan, 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). After the pre-test, the experimental group received the cognitive behavioral therapy program for 12 sessions, and then the post-test was performed. The data required for the research were collected using the scale of preference for confrontational actions by Carver, Shier, and Weintraub (1989). The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance) with the help of SPSS-20 software.
The findings showed that cognitive behavioral therapy led to an increase in problem-oriented confrontational preference and a decrease in emotion-oriented and avoidance confrontational preference in the members of the experimental group had a significant effect (P<0.01).
Based on the findings, it can be concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy can be considered an effective treatment in reducing the problems and psychological indicators of patients who have recovered from the corona pandemic. This research finding can be explained that in cognitive behavioral therapy, tasks such as functional analysis, skill training, and dealing with impulsive desire are presented to people, which creates a feeling of mastery and empowerment in people, and is effective in improving the person's coping preference. In cognitive-behavioral therapy, people learn that they should not ignore problems and should accept problems and act to solve them. They learn to follow clear policies and try to see the bright side of things and control their emotions. In this way, they learn to take advantage of the guidance of others, but not to interfere with their problems, instead of just seeking support from others. This method teaches people to have a plan for their life (and especially their recovery). This research, like other research, has limitations such as the impossibility of holding face-to-face meetings (due to the corona situation) and the limitations related to the participation of both sexes in the interventions (the training was conducted only among female patients who have recovered from the corona pandemic). It comes with It is also suggested that in future research, the influence of other factors involved in the psychological problems of patients who have recovered from the corona pandemic should be controlled during training. Also, according to the results of this study and the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy, it is suggested to conduct long-term follow-up in a larger sample in future research to evaluate the stability of the results, and also to implement educational and therapeutic courses based on cognitive therapy for patients who have recovered from the corona pandemic.

Abstract</span></span></span></span></span></span>
Background &

</span> Mental disorders have symptoms characterized by disorders in a person's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. The disorders reflect distortions in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant discomfort or disability in social, occupational, or other vital activities. The Rorschach test is a well–known and widely used projection test for the diagnosis of various psychiatric disorders. Based on perception and projection, Rorschach spots put the subjects in a position where they must organize their reactions to the spots without the examiner's guidance. The test situation is such that they can freely enter what they want in this experience and throw their needs, feelings, experiences, and tensions, mainly in the unconscious level of the mind, into the stains. The present study aims to compare the responses of patients with mental disorders and people without mental disorders in the indicators of the Rorschach test based on Exner's comprehensive system. </span></span>

</span> T</span>he research method was causal–comparative. The statistical population of the clinical group included all patients with psychological disorders who were referred to the treatment centers of Zahedan City, Iran, in 2020. Among them, 80 male and female patients (20 schizophrenics, 20 anxiety disorders, 20 depressive disorders, 20 personality disorders) who were diagnosed with these disorders with the approval of a psychiatrist and clinical psychologist were chosen by purposive sampling. The sample</span> o</span>f people without mental disorders comprised 100 healthy people from the general population who were willing to participate in the Rorschach test with their consent. They were selected by available sampling. Then, the Rorschach test was administered individually and scored according to Exner's comprehensive system. The data were analyzed using statistical methods of frequency, mean, standard deviation, and the independent two–group t test in SPSS 23. The significance level of all tests was considered 0.05.</span> Also, the present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and registered under the number IR.ZAUMS.REC.1400.018.</span></span>

</span> T</span>he results showed significant differences (p<0.05) between people with mental disorders and those without mental disorders in the indicators of developmental quality (DQv, FQx–, FQxNone, MO),</span> c</span>omposite scores (AdjD, 2AB+(Art+Ay), X–%, XA%), specific scores (DR1, X–%, MOR, PHR, AG, PER, DR2, Wsum6, PSV, COP, AdjD), common answers (p), some content indicators (A, BI, [A] Ay), determinants (Cn, FD, CF, C, </span>C'F</span>, TF, YF, Y, F), and special index variable (PTI,</span> DEPI, S–CON).</span></span>

</span> The results of this research confirmed the difference in the responses of people with psychological disorders compared to people without psychological disorders. It also showed that the Rorschach test can be used as an effective tool in identifying and diagnosing mental disorders. Also, given the importance of mental disorders and their effects on mental health, the use of psychological tests can practically help clinical psychologists and psychiatrists by providing low–cost evaluation for early diagnosis of psychological disorders.</span></span></span></span>

Diabetic patients faced with many problems in the field of health promoting lifestyle and health hardiness. Therefore, present research was conducted with the aim of effectiveness of motivational interview on health promoting lifestyle and health hardiness in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This study was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group. The research population was type 2 diabetes patients had files in Diabetes Association of Zahedan city in the spring of 2021 year. After reviewing the inclusion criteria, number of 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in two equal groups. The experimental group was trained 8 sessions of 70 minutes with the motivational interview method and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. The research instruments were the health promoting lifestyles profile II (Walker et al., 1995) and revised health hardiness inventory (Gebhardt et al., 2001). Data were analyzed by tests of chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-19 software.

The findings showed that the experimental and control groups did not significantly different in terms of gender, age, education and marital status (P>0.05). Also, the motivational interview method in comparison with the control group led to increase the health promoting lifestyle and health hardiness in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.001).

According to results of this study, health experts and therapists can use from motivational interview method to improve health related traits especially increasing life expectancy, health promoting lifestyle and health hardiness.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the psychological well-being of recovered COVID-19 patients at the peak of the pandemic. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all recovered COVID-19 patients at the peak of the pandemic in Isfahan (n=30) who were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). After performing the pretest, the experimental group received a CBT program for 12 sessions, and then the posttest was performed. The required data were collected using the Warwick-Edinburgh psychological well-being scale (WEMWBS; 2007) and were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)) using SPSS-20 software. Findings showed that CBT increased psychological well-being (P<0.01). Based on the obtained findings, it can be concluded that CBT can be considered an effective treatment in increasing psychological well-being components such as optimism, positive relationships with others, being energetic in recovered COVID-19 patients.

the present study aims at determining the effectiveness of teaching coping skills in posttraumatic stress reduction amongst the students recovered from corona pandemic.

use has been made of a semi-experimental research method with pretest posttest and follow-up design and experimental-evidence groups. The study population included 7 to 12-year-old girl students recovered from Corona disease and schooling in intermediate course during 2021-2022 academic years in Bam City. Using convenience sampling method, 30 individuals were selected from amongst hospitalized students as well as the ones recovered from Corona pandemic and they were randomly placed in two groups, namely experimental and evidence, each containing 15 persons. The experimental group received Alexander’s training package (2002) in 12 45-minute sessions; the study instrument was posttraumatic stress disorder questionnaire designed by Weathers et al (1993). The obtained data were analyzed using repeated measures’ ANOVA.

the results indicated that teaching coping skills is effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of re-experiencing the harming traumatic accident (p=0.003, F=10.69), signs of emotional numbness (p=0.020, F=5.93) and signs of arousal and excitement (p=0.002, F=10.80) as figured out in the posttest stage and the effect was found persisting in the follow-up tests.

based on the results of the present study, it is needed to perform training and treatment interventions in line with the reduction of psychological problems and corroboration of the positive psychological traits for coping with Corona disease. Thus, considering the high prevalence of the psychological and mental disorders and low resilience at the time of disease outbreak as well as the outcomes resulting thereof, psychological intervention should be made.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of coping skills training on the coping behaviors of students who have recovered from the Corona pandemic.

The study method was semi-experimental in the form of pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of all female students aged 12 to 17 years who recovered from the corona disease in high school studying in Bam city in 2019-1400. Through available sampling, 30 students who went to the hospital due to corona disease according to the doctor's diagnosis and their recovery was confirmed by the tests and the doctor were selected as a sample, and they were placed in the experimental and control groups of 15 people. The data were analyzed using the questionnaire of preference for coping actions (Karuro et al., 1989) and analyzed in the SPSS-20 software environment using the analysis of covariance and Mancova test.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the average scores of the pre-test, post-test and follow-up of the dimensions of the preference of opponents' behaviors (problem-solving skills of opponents, skills of emotional and low-use opponents).

Therefore, the average post-test and follow-up scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group in the preference of the opposites' behaviors (emotional and low-use opposites skills).

The aim of the present study was to predict the communication skills and individual adjustment according to the components of positive psychology in students of Farhangian University of Mashhad in the academic year 1399-98. The present study was a correlational study. Among 3200 college students of Shahid Rajaei and Shahid Beheshti Universities in Mashhad in the 98-99 academic year, 314 students (182 males and 132 females) were selected by cluster random sampling. The instruments of this study included the questionnaires of positive psychological states (Rajaei, Khoynejad and Nesai, 2012), communication skills (Jarabak, 2004) and adjustment (Bell, 1961)) which had the necessary validity and reliability. The data of this study were statistically analyzed by path analysis method using AMOS software. The results showed that the path of explaining communication skills based on adaptation to the mediating role of the components of trust in God, appreciation and forgiveness has become significant (P <0.05). These findings indicate the need to pay attention to positive psychological states in explaining students' communication levels. Also, in explaining this finding, it can be said that paying attention to the components of positive psychology in individuals along with adjustment can be a strong explanation for the level of communication skills.

The aim of current research was to investigate the attitude of elementary school teachers in Zahedan towards the opportunities and challenges that the corona virus has created for virtual education in schools by using a series of mix exploratory research methods (qualitative-quantitative). Qualitative and quantitative information and data were collected through interviews with 10 experienced teachers and distributing questionnaires among 120 primary school teachers. In the qualitative section, collection and analysis of data were performed using the coding method of Strauss and Corbin, including three steps (open, axial and selective). In the quantitative section, after collecting the data by using a researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity and reliability were confirmed through the results of the initial interview, the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (percentage and frequency). According to the results, challenges and opportunities were discussed and classified into three levels: macro, medium and micro. At the macro level, challenges of lack of strategic thinking among managers and planners, unfavorable policy, poor educational technology and inefficient management were achieved. At the medium level, the challenges of the weakness of the technologies introduced, the lack of independence and freedom of action, and the disruption of the proposed budget were achieved. In addition, From the participants' point of view, the incidence of corona virus has provided opportunities at the macro level (providing a context for change, attention to strategic planning and attention to online and virtual education), at the medium level (creating equal educational opportunity and creating new educational innovation) and at the micro level (family, students and teachers).

Background and Irrational beliefs are among the factors affecting the tendency to use tobacco. Today, there is a growing trend of waterpipe (hookah) smoking among the youth in Iran. This study aimed at comparing irrational beliefs among young adult hookah smokers and young athletes.
This descriptive study was conducted in 600 individuals who were selected using stratified random sampling, in Zahedan, Iran, 2015. The participants included 300 hookah smokers in traditional teahouses and 300 individuals attending bodybuilding gyms. Data collection was performed using the Jones’ Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT).
The mean ages of the young hookah smokers and athletes were 23±6 and 22±2 years, respectively. The results of MANOVA test indicated a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of all irrational beliefs. Accordingly, the mean score of irrational beliefs score in the hookah smokers was much higher than that of the young athletes (F=71.42, Wilks lambda=0.452, P=0.00).
Irrational beliefs are believed to be amongst the main factors affecting the tendency of young people to smoke hookah.

Through the current study, the effect of training auditory memory strengthening exercises on reading ability of dyslexic students was examined. The sample of this study included 30 second grade male elementary school students with reading disabilities in Khash who were selected using the purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. Training auditory memory strengthening exercises was conducted on the experimental group in 10 sessions, each lasting 45 minutes. The research tool was NAMA Reading and Dyslexia Test. The obtained data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The findings of this study showed that training auditory memory strengthening exercises affected the reading ability of dyslexic students.