فهرست مطالب مرضیه قنبری

Propagation of Islam is one of the main duties of divine prophets, which has been considered since the first days of the Prophet's Bi'tha. This important matter in today's society is the responsibility of propagators and those who are familiar with divine knowledge and teachings, who have always been leaders in this field. Of course, in the course of time, the fulfillment of this important mission has been faced with failures and ups and downs. The remarkable thing in this field is how the religious mission is carried out by the religious propagators, which needs all-round attention in the matter of propagating. Traditional propagation is one of the types of religious propagations, which is the best way to propagate religion due to face-to-face and direct communication, which has deep and lasting effects. In this regard, the present study aims to answer the question that "What harms traditional propagation is faced with, as one of the most important types of religious propagation? The findings of the research suggest that traditional propagation has always been associated with harms that not paying attention to them is not only ineffective in guiding people, but also has harmful consequences. The propagator's lack of commitment to his speech, lack of attention to the difference of the audience, lack of training before propagation, presentation of suspicious and exaggerated content, lack of knowing about novel issues, and lack of literary skills (eloquence and rhetoric) are among the disadvantages of traditional propagation that it is important to be careful in resolving them in order to focus on the propagation goals.

Hawthorn with scientific name Crataegus spp. It belongs to the Rosacea genus, which has more than a thousand species of hawthorn in the world, twenty-two species in Iran, and nine species in East Azerbaijan. The use of hawthorn tree for the rootstock of apple and pear trees is unknown in Iran, but in many parts of the world, hawthorn species (Crataegus.azarolus) is used as a rootstock for pears (Willimas) and apples (Golden Delicious), which causes dwarfing and Early fruiting in the mentioned cultivars is pear and apple. One of the main problems of dwarf pear cultivation in Iran is the lack of dwarfing or semi- dwarfing rootstocks compatible with cultivars and conditions of calcareous and dry soils, which has caused the lack of orchards with dwarf pears. Hawthorn can be used as a suitable rootstock for pear due to its compatibility with calcareous soils and relative tolerance to drought. For dwarfing, early fruiting and prevention of chlorosis caused by iron deficiency, resistant hawthorn rootstock can be used in pear orchards.One of the ways to identify species, new breeds or genetic originality in plants is the use of molecular markers. The problems of using molecular markers, both costly and time-consuming, make the need to use other methods inevitable. The basis of new digital technologies for analyzing the shape and color in leaves and fruits is, in simple language, the extraction of digital information from the shape and color in leaves and fruits. This technology can be used to evaluate a variety of techniques used by botanists.This technology is able to evaluate the amount of phenotypic diversity between the plant mass in a particular area, if the amount of phenotypic diversity is high, that area can be investigated and emphasized more in terms of genetic reservoir, center of plant diversity, or even the origin of the plant. The analysis of the shape and color in leaves and fruits shows the diversity in a mass. With this technology, identification and comparison of the phenotypic homogeneity or heterogeneity of a plant mass is done with minimal time and minimum cost compared to other methods. This technology will be suitable and affordable for research work. In the RGB colorimetric model. There are different types of anthocyanins that can be stored in different parts of the plant such as leaves, flowers, fruits, etc. Anthocyanin is one of the types of secondary metabolites of the flavonoid category, which is a pigment soluble in water, and the plant produces this substance to withstand stress and adverse environmental conditions such as high ultraviolet radiation, high salinity, low temperature, and high dryness. Increasing the height above the sea level with increasing the intensity of sunlight and the amount of ultraviolet rays and decreasing the temperature at night during the coloring and ripening of the fruit, the total content of anthocyanin in the skin of the fruit increases and the skin of the fruit becomes more colorful. Increasing the amount of anthocyanin in the fruit also increases the resistance of the fruit against all kinds of pests and diseases. Increasing the altitude above sea level and increasing the intensity of ultraviolet rays and low temperature gradually changes the color of the anthocyanin of the fruit skin from yellow to orange and then to pale red and then to deep red. This research is based on the evaluation of phototypic diversity of hawthorn plant in Sahand protected area using the method of fruit color appearance evaluation and also the complementary evaluation of fruit color with two digital colorimetry models in hawthorn and comparing the results of these two methods. Evaluation of phenotypic diversity with digital colorimetry can be a suitable alternative in comparison with the method of molecular markers due to its low cost and time saving. The method can be used to evaluate the center of diversity, origin and genetic reserve of a plant in a region.Sahand Protected Area is one of the important habitats and genetic reserves of hawthorn in East Azerbaijan province, between Tabriz city and Maragheh city, which is located at an altitude of 1500 to 3400 meters above sea level. This area is located at 46 degrees east longitude and 37 degrees north latitude with an area of sixty thousand hectares. 156 plant species have been identified in this habitat, 26 of which are endangered. Field studies have been carried out in the range of Hawthorn in the protected area of Sahand at an altitude of 1500 to 2200 meters above sea level. Sampling of hawthorn fruit from 21/07/1399 to 21/08/1399 from a height of 1500 meters to 2200 meters above sea level located at coordinates 37 degrees North and 46 degrees East in our area between Tabriz city and Maragheh city in the region The Sahand reserve was established in East Azarbaijan province with an area of sixty thousand hectares. The high dispersion of individual hawthorn trees in Sahand protected area and the lack of expected density in hawthorn trees caused the fruits of each tree to be considered as an independent population. From each population, fifteen fully colored fruit samples without damage and without crushing, and a total of nine hundred fruit samples from sixty separate populations were collected and selected using equipment including GPS, gardening shears and equipment for packing fruit samples. In photographing hawthorn fruits, the natural color of the fruits must be completely preserved, and after several tests on evaluating the exposure system for photographing the fruits, the best result is with a special system with exposure from below and imaging from above in JPG format. In order to compare the appearance of fruit size, shape and color, three parts were photographed, including the lateral part of fruit, the blossom and the junction of the fruit tail in all nine hundred fruits from sixty different populations. The digital color analysis computer software called Image pro plus has converted the color of the selected fruit samples into numerical data using the RGB model, and the numerical data has been extracted which contains the numerical average of the colors red with the symbol (R), green with the symbol (G) ) and blue with symbol (B) were transferred to EXCEL software and then these data related to each fruit were normalized by the following formulas under EXCEL software, which in the formulas of normalized numbers, the numerical mean of red color with symbol ( r), the normalized numbers of the numerical mean of the green color were shown with the symbol (g) and the normalized numbers of the numerical mean of the blue color were shown with the symbol (b).r = R / (R + G + B)g = G / (R + G + B)b = B / (R + G + B)Then, by six formulas, the following six numerical indices of each fruit related to red, green and blue colors were calculated under EXCEL software.I1 = I GREEN = g-r / g + r The first green indicatorI2 = I RED = r-g / r + g The first red indicatorI3 = I BLUE = b-r / b + r The first blue indicatorI4 = I RED = r-b / r + b The second red indicatorI5 = I GREEN = g-b / g + b The second green indicatorI6 = I BLUE = b-g / b + g The second indicator is blueThe CMY model stands for three colors: cyan, magenta and yellow. Finally, by CMY method and with the following three formulas, three numerical indices of each fruit, which were related to yellow color index, turquoise color index and magenta color index, were calculated and extracted under EXCEL software and then statistically analyzed by SPSS statistical software.I yellow = r + g / r + g + b Yellow indicatorI Cyan = r + g / r + g + b Turquoise color indexI Magenta = r + g / r + g + b Magenta color index.This research shows that by investigating the phototypic diversity of hawthorn plant in Sahand protected area using the method of evaluating the appearance of fruit color and also the complementary evaluation of fruit color with two digital colorimetry models RGB and CMY in hawthorn and comparing the results of these two methods to the results Reliability was achieved in the field of investigating phenotypic diversity in hawthorn plant. Phenotypic diversity with digital colorimetry can be a suitable alternative in comparison with the method of molecular markers with low cost and time saving. From the indices L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, Ly, Lcy, Lmag calculated with nine formulas in the research method section and then analyzed by SPSS software in the nine tables of the results section, it can be concluded that for evaluating The center of diversity, the origin and the genetic reserve of a plant in a region, RGB and CMY digital colorimetry models can be a suitable substitute for the molecular markers method.

The religion of Islam has emphasized on all-round growth and development in all areas of life so that human beings, as the most chosen creatures of the universe,can attain the status of nearness to God.Man's need for divine guidance is a vital and natural necessity, which is possible from God Almighty through the preaching of divine prophets. In this case, man achieves the real life which is mentioned in the Qur'an as the good life.This life owes to the right way of living in the world through the preaching of the divine prophets, which led to the happiness of this world and the hereafter.Propagation of the divine religion has been the main mission of the prophets since the beginning of human life, and the first prophets, due to the creation of the new law,had a greater responsibility to provide the path of propagation for the prophets after them. In this regard, understanding the characteristics and methods of propaganda of the first prophets is of great importance in the field of propaganda in the present age. This study seeks to answer the question, "What common and different methods did the first-born prophets use in order to achieve their goal of propaganda?" The findings of the study indicate that the first prophets were able to convey the divine message to all people and provide guidance for them by adopting a coherent and systematic way of life, as well as different propaganda methods according to the needs of the people of their time

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the undergraduate internship course in primary education at Farhangian University in order to achieve a developed educational understanding for students-teachers.The qualitative research approach with inductive content analysis was conventional.The statistical population included all students of Farhangian University of Shahid Motahari Khoy in the academic year 1399-1400 with a history of internships, 18 of whom were studied by purposive sampling of the index type.In this regard, semi-organized interviews were conducted and sampling continued until data saturation. To validate the findings, the researcher's self-review method and peer review were used, and to determine the reliability of the data, a parallel survey of two coders was used. Findings showed that the 5 main themes of educational research, educational feasibility, knowledge management, teacher identity and scientific entrepreneurship are the main components that play a role in the educational development of teachers with 19 sub-themes and 150 primary themes.The results showed that the content of the internship course, by analyzing and emphasizing the various dimensions of educational activities, takes steps to develop a teacher-centered approach in practical educational activities.

Among the foundations of the Islamic doctrines is that human has a dual material and spiritual existential nature and as the selected creature from among all creatures of the universe, he deserves to reach the position of proximity to God, and this significant matter has a special relationship with human’s attitude toward the world and knowing the purpose of creation. In this regard, there are two views to the world in verses and narratives: the praised world and the condemned world. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present research has addressed the assumption of two dimensionality of the world in Islamic sources. The findings of the study indicate that in the materialistic view, the ultimate goal of creation is the further enjoyment of worldly blessings and the disregard of the afterlife, which has been condemned due to drowning in material things and forgetting the hereafter. In the real view, however, there is the issue of human’s perfection, which is praiseworthy due to the enjoyment of the world in the path to God and the acquisition of human virtues. True life which is mentioned in the Qur’an as the pure life, is the result of the proper way of life in this world and dependent upon the transcendence of the soul, and can be achieved with abiding faith and righteous deeds, leading to happiness in this world and the hereafter.

Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 728 AH), an influential scholar of the Salafi religion, one of the critics of the theory of the womb and interpretation, rejected the Shiite interpretations and believed that the narration of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) that the Qur'an has a noon and a womb was fabricated by the Shiites. It has not been narrated by any trusted narrator in narrative societies; Accordingly, in order to answer this doubt, by descriptive-analytical method by explaining the correct concept of ventricle and interpretation, proving ventricle and interpretation from the perspective of verses and analysis of narrations about the ventricle and interpretation of the Qur'an from a different perspective has not been done. The findings of the research show that the clarification of the narrations in the books of the two sects has proved the existence of esoteric layers for the verses of the Qur'an, and the difference of attitudes in explaining the nature of the ventricles and interpretation has caused differences of views.

The Holy Quran as the last divine book and the most complete reference in expressing the truth of the religion of Islam, which has different layers of meaning that has caused its immortality. The narrations in the books of the sects indicate different layers of meaning in the Qur'an, and God Almighty in the seventh verse of Surah Al-Imran, the method and method of achieving the interpretation and esoteric meanings of the Qur'an has been referred to firmly in science, but the difference of opinion in Doubts have arisen among Qur'anic thinkers about the firm knowledge of the interpretation of the Qur'an, as well as the differences between scholars in the firm examples of science. And has interpreted the verses on the Ahl al-Bayt (AS); For this reason, in order to prove the knowledge of the Infallibles (AS) to interpret the Qur'an by descriptive-analytical method, the seventh verse of Surah Al-Imran and the narrations of the sects on the firmament in science and its examples have been studied and proved. The data of the research indicate that according to the authentic narrations of the two sects, only the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (AS) are the scholars who interpret the Qur'an, and they are the only firm believers in the Qur'an; But this does not mean denying the knowledge of non-infallibles, but it has a penetration in hierarchical knowledge and its highest level has been realized in the Messenger of God (PBUH) and the Imams of Huda (AS(.

Darazah, one of the Sunnite Ash'arite commentators, considers most of the hadiths attributed to the Imams to have been fabricated by the Shiites due to their prejudice. Concerning the verses revealed in the virtues of Ahlul Bayt, Daruzeh has brought them under question and accused the Shiites of fanaticism and has considered limiting the verses such as the verse of Mubahila to Ahlul Bayt as a clear contradiction of the Qur'an. Accordingly, in order to respond to this view, by using a descriptiveanalytical method, by explaining the correct concept of Batn and Ta'vil, the criteria of assessing accuracy of Batn and Ta'vil from the viewpoint of Sunnite have been studied. According to this study, the difference in attitude in explaining the nature of Batn and Ta'vil and lack of attention to the criteria of accuracy of Batn and Ta'vil, have been criticized.

Propagation of religion and guiding human beings to high divine values is one of the principles of the mission of the prophets, the essence of monotheistic religions and an important feature of the religiosity of the followers of the true prophets, which is considered as one of the most important factors for the stability of Islam and the continuation of the path of prophets and Awlia' Allah. Since the Prophets and Imams (AS) are the true preachers of Islam, knowing their propagation style based on religious sources is one of the requirements of propagation and indicates the correct way of promotion of religious teachings in order to improve the capacity of the arena of propagation and the increasing tendency of audience. This study has focused on an ideal model of propagation according to the lifestyle of the prophets and Awlia' Allah and tries to take an effective step in advancing the goals of the mission and revival of religion and in practice, lead to a significant change in the propagation of Islam. According to the lifestyle of the prophets and Awlia' Allah, the propagation of religion is based on religiosity and having moral virtues. Therefore, the preacher's heartfelt belief, which is derived from his actions and deeds, is an essential step for the preacher in inviting people to the divine values. The lifestyle of the prophets and the Ahl al-Bayt indicates that they have promoted the religion by using methods such as: giving advice, annunciating, warning, giving examples and face-to-face propagation.

Zarkashi, one of the Sunni critics, considers the Shiite interpretations to be contrary to reason and sharia due to the interpretation of many verses on the Imams (as) and cites a number of Shiite interpretations to confirm his opinion and considers them incorrect. . In this regard, after examining his views on the ventricle and interpretation, examples of Shiite esoteric interpretations will be based on narrations and in accordance with the criteria of ventricular authenticity and Sunni interpretation. The findings of the research are that the main Shiite interpretations are of the type of Jari and Tabbiyyah, which are indicated by narrations and are also approved by the Sunnis, and in some cases the verse has different examples; Including: 1- Expressing a special instance: In some verses, both the cause of revelation and its instances are special; Like the verses of Velayat, the first of the matter ... 2- Expression of general instance: Word and meaning have the authority to accept multiple instances. 3- Explaining the example of atom and perfection: The verse has several examples that do not have the same rank and some of its people are in a higher rank. Therefore, an attempt is made to analyze the Shiite interpretations in order to clarify the interpretations of the verses on the Ahl al-Bayt (AS).

The Quranic verses’s Intervention and Ventilation has long been a controversial issue for scholarsThat has a large volume of narrations in the following verses. For the Shia, much of the traditions have been applied to the Imamate and their friends and enemiesAnd this has been the pretext for some dissidents. Zahabi is one of the Sunni contemporary writers and critics That in the book, Altafsyrvalmofasserun have accused the Shia of misrepresenting and extolling the verses of the Ahlul-Bayt in order to impose their beliefs on the Qur'an That Ayatollah Ma'rifat of Contemporary Shiite Qur'anic scho in the book, Altafsyrvalmofasserun Fi Thouba al-Qashib has written for criticizing and responding to Zhabi in defense of Shia. This research, based on a descriptive-analytical approach to the criticism of Shi'ite interpretations, has elaborated on the correct concept of the ventricle and its interpretation to answer the allegations based on Ayatollah Ma'rifat's view. The findings of the study show that the differences in Zahabi’s attitude in explaining the nature of ventricle and interpretation lead to criticism of Shia interpretations. Ayatollah Ma’rifat In response to these criticisms, given the immortality and universality of the Qur'an, Vent has regarded the interpretation of the verse as a universal concept that, by removing the characteristics of the verse, is applicable to emerging standards, in accordance with Ted's accuracy criteria, which is also acceptable.