مریم عبداللهی

Depression during adolescence can lead to various psychological and social problems that often persist into adulthood.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mental imagery on depression symptoms and autobiographical memory in adolescents.

The present study employed a multiple baseline case study design. The study population included adolescents aged 12-18 who sought treatment at non-governmental psychological clinics in the city of Rasht during the years 1401-1402. The sample size consisted of three participants selected through purposive sampling. The instruments used were the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1996) and the Autobiographical Memory Test (Williams & Broadbent, 1986). Descriptive statistics, effect size, percentage of improvement, and mixed regression were used for data analysis with SPSS 24 software.

The results indicated that the cognitive-behavioral therapy package based on mental imagery significantly reduced depression symptoms in adolescents (p < 0.05) and increased meaningful self-report memories while decreasing more general self-report memories (p < 0.05).

When individuals approach specific memories through mental imagery instead of avoiding or neglecting them, hidden emotions become apparent, providing the individual with new meanings of those images and contributing to mood improvement. Considering the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mental imagery on depression symptoms and autobiographical memories in adolescents, it is recommended that healthcare practitioners working with individuals diagnosed with depression take note of the findings of this research.

In Iran, there is a large capacity for animal fat production, which is less used in food products. In this study, the fat obtained from sheep tail and ostrich abdominal tissue were investigated as waste from the slaughterhouse. For this purpose, in the first step, fats were extracted by wet rendering method and their chemical compositions were analyzed. In the second step, the fat was separated into two parts, stearin and olein, by dry fractionation. Then, the olein fraction was divided into two parts, soft stearin and superolein, and their fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties were measured. The sheep tail and ostrich tissues contained 10.66% and 5.18% moisture, 4.10% and 4.29% protein, 0.26% and 0.62% ash, and 84.93% and 88.35% fat, respectively, and the extraction yield were obtained 37.42% and 62.56%, respectively. The gas chromatography results showed that oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid were the main fatty acids in sheep tail fat and oleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid were dominant in the fatty acid profile of ostrich fat. After fractionation, an increase in oleic content of olein and superolein in both fats increased iodine value and refractive index followed by decreasing melting point and L*. Peroxide value of sheep tail fat was 1.54 meqO2/ kg and the fractionation process had no significant effect on it, however, the peroxide value of ostrich fat increased significantly after the separation (p<0.05), which could be due to the presence of a considerable portion of linoleic in this fat. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fat extracted by wet rendering from sheep tail and ostrich tissues has an acceptable quality for edible use, and their stearin and soft stearin fractions can be used as an alternative to the hydrogenation process to produce semi-solid fat in food products.

Sleep disorder and anxiety are among the most important problems of people with carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of mind-body technique and exercise on sleep disorders and anxiety in patients with carcinoma.

30 volunteer patients with cancer (24 women, 6 men) were randomly divided into two control (15 people) and experimental (15 people) groups. This study was quasi-experimental and was conducted in 2021 in Isfahan. Sleep disorder was assessed with the Pittsburgh questionnaire and anxiety with the Beck questionnaire. Measurements of variables were recorded at before, 3 and 12 weeks after the intervention. The experimental group participated in a combined program of mind-body techniques and exercise during three months. Sleep disorder was assessed using the Pittsburgh questionnaire and anxiety was assessed using the Beck questionnaire.

The main effect of the exercise program on the variables of sleep disorders was significant (P<0.001). Also, the main effects related to repetition and the interaction effect of repetition in the group were significant (P<0.001). In addition, the main effect of exercise program on anxiety was significant (P<0.001). Also, the main effects related to repetition and the interaction effect of repetition in the group were significant (P<0.001).

The combined program including exercise and mind-body technique improved the symptoms of sleep disorder and anxiety in patients with carcinoma cancer.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as a lymphoproliferative disorder that is characterized by the expansion of monoclonal, mature CD5+CD23+ B cells in the peripheral blood, secondary lymphoid tissues, and bone marrow is facing with advent of new therapies targeting crucial biological pathways. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major bioactive constituent in black seed oil (Nigella sativa) and has been found to exert anti-tumor impacts mainly through the induction of apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anti-leukemia effects of TQ on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CLL patients.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 6 patients and 6 healthy donors were treated with 15 μg/ml of TQ for 24 h. The cytotoxic effect of TQ was assessed using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of PBMCs.

Treatment with TQ increased the cytotoxicity of PBMCs of CLL patients more significantly than in Untreated cells (P=0.021). Flow cytometry results indicated that TQ exhibited a significant apoptotic impact on PBMCs of CLL patients compared to the healthy subjects (P=0.001). TQ also induced marked apoptosis in CLL cells compared to the Untreated cells (P=0.006).

Our findings reveal that TQ possesses promising therapeutic potential as an anti-tumor agent for treating CLL mainly through the induction of cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity.

Weeds compete with crop for growth resources and more competitive species will receive more resources.

In order to investigate the effect of tribenuron methyl on growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of two forage corn cultivars and characteristics of field weeds, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University in 2017. The factors consisted of four doses of tribenuron methyl in soil (0, 20, 40 and 60 g ha-1) and two corn cultivars (N.S 640 and SC 704). Each block included 10 plots and each plot consisted of eight rows and one row without plant between plots. To evaluate the characteristics of weeds, a weed free (hand weeding) plot (alone corn), and a plot without corn were also considered in each replication.

The results showed that over time, weed leaf area index increased and total weed density increased until the middle of the growth period and then decreased. Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and red-root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) were the dominant weeds in the fields. The main effect of cultivar and interaction between herbicide concentration and cultivar was not significant in all traits and only the main effect of herbicide concentration was significant.

In general, the results showed that in all forage corn cultivars, the use of 60 g tribenuron methyl ha-1 caused better weed control and reduced competition, increased chlorophyll content, pigment activity and plant photosynthetic rate,

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise-mindfulness intervention on pain and quality of life in patients with carcinoma cancer in the chemotherapy phase.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study. 30 subjects were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The exercise protocol was performed live on Instagram for 45 minutes as two sessions per week of training and one session per week of mindfulness. Quality of life was assessed with the World Health Organization (WHOQOL) Questionnaire and pain was assessed with the VanKroff Graded Chronic Pain Scale in before the intervention, during and after the intervention. 

The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that the main effect of the group on the variables of quality of life and pain was significant (P = 0.000). Also, the results related to the main effects of repetition on the two variables of quality of life and pain were significant (P = 0.000).

Exercise-mindfulness intervention seems to improve the quality of life and pain of carcinoma cancer patients. Due to the increasing trend of cancer patients, the results of this study can be useful for medical staff, especially nurses, in order to properly deal with patients.

Different components of resistance activity, including volume and intensity of activity, have different effects on the immune system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of two types of maximum and hypertrophic resistance activity on serum immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA, IgG).

Thirty female students in the age range of 20-25 years, normal body mass index between 19-25 kg/m2 , and without specific diseases such as diabetes, hypertension etc were selected voluntarily. These subjects were divided into 3 groups including  maximum resistance group (n = 10), hypertrophic resistance group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). Maximal resistance group performed acute exercise protocol at 100%  one repetition maximum (1RM), 15 sets, 1 repetition and hypertrophic resistance group exercised at 80% 1RM, 5 sets, 10 repititions. To measure serum immunoglobulins, blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise session. For statistical analysis, one-variable covariance analysis and ANOVA test were used and the significance level was considered as P

Serum levels of IgM, IgG and  IgA in the maximum (PIgM=0.08, PIgG=0.73,  PIgA = 0.75 respectively) and hypertrophic (PIgM=0.52, PIgG=0.93, PIgA=0.13 respectively) groups had no significant differnces compere to the control group.  Indeed there were no significant differences between the mean changes of IgG and IgA levels before and after the intervention (PIgA = 0.09 and PIgG= 0.98); while the mean changes of IgM decreased significantly after exercise (P = 0.04); so the reduction after acute maximum resistance exercise was significantly higher than hypertrophic one.

 Acute resistance exercise does not cause significant changes in the IgA and IgG regardless of its maximum or hypertrophic nature; but the maximum one have reduction effect on the IgM.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and one of the deadliest diseases. Since the most important part of recovery from disabling side effects of surgery and treatment of breast cancer is the correction of a local deviations and imbalances. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a selected course of exercises on BOth Sides Up (BOSU) on strength, postural balance, range of motion and pain in women with breast cancer following chemotherapy.

In a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group individuals of 16 females aged 40-50 years with breast cancer. The subjects were selected as available samples and then randomly divided into an intervention group (8) and control group (8). Before and after 4 weeks of selected exercise, 60 minutes and 3 sessions per week were assessed on improving strength with Dynamometer, Postural balance by getting up and down, range of motion with a goniometer, and pain with the McGill Pain Questionnaire.

The results of the t-sample of the pair have a significant difference in improving strength factors (p: 0.001), postural balance (p: 0.72), range of motion in flexion (p: 0.54), and in abduction (p: 0.02) and pain (p: 0.15) in the pre- and a post-test group of the intervention group and the results of independent t-analysis showed a significant difference in the improvement of strength factors (p:0.001), postural balance (p:0.001), range of motion in flexion (p:0.001), in abduction (p: 0.18) and pain (p:0.001) in the intervention group were quite significant (p = 0.005).

Selected exercises on BOSU ball appear to improve strength factors, postural balance, range of motion, and pain in women with breast cancer. Experts advise performing the exercises could improve the mentioned factors and for alleviating the discomfort of the patients.

In this study, a tertiary conjugate of flaxseed mucilage (FM)-gelatin–oxidized tannic acid (OTA) at two acidic and alkali pHs was fabricated. The total amount of biopolymers and added OTA was 2% (w/w solution) and 5 % (of total biopolymers), respectively. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and solid state UV-visible spectroscopy were applied to confirm the complex formation and volume, solubility and phenolic content of the complexes were determined. Then, the effect of OTA concentration (0.5, 2.5, 5 and 10%) and reaction temperature (30, 40 and 50 °C) of gelatin with OTA were also evaluated through scanning electron microscopy analysis, yield complex and colorimetry. It was found that the addition of OTA to gelatin solution at alkali pH created strong bonds and a stable complex. The water solubility of acid complex (6.1%) was higher than that of alkali sample (3.6%). The optimal condition, regarding to high phenolic content and low solubility, was 5% OTA and the reaction temperature of 30 °C. This complex, may be suitable to apply for various applications such as protection of sensitive food ingredients from oxidative stresses and controlled release of bioactive components in delivery systems in food industry.

Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells that is capable of attacking or spreading to other parts of the body resulting in many physical and psychological side effects. Colon cancer is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum and exercise is used as a promising strategy to treat some of these psychological and physical complications during and after cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate six weeks of mixed exercises on improving quality of life and physical performance after chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer.

In a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group, 14 individuals aged 50-70 years with colon cancer were present. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=7) and control (n=7). Before and after six weeks of relaxation and aerobic training for 40-70 minutes, three sessions a week, improving quality of life was assessed using World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire and physical performance with Rockport Test.

The results of t-test showed a significant difference in improving the quality of life (physical dimension ( t=-10. 13), psychological (t=-16.86), social relationship (t=-14. 49), environment (t=- 8.62), and physical function (t=-6.72) in the pre-test and post-test of the training group and independent t-test results showed a significant difference in the improvement of quality of life (physical dimension (t=-9.38), Psychological (t=-15. 80), social relationship (t=-10.98), environmental (t=-8.62), and physical function (t=-5.24) between the two groups (P=0.001).

It seems that mixed training leads to improve the quality of life and physical functioning of patients with colon cancer. Professionals are recommended to improve the quality of life and physical functioning of the patients in sports exercises.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy of B CD5+cells and is the most common type of leukemia in adults. The disease is more common in men over 50 years in western countries. CLL is associated with defective apoptosis in B cells. CLL was traditionally regarded as a disease that occurs before naïve B cells meet the antigen in the lymph nodes. Laboratory diagnosis requires white blood cell count, blood smear and immunophenotyping of lymphoid cells by flow cytometry. The disease most often associated with the accumulation of CD5+ CD19+ and CD23+ B cell with reduced number of surface membrane immunoglobulin in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Clinical progression of CLL is heterogeneous, some patients need treatment immediately after diagnosis, and others do not require treatment for many years after diagnosis. Over the past decades, considerable effort has been made to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous clinical course of the disease and finding prognostic markers for clinical classification. Patients with advanced Binet or Rai stages of disease require treatment. In addition to the interactions that exist between CLL cells, number of non-tumor cell types such as bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), nurse like cells (NLCs), follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), T cells, and some cytokines like IL-4 in tumor microenvironment play an important role in the CLL pathogenesis. Various factors including: IGVH mutation status, genetic variation, patient age and presence of other disorders are important for disease management and the type of treatment. CLL patients carrying p53 pathway dysfunction have poor prognosis and poor responses to therapy and very short survival. Available treatments include chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, or drugs targeting B cell receptor signaling, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) or inhibitors of apoptosis, such as BCL2 and new class of small molecules. Understanding the CLL biology is important in identifying high-risk patients as well as the drug and relevant therapeutic methods for better management of patients. In this review paper, the microenvironment and genetic abnormalities in the CLL as well as new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on the new understanding of molecular biology of CLL are discussed.

  The wideuse of beta-lactam antibacterial agents in the treatment of bacterial infections has increased bacterial resistance. Nowadays, one of the problems in the treatment of nosocomial infections is enzymes resistance to broad spectrum beta-lactamases among clinical isolates, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae.Over the past decade, CTX-M type enzymes have been recognized asthe most common type of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase in Europe, Canada, and Asia.The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-producingKlebsiella pneumoniae bacteria and to identify the CTX-M-3 gene by molecular method.

Over a 9-month period, 130 Klebsiella pneumoniaewere isolated from different clinical specimens (urine, blood, ulcers) of infectious patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, Iran. Their susceptibility to nine antibiotics used for gram-negative bacteria was measured by disk diffusion agar method. The extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing isolates were identified using a hybrid disc method. Moreover, strains producing CTX-M-3 enzyme were detectedby polymerase chain reactionmethod.

The 48 (36.8%) isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniaewere the producer of ESBLs. Moreover, 22 (16.9%) of these cases contained the CTX-M-3 gene.

Discussion & The obtained results of the currentstudy showed that the prevalence of ESBL producing strains resistant to quinolones is higher in Iran, compared to the developed countries.

One of the important challenges in education in recent years will be the adoption of mobile devices in the learning sphere. This study aimed to psychometric of the attitudes towards mobile learning scale.
This study was psychometric of 120 subjects was recruited from the medical schools in Iran university of medical sciences. Initial instrument was adopted from previous studies compromised 21 –items, likert type. Instrument validation procedures included impact item score, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) was done with the judgment of 10 experts and 20 items was remained in instrument in this phase. For the construct validity exploratory factor analysis was used. Internal reliability of the scale was determined by alpha cronbach coefficient and with the test-retest method the external consistency of a test was assessed.
FINDINGS: Of the original 21 items, all of them about the impact item index over 1.5, CVR over 0.62, and CVI over 0.7 were considered as valid; based on exploratory factors analysis, 21 items remained in scale. Considering a minimum eigenvalue of 1 for each factor, the four factors were labeled as: mobile learning usage, mobile learning restriction; Freedom in the use of mobile phones in learning and capability of mobile learning. This instrument capable of predicting 68.516% of the properties as an attitude toward learning with mobile learning variance.
The results of this study indicated the strength of the factor structure and reliability of an instrument for measuring student attitudes toward learning with mobile learning. The results of study can assess student attitude towards mobile learning in universities and other educational institutes.

One of the important challenges in education in recent years will be the adoption of mobile devices in the learning sphere. This study aimed to psychometric of the attitudes towards mobile learning scale. This study was psychometric of 120 subjects was recruited from the medical schools in Iran university of medical sciences. Initial instrument was adopted from previous studies compromised 21 –items, likert type. Instrument validation procedures included impact item score, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) was done with the judgment of 10 experts and 20 items was remained in instrument in this phase. For the construct validity exploratory factor analysis was used. Internal reliability of the scale was determined by alpha cronbach coefficient and with the test-retest method the external consistency of a test was assessed. Of the original 21 items, all of them about the impact item index over 1.5, CVR over 0.62, and CVI over 0.7 were considered as valid; based on exploratory factors analysis,  21 items remained  in scale. Considering a minimum eigenvalue of 1 for each factor, the four factors were labeled as: mobile learning usage, mobile learning restriction; Freedom in the use of mobile phones in learning and capability of mobile learning. This instrument capable of predicting 68.516% of the properties as an attitude toward learning with mobile learning variance. The results of this study indicated the strength of the factor structure and reliability of an instrument for measuring student attitudes toward learning with mobile learning. The results of study can assess student attitude towards mobile learning in universities and other educational institutes.

Coagulation factor XIII is a transglutaminase with a tetrameric structure which consists of two identical pre enzyme subunits (FXIIIA) and two carrier protein subunits (FXIIIB). FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism has a high prevalence in Caucasians. The prevalence of FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism in Iranian patients was investigated in this study by PCR-RFLP method. In this descriptive study blood samples of 213 patients referred to the central laboratory of IBTO were assessed by DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then the genotypes of this polymorphism were identified by RFLP method in the presence of restricted enzyme. Data analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software and X2 Test. The prevalence of Val34Leu polymorphism was 24.4% (22.06% heterozygote and 2.34% homozygote and 13.07% of Leu allele frequency). No relationship was seen between the polymorphism and sex. The high prevalence of FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism in Iranian thrombotic patients in comparison with reports from other Asian countries confirms the ethnic heterogenecity of this polymorphism which is not influenced by sex.