مهدی زندیه

As the first global trade route in history, the Silk Road played an important role in commercial, technological, and cultural exchanges between the civilizations of Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe for more than 15 centuries. It is still often cited as a historical example of international trade and cultural exchanges and is an inspiration for modern initiatives such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative. This article aims to examine the multifaceted legacy of the Silk Road in shaping world history through intercultural exchanges. It attempts to answer the question of what effect the Silk Road had on intercultural exchanges, intellectual discourse, and the way countries understood and cooperated and how it had this effect. The present study employed a qualitative approach to evaluating the effect of the Silk Road on various aspects of societies by delving into the literature review, including specialized scientific articles, books, cultural studies, etc. The findings of this study show that the Silk Road significantly facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, artistic motifs, and religious beliefs, creating a rich context of shared heritage. It also shows how these interactions paved the way for modern cultural expression, the transmission of artistic styles, and the fusion of cultures. As a result, the Silk Road can be considered a pivotal force in the evolution of intercultural interactions that significantly influenced global trade and cultural exchange. The enduring legacy of the Silk Road continues to shape contemporary society and confirms its relevance in understanding the interconnectedness of cultures and the importance of dialogue in a globalized world. Hopefully, this study can serve as a foundation for future studies and an incentive to explore more closely specific regions, cultures, or periods influenced by the Silk Road.

In philosophy with a general objective, there is something I have developed that makes me doubt all of my hysteria, so I don't see it as a limited statement of facts that has a title that contains some important cognitive facts. A philosophical person in my opinion, despite the existence of a single person who doubts the existence of someone who is a comprehensive person, and I am looking for him next to my chest, and if I seek transcendent wisdom, take him to the place of my knowledge And the ranks of Hasti expanded and multiplied The ranks of a bastard human being by Khwahim Dasht. This is a comprehensive investigation into the book, and an analytical-descriptive response to it. This is a very old question. What is the meaning of the concept of the Zaban and the witnesses of the emergence of the Zaban Fazi Sadraei, Yari Rasanand؟

Architectural taste is a faculty which presents sensibility but not reason or quick intellectual discernment plus delicacy of feeling that leading to architectural choices. A knowledge that does not come from logic, but from the innate awareness of architecture, and relies on the intuitive Consciousness of the person's mind rather than on the logical data of that. One of the ways to understand the behavior of the user's architectural taste is to understand the sources that produce these spatial-intuitive Consciousness in his or her mind, and the sense of place is one of these sources. The user's sense of place from previously experienced places is an extract of his intuitive perceptions of those places, which is recorded in his or her mind as a feeling; remarkable that the most tangible feelings can be found in his or her childhood.The "goal" of this research, on the one hand, is to redefine the concept of childhood sense of place and architectural taste, and on the other hand, to recognize the components of the childhood sense of place regarding the childhood buildings, and how these components affect the adulthood architectural taste. Therefore, in this study, on the one hand, the categories of architectural taste and childhood’s sense of place has been explained, and on the other hand, this "question" has been answered as to why there is a connection between childhood’s sense of place and adulthood’s taste in architecture and What is the form of this connection. According to the "findings of this research", the childhood sense of place is divided into three general categories: positive sense of place , negative sense of place (place of pain) and neutral sense of place. However, the positive sense of place and specifically the place of regret has a noticeable effect on adulthood architectural taste.

Islamic art, particularly in the realms of architecture and related decorations, is characterized by unique and aesthetic subtleties. Decoration has played a prominent role in the history of Iranian architecture, maintaining its dynamism and continuity from ancient times to the present day. For example, Iranian artists, especially during the post-Seljuk period, utilized small turquoise-glazed tile pieces for buildings, and the Safavid era can be considered the pinnacle of exterior decoration of structures. In Islamic-Iranian structures, the dome is considered one of the most symbolic elements of Islamic architecture, which received significant attention during the Safavid period. Although dome decorations began prominently during the Timurid era, they reached their peak during the Safavid period. This study aims to introduce and examine the dome of the prominent Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque to further analyze and understand the Safavid approach and interest in this type of decoration. In the present research, a descriptive-analytical method utilizing library tools has been employed for analysis. The dome of Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, both in terms of form and the harmony in its motifs and colors, exemplifies the best possible representation of the harmony between form and meaning. This dome is a tangible manifestation of the congruence between form and meaning in Islamic architecture.

In modern era, organizations tend to show the characteristics and goals prevailing the whole organization in every part, so that each part is a mirror representing the whole; This reflects holism in each part and the emergence of holographic organizations. Therefore, the present study aimed to design a holographic organization model for the formation of social capital at the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences.

The research was an applied-developmental study that used mixed data. Data for the qualitative section was gathered using semi-structured interviews with22academic and executive elites selected through purposive sampling.In the quantitative section, data was gathered using a questionnaire.The statistical population included820employees of the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, of whom360subjects were selected using random sampling and a logical sample size. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, and structural equation modeling were used to analyze quantitative data.

Once the interviews had been implemented, a total of 112key concepts and82themes were extracted. They were organized into21themes.Finally, five holistic themes were obtained through the content categorization of the themes.It was found that the holographic organization model for the formation of social capital at the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences consisted of five holographic structure dimensions, including holographic structure, holographic culture, holographic ethics, holographic human resources, holographic knowledge.

As a center for health education and sciences in Iran, the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences requires structural, cultural, ethical, human resource, and knowledge enhancement to become a holographic organization for the formation of social capital.

Nowadays, tourist and commercial centers are constantly expanding. These days, a grand project called “Iran Mall” has been constructed in District 22 of Tehran, which is a magnificent example of the capabilities of Iranian engineers using state-of-the-art technologies. It has managed to significantly change the appearance and structure of its surrounding area. One of the factors that has contributed to the recognition of this shopping center and attracting tourists is the organization of events and special occasions, which connects the tourism industry with the economy. This article examines the Nowruz event in Iran, its cultural and social activities, and its relevance to a commercial platform. The descriptive-analytical method, along with library studies and field visits through interviews, were used for this purpose, and the role of organizing such events in the formation of important tourist centers in Tehran was identified. Shopping centers have played a significant role in the development of social interactions and the improvement of urban life. Iran Mall, by utilizing large spaces, organizing multiple events, and providing diverse facilities, meets international standards. Even during the COVID-19 crisis, it played a crucial role in changing the use of spaces and solving societal problems. Overall, the completion and development of this cultural and commercial landmark, as an Iranian and Islamic symbol, has had a considerable impact on attracting tourists, despite some criticisms such as the lack of architectural coherence in the spaces.

Fine dust is one of the environmental challenges in dry areas, which disturb human comfort. Wind is the main factor in the movement of fine dust, and the movement pattern of wind is affected by the architecture of cities. The presence of a hole in the form is one of the design which affects the wind load and the flow of fine dust. The purpose of this research is to compare the distribution of fine dust in a tall building with horizontal cavity, with variable number and volume of cavity.

Numerical study was done by CFD. K-omega-SSD turbulence model is used. In order to the software data (the size and type of particles), the field sampling method has been used.

The findings of the research show that as the number of holes increases in volume and their size decreases, the wind speed inside the holes decreases and on the other hand, the movement behavior of the wind and accordingly the dispersion behavior of the particles become more uniform. In these cavities, the concentration of suspended particles increases and their size becomes smaller.

The results show that the design of the form with more holes and smaller volume is more suitable to deal with the phenomenon of fine dust and to achieve comfort in indoor environments. In addition, the design of the openings at higher heights and the depth of the holes reduces the settling rate of fine dust particles in the interior spaces.

Extended Abstract

Focusing solely on the technical and physical aspects of power plant complexes to meet machine requirements has led to a pattern of repetitive cubic shapes and functional structures. Consequently, the central open areas within these rigid and functional structures have primarily been designated for vehicle access and pedestrian walkways, primarily serving as passageways for employees. Changing the attitude of the designers regarding the responsiveness of the open spaces of the power plant to the other needs of the employees could enhance the overall quality of the workplace, ultimately resulting in greater physical satisfaction among the staff. For this reason, it is essential that the role of open and vacant spaces in power plant complexes becomes bolder, and free from traditional isolation. A noteworthy challenge in designing industrial areas is the lack of attention to achieve the optimal design for industrial units in order to improve the job satisfaction of employees. This research shows the weakness of the existing written theoretical literature about the design of open spaces in power plant units under topics such as physical satisfaction and job satisfaction. In the present research: 1- Correlation analysis of physical satisfaction and job satisfaction, 2- Correlation analysis of open space indicators and job satisfaction, 3- Extraction and compilation of ranking of effective parameters of open space design in line with physical satisfaction in power plant industrial units are studied. In the research, the methods of reviewing texts, sources and documents in the context of bibliographic studies, case research and observation have been used. Also, in this research, the correlation between the sense of physical satisfaction and job satisfaction of the control room employees will be investigated.

Using the Delphi method, quantitative and qualitative indicators of open space have been identified, selected and prioritized, and then field studies (questionnaire tool) have been used. At this stage, using the questionnaire data, the physical satisfaction and job satisfaction of the control room employees are measured and at the end, the correlation coefficient of the research variables is determined (the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was done in the SPSS version 26 software environment). The nature of the research is descriptive-analytical and based on the purpose, it is practical and by recognizing and analyzing the existing power plant units (using observation, in-depth interviews and questionnaires), prominent parameters in the design of open spaces of power plants are recovered.

The research findings are categorized as follows: 1. Explaining and ranking the important parameters of open space and their impact on the job satisfaction of gas plant control room employees; 2. The possibility of obtaining the achievements of “satisfaction with the physical environment of the workspace” and “job satisfaction” for gas plant control room employees. Confirmation of the research hypothesis, which is based on the correlation of physical satisfaction and job satisfaction of gas plant control room employees (correlation coefficient (0.390) and significance level (0.001)) and the correlation of open space indicators and job satisfaction of control room employees in the open space of gas power plant (correlation coefficient (0.393) and significance level (0.001)) is highlighted in research results (Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis by SPSS software, version 26). The primary outcome of this study involves the identification of crucial factors, as perceived by control room personnel in the studies gas power plants in the design of the open space of the power plant in line with the physical satisfaction of the gas power plant control room employees and compiling their ranking and importance using the Delphi method separately in each power plant.

Therefore, prioritizing the results of this research is effective and decisive in changing the role of open spaces from vacant and unimportant spaces to human-centered places. Due to the anxious and sensitive working conditions, the employees of the control room of the power plant complexes are in a dangerous situation and the physical work environment is effective in adjusting and reducing these dangerous conditions. According to the results of this research (questionnaire and in-depth interview), the existence of a place and the formation of a sense of place in the control room are effective in employees’ satisfaction with the work environment. Therefore, creating or strengthening the sense of place in the control room employees is one of the best ways to create physical satisfaction. Standardization and modulation as well as the use of super scale (large or very large scale) are among the most important complications of power plant construction. These features have a negative impact on the place and prepare the ground for its destruction. Other causes of this destruction, including: disconnection, non-distinctiveness and lack of originality, can be defined under standardization, modulation and use of super scale (large and very large scale). The results of the analysis of the questionnaire items regarding the identification and ranking of the physical parameters of the open space of the gas power plant (based on the total score of each option in the Delphi method), which is the priority of the control room staff (extracted from an in-depth interview with the control room staff and experts and then screening it), Without considering the priority, is as follows: - Architectural design - View and landscape - Vegetation - Facilities and facilities - Access - Furniture - Color and texture of materials - Connection with other spaces - Variety of activities.

The expansion of communication in today’s world has led to growing relations between different cultures in various fields. The outcome is the emergence of concepts such as the global village, globalization, and culture generation. The challenge faced by the world today is the method with which cultures with different values and structures relate to each other. Architecture, as one of the elements most influenced by culture, is by the same token influenced by expanding communications and requires an adequate response to achieve the rudiments of cultural interaction. Many researchers in the field of architecture and landscape architecture have studied the effects of culture on architecture and presented certain principles on the subject. Presently, the influx of cultural connections worldwide raises the following question: What principles does the environment which is formed under the influence of two or more different cultures follow? To this end, previous research on the influence of culture was first investigated and the discourse continued with the analysis of the cultural characteristics of the two countries of Iran and Oman. The research methodology also includes the comparative analysis of existing theories in the formation of a cross-cultural landscape, culture-influenced architecture, and the adaptation of concepts and theories to the realities on the ground. As a result, by presenting the common identifiers of landscapes influenced by the culture of both countries, it has been stated that the architectural landscape of Iran and Oman have a very close identity and it is possible for the two countries to form a cross-cultural framework. Finally, to achieve the aims of the research, recommendations have included exploiting common cultural values, using mechanisms that have been influenced by compatible cultures to shape the architectural landscape, using architectural and landscape shaping mechanisms influenced by the aligned culture, referring to the common symbols and models of both cultures by relying on religious structures and beliefs and avoiding emphasis on anti-value structures.

The spread of the COVID-19 threatens the citizens health, especially the elderly, in community spaces. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of the pandemic on the presence of vulnerable groups such as the elderly in community spaces, with the aim of providing lessons in order to be prepared for the post-Corona architecture and healthy environment.

The research method is "meta-analysis" of the documents and scientific reports development regarding the impacts of pandemic on architecture and planning. The research which was carried out with a comprehensive method and a designerly approach. The theoretical framework of the research is a synthesis of the highperformance architecture theory and theory of healthy environment. The methodology analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of urban community spaces in critical paradigm.

Studies show that after the spread of Corona virus and pandemic of COVID-19, the presence of the elderly and other vulnerable groups in urban spaces became less than before. As a result, urban spaces have moved towards polarization, which endangered the value and the quality urban spaces.

The outcomes of the study show that collective open spaces should be planned and designed based on an integrated approach to theories such as "healthy environment" and "healthy city" in order to allow the presence of vulnerable groups, especially the elderly in order to increase the quality of the urban environment. The performance-based design should span from visual-thermal comfort to pollution dispersion and healthy corridor design.

Power plants are one of the most important sources of heat islands. Increasing energy consumption, change of thermal factors and creation of microclimates, affect the conditions of people's presence in open spaces and the use of these spaces greatly depends on a person's thermal perception of the environment. Therefore, the importance that is felt in establishing comfort in open spaces of industrial and power plant environments, is for a longer and better quality presence of employees in this category of spaces. The study of the thermal performance of open spaces in different applications has been evaluated in relation to their micro-climatic behavior, but such a study is not available with the aim of correct and principled design of outdoor power plants. Therefore, the present study has tried to study and recognize the structural features of the outdoor space of Neishabour Combined Cycle Power Plant, using ENVI-met 4 software to simulate and measure the microclimate conditions of the plant and changes in climatic parameters including air temperature, Evaluate relative humidity, wind speed, average radiant temperature and PET climate index on the hottest (July 23) and coldest days (January 20). The results show that the thermal conditions of the power plant are out of the range of thermal comfort in summer and winter and during office hours; Based on the proposed designs, it was found that by reducing the density of vegetation in the direction of the prevailing wind, the humidity in the center of the site can be increased and by planting deciduous trees and with a cross pattern in the direction of cold winter winds, comfort conditions Increase in the center of the site and the busy route of employees.

Nowadays, the entrance to Shiraz from Isfahan is marked by Tang (Strait) Allah Akbar and the Qur’an Gate. Over time and different periods, numerous components have defined this natural entrance, and have been added to or reduced from this entrance, and have changed the identity of the being an entrance to this area for Shiraz. The study seeks to answer this question “which component has historically been stable in the definition of the entrance of Shiraz and has been the essential component shaping the view of the Shiraz entrance? To answer this question, according to the context of social, political, and cultural changes of each period, the study analyzes the several components that have shaped the entrance of Shiraz over a century. The study precisely scrutinizes the landscape changes that took place in this area in the five-time periods of the Buyid dynasty to Qajar, Qajar, Pahlavi I, Pahlavi II, and the Islamic Republic. The results designate that the Qur’an Gate, along with the two components of the valley and mountains around the entrance, has played an objective and subjective role in shaping the landscape and identity of Shiraz entrance in different historical periods. This stability has been changed dynamically and in line with the changes and needs of the time, but the landscape burden of these components in line with the definition of the entrance of Shiraz city has never been reduced. Nonetheless, after the Islamic Revolution, the historical and natural identity of this area as the entrance to the city of Shiraz has been disturbed. This article shows that the lack of coordination of these components with changes in time and lack of attention to the essential importance of these components in defining the entrance identity of the city has provided the grounds for elimination, destruction, or marginalization of these components and has distorted their role in defining the entrance of Shiraz.

Absence of identity, lack of attachment to a place, and ignorance of history, nature, and climate, have created diverse problems for the architecture of different regions. A practical solution to improve the architectural condition is to study the vernacular architecture and the original architectural patterns in every region. The vernacular architecture reemphasizes the valuable architectural and cultural background of that region. In addition, the recognition and introduction of architectural patterns can resolve many cultural, social, and developmental needs in that region. Some places in the geographical area of Iran, despite their rich architectural background and valuable buildings, are less known and studied. Boroujerd city in Lorestan province is one of these areas.

This study aims to identify and categorize the physical-spatial factors used in vernacular buildings of the Sufian neighborhood in Boroujerd and to evaluate their impact on vernacular buildings.

A combination of two research methods was used in two steps in this study. In the first step, the descriptive-analytical method was used to understand the physical-spatial patterns. In the second step, the TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the recognized patterns. Moreover, bibliographic research using related documents and resources, field observations, and questionnaires were used as the research tools.

This study seeks to identify the spatial-physical patterns used in vernacular housing of the Sufian neighborhood. These patterns include spatial building components, decorations, building materials, and climatic features. Finally, using a questionnaire and TOPSIS method, it is determined that the most significant physical-spatial patterns in vernacular housing of the Sufian neighborhood in Boroujerd are the building materials and construction techniques.

The result of this study is the classification of physical-spatial patterns of constructions of buildings in Boroujerd city, which include spatial constituent elements, decorations used in native buildings, building materials of different parts of the building and effects A climate is created in the emergence of indigenous buildings in the Sufi neighborhood of Boroujerd, and finally the most important patterns are identified separately using the TOPSIS method.

Problem statement:

 The oil discovery and presence of Britain under the banner of Anglo-Persian Oil Company in the processes of oil exploration and extraction in the South of Iran, especially Khuzestan, creates a colonial experience in this region. This issue has created a pattern of colonial urbanization in Iran and brought changes in economic, political, and social aspects, which can be emerged in Abadan as the center for British Petroleum Colonialism activities.

The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of colonial attitudes on the urban structures of Abadan as an example of colonial urbanization in Iran’s geographical platform.

This study is qualitative, and attempts to answer the research questions using the interpretive-historical method. The data collection method in this study was bibliographic through which written references like books, articles, and visual sources like historical images, and urbanization maps were examined and analyzed. Also, the authors used their living experience in Abadan on the other hand.

Using urban zoning principles, greenbelt in the frame of city garden principles, ordered urban blocking, and using urban squares as urban joints have been the most important measures of colonial urbanization in Abadan taken to enhance the control and supervision level on different urban sections. Also, this study showed that Abadan colonial city can be interpreted as a panoptic city on one hand, and a dual city in terms of physical, social, economic, and infrastructural aspects on the other hand.

Contemporary architecture of Islamic countries as one of the common seasons of these countries, has always felt the lack of discourse between traditional and modern approaches to creating space in the design. So todaychr('39')s architecture has always been looking for creativity in the design process to make up for this shortage. Using the digital approach to redefining the process can help. In addition to beauty, decorations in Islamic architecture are the induction of concepts such as order and existential unity that are seen in the form of geometric and abstract motifs. Also, in Islamic teachings and the Holy Quran, a concept such as unity in multiplicity has been mentioned a lot. Redefining this concept with a digital approach to Islamic architecture decorations could be a new discourse between a traditional and a modern approach. In This study examine the role of digital approach in the manifestation of Islamic architectural decoration in the design process inspired by the teachings of the Holy Quran.

The research method that used in this study is "logical reasoning", using "analytical-descriptive" approaches with a qualitative approach.

The digital approach based on Bottom to Up method and focusing on the three areas of patterning and generative pattern, algorithm-coding, and digital fabrication redefine Islamic architectural decorations by changing the basic parameters and produces new patterns.

The fields of digital approach can design and produce Islamic teachings such as unity in multiplicity with geometric mathematical foundations in Islamic architectural decoration.

With globalization and being in the direction of various intellectual currents, architectural design as an influential factor has changed in the process. The architecture of schools needs to be changed due to the changes in the educational system and the growing needs of students due to communication and the unification of intellectual currents in the world. The pervasiveness of information and communication technology has affected the educational system and the educational environment must constantly adapt to the developments and changes of today's world. Only then can it train capable and competent individuals to meet the needs of the world ahead and the future. Educational policy is constantly being programmed in response to new research on how to prepare students for a rapidly changing world. Flexibility is recognized as a result of globalization in architecture. The need for change is important in school architecture due to the diversity of users and the variety of their needs and wants. Flexible spaces have more acceptance capabilities from the general public due to their type of use. In this study, the evolution of ideas among individuals in the discussion of globalization is determined to identify the need for changes in the education system, analyze how the education system changes and the need for flexible schools, express the flexible characteristics of schools and their capabilities, and practically change the country's schools by improving educational approaches and the design of school architecture.

This research uses an analytical-applied method, assuming that flexibility can update educational approaches and, conversely, tries to find the relationship between architecture and educational approaches with flexibility. To do this, it uses library studies of books and articles.

In this regard, the criterion of open plan system, flexible learning spaces, flexible furniture, adaptablity through moving walls, and flexible public spaces are practical solutions that can cause updates in educational approaches to school.

Architecture as a guide in design can plan the design process from fertilization to birth. Therefore, the attitude towards architecture should be present at the same time going back and forth in whole and in part. School architecture is one of the effective educational parameters in modern education and just as thinkers in the study of educational issues always consider various factors such as family, teacher, educational management, etc. as effective factors in the process of learning; the architecture or physical space of the school also plays a role as a living and dynamic factor in the quality of students' educational activities. In a world of such rapid change and in a day when knowledge is a powerful tool for development and even social survival, flexibility is the common denominator between architecture and educational approaches. Architecture can use to flexibly improve the educational approaches needed in the new world. Flexibility as a solution is effective in education in two ways: updating the educational approach with the help of architecture, innovation in architectural design by new educational approaches. The learning environment influences students' creativity. The more creative the design, the more fertile the student's mind becomes, and the greater the need to raise educational levels, and this process is infinitely reproducible.

According to statistics published in the field of energy, today, buildings are known as the largest consumers of energy. Hence, the technological advances in the field of construction increasingly focus on new solutions to reduce energy consumption in the building sector. Achieving environmentally friendly solutions in order to move towards sustainable development in the field of architecture has been considered by architects and designers. Using adaptable technologies in building shells for the use of renewable energy is an important solution. As one of the most important sources of renewable energy, the sun has a small share in producing clean energy in the building section so far. But in recent decades, scientists and designers have increasingly focused on this clean source of energy. One of the new ways to benefit from solar energy is the use of photovoltaic panels. Shells consisting of photovoltaic panels that generate electricity from sunlight are recognized as an essential solution to reduce the use of fossil fuels. The use of low-cost and effective techniques in the field of architecture has contributed significantly to the improvement of the construction process.

This study aims to investigate the effect of using folding techniques to choose the best angle of position for photovoltaic panels used on building facades to increase the solar radiation by using parametric (Grasshopper) and energy (Ladybug) simulation software. After a general analysis of different types of origami methods and the cases used in the construction industry, and the natural forms, four patterns were selected as the basic modules for further study and modeling by the Ladybug plugin in Grasshopper software. Based on the defined and conventional criteria (constructability, without shading, setting toward the sun), these samples could be used on vertical facades of buildings. The base module that can be placed on the vertical facade was modeled, and an extra module was defined based on the literature review on the optimal angle in Tehran latitude to maximize the received solar energy.

A total of 6 final samples were prepared to be simulated. The simulated modules were optimized based on a genetic algorithm using the Galapagos plugin to find the optimal position for receiving maximum solar radiation. This optimization was actually done based on the form parameters to find the most optimal form (a combination of angle and slope). This study seeks to answer the research questions: How can the solar radiation received in photovoltaic panels be increased by using geometric patterns based on the origami technique? In other words, how can the solar radiation be increased by changing the geometric arrangement of the photovoltaic panels according to the daily and annual solar movement patterns? The present study showed that the efficiency of photovoltaic panels is not improved only by using expensive technologies and solar trackers. The factor of change in solar radiation, which is the most important factor in receiving solar radiation during short and long periods of time, can be adjusted by accessible techniques such as the origami technique. In other words, by changing the angle of photovoltaic panels using computer technologies based on the solar movement, more solar energy can be received from radiation. This study shows that changing the arrangement of different photovoltaic panels using the origami technique compared to the base module on the southern facade can increase the received solar energy. The change of forms can increase the produced electrical energy from 3.44 and 11.39%.

According to this research, V-shaped (zigzag) modules can absorb more solar radiation due to the larger photovoltaic panels area. Although the amount of solar radiation per unit area decreases, their use is logically justified when the available surface area is limited. Also, the use of modules made with the help of the Miura origami method showed that it is possible to receive more solar radiation to some extent without using solar trackers or moving views at an economical cost because the different sides of these patterns are more able to absorb radiation over a long period of time (due to the variable daily and seasonal solar movement patterns).

The principle of flexibility, as an environmental capability of meeting various uses compatible with people’s various goals, is one of the significant approaches to housing architecture. In Western architecture, this issue has been widely raised with an organized structure after World War I, while in Iranian architecture, it is inherently evident in traditional housing. Unfortunately, due to lack of sufficient knowledge of this principle and the reasons for its use in traditional housing, flexibility has become known as a modern western innovation by people, with the phenomenon of globalization, its western appearance has entered the contemporary architecture of Iran, and even changed the lifestyle of the Iranian people. The present study is descriptive-analytic research in which the factors forming a flexible housing, flexibility typology, and constructive elements of the western and Iranian flexible residential architectures are studied comparatively. The results show that flexibility in Iranian traditional house has originality based on needs, abilities, and knowledge raised at that time and is fully in line with the standards set at modern times and claimed by western architecture. The most important difference between the two is the issue of privacy, which has been ignored in the use of Western design structures in the Iranian context, leading to the change of Iranian lifestyle. By understanding this issue, this social dimension of housing (i.e. privacy) can be considered in the flexibility issue to see the richness of this concept in Iranian architecture

 Decorative and geometrical experiences are an integral part of Iranian art and traditional architecture in the Islamic era, which has provoked the acclaim of many pundits in this area. One of the challenges of contemporary Islamic architecture is the lack of discourse between traditional and modern approaches to create geometry and new forms.

The purpose of this study will be to produce 3D geometric decoration based on the principles of Gestalt aesthetics so that these forms will be shaped by sound frequencies resulting from the reading of the Quran at the different tunes.

To achieve the desired goals through library and field studies, firstly, recognition and classification of the Quran tunes, then examining the relationship between parametric architecture and music, has been used to analyze them from descriptive-analytical research methods. then, the modeling methods and pattern deformation based on the principles of Gestalt aesthetics have been studied. finally, three-dimensional geometric patterns are mapped into a computer simulation method with Rhino software and Grasshopper plugin based on audio input from the Quran.The result of this study indicated that the mathematical relationship between parametric architecture and Iranian music can be used to create unique –dimensional shells, coordinate with valuable features of context-based architecture.

Mathematical language can be used as a link between parametric architecture and musical tunes used in the reading of the Quran. Also, 3D shells which are produced with the Islamic architecture approach can play an applied role in the beautification of the urban highways.

The hazards and damages of Floods have shown the importance of reclamation and reorganization of river valleys and urban watercourses of Tehran, and have been the major title of Tehran urban management plans in the past few years. The main goals of these plans are to guide and transfer surface waters and contingent flood to the river valleys and watercourses. Therefore, formulating principles and design criteria, and providing the practical ways in the reclamation and reorganization of river valleys are the necessary subjects of studies, with the aim to control the floods and reducing detrimental effects of flood waters. The aim of this research is to identify and evaluate the strategies for mitigation of flood risk in a part of Kan river-valley after building Javanmardan-e Iran Park. Also, the causes of recent floods in this area, and lack of efficiency of this river valley in water flow reducing are discussed. At the end, some architectural solutions are suggested. The research method is descriptive-analytical and application of SWOT model. Collected data is derived from documentary resources, case study and observations field. The results of present research indicate that controlling the flood have been less noticed in organization of Kan River Valley in Javanmardan-e Iran Park; and design principles and improvement strategies of this area should be considered for prevention and reduction of future flood risks and damages.

Human life, since early era, has been associated with religious beliefs and convictions and these beliefs and convictions have always influenced human lifestyle and physical space formation. Existing documents, drawings depicted on the caves walls and construction of primitive accommodations indicate direct relationships between human beliefs and their lifestyle, and shape and form of their accommodations. There is limited evidence on Arabs’ invasion to Iran that happened in order to expansion of the religion of Islam in early first-century (ah). However, there are documents showing that they entered from South-West of the country with the aim of decolonization and presenting the Islamic religion and beliefs to Iranians who were mostly Zoroastrian in that time. Giving this assumption, Arabs’ invasion to Iran and bringing the Islam religion to this country has had impacts on life, customs, faith, traditions and culture, and also on architecture, particularly construction of Iranian religious buildings. In general, different religions have influenced culture, people’s lifestyle, and particularly architecture of countries. In this regards, evolvement of identity, form and shape of synagogues, churches, Buddhist temples are considerable. Apart from climatic and regional impacts and also traditions in constructing buildings, evolvement in architecture in different areas have been influenced by people’s religions in different countries.This article aims to use textual and visual documents and to apply a desk study, to investigate this issue, with the hope of providing and studying relevant case studies and summarizing and concluding the influence of religion on the architecture of the country.

The Late Sayyid Ali Qadi Tabatabaii is a 14th century mystic whose mystical school came from Najaf. There is a disagreement over what mystic Qadi’s way of mysticism comes from; nonetheless, the more correct idea is that he received his way from his master Sayyid Ahmad Karbalaii who took it from Mulla Husain Quli Hamadani who from Yayyid Ali Shushtari who from an unknown mystic named Mulla Quli Joala Qazvini. Sayyid Ali Qadi himself has purportedly said that he did not belong to any particular chain of mystics. The question studied here is the theoretical characteristics of the school of this great mystic, his particular style of wayfaring, innovations and role in Shite mysticism in recent years. Referring to his pupils and what is left from him, the author aims to prove that this great mystic has his own particular school in Divine Unity, guardianship and especially style of wayfaring. His legacy helped not only to protect mysticism in the Shiite world in general and in the Shiite seminaries in particular from regression and fall had already begun since 9th century, but also to promote it to its lofty and ideal status.

Pure life is gained in different stages of life and it is originated from levels of human spirit.
A believer in his supreme travel and spiritual elevation that is a renaissance after another birth, under God grace, takes a kind of heart which pure life is the result of it. If pure life is a new life and better than a normal one and it is the origin of so valuable effects for a believer, actually a believer has gained a new level of soul that in its light, this life and its effects are appeared.
Of course this high level of soul which has been a special potentiality that now is materialized and its appearance and prosperity is due to belief and true acts. Actually stages and factors of reaching pure life from Allameh Tabatabaee’s point of view are the main pivot of research and discussion in this article.
This article is done descriptively-analytically, using Allameh’s works and emphasizing on precious Almizan interpretation.
To this end, the reality of the stages and factors of reaching pure life from Allameh’s point of view and also obstacles of reaching It have beeb scrutinized. By these investigations it is clarified that the reality of pure life from Allameh’s point of view is not the perfection of this existent life but it is bestowing a new life. Actually it is the appearance of a new and higher life than that of normal and superficial. It is a kind of life full of light. He thinks this life is vivifying something and bestowing life to that. From the ways of reaching this spiritual life, we can name belief, true act, patience, relying on God, and flourishing wisdom all of which are under divine management and can be reached if we get close to God

Landscape is a phenomenon that enters scientific and professional gamut in recent decade seriously, and because of its novel emersion, there are loads of challenges and questions about its definition. . By hearing the name of" Landscape" at the first time, it likely bears in mind the concept of green space and its definite presence in public memories.The other controversial issue in this field is extent of relationship and association of Landscape with environment and nature.
In this paper we try to answer some of these ambiguities to be clarified the public image and even both architecture and urbanism specialists that is not mostly comprehensive image of it
Although designing and creating gardens and parks existing in Landscape Architecture projects, but in fact Landscape Architecture not only does not limited into it but also includes deeper and broader scale concepts. Nature and environment also plays an important role in terms of Landscape. When people can understand environment then it can contains Landscape. Thus, there is some differences in understanding Landscape proportional to the individual recognition. In the other hand, developing of the built environment and expanding professional knowledge, overlapping spheres of activity, confusing of some issues between "Landscape Architecture" and "Urban Design" create some obscurity in constructing the built and natural environment in cities; Urban Design mainly looks physically to the problems while Landscape Architecture's purpose is to humanize (subjective aspect) and organize the perimeter.
This paper presents an overview of the definitions of domain Landscape Architecture's experts and expressed the view that it is necessary and important, vital for the continuation of the Landscape Architecture is expressed. Seems to assume the perspective of the future world is familiar with human needs and desired location. The perspective of the rules (discipline) will be known, prospective move to issues of tomorrow.