ولی الله جعفری

Aquaculture aims to provide stable environmental conditions for fish to be able to grow and protect it from stress and diseases. To guarantee a sustainable yield of fish species, well-balanced diets should be considered. For this purpose, diets supplemented with feed additives have won the interest of researchers who are concerned with the aquaculture field, the most important of which is chitosan, a cationic biopolymer, derived from the alkaline deacetylation of chitin; a natural polymer found in the exoskeletons of insects, crustaceans and fungal cell walls. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using dietary chitosan in some immune indices and antioxidant defence system in Vannamei shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.

For this purpose, 180 pieces of Vannamei shrimp with an average weight of about 4 g were prepared and kept for 2 weeks to adapt to the test conditions. We prepared 4 groups, each with three repetitions, including the basal diet of zero (control), 1 g (treatment 1 = T1), 2 g (T2) and 4 g (T3) chitosan per kilogram of feed in a completely randomized design for 8 weeks. At the end of the trial, samples were randomly taken from the rearing tanks and hemolymph indices including serum biochemical, immune and antioxidant indices were measured.

According to the results, immune indices such as lysozyme and immunoglobulin increased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.05). So that in case of lysozyme, the highest amount was recorded in T2 (by adding 2 g/kg chitosan), while in immunoglobulin, the highest amount was observed in T1. Serum antioxidant activity such as superoxide dismutase (in T1 and T2) and catalase (in T1, T2 and T3) increased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.05). Also, the results of the serum biochemical analyses exhibited that only ALP enzyme recorded a significant difference (p<0.05), so that the highest value was observed in T3. According to the results, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in ALT and AST enzymes among treatments. So that the highest amounts of these two enzymes were observed in T2 and the control group, respectively.

  The results of this study indicate the positive effects of chitosan on immune indices in Vannamei shrimp. Therefore, it is possible to recommend using chitosan as a natural and immune stimulant for culture of L. vannamei.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of separate and combined application of coriander powder and Lactobacillus plantrum on growth performance, immune parameters of serum and mucus in zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this purpose, 360 pieces of zebrafish with an average weight of about 0.3 g were prepared and kept for two weeks to adapt to the experimental conditions. Feeding with 4 treatments and each treatment with three replications including control group (commercial food without additives), commercial food with 1% coriander powder, the third group fed with commercial food with 107 CFU / g Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic and the fourth group fed with Commercial food with 1% coriander powder and 107 CFU / g probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum. At the end of the course, the treatments were sampled. The results of growth indices showed no significant difference in initial weight indices and survival percentage in any of the separate treatments of powdery mildew and Lactobacillus plantarum and combined treatment (with interaction) (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in final weight treatment, weight gain and weight gain percentage in separate coriander treatment (P> 0.05) but Lactobacillus plantarum and combination treatments showed significant differences with other treatments (P≤0.05). Total serum protein content was significantly different in separate probiotic and combination treatments with other treatments (P≤0.05) the treatment containing coriander powder showed a significant difference with the control treatment (P≤0.05). Serum lysozyme levels in coriander powder treatments, Lactobacillus plantarum and combination treatment showed a significant difference compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Total serum immunoglobulin level showed a significant difference in the separate treatment of probiotics and coriander with control treatment (P≤0.05) the combined treatment showed a significant difference with other treatments (P≤0.05). The amount of total mucus protein did not show in any of the separate treatments of powdery mildew and Lactobacillus plantarum and combination treatment (with interaction) (P> 0.05). There was a significant difference in the amount of mucus lysozyme in the combined treatment with other treatments (P≤0.05), the treatment containing probiotics showed a significant difference with the control and coriander (P≤0.05). There was a significant difference in the amount of total mucus immunoglobulin in the combined treatment with other treatments (P≤0.05) the treatment containing coriander powder and separate probiotics showed a significant difference with the control treatment (P≤0.05). In general, it can be said that the use of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum and coriander powder improves the condition of Zebrafish.

The study aimed to assess the impact of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on IGF, TNF, and lysozyme gene expression in Cyprinus carpio. Fish, averaging 9.08±0.05 grams, were distributed across 12 tanks and subjected to three levels of G. glabra extract (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 %) over a 56-day feeding period. Results at the study's conclusion revealed that G. glabra extract notably enhanced growth factors, including final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR). The most significant growth was evident in fish fed 2% of the extract, displaying substantial differences compared to both the control and other treatments (P<0.05). Treatment with 2% also demonstrated the lowest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), indicating efficient feed utilization. Regarding gene expression, the study found an upregulation of the IGF gene in fish treated with 2% of G. glabra extract compared to the control group. TNF gene expression showed its highest levels in fish fed 0.55 of the extract, while lysozyme gene expression exhibited notable differences specifically in the 2% treatment. Overall, the findings suggest that G. glabra extract positively influences growth by enhancing IGF gene expression and supporting the immune system in C. carpio.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of different postbiotic levels on growth indicators, feed consumption and antioxidant defense system in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). For this purpose, rainbow trout fry (2-3 grams) were fed with experimental diets containing different levels (zero (control), 2, 4 and 8 grams per kilogram) of postbiotics for 8 weeks. At the end of the period, the growth indices and serum antioxidant defense system values were measured. Growth indices (average weight, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, survival rate) were not significantly different between fish fed with postbiotic based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast compared to the control group, although the increase in growth compared to the group The witness was observed. The highest numerical value of growth was obtained in fry fed with 8 grams of postbiotic per kilogram. Also, improvement of food conversion ratio was observed in fry fed with postbiotics. Although statistically, this decrease in food conversion coefficient was not significant. In all antioxidant factors, a significant difference was observed between the control group and the 8 g/kg treatment group. A significant difference was observed in the amount of catalase enzyme between the control group and the treatment group of 2 grams and 8 grams per kilogram. Also, similar results were observed regarding the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme, so that a significant difference was observed between the control group and the 8 gram treatment group. Regarding the glutathione peroxidase enzyme, a significant difference was observed only between the control group and the 8g/kg treatment, and the highest amount of this enzyme was observed in the 8g/kg treatment. According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the use of postbiotics based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in the diet of rainbow trout can be recommended to improve the growth indicators and also increase the capacity of the antioxidant defense system in rainbow trout.

Considering the effect of plant immunostimulants on non-specific immune response in aquatic animals, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of goldfish (Carasius auratus) diet with (Utrica dioica) hydroalcohalic extract on mucosal immune response (total immunoglobin, lysozyme and protease) as well as immune related (TNF-alfa) gene expression. For this purpose, 180 fish with an average weight of 0.192 ± 0.014 were randomly divided in 6 aquaria (two replicate) and fed with this extract on three levels: 0, 2 and 4 gr/kg. Evaluation of mucosal immune parameters revealed that supplementation of diet with Utrica dioica significantly elevated lyzozyme and protease activity in fish fed 4 gr/kg compared to control and 2 gr/kg (p<0.05). Total immunogloubin didn’t show significant difference in fish fed supplemented diet compared to control (p>0.05). Molecular studies on immune gene (TNF-alfa) gene expression revealed significant increase in Achilleamille folium fed diet (p<0.05). Results showed immunomodulatory effects of dietary Utrica dioica extract on skin mocus as well as expression of inflammatory cytokine in gold fish.

The present study was focused on the potential of citrus peel as a source of pectin. Pectin is a prebiotic was extracted from Orange peel. in that case, pectin used in shrimp feed to investigate the growth performance and  digestive enzyme activity in litopenaeus vannamei. to do this purpose, six hundred juvenile shrimp with 3 gram mean weight purchased and two month feeding trial was performed using different levels of pectin (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 %). The result showed highest growth performance were observed in shrimp fed diet containing 1% pectin compared other treatments  (P<0.05). digestive enzyme activity studies showed significant increase of amylase, protease and  lipase levels in all treatments containing pectin(P<0.05). The results indicated the role of pectin as a natural prebiotic in stimulating growth and antioxidant defense, improving digestive status.

Increasing the growth and immune system of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) which is a valuable species is an important aim for aquaculture so The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pectin and L. plantarum on growth performance and growth genes of juvenile beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). Triplicate groups of beluga juveniles each (15 ± 3 g) were placed in 9 oval tanks (400) and fed with the 107 cfu g-1, 108 cfu g-1, pectin (1%), pectin (2%), 107 cfu g-1 and 1% pectin, 107 cfu g-1 and 2% pectin, 108 cfu g-1 and 1% pectin, 108 cfu g-1 and 2% pectin and control group. The trial lasted 8 weeks. At the end of experiment biometery was done and brain and liver tissue were separataed. Results showed that although pectin and L. plantarum could enhance growth factors separately,the highest FW, GW and SGR was observed in fish fed 108 cfu g-1 and 2% pectin which had significant differences with others treatments and control (P<0.05). Also the highest genes expression was in this treatment and the lowest in control. In general, pectin and L. plantarum could significantly affect growth performance in juvenile blugae

The alpha-17-methyltestosterone is one of the androgens hormone involved in the sexual cycle and is used to increase growth and change sexual secondary charactristics. The aim of this study was to induction of masculinization in Xiphophorus helleri. in this experiment, fish in experimental groups including: Control group, 17 alpha-methyl testosterone with 3 levels (400, 300 and 500 mg/kg diet), aromasin with levels (45, 30 and 60 mg/kg diet) and green light radiation (12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness) each with 3 repetitions for 45 days. Results showed that in group with 45 mg aromasin /kg diet (79.9%) higher percentage of masculinization were observed. The percentage of masculinization in females treated in treatment green light was significantly higher than other treatmens. Also, The percentage of survival in the green light group and aromasin was higher than 17 alpha-methyl testosterone group. In general, according to the results of masculinization, the percentage of masculinization in females treated with 45 mg aromasin/kg diet and green light treatment were recognized as the highest results, respectively. Overall, the results showed that in order to induction of masculinization in swordfish, Aromasin could be a suitable alternative to methyltestosterone.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic on estradiol hormone and gonad tissue in zebrafish (Danio rerio). So, six hundred healthy zebrafish (0.15+0.01 gr) were randomly distributed in 12 glass aquariums and fed experimental diets contain different levels of L. plantarum (0%, 105, 106 and 107CFU/gr ) for 3 months . After this period and sex determination, males were seprated and females fed probiotic for 1 month more. At the end of the experiment, the whole body of the fish was used to measure the hormone, the amount of esteroid hormone was measured by RIA method. Also of the histological point of view were studied by light microscope. The results of this study showed an increase in the amount of estradiol hormone during vitellogenesis in fish fed 106 CFU/gr L. plantarum which had a significant difference with other treatments (P <0.05). However, 107 CFU/g fed L. plantarum treatment had a decreasing trend. In tissue sections, the most of the eggs in control were clearly in the second and third stages of sexual maturation while in the 106 CFU/gr fed treatment, most of the eggs were in the third and fourth stages and even at the end of the fourth stage of maturation.These stages were more common than treatments fed 105 CFU/g and 107 CFU/g L. plantarum. The results of the present study indicated that the use of probiotics L. pentarum in the effective amounts can be considered as a new strategy to improve reproductive performance.

Proper nutrition is one of the most important pillars of success in the aquaculture industry, which accounts for about 50% of costs and on the other hand ensures survival, proper growth and aquatic health. The aquaculture industry always has stressors such as high density, transportation, manipulation and changes in water quality that have an adverse effect on fish health and growth. In fish, stressors initiate hormonal cascades along the hypothalamic-pituitary-internal (HPI) and hypothalamic-sympathetic-chromaffin (HSC) axes to trigger several physiological reactions to regulate and maintain homeostasis and adversely affect various fish physiological processes such as Grows growth, reproduction and immunity. In fish farming, several ways are used to prevent the negative effects of stress and achieve maximum animal health without affecting production performance, and the use of new feeding strategies is an easy and practical way to improve the health of fish. Changes in the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet, the use of vitamins, especially ascorbic acid, new substances in biotechnology such as probiotics, nucleotides and polysaccharides have been studied. Fatty acids, probiotics and minerals. Immunosuppressants are prescribed as food additives, which usually increase innate (non-specific) defense mechanisms and resistance to certain pathogens, and increase inhibition of stress-induced immune suppression. In this review, different physiological responses were assessed among fish species fed stress-reducing diets.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pectin extracted from orange peel as a natural prebiotic on hemolymph markers, nonspecific immune markers, antioxidant defense system, and digestive function of Llitopenaeus vannamei. the group fed with 1.5% pectin level (P <0.05). However, it had no significant effect on shrimp survival and lysozyme content, total protein and glucose (P >0.05). Antioxidant enzymes in the present study showed an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in 0.5 and 1.5% pectin treatments. Statistically, the activity of this enzyme in treatment with 1% pectin and control treatment was not significantly different (P >0.05). The highest phenol oxidase activity was in the group fed with 1% pectin. However, the activity of this enzyme in the two treatments of 0.5 and 1.5% were not significantly different from the control group (P >0.05). The results showed that pectin as a natural probiotic is effective in stimulating antioxidant defense, and improving the immune system.

In order to survey the effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract on the common carp , 180 fish with the average weight of 10.84±0.063 were randomly divided into four groups (with Thyme extract added in 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 % to the fish diet) in three replicates (each with 15 fish) for 70 days. At the end of this period, 30 fish from each group were exposed to the seawater with 13 and 14 ppt for 12 hours to survey biochemical parameters and survival rate and resistance, respectively. In this regard, blood samples were collected before salinity stress and 6, 24, 72 and 168 hours after salinity stress. Our results showed that added Thyme supplement into the food has no effect on fish resistance during the experimental period (P>0.05). Cortisol, glucose, total protein, albumin showed no significant differences between treatments before salinity stress (P> 0.05). However, increasing salinity increased cortisol and glucose significantly in all treatments compared to pre-salinity stress (P <0.05). Albumin and total protein did not show any significant difference in any treatments (P >0.05). Based on the results of the present study, adding thyme extract at 0.5, 1 and 2% into the diet did not have any effect on fish resistance and blood biochemical parameters of the common carp exposed to the salinity stress.

The use of free amino acids in fish diets typically results in a change in dietary behavior and more feed intake. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different levels of amino acids L-Proline and L-Alanine on common carp. For this purpose, 450 number of juvenile common carp with an average weight of 14±0.2 g were randomly distributed in 30 tanks 300 liter equipped with aeration system. Fish for 60 day were fed with 10 treatments dietary includes three levels of proline (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %), three levels of alanine (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %), three levels of proline-alanine combination (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %) and basal diet (control). Blood samples were taken at the end of the period. At the end of the period, the treatments were exposed to 15 ppt salinity at the end of the period to evaluate the resistance of the fish to salinity stress. The highest amount of erythrocytes was observed in the combination treatment 0.75 + 0.75 proline-alanine, but there was no significant difference with other combination treatments and 1.5% alanine treatment but with other treatments, especially the control treatment showed a significant difference. White blood cell count was the highest in the combination and control treatments, which was significantly different from the other treatments. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, lysozyme, immunoglobulin, total protein and liver enzymes (ALP, AST and ALT) were not significantly different among all treatments. MCH was highest in 1% proline treatment which had significant difference with combination treatment 0.75 + 0.75 + proline-alanine but did not show any significant difference with other treatments. MCV value in combination treatment 0.75 + 0.75 + proline-alanine was significantly different from other treatments. Also, MCHC values ​​were not significantly different among all treatments. The highest amount of lymphocytes was observed in the combination treatment 0.5 + 0.5 and 0.75 + 0.75 + proline-alanine which was significantly different from other treatments, especially control treatment. The highest amount of neutrophils was observed in 1% proline treatment and the lowest value was in combination treatments (without significant difference) which were significantly different from other treatments. There was also a significant difference in the amount of monocytes and eosinophil between treatments. The highest survival rates were 58.60 ± 1.46 and 53.84 ± 4.41 in combination treatment 0.75 + 0.75 and 0.5 + 0.5 proline-alanine, respectively. Finally, it can be said that there is a significant difference in some of the results, it seems that the two amino acids L-proline and L-alanine at the combined level of 0.5 + 0.5% can be effective in improving hematological and survival parameters in juvenile cyprinus carpio.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Guava (Psidium guajava) leaves powder (GLP) on growth parameters, feed utilization as well as some serum parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Common carp fingerlings (18.88±0.27 g) were supplied and stocked in twelve fiberglass tanks at density of 14 fish per tank. Fish were fed experimental diets contains 0 (control), 2.5, 5 and 10 g per kg GLP (4 treatments with 3 replicates). At the end of feeding trial growth parameters and feed utilization (final weight, SGR and FSR) as well as some serum parameters (Serum total protein, total Immunoglobulin and alkaline phosphatase activity) were measured. The results revealed that GPL treatments significantly increased growth parameters, weight gain and decrease feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The best growth performance was observed in 2.5 g kg-1 GPL treatment. Regardless of inclusion level, supplementation of common carp diet with GPL increased serum total protein. Evaluation of serum total Ig and ALP activity revealed remarkable increase in 2.5 g kg-1 GPL treatments compared other groups (P<0.05). According to these results it can be concluded that GPL can be considered as beneficial feed additive for improving growth performance and immune status of common carp fingerlings. However, determination of the optimum inclusion levels merit further researches.

Due to the high stability properties of estrogenic compounds, most of them accumulate in aquatic organisms. This feature can directly or indirectly affect the growth rate of aquatic animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible effects of 17-alpha-Ethinyl estradiol on growth indices and blood parameters in freshwater Angelfish. According to this, accidentally 63 specimen’s angel fish with a mean weight 4.31± 0.46 divided equally to 3 groups in three replicates. EE2 not used in the control group, while for second and third groups the amount 2.5 and 5 µgkg-1 used respectively that in which combined the ethanol evaporation method. The angelfishes feed two times a day to the fullest extent. In this experiment, significant increasing (p < 0.05) observed to the specific growth rate (SGR) (0.22 % per day) and condition factor (1.76) in second group angelfishes than other groups. Also, significant variations (p < 0.05) performed to hematological indices in angelfishes that feed to different levels of EE2. This variations was increasingly the amounts that red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), blood hemoglobin level, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in second and third groups than control group, respectively. Evaluate of results in this study shows that limit using of EE2 hormone can result in growth increasing in angelfishes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on taste feeding behavior of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) juveniles, including taste palatability index, fishing efficiency and the number of consumed pellets, to some amino acids. Taste Feeding behavior was investigated following exposure to 0.01, 0.005 and 0.001 mg L-1 AgNPs for 21 (each group with 3 replicates and each replicate with 7 fishes). Then, the feeding behavior of fishes was investigated by using of experimental pellets containing chromium oxide 0.3%, agar 2% and amino acids in question (Serine, Arginine, Cysteine, Tyrosine, Glutamic Acid, and Aspartic Acid).  The results showed that the taste palatability index was negative for all amino acids and pellets containing the Chironomidae larvae extract in concentrations of 0.01, 0.005 mg L-1 AgNPs. Also, the number of consumed pellets was significantly lower than the control for all amino acids (pFurthermore, AgNPs at all concentrations significantly reduced the fishing efficiency in amino acids of Arginine, Cysteine and Tyrosine. Considering that in this study the lowest Concentration of AgNPs also had a negative effect on taste feeding behavior of Persian sturgeon, therefore, it is recommended that the amount of AgNPs is less than 0.001 mg L-1 before release to aquatic environments.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Zingiber officinale extract (ZE) on digestive enzyme activity (chymotrypsin, trypsin, protease, amylase, and lipase) and some biochemical parameters (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLU) and lysozyme) of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. A total of 600 post larvae shrimps (initial weight, 1.06±0.7 g) were randomly distributed into 12 fiberglass tanks representing four treatments at a rate of 50 shrimp in each tank. The control shrimp group (ZE0) was fed a ZE free basal diet. Other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5 (ZE 0.5), 1.0 (ZE1) and 1.5 (ZE 1.5) g kg-1 diet. Results revealed that activity of protease, amylase, and lipase and value of TP, ALB and GLU of the shrimp have significantly increased (p<0.05) in the ZE0.5 and ZE1groups compared with the ZE1.5 group and control group. The highest amylase (1.35± 0.5 U mg -1protein) and lipase (0.09±0 U mg-1protein) activity was observed in the ZE1 group. It can be concluded that use of Z. officinale ZE0.5 and ZE1 kg-1diets could suggest for increasing digestive enzyme activity and some biochemical parameters of L. vannamei.

Starvation periods of fish in during the developmental stages on growth indices and blood factors can be affected. The effects of compensatory growth on growth indices and physiological responses (glucose, total protein and cholesterol), study for 8 week investigated in Juveniles of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish were divided in 4 experimental groups with initial weight (13/88±0/88 gr) in triplicate that included: 0 (T1) 2 days (T2), 4 days (T3) and a week (T4) starvation and refeeding periods each with 3 replicates were suffered. At the end of testing blood samples for biochemical analysis of each of the treatments used and metabolites were measured by spectrophotometry methode. Results showed growth indices including the final weight, growth rate, specific growth rate and body weight gain in the control and treatment 2 days a week of starvation were significantly different (p<0.05) but between treatments 1 day starvation and control there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The condition factor and feed conversion ratio in all treatments no significant difference (p>0.05). glucose levels between treatment starvation and control groups showed significant differences (p<0.05) but the total protein and cholesterol were not significantly different between control and starved treatments (p>0.05). The results suggest that commomcarp has the physiologic adjustment ability to short-term starvation and re-feeding period.

Olfaction is one of the fundamental senses to detect odors from long distances in sturgeons, and it plays an important role in feeding behavior and orientation fish. This sense can be a reliable criteria to investigate the effect of pollutants on aquatic organisms. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate effects of silver nanoparticles on olfactory feeding behavior of Persian sturgeon. This behavior was investigated following exposure to 0.01, 0.005 and 0.001 mg L-1 AgNPs for 7 days (each group with 3 replicates) and 6 amino acids were used to evaluate the olfactory behavior. During the course of the experiment, solution containing amino acids was introduced into the aquarium for 3 min. Then the number of fish and their behavior was counted every30 sec after the start of each trial. The results showed that the concentration of 0.01 mg L-1 AgNPs significantly reduced the olfactory attractiveness of alanine, glycine and leucine amino acids. Also, olfactory behavior responses were significantly reduced only at a concentration of 0.01 mg / L. but responses to the repellant amino acids (tyrosine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid) were not significantly different in none of the concentrations of silver nanoparticles.

Arginine is one of the amino acids that its impact on improving the growth and immune system of human and many animals always been one of interest of researchers. In this study, the effect of this amino acid on growth indices and resistance against salinity tension on common carp fish has been investigated. For this purpose, four treatments (each treatment with three replicates) were made from common carp and fed with dietary foods containing arginine 0, 1.5, 2 and 2.5% for 60 days. During this period, the fishes three times were biometrics. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18 and Excel and the comparing the mean of treatments in a completely randomized design have been performed analysis with Duncan test and one way ANOVA and existent or lack significant difference were performed in 5% of the level Probability (P<0.05). Regarding to the results obtain from arginine acid on food conversion rate (FCR), body weight gain and percentage of body weight gain of carp, it had significant impact (P <0.05), however, increasing body weight gain and decreasing FCR were observed in treatment groups (P<0.05), however condition factor (CF), growth specific rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR), did not showed any significant difference (P>0.05). Therefore, according to the present results, applying of salinity stress on different treatments showed that the presence of arginine in the feed of carp fish may have a significant effect on their resistance and survival, so that for feed treatments with 1.5% and 2% of arginine within 72 hours did not show any casualties, therefore. Hence, according to the present results, use of 2% L-Arginine to increase weight of carp, recommended.

In order to survey on effects of  dietary Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract on common carp 180 Fish with average weight of 10.84±0.063 were divided into four groups  with three replicates (each replicate with 15 fihs), and fed with different levels of dietary Thyme extract including 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 % for 70 days. At the end of rearing period 30 fish from each group were exposed to 13 ppt sea salt for 12 hours and were studied for hematological parameters. In this regard, sampling were done in times of  before salinity stress and 6, 24, 72 hours post salinity stress from caudal peduncles.  In this study supplementary thyme extract in food has no effects on growth performance after rearing period (P>0.05). in hematological study, after salinity stress hematocrit levels in treatments 0.5 % was increased compared to control group (p<0.05). And so hematocrit value in fish of treatments 1% and 2% groups were calculated significantly higher compare with control,  72 h post salinity stress (p<0.05). Hemoglobin levels just in the treatment groups were significantly increased after salinity stress  (p<0.05).The white blood cells (WBC)  and red blood cell (RBC)counts and so hematological indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC value) had no significant difference among all studied fish (P>0.05). Totally in this study supplementary 0.5, 1 and 2 % dietary thyme extract has no effect on growth performances and hematological parameters in common carp in salinity stress situation.

The difference between the interpretative foundations in the verses of al-Ahkam has been the source of jurisprudential disputes. The literary foundations are around that letter. However, there is a need for further research in order to gain a clearer understanding of God and proper jurisprudential inference. This article deals with the comparative study of the meaning of "Eli" in the verse 6 of Surah Mubarak by analytical-critical method. Among the true and virtual meanings given to the word "Eli", the true meaning of "Eli" is "the end". The rest of the meanings like "Eli" meaning "Mo", "Explanation", "Fi", "Lam", "I", "Anand", "Ba" and the meaning of Emphasis are all virtual in their true meaning. Have been used. Farragin's commentators have considered the use of "Eli" in this verse to mean "Ma", "I", "Hadd" and "the end of the end". Literally the end of the sentence has been used and it is tempting to use the word iodine to determine the extent of hand washing. "Eli al-Mrafaq" is the subject of "Idicom". Given the necessity, lack of eloquence, lack of verse in terms of expressing the quality of the bath, abundant news and narrations, it is "Eli" to express the end of the brain rather than the bath, which is due to the iodine given to wash hands in ablution. And for reasons such as tradition, reason, consensus and custom, the quality of handwashing in the ablution of the elbows to the fingers is proven.

The aim of this study was evaluate the behavioral responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to changes in temperature and ammonia. For this purpose were placed separately 8 rainbow trout (average weight of 6±2g, length 5±2 cm) in the treatment and control groups with four replicates in five-liter tanks (cross-sections 7 cm, height 4 cm) Each the tanks have a water inlet and outlet. The testing process was divided into three periods the first period was the increase in temperature and ammonia in treatment (first period). Second period includes a fixed value of temperature and ammonia at the highest level of interest in the treatments (middle period). The third period (period end) involves reducing the temperature and ammonia to the initial value at the start of the experiment. Swimming pattern includes six characteristic average swimming speeds, total movement, move summarily, percent move, the average angular change in movement, average distance from center. Results showed that there was a significant difference between pattern of fish swimming in temperature and ammonia treatment compared with the control group (p<0/05). Also, there was a significant difference between treatment swimming patterns, in test first periods compared to the test end periods (p<0/05). The results of this study showed that the pattern of fish swimming in the face of environmental stresses will not only changed, but also has certain patterns. However, this study showed that more reviews behavioral patterns of fish, the effectiveness for monitoring environmental stresses.