کامبیز کریمی

Most people believe that marriage is the most individualized event that one experiences in their lifetime, holding special importance as it seems to fulfill the needs of two individuals. As a marital and family union, marriage provides an opportunity for social support. On the other hand, marital satisfaction and compatibility are crucial for the continuation of couples’ lives and play a significant role in individuals’ overall life satisfaction. Additionally, having a feminist perspective can influence attitudes towards shared life and marriage. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between marital satisfaction, compatibility, and feminist perspectives among married women in Hamedan. The research method was descriptive, focusing on correlation. The study population consisted of married women living in Hamedan, from various ethnic backgrounds including Kurdish, Persian, Turkish, and Lur, in the year 2013. A sample of 100 women was selected using convenience sampling. The instruments used included the Marital Compatibility Scale, the Feminist Perspective Scale, and the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between marital compatibility and satisfaction. Additionally, results showed a negative and significant association between marital satisfaction and compatibility with feminist perspectives. This suggests that attention to these constructs can play a vital role in the lives of married couples.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of time out, cognitive regeneration, and cognitive diffusion techniques in children's self-control. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a multi-group post-test design with a control group. The population consisted of all elementary students of Hamadan city in the academic year 2017-2018. The sample consisted of 60 children who were selected by multistage cluster random sampling and were randomly assigned to four experimental and control groups. The data collection instrument was the amount of time spent not eating sweets up to 10 minutes. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between groups (p < 0.01). Post hoc test results showed that time out and cognitive restructuring techniques had a significant effect on increasing self-control scores of the participants (ρ < 0.01). But the impact of cognitive diffusion on self-control was not significant (ρ = 0.08). Also, time out could increase self-control more than cognitive restructuring in the participants. According to the results, cognitive deprivation and time out techniques can be used to increase the level of self-control in children.

Well-being is one of the structures that is seriously considered in positive psychology and sensitive to the environmental aesthetic whose apprehension could affect people's health and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between aesthetic intelligence and psychological well-being by mediating aesthetic sensitivity. The research method applied is correlational using a structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all students in Bu-Ali Sina University in the academic year of 2018-2019, and based on the suggested size for structural equation modeling, 384 students were selected through cluster sampling. The instruments used in this study were Ryff Well-being Scale (2002), Rashid et. al (2017) Aesthetic Intelligence Scale and Abdolmaleki (2013) Aesthetic Sensitivity Scale. The results of structural equations showed that aesthetic intelligence and aesthetic sensitivity had a significant direct effect on psychological well-being. Aesthetic intelligence also had a direct significant effect on aesthetic sensitivity. The results of indirect relationships showed that aesthetic intelligence by mediating aesthetic sensitivity had a significant effect on psychological well-being. Based on the results, it can be concluded that sensitivity to beauties of the environment and their apprehension has a positive effect on people's psychological well-being. Therefore, by developing programs to educate and strengthen aesthetics in individuals, well-being can be expected to increase.

This study endeavored to predict phonological awareness based on processing speed (Reaction Time and Rapid Automatized Naming) in students with reading learning disabilities. As a descriptive-correlational study with the sample size of 56 students referred to learning disability centers in the academic year of 2019-20 who were selected by available sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. To gathering the data, the binary form of information and picture completion of Wechsler (Shahim, 1995), reading and dyslexia test (NEMA) of Karami Nouri and Moradi (2006), Wilson et al. (2015) reaction time task and Wolf and Dunkla (2005) rapid automatized naming task were used. The results showed that reaction time (p < 0.01) and rapid automatized naming (p < 0.05) can predict phonological awareness. So that the reaction time and the rapid automatized naming predict 11.5% and 5.3% of the variance of phonological awareness, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the role of processing speed in examining the phonological awareness of children with reading learning disabilities.

The spread of Covid-19 worldwide has challenged public health and has had various psychological consequences. The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Obsession with the COVID-19 scale.

As a descriptive-correlational study and to validate the Obsession with the COVID-19 scale, 392 people over 18 participated online, using the available sampling method from May to August 2020. A demographic questionnaire, Obsession with the COVID-19 Scale and Fear of Covid-19 Scale, was used to collect data. To evaluate the instrumentchr('39')s reliability, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha internal consistency method and halving in the form of SPSS 25 statistical software and to evaluate the construct validity, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis with the orthogonal rotation of Varimax type in Lisrel 8.8 software were used.

Exploratory factor analysis identified all four items as one factor. Also, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the construction. The convergent validity of the scale with fear of Covid-19 showed a correlation value of 0.25 (p<0.01). In the scalechr('39')s validity, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha value was estimated to be 0.797, and the split-half reliability coefficient was estimated to be 0.771.

Obsession with the COVID-19 Scale can be used as a suitable measurement tool in research.

Test anxiety is one of the most common types of anxieties in the learning environment that can be correlated with the psychological well-being of university students. However, the religious orientation of the individuals may have effects on this relationship. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the correlation between test anxiety and psychological well-being, emphasizing the mediating role of religious orientation.

This descriptive-correlational study was performed based on the structural equation model. The statistical population included the students in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, in the first semester of 2018. In total, 343 students were randomly selected using a cluster sampling approach. Data were collected using Spielberger’s Test Anxiety Inventory, Ryff’s scales of psychological well-being, and Allport’s Religious Orientation Scale. Following that, the data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, and the Sobel test.

The results showed that the causal relationship of test anxiety and psychological well-being with religious orientation had a good fit. Accordingly, the internal and external religious orientation had a positive and negative correlation with psychological well-being, respectively, and both dimensions of religious orientation play a mediating role in the relationship between test anxiety and psychological well-being.

Considering the negative effects of test anxiety on the psychological well-being of medical students, it can be said that religious orientation plays a key role in the moderation of this correlation.

Since nowadays study is one of the most important tools of human communication with the world around us, advanced systems not only encourage individuals to study the textbook, but also lead them to free book reading; However, a comparison of statistics of the amount of free book reading shows that the status of study in our country is lower than other developed countries. Having wrong reading habits and a lack of access to books is among the deterrents to free book reading. Therefore, the main problem of this study is whether free book reading skills affect reading habits, attitudes toward reading, and academic achievement of high school male students.

This research was carried out by using a half-experimental design consisting of a pretest-posttest on an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population included all male students studying at the Shohadaye Solan School of Hamadan city in the 2017-2018 academic year, numbering 98 students. To select the sample, from all grades, the seventh grade was selected by the purposeful sampling method. The number of students in this grade was 40 and two classes were randomly selected as the experimental and control groups. The study questionnaires included Palsani and Sharmachr('39')s (1982) study habits questionnaire with a retest reliability of 0.88 and criterion-dependent validity of 0.74 (FereidouniMoghadam and Cheraghian, 2009), and questionnaire of researcher-made attitudes toward reading with the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha of 0.83. The construct validity of the questionnaires showed the high fit of the model of the research. Academic achievement was also measured by the total grade point average of the students. The first-semester grade point average was used as a pre-test and the second-semester grade point average was used as a post-test. The free book reading skills were taught to the experimental group during 11 sessions (each one lasting 60 minutes) in eleven consecutive weeks and the control group did not receive any training. At the end of the training course, a post-test was performed in both groups. The data was analyzed by using an analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 22.

The results of analysis of covariance indicated that free study has a positive effect on the studentschr('39') reading habits (F = 7.08, P < 0.05), studentschr('39') attitudes toward reading (F = 13.61, P < 0.05) and their academic achievement (F = 10.84, P < 0.05).

Findings showed that free book reading skills had a significant effect on students chr('39')reading habits, studentschr('39') attitudes toward reading, and their academic achievement. Free book reading makes studentschr('39') minds more active by raising their level of thinking. Thus, they will be able to learn the lessons better. Based on the results of this research, the effect of training free book reading skills can be further examined by considering the educational conditions in each grade, findings can also be used in order to enrich the programs related to academic achievement in schools.

This research is intended to identify and classify the general and specific job competencies of the inspectors of government agencies. Regarding the purpose of the study, content analysis method is selected to conduct it. Semi-structured interviews are used for data collection. The statistical population of this research included all employees and managers of the Inspection Office of Hamadan Province, as well as senior managers of the Hamadan Inspection Office, and the inspectors who were missioned to the provincial departments.  The research followed a purposive sampling method resulting in the selection of 35 relevant experts who were interviewed. Job descriptions were reviewed to identify the most important information relating to job competencies of the employees. The data were analyzed through content analysis. Based on the results, the identified concepts were organized into 4 categories: general knowledge (5 classes), specific knowledge (2 classes), skills (4 classes) and personality traits (9 classes).  The first three categories were determined as general competencies and the last category as the specific competency. Hence, it is suggested that more specialized manner be fulfilled to achieve justice and progress in individuals’ selections and supervisory investigations.

The most important backbone of the employee to advance an organization's goals is the principle of humanity and the support that people have for employees. With the penetration of modernity in all areas of society, the vacuum of this principle is increasingly felt in society. People have many criteria. Therefore, the tools necessary to verify this feature must be available to those in charge. Proper customer relationship is one of the requirements of banking. The purpose of this study was to construct and standardize the People-Orientation test in Maskan Bank employees. To achieve this goal, a test with 22 items was constructed. To identify potential problems, the test was administered to a group of psychologists and specialists who, after evaluating the data, eliminated two test items. Then the test was performed experimentally on 50 subjects in the sample group and some of the items were changed. The research was a descriptive, survey study and the final subjects were 1176 employees of the Maskan Bank of Iran, 200 of whom also completed the standardized Service-Orientation Test (Rashid, 2012). Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the constructed People-Orientation test measures three factors of public responsibility, empathy, and extraversion. Reliability of the questionnaire was calculated as 0.85 by Cronbach's alpha method. Also, this test showed a high correlation with Service-Orientation Test (0.76). According to the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, it is a good tool.

One of the areas of veteranschr('39') lives that may be affected by war and its long-term consequences is psychological well-being, which demonstrates an individualchr('39')s ability to understand the purpose of life and the positive consequences of personal growth. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based treatment on the psychological well-being of chemical veterans.

In this quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group, 50 chemical warfare veterans of Kermanshah in 2017 were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research tool was Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale. Acceptance and commitment therapy training was performed in 10 sessions of 45 minutes for the experimental group. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 statistical software using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Acceptance and commitment based therapy in the experimental group improved the subscales scores of positive relationships with others, mastery of the environment, purposeful living and self-acceptance (p<0.001) and autonomy and personal growth (p<0.002).

Acceptance and commitment therapy training improves the level of psychological well-being in chemical veterans.

Expectancy-Value-Cost Model represents three important components for predicting academic motivation. This study endeavored to explore the validity and reliability of the Expectancy-Value-Cost scale among the collegiate students.

As a descriptive-correlational study and to validate the questionnaire using Krejcie and Morganchr('39')s Table, 328 students of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and Bu-Ali Sina University in the academic year of 2018 were selected through cluster random sampling. After translating the Expectancy-Value-Cost (EVC) Scale of Kosovich et al. to Persian, it was presented to students as a 10-item questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, content validity, internal consistency, and split-half reliability coefficient.

Exploratory factor analysis extracted positive motivation and cost as the two major components of the scale. Moreover, the results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the construction. The content validity was 0.79 based on the CVI index. To examine the reliability of the scale, the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha value for each of the factors was 0.79 and 0.76, respectively. The split-half reliability coefficient was computed 0.76.

Findings revealed that the student Expectancy-Value-Cost scale has good validity and reliability. Therefore, this instruments seems to be applicable for the future studies.

The main purpose of this applied research was to determine farmer’s environmental behavior and factors affecting it in Qorveh County of Kurdistan province. The data were collected by a surveying method with using a questionnaire technique. The collected data were analyzed by using both SPSS and PLS softwares through a structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research includes all 12845 farmers in Qorveh County. Of those, 374 people were first selected as samples using Kerjcie and Morgan's table then a randomized sampling method by an optimal assignment technique was used for determining samples between each village. The results revealed a significant relationship between the external variables environmental knowledge and awareness, environmental concern, subjective norm and farmers' environmental attitude with the variable farmers' intention. The environmental concerns had the most direct effect on the farmers' intention. The results showed that the variable farmers' intention can determine 32 percent (β =0.32) of dependent variable (farmer’s environmental behavior).Therefore, it is concluded that the farmers' intention as an important factor can effect on their environmental behavior, and the farmers' intention influenced strongly by the variable farmers' environmental concerns.

Since motivational self-regulation is one of the important strategies for self-regulation learning, students' ability to face the challenges of motivation in their academic activities and their insistence on doing them has an important impact on their learning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the factor structure of the short form of motivational self-regulation scale in students.

In this descriptive study, the population of the study included all the students who attended Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in the 2017-2018 academic year. In this study 461 students were selected by cluster random sampling method. After translation into Persian, the scale was provided as a 12-item version available to the students. For determination of the scale factors, the exploratory factor analysis using the principal component analysis and varimax rotation method was used and confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the factors.

The results of exploratory factor analysis, extracted two factors, Regulation of Motivation and Willpower. The Cronbach's alpha for the factors was 0.70 and 0.82, respectively and for the scale, it was 0.86 which totally determined 50.14% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the significant relationship between the manifest variables and latent elements (p<0.001). As a result, it can be said that the structure of the factor has a good fit in the Iranian sample.

Short form of motivational self-regulation scale has a well-established structure. So, using this tool is well-supported and reliable in future research.

The purpose of this study was to predict the components of achievement goals through big five personality traits and emotional intelligence. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The population consisted all students of Isfahan University. Among all, 406 students were sampled using randomly stratified sampling. The research tools consisted of (Petrides & Furnham's 2001) Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, (Goldberg's 1999) five big personality factors Questionnaire, and (Elliot and McGregor’s 2001) achievement goals questionnaire. The data were analyzed through stepwise regression. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness have a positive and significant relation with approach-mastery goal and they can predict it totally with 18% of the variance. In addition, emotional intelligence, agreeableness and neurosis can predict the avoidance-mastery goal with totally 8% of the variance. Among the components of personality only conscientiousness can predict the approach-performance goal with 1% of the variance. Emotional intelligence can predict the avoidance-performance goal with 5% of the variance. As a result of personality and emotional intelligence may be good predictor for student achievement goals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of meta cognitive skills training on academic Procrastination of students and Academic delay of gratification. The research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design and control group. Statistical population of the study was all female students of the high school of Kermanshah in 2017- 18 academic year. By using cluster random sampling, 40 students were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (20) and control groups (20). A meta cognitive skills intervention program was performed in six sessions (once a week in 90-minutes) for the experimental group. Solomon and Ruthblum academic procrastination scale and Academic delay of gratification scale to gather data was used. The data were analyzed using repeated measurements ANOVA. The findings showed that meta cognitive skills training was effective in reducing student academic procrastination (p <0.01) and enhancing the Academic delay of gratification (p <0.05) in experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test. Moreover, the post-test and follow-up scores in the experimental group, was not statistically different. So meta cognitive skills training has significant effect on students' academic procrastination and academic delay of gratification. Therefore, meta cognitive skills can be used to reduce one of the low academic performance factors of students and help students to delay of academic gratification.

Various personal factors can effect on academic achievement of students, that among of them self-efficacy and the level of hope can be cited. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and hope with academic achievement in Students, This study was conducted within the framework of correlation research methodology. The study population consisted of all female high school students in Bandar Abbas city in the academic year 2014-15, 300 persons were selected by random cluster sampling. To collect data was used from general self-efficacy questionnaire and Snyder Hope Scale. As well as for measuring the academic achievement, the end of the semester student’s average scores were used. Data were analyzed using correlation and inter regression. Results showed a positive correlation between self-efficacy and hopes with academic achievement (P

Test anxiety is a common and important educational phenomenon that hasa great influence on the performance and progress at different ages. The aimof this study was to investigate the role of perfectionism dimensions and goalorientation in predicting of test anxiety. The present study was descriptiveand the type of correlation. The study population consisted of all male andfemale high school students, in the academic year (2014-15) in the city ofKermanshah. The study sample consisted of 134 schoolchildren (70 girls and64 boys) who were selected using multistage sampling. The results showedthat the negative perfectionism and test anxiety have a significant positiverelationship. The components of mastery-avoidance and performanceAvoidance have a significant relationship with test anxiety (P<0/001). Incomparison between girls and boys, there was no significant difference in therelationship between variables. In addition, the result of step by stepregression analysis showed that the perfectionism and goal orientationvariables with helped variable of gender predict nearly 50 percent the varietyof test anxiety scores. It can be concluded that with awareness about therelationship between this variables with each other and effectiveness of thesefactors in the creation and the continuation of anxiety and also try to provideappropriate methods of teaching and learning new approaches , the field toreduce the negative structures in learning and increase educational progress.

Marriage is the start point in the family formation and it has been approved as the highest social practice to achieve emotional and security needs for adults. Although satisfactory marriage is an important factor in mental health but poor and unsatisfactory marriages can lead to unhappy couples which has negative and irreversible effects on both wives and husbands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment based on Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) on marital satisfaction among couples who were married.
A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study design was used to conduct this study. The population consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University of Bandar Abbas who were married, during 2015 and 2016. Based on acceptance and commitment therapy protocol a 12-session intervention was conducted over a period of 3 months. Enrich marital satisfaction assessment questionnaire was used to collect data. The subjects responded to questionnaires before intervention and 1 month after intervention. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA using were used for data analysis in SPSS V.20.
The results of the analysis showed that the average post-test scores of between two groups in the components of marital satisfaction including sexual satisfaction (experimental, 24.45; control, 19.83), communications (experimental, 22.10; control, 19.81), solving conflict (experimental, 20.35; control, 17.15) and idealistic distortion (experimental, 16.65; control, 14.55) which the difference was statistically significant (p Based on the positive effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital satisfaction of the couples, this method is recommended to be used alongside other interventions for improving marital satisfaction of couples.

Aim: The aim of the present study, design and evaluation of the causal Model of relationship between the components of perfectionism and psychological well-being with an emphasis on the mediating role of academic motivation components.

For this purpose, 456 male and female high school student with multi-stage random sampling Triple regions of Kermanshah education was selected. For this purpose, the questionnaire Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism scale, academic motivation scale Vallerands, and Ryff Psychological well-being scale, was used. Inventory data had been analyzed by using structural equation modeling.

Analysis of data indicated that the model is a good fit with the data from in this study. And the effects of direct and indirect showed that the mediating role of self – determinism academic motivation in relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and psychological well-being. Unlike basic premise, the mediating role of non-self-determined motivation in relationship between perfectionism and psychological well-being not confirmed.

Generally the results of this study showed that academic motivation, have a key role in relationship between perfectionism and psychological well-being. Therefore, these structures can be considered in educational planning.

psychological capital as an important element of educational system in students is necessary. The aim of current research was to investigate the role of spiritual health and mindfulness in psychological capital of students.
This is a correlation study. The Statistical population consisted of 2500 students of faculty of Humanities in University of Guilan that 335 students were selected by cluster random sampling method in the academic year of 2013-14. they responded to the Luthans’s psychological capital, palutzian and Ellison’s spiritual health questionnaire and Short form of Freiburg’s mindfulness inventory with acceptable reliability and validity. The gathered data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis through SPSS .
Results showed that there is a positive and significant relation between spiritual health and mindfulness with psychological capital (efficacy, resilience, optimism, hope) (P>0/01). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that spiritual health and mindfulness could significantly predict psychological capital.
The result of research implies the importance of spiritual health and mindfulness as spiritual and psychological variables in explaining of psychological capital. Thus, training based on promoting spiritual health and mindfulness in educational systems lead to improving psychological capital among students.

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder is a chronic and damaging disorder that continues from childhood to adulthood. Students with attention deficit / hyperactivity compared with normal students are different in important characteristics. The aim of the present study was to compare family relationships, quality of life and resiliency among children with ADHD and normal students.
the present study was Ex post facto and a type of cross – comparative one. The population of this study consisted of all male high school students in the city of Ardabil who have attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, and in the accademic year of (2014 -2015). The sample included 160 Students with attention deficit / hyperactivity and normal Students (80 students with attention deficit / hyperactivity, and 80 normals students) who were selected randomly. In the present study for collecting data on the adults short diagnostic scale of conser`s attention deficit / hyperactivity, Schafer family questionnaire, Kvnrv and David Sun`s quality of life questionnaire and resiliency scale. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used were used.
The results showed that, there is a significant difference between students with attention deficit / hyperactivity as normal students in terms of family relationships, quality of life and resiliency.So that Normal students have more stable family relationships, higher quality of life and level of resiliency than students with attention deficit / hyperactivity.
Based on this research, it was found that parents of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity show strict control and less freedom to their children. Also the quality of life and resiliency of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity was lower than normals.