یاسر مرادی

Myocardial infarction is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, typically caused by thrombotic obstruction. The severity of myocardial damage and its outcomes can vary depending on the location and extent of coronary artery involvement. Consequently, this variability can lead to differing levels of depression and anxiety in these patients. This study aims to explore the relationship between post-myocardial infarction depression and anxiety and the therapeutic approaches used in patients referred to heart centers affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive cross-sectional-correlational study was conducted in 2024 in Urmia. Two hundred myocardial infarction patients hospitalized at educational and medical heart centers in Urmia were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 21.

Three months after discharge, the average scores for depression, trait anxiety, and state anxiety were 15.36 ± 12.57, 48.22 ± 15.21, and 48.99 ± 14.64, respectively. The analysis showed no significant differences in depression and anxiety levels across the five different therapeutic approaches (p > 0.05). Additionally, the findings revealed no significant relationship between the therapeutic approaches used and the levels of depression and anxiety in the patients (p > 0.05).

Regardless of the treatment method received, MI patients experience high levels of anxiety and depression following cardiac infarction. This unfavorable psychological state can directly impact their recovery and quality of life. Therefore, implementing educational and empowerment programs, enhancing self-care practices, forming interdisciplinary teams for continuous assessment and follow-up, and updating treatment protocols are essential considerations for future treatment plans.

Job adaptability, the ability to adapt to work conditions, is crucial in various professions, including nursing. Lack of job adaptability can affect the quality of nursing care, especially in specialized units where nursing care is complex and critical. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between job adaptability and missed nursing care among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 220 ICU nurses working in educational and therapeutic centers in Urmia in 2024. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, Savickas Job Adaptability Inventory, and the Missed Nursing Care Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS software.

The mean age of the nurses was 36.52 ± 6.34 years. Most nurses (48.6%) had 1 to 5 years of work experience in the ICU. The mean job adaptability was 86.85 ± 13.08, and the mean missed nursing care was 39.25 ± 10.64, both at moderate levels. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant negative correlation between job adaptability and missed nursing care (P < 0.001, r = -0.426).

The results indicated that job adaptability is negatively correlated with missed nursing care among ICU nurses. In other words, higher job adaptability is associated with fewer missed nursing care instances. Focusing on nurses' job adaptability and implementing interventions to improve it can help reduce missed nursing care.

The present study aimed to examine and assess the pedagogical analysis of the "Freedom Writers" movie by incorporating the cinema industry as an educational instrument. The study employed a qualitative research approach and utilized the semiotics methodology. The movie has undergone scrutiny through the application of John Fisk's semiotic approach. The results of the study indicated that the "Freedom Writers" movie portrays a teacher who successfully transforms the classroom environment from one characterized by racial animosity to one focused on the pursuit of knowledge and understanding. This movie employs various educational strategies, including critical analysis of story and novel, museum visits, writing experiences, and meeting with inspiring individuals. The research concluded that conducting critical analysis sessions of movies on the academic domain and evaluating the impact of these screenings on the attitudes and motivations of the viewers can be a valuable recommendation for both academic scholars and teacher education institutions.

Nursing is one of the key jobs in healthcare. Quality of care is an important part of nursing and has been accepted by most nurses and researchers. The quality of nursing care is affected by different components of emotional and moral intelligence. In addition, emotional and moral intelligence affect better decision-making and problem-solving abilities, improving nurses' performance. This study was conducted to determine the predictive power of emotional and moral intelligence on the quality of nursing care.

The present study was cross-sectional-correlational descriptive research. Three hundred ninety-five eligible nurses who met the study inclusion criteria were selected by quota sampling. Data were collected using demographic characteristics, emotional intelligence, moral intelligence, and the quality of nurses' care questionnaires. Frequency and percent were used to analyze the descriptive results. Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression were used to examine the relationship between variables and predictions, and t-tests and variance analysis were also used in the analytical tests.

The results showed a relationship between emotional and moral intelligence with the quality of nursing care (P<0.001). Also, moral intelligence and emotional intelligence can predict the quality of nursing care.

Considering the positive relationship between emotional and moral intelligence with the quality of care and the fact that emotional intelligence can be learned and acquired, it is recommended that nurses attend classes and training courses to improve their emotional intelligence. Promoting and improving emotional and moral intelligence helps to maintain nurses' mental health and improve the quality of nursing care.

The expansion of the institution of the bank in the societies and the effects of the legal relations formed in connection with it are so vast that it casts a shadow on all the economic aspects of human life. The preparation of a legal form for investment deposit within the framework of certain contracts led him to establish Article 559 and in the struggle of this thought, the mudarabah contract has taken precedence over other forms, but the legislator, by establishing the law on banking operations without usury, is inclined to the proxy contract. The existing works, by emphasizing the differences between the power of attorney contract and the investment deposit account, have emphasized the uncertainty of the legal relationship that has occurred; The position that is in the order of erasing the problem statement; Because simply calling the legal relationship indefinite without prescribing a special framework and rules will not only solve the problem; On the one hand, it will cause many problems for the banking network, such as what is the form of the relationship between the depositor and the bank and what rules does it follow, and on the other hand, it will cause conflicting opinions in the judicial system; In this article, an attempt has been made to give a logical answer to the problems raised by this group on the legislator's position of the law on banking operations without usury, with the help of the descriptive-analytical method and by adhering to the opinions of the Imami jurists and the general rules of the civil law, and in this way, the legislative theory Based on the power of attorney, knowing the above relationship is proved.

The presence of a child with intellectual disability in the family can cause various psychological problems in parents. One of the variables affected by the presence of a disabled child in the family is internal stigma, which can cause or exacerbate depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between internal stigma and depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy.

This study is a descriptive cross-sectional-correlational research conducted in 2023. One hundred eighty-five mothers of children with cerebral palsy who were referred to welfare and rehabilitation centers of Urmia City entered the study by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Internal Stigma Scale for mothers of children with intellectual disability, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The study was conducted over seven months. All data were entered into IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA) and then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The mean score of internalized stigma and depression in participants was 83.33 ± 49.62 and 17.59 ± 13.53, respectively. High levels of depression were reported in 21.6% of the participants. Moreover, a significant direct linear relationship was found between internalized stigma and depression among participants (r = .47, p < .001).

The results suggest that internal stigma caused by having a child with cerebral palsy can be related to mothers’ depression. Awareness of Health officials and policymakers about this relationship can make more visible the importance of applying scientific and practical measures to change people’s attitudes in this field and, as a result, reducing the internal stigma of mothers of children with cerebral palsy.

Patients can experience nausea and vomiting as one of the most common complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Nausea and vomiting increase the risk of aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of pulmonary recruitment maneuver and supplemental oxygen therapy and their combination on the rate of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery.

Methods & Materials: 

This is a four-group, double-blind, 2x2 factorial clinical trial in which, 100 eligible patients were assigned to three intervention groups (pulmonary recruitment maneuver group, supplemental oxygen therapy group, pulmonary recruitment maneuver group with supplemental oxygen therapy) and one control group using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Rhodes Nausea and Vomiting Severity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 with significance level of less than 0.05.

There was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of nausea, vomiting, and the final score of the nausea-vomiting criterion within 12 hours after the operation among the four groups (p<0.05). However, no significant statistical difference was seen when comparing the mean scores of nausea and vomiting criteria during 24 hours after the operation (p>0.05).

Implementing the combined method as well as pulmonary recruitment maneuver alone were more successful in managing laparoscopy-

The concept of lifestyle encompasses all private and social aspects of human life. The secular perception of lifestyle in the modern world is increasingly prevalent. In this particular study, we have examined the relationship and impact of belief in Shia teachings on a responsible and health-oriented lifestyle in Iran, employing a country studies approach. To achieve this goal, we conducted a survey involving Qom University students, using Pierre Bourdieu's viewpoints and the Chen et al. lifestyle questionnaire (Chen et al., 2007: 69). In this survey, a representative sample of 366 people from Qom University completed the lifestyle questionnaire, focusing on six areas: responsibility, physical activity, positive outlook on life, stress management, proper nutrition, and social support. The research results revealed a significant relationship (at a 10% significance level with a 43% correlation) between belief in Shiite teachings and the adoption of a health-oriented lifestyle, particularly regarding responsibility, positive outlook on life, and stress management. Additionally, this research addressed influential identity factors such as gender and educational level among students. Different models were established to explore the impact of Shia beliefs on the lifestyle of female and male students from undergraduate to doctoral degrees, providing valuable insights.

Job motivation is an essential factor among nurses, influencing their care quality. Motivation directly impacts the performance of hospital employees, including nurses, in achieving organizational goals—self-actualization, which refers to the desire to improve oneself and reach one's full potential. Since self-actualization is one of the components of mental health and the search for meaning is the foundation of mental health, achieving the meaning of life as a mental strength causes positive feelings, satisfaction, and even psychological security. Natural disasters and crises, including earthquakes, are disruptive events that are usually beyond the response capacity of local and regional systems and can affect nurses' motivation to perform their duties. This study aims to determine the relationship between job motivation, self-actualization, and the meaning of life among nurses during critical events in Khoi City in 1401.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in medical education centers and hospitals affiliated with Khoy University of Medical Sciences. It included 404 nurses who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a demographic information form, Ludahl, and Kitchener's standard job motivation questionnaire, Ahvaz's self-actualization questionnaire, and Steger's meaning of life questionnaire. The correlation coefficient and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 23.

The results showed 61.6% of nurses had high job motivation, and 86.1% had strong self-actualization. The mean scores for the presence of meaning dimension and the search for meaning dimension were 28.476 ± 7.549 and 28.756 ± 7.598, respectively. 79% of nurses reported a sense of meaning in life, while 81.9% reported actively searching for meaning. According to the correlation test results, there is a direct and significant relationship between job motivation, self-actualization, and the meaning of life.

Considering the high job motivation, self-actualization, and the presence of meaning in the nurses' lives, managers can keep these values high and enhance the quality of nursing care by providing a supportive work environment and creating an atmosphere to promote these values further.

Embedding a foreign body inside the heart is considered a significant event in a person's life and causes a change in the level of control a person has over the environment and his choices. Therefore, correctly identifying the center or source of control can play an essential role in formulating strategies for the participation of these patients in useful health behaviors and adopting active coping strategies. Considering the importance of understanding the dimensions of the health locus of control and the lack of a similar study on these patients, the present study was conducted to determine the health locus of control in the patients with a permanent cardiac pacemaker who were referred to the dysrhythmia clinic of Seyed al-Shohadah Center in Urmia, Iran between 2022 and 2023.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 350 patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers referred to the dysrhythmia clinic of Seyyed al-Shohada Teaching Hospital in Urmia were selected using convenience sampling, and they completed the questionnaire. Demographic questionnaire and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) were used to collect data. This research was conducted over ten months, and all data was analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using descriptive statistics.

The results of this study showed that the highest mean scores among the dimensions of health locus of control belongs to external (28.90 ± 4.77) internal (26.03 ± 5.33) controls. Also, the lowest mean score was related to chance (17.76 ± 6.78).

It can be concluded that the center of health control of the patients with internal pacemakers is mainly from external control of powerful people. According to these patients, their health and care plan and definite consequences are controlled by medical staff, doctors, and specialists, and the patients feel that they have more prominent role in their health.

Successful aging is one of the most important concepts in gerontology and is a process in which a person adjusts him/herself to adapt to the changes caused by aging and be independent. Based on a review of related literature, it seems that spiritual health and social participation can be considered as important predictors of successful aging. The present study aimed to determine the power of spiritual health and social participation in predicting successful aging among the elderly living in nursing homes.

This is a analytical cross-sectional study, in which a total of 181 elderly people living in nursing homes were recruited using stratified sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, multidimensional questionnaire of successful aging, JAREL Spiritual Well-Being Scale (JSWBS), and Social Participation Questionnaire (SPQ).

The overall mean scores of successful aging, spiritual well-being, and social participation were shown to be 139.38 ± 34.14, 78.63 ± 19.21, and 42.09 ± 13.57, respectively. Based on the results of multivariate regression analysis, spiritual well-being and social participation predicted 62.5% of the variance of the overall successful aging score (ADJ.R2 = 0.625, R2 = 0.63, R = 0.793).

The results showed that the mean score of successful aging increases as the mean scores of spiritual well-being and social participation increase.

After realizing the necessity of intergenerational justice, many countries have pursued solutions such as establishing development funds for its realization and the productivity of the next generations from the national wealth. These funds usually pursue long-term goals such as converting national resources into lasting wealth with increasing productivity by granting facilities or directly investing in development projects. The National Development Fund in Iran mainly operates in the form of grant facilities through the conclusion of agency contracts with banks, which has always led to grave challenges, especially regarding the collection of claims for granted resources. Although the agency contract of the National Development Fund with the banks had concluded in the form of additional and inflexible contracts and the fund has tried to reduce the risk of return of its resources to the minimum possible level in the form of the conditions included in a contract, but, it still has problems in collecting claims. It is serious.This article tried to examine the nature of the relationship between the client, the bank, and the National Development Fund in granting facilities and its effects with a descriptive and analytical approach, while explaining the process of granting facilities and explaining its legal ambiguity, especially in the mentioned tripartite relationship. Prove that the current problems of the National Development Fund are caused by the unfair nature of the mentioned relationship and that current contracts cannot cover the contractual risks of the facility. In the end, specific suggestions such as concluding deposit contracts instead of agency in some cases, using the capital market mechanism, modifying the conditions while concluding the agency contract, replacing exchange contracts, especially Istisnaa instead of partnership contracts, and finally complying with credit risk management requirements to improve the current situation, the current unfavorable situation can be sorted out with their help.

 

In the sensitive environment of the hospital, the organizational climate affects many employees' behaviors in achievement of organizational goals. Nurses are the largest group of healthcare providers, and the quality of nursing care directly affects the efficiency of the health system. Development of nursing services requires the presence of motivated nurses in a suitable working environment. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine perception of the nurses from organizational climate of teaching hospitals affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2022-2023.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 200 nurses working in medical education centers of Urmia city, Iran were selected by quota sampling method and completed the questionnaire. Data was collected using the Halpin and Craft Organizational Climate Questionnaire (OCDQ). This study was conducted during a 6-month period. Data were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 22, using descriptive statistics as well as one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test.

The results showed that the mean score of the organizational climate was 101.72 ± 14.91, showing that the organizational climate of Urmia teaching hospitals was at a medium level. The dimensions of "teamwork morale" and "annoyance" had the highest (14.85) and lowest (11.13) mean scores, respectively. The difference in the mean score of the organizational climate was found to be statistically significant only in Imam Khomeini and Seyyed al-Shohad hospitals (p = 0.025). This finding indicated that the mean score of organizational climate in Imam Khomeini Hospital was lower than it in other hospitals, while it was the highest in Seyed al-Shohda Hospital compared to other hospitals.

According to the results, the organizational climate of the teaching hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences is at a medium level, so hospital managers are recommended to create a favorable and constructive organizational atmosphere for achieving the highest level of performance among nurses.

Workplace violence is one of the occupational hazards that are increasingly growing worldwide. Long shifts, intense stress, isolated and uncontrolled environments, direct contact with anxious patients, and the nature of work, all put emergency medical staff at risk of workplace violence. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of workplace violence, the ways of encounter it and its consequences on emergency medical staff of West Azerbaijan province, Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in West Azerbaijan province, Iran .in 2022. Four hundred medical emergency staff were enrolled in the study through convenience sampling method. The data were collected using a standard electronical questionnaire about workplace violence in the health department. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 26. Descriptive statistics (absolute frequency, mean, standard deviation, and Average percentage) were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that 61% of emergency medical staff had experienced workplace violence in the past year, which was 54.3% verbal violence, 19.3% physical violence, 18% ethnic violence, and 10% sexual violence. In response to all types of workplace violence experienced, emergency medical staff often invited the attacker to calm down, and the reason for not reporting the incident from their viewpoint was the futility of reporting. Also, most were very dissatisfied with how the reported incidents were handled.

Emergency medical staff are exposed to high levels of violence. Therefore, it is necessary to have the essential fields to reduce and prevent violence in the workplace and increase the security of these employees, such as training the general public in the profession of emergency medicine and stressful working conditions, developing a system for reporting and handling violent incidents, and explanation of the support systems for the victims should be provided.

Implanting a permanent pacemaker (inserting an electronic device into the heart) is an important event in a patientschr('39') life that affects their body image and impairs their socio-psychological adaptation and quality of life. Moreover, it can cause concern in their families due to the lack of knowledge about the disease, patientchr('39')s needs, and patient care. Accordingly, the provision of effective patient care would be affected, so that as a vicious cycle, this can lead to poor quality of life in these patients. Considering these concerns, it is necessary to examine the educational needs and provide educational support for the patients and their families. The present study aimed to determine the effect of family-centered educational support on the quality of life in patients with permanent cardiac pacemaker who were referred to Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital in 2019-2020.

In this quasi-experimental study, a total of 80 patients with permanent cardiac pacemaker were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group received family-centered educational-supportive interventions in two main steps. The control group received only routine training. Data were collected using a demographic characteristic questionnaire and the MacNew Heart Disease Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire, and entered into SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA). Data were analyzed using the χ2 test, studentchr('39')s t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. A p-value of less than 0.05 was anticipated for rejecting the null hypothesis.

The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in the mean score of quality of life and its dimensions (physical, emotional and social performance) between the intervention and the control group during five measurements (P ≤0.0001). Based on the comparison of the mean scores between the two groups, it was found that the mean score of quality of life and its dimensions increased in the intervention group during the measurement intervals which has led to the significance of these differences between the two groups.

Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that the implementation of family-centered educational support is effective in improving the quality of life in patients with permanent cardiac pacemaker.

Nowadays, the increase in bank debts has become one of the country's severe economic crises, and collecting these debts has turned into one of the major concerns for the country's banking network. Therefore, the question arises as to the reasons for the failure of banks to collect these debts. According to the findings of this study, the disruption in the set of laws and regulations governing debt collection of the credit institutions is the leading cause of this critical situation, and at the same time, improper interpretation and misapplication of minimum rules by courts and some negligence in bank branches intensifies this dilemma. The first step to improve this situation is to provide banking facilities supported by easy-to-sell collaterals; a solution that has been seriously threatened in the laws passed in the 80's. The second step is the implementation of Note 4 supplementary to the Article 34 of the Registration Law, approved in 2015, and the obligation of the judiciary to amend the bylaws for the implementation of the provisions of official documents in this regard and also the annulment of the verdict No. 266 of the General Assembly of Administrative Justice Court, which, by misinterpreting the tax laws in practice, has eliminated the right of priority arising from a bank mortgage. The third step is to remove barriers to the collection of banks' debts in courts, including the possibility of referring bank cases to arbitration, establishing specialized branches across the country and amending bankruptcy regulations with the goal of preventing the formation of fictitious bankruptcies by bank debtors.

Wildlife is an important biological indicator of viability of ecosystems, therefore, understanding habitat requirements of species is essential for biodiversity conservation. Determining the suitability of habitats for wildlife is important for effective management and conservation of species. The brown bear (Ursus arctos), as the largest carnivorous mammal in Iran, is distributed in most forest and mountain ecosystems and has a high conservation value. In the current study, brown bear habitat suitability modelling, in Kurdistan Province, was performed using maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt). After collecting the presence data and environmental variables, and examining the correlation between the variables, the obtained data were entered into the MaxEnt model. Results showed that temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, topography and vegetation are the most important variables in predicting habitat suitability of the brown bear in Kurdistan province. From the total area of Kurdistan Province, 1, 5 and 11 % were respectively accounted for habitats of high, moderate and low suitability, and 83% of the area was clssifed as unsuitable habitats. Based on the results, Chehel Cheshmeh, Shaho and Kosalan protected areas are suitable habitats for the brown bear. Zagros forests are considered as one of the main habitats of brown bear in Iran, consequently, the conservation of these habitats is essential to protect populations of this valuable carnivorous species.

Nowadays, implementing the interventions to improve self-care behaviors of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients is considered more than ever. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of implementingeducational intervention based on self-care behaviors on self-efficacy in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients in Seyyed-Al-Shohada Hospital in Urmia.

In this semi-experimental study, 56 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery who were eligible for inclusion in the study, were randomly divided into two groups: educational intervention (based on self-care behaviors, n=28) and control (routine care, n=28). The researcher taught self-care behaviors during eight sessions of 30 minutes every other day, and provided an educational pamphlet during discharge for them. The control group only received the routine care. Data collection tools included the Demographic characteristics and Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS v. 20. The chi-square, independent t, and paired t-test were utilized.

The mean score of self-efficacy before implementing educational intervention based on self-care behaviors was 126.70 ± 40.13 and 120.88 ± 10.33 in the intervention group and control group, respectively, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups (p=0.221). But after implementing educational intervention based on self-care behaviors, the mean score of self-efficacy in the intervention group (175/07 ± 42/49) was significantly higher than the control group (130/44 ± 9/65), (p<0.001).

According to the findings of this study, implementing educational intervention based on self-care behaviors can help improve the self-efficacy of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Heart failure is considered one of the most common chronic illnesses in the whole world and is associated with many symptoms due to heart failure in the bloodstream. This study was a clinical trial with the aim of determining the effect of sleep health education on the quality of sleep in patients with heart failure hospitalized in cardiac care units of Orumiyeh educational centers in.

In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test-posttest design,70 eligible patients were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. During the first session, the researcher for both groups of the St. Petersburg quality of life questionnaire and Demographic questionnaire was completed. The sleep hygiene program was then performed for the intervention group in five sessions (one session per week). In the control group, routine measures were taken at the time of discharge and no specific intervention was performed.Four weeks after discharge, both groups were summoned to the heart clinic simultaneously and the researcher's sleep quality questionnaire was completed again for both groups. The data were collected using the Demographic Specification Form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and analyzed using the spss version 16 software. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution tables and percentages) and analytical statistics including independent t-test, t-correlation and ankova.

Based on the findings, the average sleep quality score in the intervention group after the sleep hygiene education improved significantly (p<0.001). Also, the mean sleep quality score of the intervention group after the sleep hygiene education improved significantly before the intervention (p<0.001).

The findings of the study indicated that sleep hygiene education is effective in improving the quality of sleep in patients with heart failure hospitalized in the intensive care unit of Orumiyeh hospitals.

Nowadays, the quality of life and how coping and treatment of patients with an implantable cardiac defibrillator has led to concern and attempts to reduce or eliminate the problems of these patients in the people who provide health care services. This study aimed to determine the effect of nurse-peer-led support intervention on quality of life in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in Seyyed-Al-Shohada Hospital in Urmia. In this clinical trial study, 120 Patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator who had referred to the dysrhythmic clinic and eligible for inclusion of study, were randomly divided into two groups of 60 patients (nurse-peer-led support intervention) and control (routine care). In the intervention group, a nurse-peer-led support intervention was implemented for five months from the beginning of February to the end of July and quality of life rate in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in the two groups before and after the appalling the nurse-peer-led support intervention were analyzed. Data collection tools included two parts: Demographic characteristics and MacNew quality of life questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS v. 20 and descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test). The mean score of quality of life before appalling of nurse-peer-led support intervention in the intervention group was 89.10 ± 21.37 and in control group 83.86 ± 23.45 that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P-value= 0.204). But after appalling of nurse-peer-led support intervention, the mean score of quality of life in the intervention group (124/83 ± 10/83) was significantly higher than the control group (84/83 ± 27/67), (P <0.0001). According to the findings of this study, it follows that the appalling of nurse-peer-led support intervention can lead to improving the quality of life of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

Always in the duration of banking activities, there is the possibility of damaging some customers, and then the question arises in accordance of tort, who and on what basis of the rules should pay the damage compensation. Regardless of the fact that, today the foundations of the negligence theory has collapsed in our law and should have used the attribution theory or citation as its alternative, based on the numerous Islamic Judicial-Legal evidences raised in this research, regarding the liability of banks in lieu of customers, the theory of liability without negligence will be done as the base theory of banks responsible. Specific liability for vocation owners in Islamic Jurisprudence and finally Paragraph (c) of Article 35 of the Monetary and Banking Law, is our most important evidence to prove the theory of liability without negligence, in particular, the Strict Liability of Banks. At the same time, the nature of the money causes the banks debt to restoration their customers' deposits is indebtedness in the assumption of any damage of the customer, and the trust possession of the bank's is to be canceled in investment accounts. In England law, deliberately and improvidence, are the two independent lawsuits for civil liability claims, but ultimately, with regard to the banks liability, the rights of England are also milder than our rights tend to the theory of liability without negligence of the banks.

Nursing students whose future nurses, are the largest provider of health services and will have a critical role in health care. Therefore, with regard to the profession's importance and social status, Nurses, along with clinical competencies, should have ethical competencies to provide appropriate and professional care. Therefore the present study was conducted to determine the effect of teaching professional ethics through case-based method on moral sensitivity of nursing students at Urmia nursing and midwifery faculty in 2016. In this clinical trial study, 73 nursing students who had not passed the ethic course were recruited to the study through the census method. Using a table of random numbers, participants were randomly assigned to a 37‑person CBL group and a 36‑person lecture group. Using the Lutzen moral sensitivity questionnaire a pre-test was performed of both groups before the intervention. Ethics education was done in both groups for two months and a half. Educational contents were the same in both groups and the only difference was the type of educational method. One month after the intervention, the moral sensitivity questionnaire was completed again by the two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 (v. 16.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical software, independent t-test, paired t-test and Chi-square test. No statistically significant difference was found between the intervention and the control groups regarding the pretest mean score of moral sensitivity (p = 0.22), But after the intervention, the mean score of moral sensitivity in the case-based group were significantly increased compared to the lecture group (p = 0.04). A case-based approach to ethics education is more effective than the routine method in promoting nursing students’ moral sensitivity and promoting moral sensitivity is a major contributor to providing better nursing care. It is, therefore, recommended that this method be used while imparting professional ethics education

The extent of the responsibility of banks in participating in a partnership as a facilitator is one of the most important questions of the day of the country's legal community. In fact daily development of banks activities in current time lead this financial institution in order to reduce its banking risks, place some non- responsibility terms and conditions in two form of contractual and functional (non-contractual)
A non-responsibility condition is a contract between a responsible person and probable injured, according to this contract, the responsible is free from all charges and does not need to reimburse damages. Among different banking contracts, partnership agreement and Modrabah and joint ventures in particular lead to a non-responsibility.
According to article 558 of Civil law and Ejma of Foghaha non- responsibility condition in Modarabah in form of another enforceable contract is possible. Although through imposed conditions theory there are some doubts about its accuracy therefore banks guarantee Modarab liability in a Solh contract.
According to majority of Foghaha contrary to the Modarabah contracts non liability of banks in probable damages from partnership in joint ventures is a term against contract nature. In banking activities Due to the above mentioned items any non-liability conditions of state and private banks shall be considered invalid and void especially when according to article 35 of banking and monetary law liability of banks ( the same as carriers ) principal is accepted. The conditions for non-liability of banks in the probable loss resulting from participation in a civil partnership contract, according to the famous foghaha, are indicative of the opposite of the conditions and the nature of the partnership agreement