فهرست مطالب یدالله بستان

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of aggregating and estimating the collective demand function for meat commodity groups (mutton, beef, poultry, canned fish, southern fish and northern fish) using Weak Separability methods, generalized composite commodity and the demand function of Iranian urban households. Necessary data and information were obtained from the annual statistics of expenses and income of Iranian households of the Statistics Organization for the period of 2005-2020. The results of income elasticity showed that two canned goods, fish and southern fish, are considered luxury for Iranian urban households. Northern fish with a self-price pull of -1.28 is most sensitive to price changes against other types of meat. Also, canned fish and southern fish are substituted based on the intersection of canned fish. According to the results of the Separability test for different types of meat, different types of meat can be divided into two groups of red and white meat.

Extended Abstract
Introduction and

Today, all developed and developing countries emphasize the importance of productivity as one of the necessities of economic development and gaining competitive advantage in the international arena. According to the new theories of economic growth, it is productivity that enables growth in the long run. On the other hand, the importance of the role of innovation in increasing competitiveness at the international level is obvious. Therefore, the main goal in the upcoming study is to investigate ways to increase the export of knowledge-based products using econometric relationships.

In the present study, spatial econometric models and data of 11 emerging countries (Brazil, Chile, China, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Singapore, India, Poland, and Thailand) along with Iran were used to investigate the effect of innovation and productivity on the export of knowledge-based products for the period from 1995 to 2018.

The results of the SAR model indicate a positive and significant effect of innovation and productivity variables on the export of knowledge-based products. Also, the examination of the spatial correlation coefficients shows that the spatial spillover of the export of knowledge-based products is one of the most important variables explaining the change in the production level of the export of knowledge-based products. In other words, the export of knowledge-based products of each country is affected by the export of knowledge-based products in neighboring regions.

According to the research results, policy makers and economic decision-makers are expected to pay serious attention to improving the innovation and productivity index in order to improve the export performance of knowledge-based products, and also pay attention to the choice of business partners and the localization of imported knowledge-based products in the direction of a resistance economy.

Rapid mass migration to cities and economic growth have created various problems for sustainability. The ever-increasing increase in urban waste, which causes environmental pollution and land occupation, that has been concerns of municipalities, and separate collection is known as a suitable method for their disposal. Municipal waste - always as a pollutant, has polluted the environment around human and reduces the beauty of cities. Ardakan city, also the same oflike many industrial cities in Iran, has many problems in the field of urban waste management due to the rapid growth of urbanization. Therefore, the present study has determined the economic value of the green tax in Ardakan city and measured Pepole`s willingness to pay for the suitable separation and disposal of waste using the contingent valuation method (CVM) and the two-dimensional dual technique. The required data was obtained through distribution of 608 questionnaires in Ardakan in 2018. The results of the logit model estimation show that age and gender variables have a negative impact, and the variables of the number of household members and education have a positive and significant effect on the acceptance of the proposed amount. The amount of People's willingness to pay monthly was obtained, equal to 23450 rials (0.55 $), since this amount is for providing services to the person, it can be paid as a green tax for proper waste separation and disposal for each person. Also, the total value of green tax is equal to 21181 million rials (504315.7 $) per year. The income from people's willingness to pay for proper waste disposal can be used for the costs of installing bins for waste separation and finally disposal or recycling of waste, creating employment in this sector.

 Various studies have shown that changes in rainfall due to climate change can affect the stability of food supply and in fact climate change by increasing the prevalence and severity of drought or flood, crop yields, food access and also effect food prices. According to the FAO, Iran's food security rank is 82 out of 125 countries in the world, and one of the reasons for this rank is the excessive waste of agricultural products in Iran. As a result, citing a wide range of previous studies, it has been documented that the impact of climate change on food security for countries that are more dependent on agriculture is largely negative and has significant effects. Therefore, in present study, citing theoretical foundations and foreign and domestic studies conducted in the field of food security especially in Iran, factors such as food prices, climate change, household income, exchange rate and targeted subsidy policy as factors affecting selected food security and their effect on food security of urban households in Iran were studied.

 In this study, it was our goal to find the effects of food price variables, climate change, household income, exchange rate and targeted subsidy policy on food availability by estimating single equations of the food security index.In this study, based on the subject literature and available information, the self-explanatory model with wide intervals (ARDL) and the error correction model (ECM) introduced by boys and colleagues have been used to examine integration and estimate short-term and long-term relationships between variables. Data required for the present study, regarding the open market exchange rate and food prices (food and beverages) from official statistics based on the annual reports of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the necessary information to calculate the food security index of households and average household income from detailed results Expenditure and income of urban households of the Statistics Center of Iran, for the period 1398-1399 has been extracted.

 The results showed that in the long run, a one percent increase in food prices reduces the food security index of Iranian urban households by 21 percent. As expected, the coefficient of variable climate change has a negative and significant effect on the food security index, and with its increase, the production of food and agricultural products decreases, and as a result, the food security index decreases. The growth rate of free market exchange rate with a negative sign at the level of one percent is significant. Since the agricultural industry in Iran is an industry highly dependent on imports. As a result, the increase in the exchange rate increases the price of agricultural products and affects food security. Annual household income has a positive and significant effect on household food security index. By increasing household income and assuming its appropriate distribution in society, it can be concluded that urban households are faced with increased purchasing power and ability to meet their food needs, and this variable has a positive effect on energy status and food security. The virtual variable of the years of implementation of the law on targeted subsidies is also significant at the level of 10% with a negative sign. The results show that in the long run, the implementation of this law has reduced the activity of farmers due to rising prices of agricultural inputs and energy carriers, this issue leads to a decrease in domestic food production and thus increases their prices and ultimately reduces food security of households. The estimated coefficient of ecm (-1) is equal to the negative value of 0.42 and is statistically significant at 1% probability level. The value of this coefficient indicates that each year 0.42% of the imbalance of one period of food security of urban households in Iran in the next period is adjusted.

 Given the negative effect of food price index and exchange rate on food security of urban households, the application of appropriate exchange rate policies can be very effective in reducing inflation, especially food price inflation, which threatens the country's food security. With increasing investment, domestic food production is approaching self-sufficiency in this sector, in which case food prices will be subject to domestic supply and demand, and to some extent will be protected from exchange rate fluctuations and food imports, and this will create food security and prosperity. The economy in the country will help a lot. Given the negative effect of targeted subsidies, a review of the implementation of targeted subsidies policy to establish food security for households is proposed. To reduce the negative effects of climate change on food security, selective strategies must focus on addressing the adverse effects of climate change and food insecurity. Educating and strengthening public belief in climate change and water crisis, formulating long-term and short-term plans and policies for water resources management under climate change conditions with the participation of all relevant organizations and moving towards modern methods can be effective in reducing the effects of climate change.

Natural and semi-natural ecosystems have many direct and indirect services. By evaluating the economic value of their various services and functions can be a step towards effective management and maintaining. The sheikh-mousa rangeland ecosystem in Babol city, in the past few decades, experienced harsh human interferences including construction and intense livestock grazing that has caused. The services and features of this important ecosystem are under extinction threat. Therefore, the current study was investigated the economic value of forage production as a production function, and waste treatment and soil formation as regulation actions in the sheikh-mousa rangeland ecosystem. In the current study, the valuation of services for the year 2017 is done by Replacement cost and market price methods. The results showed that the total regulation value (waste treatment and soil formation) and production value are 2615 & 8348 million Rials (62261.06 & 198767.75$) per year for the total area of sheik-mousa rangeland ecosystem, respectively. Also, the value in each hectare of both regulation and production functions was estimated 251269.7 Rials (6$) and 802176 Rials (19$) respectively. The results show that the regulatory functions have a high economic value as well as the production function of the rangeland ecosystem. Therefore, it is suggested to prioritize the plans and pay attention to them in order to reduce the environmental costs and the sustainability of this ecosystem.

Western sanctions against the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation's retaliation in 2014 and sanctions on food imports from the West, including the European Union, the United States, Australia, Canada and Norway, suggest that there may be changes in Russian consumers' preferences for cucumber. Imported from Iran has occurred. The present study tests this hypothesis using a nonparametric method based on the Generalized Axiom of Revealed Preferences (GARP). In this regard, price and quantity data related to the import of Russian Federation cucumbers from Iran and the countries that had the most exports of this product to Russia (Turkey and China); Reviewed for the period 2017-2000. The results of the study show that a significant structural change in the preferences of Russian consumers occurred in 2003 in favor of Iranian cucumber, which indicates the stability and loyalty of Russian consumers to cucumbers imported from Iran. Finally, the political disputes between the Russian Federation and Turkey have provided a good opportunity to develop the export of Iranian products in the market of the Russian Federation. Ensuring the production of quality cucumbers throughout the year and not changing government policies on exports can help increase Iran's share of the Russian Federation market.

Pollinators that feed on insect-pollinated plants have an important role in the food chain. Because pollinator insects have the potential to raise the value of agricultural crops and are very helpful in the nitrogen stabilization and the prevention of pest invasions. The present study mainly investigated the contribution of three services of insect pollination in rangeland along with the valuation of the services. In the study, to calculate the share of each service, cutting and weighing methods (for forage production) and engineering economics methods (replacement cost and Transfer of Benefits) were used to calculate the economic value in 2017. These services include increased yield of agricultural supply, upgraded nitrogen fixation by nitrogen fixing plants in rangelands, and reduction of plant pests and diseases by pollinator insects. Each service value was anticipated to be 15.31%, 48.9% and 35.78% of the overall of insect pollination, respectively. Besides, the extent of pollinator insects services value per hectare and the whole rangeland ecosystem was 62.37$ and 649096.5$, respectively. Consequently, following the outcome of the present study, preservation of insect pollination services is considerable to sustain and keep food security, sustainable agricultural development, sustainable employment, and protection of natural, environmental ecosystems and the environment, especially rangelands. Thus, insect pollinator services were regarded significant by policy makers and managers.

Economic valuation of environmental, agricultural and social impacts is one of the tools of ecosystem management aimed at achieving sustainable development, emphasizing the need for its use in large construction projects. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to investigate the environmental, agricultural and social effects of Kermanshah Railway in terms of stated preferences. 200 questionnaires were distributed and completed among the inhabitants of the adjacent areas of the railway in different seasons of the year 2017. The results of the conditional logit model showed that the amount of damage caused by railway for each of the environmental (habitat characteristics and vegetation and climate), agricultural (land use) and social (vibration and noise) characteristics of the order is 79250, 60430 and 12370 Rials per person per year, respectively. Also, the highest willingness to pay for the sub-sectors was obtained for compensation of 224800 Rials for land use specificity and then 46000 Rials per year for social property per household. Finally, the total value of the damages caused by the railroad was 29685 million Rials. According to the results of the current study, people's desire for environmental protection is higher than other sectors. Which illustrates the importance of the environmental sector from the people's point of view. Finally, according to the results of the present study, it is recommended to pay attention to various social, environmental and agricultural sectors before carrying out construction projects such as railways to prevent their adverse effects.

The demand for organic products has increased in the past decade due to concerns about the environmental and health issues of food products. This study provides marketing data on consumer preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for organic rice in Babol County, Northern Iran. The main objective of this study was to estimate urban consumers' WTP for organic rice and to determine the main factors that consumers look for when purchasing rice. The contingent valuation method (CVM) and double bounded dichotomous (DBD) questionnaire were used to achieve the study goals. The results of the logit model showed that level of education, cancer history, and insurance history had statistically significant effects on WTP. The expected WTP for 1 kg of organic rice was 152467.33 IRR. Based on the average exchange rate of six months of 2018 (33500 IRR) per family in the study tends to the monthly equivalent of US$ 4.55 of their income to buy organic rice allocated. As a result, the total economic value of organic rice was US$ 2254893.072. These results provide important information about market opportunities and policy implementation regarding the production of organic crops.

Due to the problems and diseases caused by pollutants due to the existence of industrial centers in Ardakan city, it is necessary to find solutions such as installing air filters, taxing pollutants and increasing fuel prices to eliminate or reduce pollution, according to the profitability of companies in To be considered. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a solution to green tax to reduce environmental risks. In this study, Contingent Valuation method was used in the form of two-dimensional technique and logit econometric model. Also, to collect data from 608 questionnaires in order to pay people in 1396 in two parts: air pollution caused by factories and installation of signs and banners in the city to encourage people to use public transport and identify vehicles with defects Have technical, was used in Ardakan city. The results showed that the willingness of people to pay to reduce air pollution from factories is 32800 Rials and to reduce air pollution from transportation is 28650 Rials per person per month. The variables of car air pollution fines and rising fuel prices have a positive and significant effect on people's willingness to pay. Also, the variables of the proposed amount and income are the most important influential factors in both sectors. In total, the amount of green tax resulting from the two polluting sectors of industry and transportation in Ardakan city is 72,235 million rials per year, which can be used to establish non-governmental organizations to reduce air pollution.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of short-term and long-term factors such as real exchange rate, domestic production of products of the melons, the ratio of domestic prices to world prices and income importing countries on export volume. Using the data and information gathered from different formal national and international sources, the supply function of melons products are estimated by ARDL model. Microfit and Eviews software. The results show a significant positive effect of production and a significant negative effect on world prices than domestic prices in the short term and long term on the volume of exports. So depending on the direction of government policy to reduce or increase the export of melons, changes in domestic prices to world prices (through changes in export tariffs) as well as changes in domestic production (through changes in cropping patterns and changes in farmers support system) can be effective.

Consumer behavior and preferences among households’ milk may be in different time periods, different. It is important to change behavior in the studied time period specified by identifying changes in people's behavior, can be used to evaluate policy payments made or implemented new policies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural stability or break of Iranian consumers’ preferences for pasteurized and non-pasteurized milk. In this regard, using the cost and income statistics of urban and rural households’ in Iran Statistics Center in the period 1990-2016. Also to analyze household preferences, from a non-parametric pre-disclosed test (WARP) and Kruskal-Wallis statistics (K-W) have been used to distinguish permanent structural changes from fleeting shocks. For this purpose, the matrix of poorly expressed preferences was compiled using the average price and quantity of pasteurized and non-pasteurized milk in urban and rural areas, and by comparing consumer choices in different time periods. The results of the WARP matrix indicate a contradiction in the preferences of consumers of both pasteurized and non-pasteurized milk. In other words, the rational behavior of consumers of pasteurized milk and non-pasteurized milk is rejected in Iran. Also, the results of the K-W statistic indicate a structural change in 1995, indicating a structural failure in the preferences of Iranian consumers for milk. As a result, in future studies, it is suggested that special attention be paid to behavioral economics and consumer preferences for important products such as milk.

Investigating consumer behavior and rationalizing it in selecting different goods and services is important because it measures individuals chr('39')preferences over domestic or foreign goods and demonstrates the impact of impulses and policies as a structural failure or a change in individualschr('39') preferences. In other words, the validity of the assumption of rational consumer behavior is examined. The test of revealed preferences is a powerful way of examining changes in family preferences. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the stability and structural failure of urban consumer preferences for bread basket in the period 1996-1999 using strong and weak nonparametric test of revealed preferences in Iran. Initially, the weak preferences matrix revealed using average price data and the amount of bread types derived from household expenditure and income plan in urban areas and comparing consumer choices over different time periods. The results of the WARP matrix analysis show that there are no inconsistencies in the bread basket consumerschr('39') preferences. Due to the absence of violations in WARP, further changes in preferences using SARP were investigated. The results showed that rational behavior of bread consumers in urban households of Iran is rejected. Also, the results of K-W statistics indicate that there is a structural change in 2014 and indicate that there is no effect of transient shocks and structural failure in urban consumer preferences for bread. Given the years of failure of the utility function and the rationalization of consumer behavior and rational behavior, it is suggested to consider this in estimating the bread demand function of households.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the demand for Iranian sugar imports considering the two countries of Brazil and the United Arab Emirates as the major importers of sugar to Iran. It should be noted that the UAE acts as a re-exporter and is not a sugar producer. Therefore, time series data from 1992-2016 and Auto-Regressive Distributed lag (ARDL) was used. The results of long-term estimates show that 1% increase in GDP increases the demand for sugar imports by 4.73%, and 1% increase in relative prices and exchange rate reduces the demand for sugar imports by 28%. Also, if the Brazilian export rate increases by one unit, the demand for Iranian sugar imports from Brazil would increase by 0.8% unit compared with the UAE. The Error Correction Model (ECM) in the sugar import demand function also shows that the rate of 0.68% deviation of sugar import from its long-term path is corrected by pattern variables in the next period. Finally, policymakers should consider the exchange rate variable as one of the most important factors influencing foreign trade, especially sugar.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of imports in the agricultural sector on the demand of agricultural labor (employment) in Iran for the period 1978-2019 and forecast employment in this sector for the outlook 2026. In the present study, labor demand in the agricultural sector is a function of wages, value added in the agricultural sector, capital stock and imports. To estimate the aggregate relationship and short-term and long-term dynamics, vector autoregression patterns and vector error correction model were used. Also, the neural network designed due to greater efficiency than other models was used to predict employment in the agricultural sector of Iran for the years 2020 to 2026. The results showed that in the long run, value added in the agricultural sector has a positive effect and capital stock, wages and imports have a negative effect on employment in the agricultural sector. The results also showed that the trend of reducing the share of employment in the agricultural sector of Iran in relation to the total economy until 2026, will continue as in previous decades and from an annual growth of 1.03 percent to 0.77 percent. Ultimately, government policies must be implemented with the aim of increasing the value added of the agricultural sector in order to provide new jobs, food security and self-sufficiency.

Agriculture sector is one of the most important sectors in the country’s economy having a big contribution in employment of the whole country and despite the lack of some basic requirements regarding the existing global conditions inevitably we have to get help of it to cope with the challenges of employment in the country. Therefore, investigating and recognizing the effective factors on agricultural sector employment seems necessary. With respect to the significance of the issue, Regarding the importance of the issue, the present study examines the effects of credits and facilities on employment in the sub-sectors of agriculture (agriculture, livestock and fisheries) using combined data for the period of 1991-2016. Results revealed that the granted credits to the agricultural sector have a significant positive effect on the labor demand of agricultural sub-sectors. Therefore, accurate monitoring on how to use the granted credits, appraisal of the credit schemes and attention to the optimal distribution of credit regarding the economic potentials are among those that have to be taken into consideration in order to have more efficiency.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of real exchange rate uncertainty on Iran's agricultural imports for the period of 1977-1389 and predict the level of Iranian agricultural imports by 1404 using GARCH, VAR, VECM and ANN methods. For this purpose, a generalized autoregressive conditional heterogeneity variance model was used to index the real exchange rate uncertainty, using autoregressive patterns and vector error correction for estimating co-integration and short-term and long-term coherent relationships and finally for prediction of artificial neural network method. The results showed that there is an indirect relationship between the real exchange rate fluctuations and consumption pattern of the society on agricultural imports and the direct relation between oil revenue variable and the absorption variable on agricultural imports. Then, comparing the efficiency of self-regression models and Vector Error Correction Model and artificial neural network, a neural network designed to predict the import of Iranian agricultural sector for the period 1396 to 1404 was used under a scenario and exogenous predictions were .....

In the 3 last decades, there were efforts to consider the economic value of ecosystems in the framework of virtual markets, in order to have a better recognition and protection toward them. Therefore, the authors of current study tried to use conditional valuation and mutual 2-dimensional technique, since they have a good knowledge about the valuable services of forest ecosystem of Sheikh mousa in Babol city. 157 questionnaires were distributed among the population (eastern banpey region in Babol) in 2017-2018 period. The factors effective on propensity to pay to stakeholders based on Protective valuation scheme had been investigated. In addition, sampling was performed according to Michel & Carson’s method. The current study is quantitative and results were analyzed in maple 18, shazam 11 & excel 2016 software. The consistency and reliability of information resulted from logit pattern showed that proposed price, age, not being the head of family, visiting the area and environmental ethics are the main effective factors on the propensity to payment for protecting the forest ecosystem of sheikh mousa region. In addition, the annual propensity toward individual payment is equal to 7892.92 Rials (1.87 dollars), and the overall protective value of mentioned ecosystem is more than 2276 million Rials (66096 dollars). In addition, the minimum voluntary investment (available capital) to protect the forest ecosystem of sheikh mousa, from the preference perspective of stakeholders of related society is around 1289 million Rials. According to the obtained results, it can be argued that protecting from this forest ecosystem because of its valuable services from stakeholders perspective is very important. Therefore it is suggested that by establishment of NGO and workshops in the city by corresponding authorities, the environmental ethics and tendencies of people toward protection of such ecosystem get changed. In addition, performing more studies about other applications and services of these type of ecosystems is proposed, in order to have a higher and better understanding in public community and responsible managers about these ecosystems.

Attention to rangeland ecosystems is important because rangeland ecosystems have significant impacts on human agriculture and food security and also have various functions that would not be possible for humans to live without. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to estimate the conservation value and investigate the contribution and ranking of selected Sheikh Moussa rangeland ecosystem services through people's preferences in the form of Choice Modeling (CE). For the next study, the most important Sheikh Moussa rangeland services, including biodiversity, medicinal plants, ecotourism and artefacts, have been identified through field survey and ecosystem services separation. In order to investigate the preferences of the individuals, 170 questionnaires were distributed among the population of the Eastern Bandipur district in the 2017. The results of the present study showed that individuals' annual Willingness To Pay (WTP) to improve the status of the desired ecosystem services amounted to 66692.29 Rials ($ 2.55) and the total value of services rendered was 2667 million Rials ($ 8219.09). The results show that the variables of income, being the head of household and visiting the area are the most important factors affecting the willingness to pay. Based on the values obtained, the priority of the people of the region is to focus more on biodiversity services. Also, the value obtained by the selection test method was able to provide the contribution of each function according to Lancaster's theory. Consequently, ..

Rangeland ecosystems provide a wide range of services such as gas regulation function whose economic value has not been understood. The present study aimed to estimate the economic value of CO2 absorption and oxygen generation services using unit price in Sheikh Musa Rangeland, Mazandaran Province, Iran. In the study area, clipping and weight and photosynthesis methods were applied to estimate dry matter production, CO2 absorption, and oxygen production. Also, Shadow price, Replacement cost, and Social cost methods priced the economic value of gas regulation function differently. Finally, their means were compared and their geometric mean was used as the unit price; then, the economic value of the function was estimated in 2016. Results showed that Sheikh Musa Rangeland ecosystem annually produces 2081.4 t dry matters and 2454 t oxygen and absorbs 7294.15 t CO2. Given the estimated price, the value of CO2 absorption function was found to be 7264.6 million IRR and the economic value of oxygen production was calculated as 3,852 million IRR per year. In overall, the economic value of Sheikh Musa ecosystem was estimated as 11117.4 million IRR (318364 US $) per year and 1.06 million IRR per ha. Given the valuation that shows the minimum value of Sheikh Musa ecosystem and high importance of its gas regulation function, it is recommended to conduct further studies on pricing models for Rangeland ecosystems and to apply environmental management practices for the sake of Rangeland and local health.

We decided to investigate the effects of the industrial sector growth, trade liberalization and energy consumption on Iran's pollution emission amount. For this purpose, time series data from 1986 to 2014 and the self-explanatory technique with extensive pauses have been used. The results of the long-term and short-term relations imply that the added value of industrial sector has positively and significantly impacted on pollution while its square has had a negative impact on pollution. Hence, the environmental Kuznets hypothesis was confirmed in the current study. Energy consumption and trade liberalization have had a positive and significant impact on both short-term and long-term carbon dioxide emission while the impact of energy consumption variable on the level of pollution emission is more considerable. The positive estimated coefficient of the energy consumption variable can be due to low energy efficiency in Iran. For this purpose, it is suggested to move toward environmentally-friendly technologies for the industrial sector. In addition, policy makers should pay a close attention on granting license to industrial sector and avoid granting permission to polluting industrial sectors or try to move them outside the urban area. Developing technical and environmental requirements in manufacturing industrial products in order to decline the amount of industrial emissions, modify production patterns, move energy consumption patterns from polluting energy (such as oil products) to clean and low polluting energies, and consumption of modern and renewable energies in industry are among the suggestions for environmental policies.

The stability of trade patterns may cause economic stability inside the country and increase competitive power at international trade for any country. Therefore, in this article was investigated the trade patterns of selected MENA countries have been identified in three sectors of agriculture, industry and mines, and energy by the aid of calculation of some indices such as Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA). The needed data and information were collected from World Bank website for calculation of the given indices in form of panel data during years 2000- 2014 for three sectors including agriculture, industry and mine and energy. The results showed that the trade pattern for the aforesaid countries has been sustainable in agriculture and energy sectors for long run. However, trade pattern was variable for short-term and Specialization level has been reduced in these countries in terms of trade. In these conditions, governments can contribute to the sustainability of their business models with determining exported goods that have an advantage in different sectors and provide better conditions for trade their goods. Iran due to having active labor force and various advantages in different sectors among MENA countries could provide favorable conditions for itself. Therefore, many studies need to be done in this area to define trade positioning and increase competition power in the region and the globe.