مقالات رزومه پروین احتشام زاده

Hearing is one of the most important senses for learning, acquiring language skills and interacting with others. Deaf children make more mistakes in identifying emotions than their hearing peers and face challenges in cognitive emotion regulation skills. The current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of life skills training, physical training and combined training of life skills and physical training with cognitive regulation of emotion for deaf female students in Zahedan.

This research was an applied research in terms of its purpose. The statistical population included all deaf female students aged 15 to 18 in secondary school. A random sample of 52 people was selected according to the entry and exit criteria. They were randomly divided into four groups. In order to collect information, the cognitive regulation questionnaire of Garnevsky and Kraij 2006 was used. Interventional programs of experiment 1, life skills training, experimental group 2, bodybuilding exercises and experimental group 3, the combination of life skills training and bodybuilding exercises by a senior researcher. The control group did not receive any intervention. After completing the training for the groups, a post-test and a follow-up test were conducted after a period of four months.

Data analysis was performed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements, and the LSD post-test was used to compare the groups. According to the results of the data, the interventions of independent variables were effective on the dependent variable of cognitive regulation of emotion.

Suicide is a complex social consequence and it is an increasing problem among female students, and many skills and interventions have been provided to prevent suicide. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of holographic treatment on social curiosity and academic vitality of female students attempting suicide.

Methods and Materials:

 The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and a post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all female students of Isfahan secondary school in 1402 who had a history of suicide in the last two years. Among them, 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and were replaced randomly and by lottery in two experimental and control groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The experimental group received holographic therapy (9 sessions) and one session every week for 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The research questionnaires included the social curiosity questionnaire of Todd et al. (2018) and the academic vitality scale of Martin and Marsh (2006). For data analysis, univariate covariance analysis was used with SPSS version 25 software.

The results showed that holographic therapy was effective in increasing social curiosity and academic vitality in the post-test phase (p<0. 001).

The findings of the present study can be used in the selection and design of the most appropriate therapeutic approach to reduce suicidal thoughts of female students with psychological distress.

 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by problems in communication, social interactions, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. This research was conducted with the aim of the efficacy of play therapy based on sensory integration on communication skills, social interaction, stereotyped behavior, and motor development in boys with ASD.

 This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and 1.5 months follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all boys with ASD from 5 to 12 years in Guilan province in 2020-2021. Based on the inclusion criteria and the purposeful sampling method, 30 children were selected from the Guilan Autism Association as a sample, and randomly in two the experimental group and the control group were placed. Play therapy based on sensory integration was performed individually for 15 sessions of 30-45 minutes in the experimental group. Research tools included the The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2 (GARS-2) (Gilliam, 2006) and The Lincoln-Oseretsky Motor Development Scale (Sloan,1955). The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS-27 software.

 The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of communication skills (P=0.001, F=14.900), social interaction (P=0.001, F=96.099), stereotyped behaviors (P=0.001, 151.348), and motor development (P=0.001, F=797.026) in the post-test of the experimental and control groups and these results continued in the follow-up phase (P<0.05).

 According to findings the results of this research, play therapy based on sensory integration by providing purposeful plays that target the specific sensory needs of each child can increase the adapted response to received stimuli and thus lead to the improvement of the functions of children with ASD.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between stressful maternal attitudes and emotional intelligence in female students applying to participate in the 9th grade gifted test through the parent-child relationship.

The descriptive research method was structural equations type. The statistical population of the research included all female students who applied to participate in the 9th grade gifted test in Tehran along with their mothers. For this purpose, 301 students and their mothers were selected as samples by voluntary sampling method, and emotional intelligence questionnaires of Petrides et al. They were given the high-pressure maternal attitudes of Ghasempour et al. and the parent-child relationship of Fine et al. The evaluation of the proposed model was done using the method of structural equations. Bootstrap test was used to test indirect relationships.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between all direct paths. The relationship between the indirect path was also significant through the parent-child relationship with emotional intelligence.

Based on the results of this research, the final model has a good fit and is considered an important step in the direction of knowing the effective factors in increasing the emotional intelligence of gifted students

The early years of life are very important in the interventions and progress of autistic children, and it seems necessary to examine the role of parents in this field. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of early interventions of the Denver-parent model on improving the developmental profile of children with autism spectrum disorder.

The current research is applied with AB-type single-subject designs and the statistical population was autistic children in Mahshahr, 3 autistic children were selected by purposive sampling and parents, during 12 individual sessions and 1 hour per week, learned P-ESDM. The evaluation was done in 7 stages with the questionnaire of ASQ3 and descriptive statistics, visual analysis by calculating the percentage of non-overlapping and overlapping data, and comparing graphs were used to analyze the data.

The results of the analysis showed that the use of early interventions of the Denver-Parent model increased the scores in the subscales of the developmental profile, with 100% PND and 0% POD, and the increasing trend of scores in various areas of growth continued until the follow-up stage.

The implementation of early interventions of the Denver-parent model can lead to the improvement of developmental areas in autistic children and parents have a prominent role in this process, so it seems that introducing and Active participation of parents in the intervention process can be an important step to improve developmental delays in autistic children.

The present study aimed to develop a play therapy based on sensory integration and its feasibility on the frequency and severity of challenging behavior in boys with autism spectrum disorder. The study was based on a quasi-experimental pre-and post-test and follow-up of 1.5 months design. The statistical population of this research included all children with autism spectrum disorder from 5 to 12 years old in Gilan province in 2020-2021. Based on the research's inclusion criteria and purposeful sampling, 30 children were selected as a sample and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI-01) Rojahn et al. (2001) was used in the measuring stages. The intervention was performed individually for 15 sessions of 30-45 minutes (for 5 weeks, 3 days each week) in the experimental group. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the frequency scores of challenging behavior in the experimental group decreased significantly from the pre-test to the post-test and from the pre-test to the follow-up (P<0.05). Also, the severity of challenging behavior scores in the experimental group decreased significantly from the pre-test to the post-test and from pre-test to follow-up (P<0.05). As a result, play therapy based on sensory integration can play an effective role in reducing the frequency and severity of challenging behavior of boys with autism spectrum disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) is a neurological disorder and can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges in the affected person.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of joint attention training and logotherapy on primary social communication, anxiety and executive functions of children with autism.

The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group.
The statistical population was children with autism spectrum who referred to psychiatry and psychology centers in Urmia city in 2022. A statistical sample of 45 people was selected by a targeted method and then was randomly placed in three groups of 15 people (two experimental groups and one control group). The required data was collected using questionnaires of basic social communication (Zeboff, 2010), anxiety (Spence, 1999), executive functions (Ballister-Gerard et al., 2000) through two logotherapy intervention methods Owens and LeGoff (2007) 12 sessions of 45 minutes and through shared attention training (Vakilizad and Abedi, 2015) 12 sessions of 90 minutes and then was analyzed with SPSS version 28 software and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance Test.

The results showed that joint attention training and logotherapy strengthened basic social communication and executive functions and weakened anxiety in children with autism. However, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of joint attention training and logotherapy on primary social communication, anxiety and executive functions of children with autism spectrum (P>0.01).

Joint attention training and logotherapy lead to strengthening basic social communication and executive functions and weakening anxiety in children with autism spectrum. Therefore, these two programs can be suggested as a suitable intervention to control autistic disorders and improve the quality of life of autistic children.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy, desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing and biofeedback on migraine attacks (frequency, duration and intensity), anxiety sensitivity, sleep quality and quality of life of women with migraine. The research was semi-experimental and was conducted using a pre-post test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all women who referred to Tehran's Vision of the Future Clinic in 2019 due to headache. Among the people who were diagnosed with migraine, 60 people were selected and randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and one control group. Then the people of the cognitive-behavioral group underwent group therapy for 11 sessions of 90 minutes each week, and the people of the desensitization group with rapid eye movements and reprocessing individually in 3 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week, and the people of the biological feedback treatment group were treated for 15 sessions in 3 weeks of 45 minutes. The data was analyzed by SPSS-25 software and by multiple variance analysis. Based on the results of this research, it can be stated that cognitive-behavioral therapy, desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing and biofeedback are effective on attacks (frequency, duration and intensity), anxiety sensitivity, sleep quality and quality of life of women

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of cognitive- non motor rehabilitation on the working memory and cognitive flexibility of the children with disability in reading learning. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. Follow-up period was administered during two months. The statistical population of the study included second- to fourth-grade children with reading learning disability in zone 6 of Tehran in academic year 2021-22. Thirty seven children with learning reading disability were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received twelve cognitive- non motor rehabilitation sessions during six weeks. The applied instruments in this study included N-BACK software (Jaeggi, et.al. 2008), Tower of London Procedure (Shallice, 1982). The collected data were analyzed via SPSS23 software through mixed ANOVA and follow-up tests. The results showed that cognitive- non motor rehabilitation has significant effect on working memory (p<0001) and cognitive flexibility (p<0001) of the children with reading learning disability. According to the results of the present study it can be concluded that cognitive- non motor rehabilitation can be used an effective method to improve working memory and cognitive flexibility of the children with reading learning disability through influencing cortex and applying purposeful cognitive-motor exercises.

Previous studies have advanced our understanding of the impact of executive functions on eating behavior. Given the considerable evidence of executive dysfunction among obese individuals and the bidirectional relationship between cognition and obesity, it is crucial to include educational components in interventions aimed at enhancing executive functions among obese populations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive hypnotherapy in improving executive functions among women with obesity.

This clinical trial enrolled 30 obese women who were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group (n=15). The mean ages of the experimental and control groups, respectively, were 40.80±6.02 and 38.47±7.50 years, while their BMIs (kg/m2) were 33.45±3.50 and 33.12±3.47, and hypnotizability scores were 39.67±5.98 and 37.40±7.09. The intervention group received 12 sessions of 2-hour cognitive hypnotherapy. Data collection instruments included the Stanford Hypnosis Susceptibility Scale (1962), Life Experiences, Interests and Values Checklist (1998), and Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (2013).

The results demonstrated that cognitive hypnotherapy significantly improved executive functions (F=7.02, P≤0.01), including inhibitory control and selective attention (F=2.83, P≤0.05), decision making (F=4.13, P≤0.05), planning (F=3.32, P≤0.05), and sustained attention (F=2.83, P≤0.05) in the intervention group.

Given the relationship between cognitive abilities, eating behaviors, and obesity, and the effectiveness of cognitive hypnotherapy in enhancing executive functions, this approach can be used to enhance cognitive functions among individuals with obesity.

The purpose of the present study was to provide a structural model of academic dishonesty based on the emotional atmosphere of the family and spiritual intelligence with the mediation of academic self-concept in students. The descriptive-correlation research method was path analysis. The statistical population of the research was all the male students of the second secondary level of Khorram Abad city in the academic year of 2021-2022 300 of them were selected and studied by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, a dishonesty questionnaire (ADQ, Khamsan and Amiri, 2013), a family emotional atmosphere questionnaire (FPQ . Hillburn, 1964), a spiritual intelligence questionnaire (SIQ, Abdollahzadeh et al., 2017), and an academic self-concept questionnaire (ASQ, Chen and Thomson, 2004) were used to collect data. The findings showed that there was no significant direct effect between the emotional atmosphere of the family and academic dishonesty (p<0.05). There is a statistically significant relationship between the emotional atmosphere of the family and academic self-concept (p<0.01), and there is a significant direct effect between spiritual intelligence and academic self-concept with academic adjustment (p<0.01). In addition, there was a significant indirect effect between spiritual intelligence and academic dishonesty through the mediation of academic self-concept (p<0.05), and there was a significant indirect effect between the emotional atmosphere of the family and academic dishonesty through the mediation of academic self-concept (p<0.05). The final model also had a good fit. From the above findings, it can be concluded that academic self-concept plays a mediating role between the emotional atmosphere of the family and spiritual intelligence with the academic dishonesty of students.

 Eating disorder is a common disorder that has not received much psychological treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of schema therapy on food craving، attentional bias to food، and cognitive flexibility in people with eating disorder. 

 This study was an experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The population of this study consisted of 40 persons with eating disorder who were purposefully selected using Gormal Eating Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire and clinical interview based on DSM-5 criteria. Subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Pre-test was performed using craving questionnaire، cognitive flexibility questionnaire and researcher-made attentional bias assessment tool. The intervention consisted of 10 sessions of schema therapy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software and MANCOVA method. 

 The results of this study showed that schema therapy had a significant effect on attentional bias، cognitive flexibility and food craving in people with overeating. The results remained stable at the 45-day follow-up after the posttest. 

 Based on the results، it can be concluded that schema therapy can be used as an effective treatment method in people with binge eating disorder.

Obesity has become an epidemic on a global scale in recent decades. The effect of psychological factors on eating behaviors should be considered weight loss interventions.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cognitive hypnotherapy on coping self-efficacy and adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation in obese women.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, a control group and follow-up that was conducted on obese women in Ahvaz in 2020. Forty women were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data collection tools were Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Checklist for Utilizing Life Experience, Interest & Values, Chesney et al.'s (2006), Coping Self-Efficacy Scale and Garnefski et al.'s (2001) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. MANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS-25 were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that cognitive hypnotherapy increased the participants coping self-efficacy (F=29.73, P≥0.001) and this effect continued until the follow-up period (F=6.43, P≥0.03). It did not have a significant effect on adaptive strategies, but it created a significant difference in maladaptive strategies in the follow-up despite its lack of significance in the post-test (F=4.47, P≥0.01).

The results revealed that the use of cognitive hypnotherapy is an effective method to increase coping self-efficacy and reduce maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in women with obesity and can be used to improve the psychological problems of these people.

Attention–Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a significant public and clinical health problem because of its many consequences, such as financial costs, family stress, academic and occupational challenges, and low self–esteem. A child with ADHD increases the parents' stress and psychological problems in the family. Because the mothers interact more with these children, they are likely to be most affected by the situation and are particularly at risk of psychological harm. Therefore, in addition to targeting the disorder's symptoms in the child, therapeutic interventions are needed for parents' problems, especially mothers. Considering the importance of reducing stress in mothers of children with ADHD, empowering them to face the challenges of parenting, and improving self–compassion as a preventive factor against psychological problems, this research aimed to study the efficacy of metacognitive therapy on parenting stress and self–compassion in mothers with ADHD.

This research is a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and follow–up design with a control group. The study population consisted of all mothers of children aged 6–8 years with ADHD living in Falavarjan City, Isfahan Province, Iran. The study setting was Falavarjan education counseling and psychological centers and was conducted in 2019. A total of 30 mothers were selected through a convenience sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to two groups (experimental=15, control=15). The inclusion criteria were having children diagnosed with ADHD by at least one clinical psychologist and a child psychiatrist. The mother's unwillingness to cooperate was the exclusion criterion. The study tools used in the pretest, posttest, and follow–up were the Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1990) and Self–Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003). The experimental group received eight 90–min sessions of metacognitive therapy, whereas the control group received no intervention. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test) in SPSS software version 22. To compare demographic information, the independent two–sample t test and Mann–Whitney U test were used. The significance level of the tests was set at 0.05.

The results showed the significant effect of the group on parenting stress (p=0.028) and self–compassion (p=0.021). The effect of time on parenting stress (p<0.001) and self–compassion (p<0.001) was significant, too. Also, the effect of time and group interaction on parenting stress (p<0.001) and self–compassion (p<0.001) was significant. There was a significant difference in the parenting stress variable between the pretest with posttest and follow–up stages (p<0.001). Regarding the self–compassion variable, a significant difference was observed between the pretest, posttest (p=0.028), and follow–up (p=0.005) results. There was a significant difference between the posttest and follow–up stages regarding the parenting stress (p<0.001), but no significant difference was observed between the posttest and follow–up (p=0.175) regarding the self–compassion variable, indicating the persistence of the intervention in the follow–up stage.

The results showed that metacognitive therapy reduces parenting stress and increases self–compassion in mothers with ADHD children. This treatment can be used as an effective intervention to improve psychological competencies in these parents.

One of the chronic diseases is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is a chronic and progressive disease that affects patients' quality of life. The disease has a slow course of development and weakens the immune system. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of AIDS. It is a group of retroviruses that invade and disrupt the cells of the immune system and cause fatal infections. Human immunodeficiency viruses are HIV1 and HIV2, which are cytopathic viruses. HIV–infected people develop symptoms such as fever, sweating, tremor, lymph node swelling, weakness and fatigue, weight loss, chronic diarrhea, blindness, excessive fatigue, and CD4 loss. The infected people are susceptible to AIDS. It can cause various cancers, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer, and lymphoma. AIDS can lead to the involvement of neurological problems and may cause early symptoms of central nervous system failure, depression, forgetfulness, lack of concentration, loss of consciousness, apathy, and decreased desire to have sex and may cause confusion, balance disorder, convulsions, advanced dementia, and coma. AIDS can adversely affect all aspects of life, including physical, social, and family life, and even the family members of these patients may be affected. AIDS is a social and medical issue with widespread negative consequences and challenges. It also poses many negative challenges to individuals' and social lives and undermines social and economic growth worldwide, although its negative consequences cannot be reverted. Iranian researchers found that in infected patients, CD4 cell counts of less than 200 cells per microliter were likely to be infections of the lungs, pulmonary tuberculosis, and brain toxoplasmosis, so cell counts should be performed regularly. The researchers found that as predictors of neuronal hormone factors in developing norepinephrine HIV, depression, hopelessness, and avoidant coping significantly reduced CD4 and increased viral load in patients. Also, cortisol hormone correlated with CD4 count. It may not, but it can predict increased viral load. However, there are different conclusions about the impact of exercise on CD4. Researchers have suggested exercise training in health services to improve the mental health of women with AIDS and found that exercise did not affect CD4 count. Considering the importance of HIV and AIDS, this research investigated the effect of cognitive–behavioral group therapy and mindfulness–based cognitive therapy on improving the quality of life and increasing CD4 count in HIV/AIDS patients.

The present study was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population includes HIV/AIDS patients referring to Ahvaz Behavioral Counseling Center, Ahvaz City, Iran, in 2019. They were selected by convenience sampling. The sample consisted of three groups of 15 randomly assigned to three groups: cognitive–behavioral therapy, mindfulness–based cognitive therapy, and control group. After implementing a pretest on the cognitive–behavioral and mindfulness groups, the experimental intervention was administered in 8 sessions for one hour and a half one session per week. Quality of Life Scale, CD4 index, and Demographic Factor Questionnaire were used for data collection. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used for data analysis in SPSS.22 software.

The findings showed a statistically significant difference between the three groups of cognitive–behavioral, mindfulness, and control in terms of quality–of–life components (F=8.03, p<0.0001) and CD4 (F=13.85, p<0.0001). These findings suggest that mindfulness therapy is more effective than cognitive–behavioral therapy in improving the quality of life and CD4 of HIV/AIDS patients.

Our study shows that cognitive–behavioral therapy and mindfulness improve the quality of life and CD4 index of AIDS patients, but mindfulness–based cognitive therapy has a greater impact on improving the quality of life and CD4 of AIDS patients.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of Meaning of life in the relationship between depression, emotional atmosphere in the family, and suicidal ideation in drug-dependent women. The research method was applied and descriptive-correlational. The target population was all drug-addicted women in Ahvaz and the number of available samples was 180. According to the available sampling method, 149 subjects were finally included in the study. In the present study, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data, skewness and elongation were used to determine the normality of the data, and path analysis was employed to evaluate the proposed model. The research instruments were Suicide Thought Questionnaire (SIS) by Mohammadifar et al. (2005), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Hillburn Family Emotional Questionnaire (FEA), and Stiger and Oshi's Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ). SPSS 25 and AMOS 25 software were used. In the proposed model, the variables of suicidal ideation were considered as criterion variables and the variables of family emotional atmosphere and depression were considered as predictor variables. The results show that in the hypothesized model, all direct paths to suicidal ideation, except for family emotional atmosphere, were significant at the p<0.01 level. Indirect pathways were also significant with suicidal ideation through the meaning of life as a mediator variable. Based on the results of the study, the proposed model of the relationship between depression and emotional atmosphere of the family mediated by the meaning of life and suicidal ideation has a good fit, and this model is very important to identify effective factors in suicidal ideation of drug addicted women.

The family provides a loving and supportive environment for family members. If a family becomes involved with internal conflict, distortion, and violence between individuals, it loses its status as an emotional-psychological base for its members. In this regard, marital conflict is one of the problems that families face all over the world. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based schema therapy and short-term solution-based therapy on psychological well-being and flexibility-action in women with marital conflict. The statistical population of this study included all women referring to psychological centers in Ahvaz in 2019 that 45 women were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), Psychological Well-Being (PWB), and Action Flexibility (CD-RIS) questionnaires were used to collect data. The present study was an experimental field study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The first experimental group received emotion-based schema therapy intervention (twelve 120-minutes sessions) and the second experimental group received short-term solution-based therapy (six 120-minutes sessions), and the control group did not receive any intervention. The results showed that both therapeutic interventions were effective in increasing psychological well-being and action flexibility in women with marital conflict who were referred to psychological centers. However, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapies on psychological well-being and functional flexibility in the respondents. Therefore, it is possible to use emotion-based therapy schema and short-term solution-based therapies to increase psychological well-being and flexibility of action in these women.

The death of a loved one is one of the most common stressful events. There are certain complexities to accepting it, especially in the case of children. The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Drama Therapy and Music Therapy on loneliness, anxiety, and children with grief referred to Ahvaz clinics.

The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest, posttest with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the present study included all children with grief referred to psychological clinics in Ahvaz during the fourth 4 months in 2018 with 93 children. A total of 45 girls and boys aged 9 to 12 years with symptoms of grief of one of the other attachment figures (such as mother or father) were selected and purposefully selected. Then, they were randomly selected by lottery in the drama-therapy, music-therapy and control groups (15 children in each group). Research data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, "Children's Loneliness Scale" and "Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children". Content validity and reliability by internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. Then for the subjects of the experimental groups, 12 sessions of 90 minutes of Drama Therapy and 15 sessions of 45 minutes of Music Therapy (two sessions per week for each group) were performed and no intervention was performed for the control group. One month later, the follow-up was performed. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS. 23.

There is a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the two variables of loneliness and anxiety, both in the post-test stage and in the follow-up stage. Also, there is no significant difference between the two groups of Music Therapy and Drama Therapy in the variables loneliness and anxiety after the test and follow-up. Therefore, both intervention groups were effective in reducing loneliness and anxiety in children with grief (P<0.01).

Both Drama Therapy and Music Therapy reduced loneliness and anxiety in children with grief. It is suggested that the above two therapies be used to help the psychological problems of children with grief.

Improving the parent-child relationship through appropriate interventions has an effective role in reducing emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of "Parent Management Training" and "Group Schema Therapy" for Parents on academic motivation and oppositional defiant of their teenage children with conduct disorder.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all parents of adolescent girls and boys 13to 16 years old with conduct disorder in Ahvaz in the academic year 2020. Using the convenience sampling method, 60 of them were selected and one of their parents was randomly divided by random number table into two intervention groups and one the control group (20 people in each group). Demographic questionnaire, "Academic Motivation Scale" and "Oppositional Defiant Behavior Inventory" were used to collect data. The validity of the instruments was reported based on the content validity by qualitative method and the reliability by Kappa agreement coefficient method and internal consistency method by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient. The intervention groups (parents) underwent "Parental Management Training" (9 sessions of 60 minutes) and "Group Schema Therapy” (8 sessions of 90 minutes), but the control group did not receive any intervention. The questionnaires were completed by their teenage children in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. 22.

Both “Parent Management Training" and "Group Schema Therapy" interventions in parents were effective in increasing academic motivation and reducing oppositional defiant in their teenage children with conduct disorder (P <0.01). Also, “Parent Management Training" has a greater effect on increasing the academic motivation of their teenage children with conduct disorder than "Group Schema Therapy" (P <0.01).

“Parent Management Training" and "Group Schema Therapy" to parents are effective interventions to increase academic motivation and reduce the oppositional defiant in adolescents with conduct disorder. To improve the academic performance of these adolescents, the implementation of the mentioned interventions on their parents is recommended.

Little attention has been paid to the impairment of executive functions (EF) in depression disorders when evaluating the effectiveness of therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of two important therapies of behavioral therapy approach, namely therapy based on Behavioral Activation Therapy (BA) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the three executive function components of inhibition, learning rules, and flexibility in patients with depression.

This research was quasi-experimental field research with a pre-posttest and control group with a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of all clients diagnosed with depression in the psychology and counseling centers of Ahvaz in 2019. Forty-five of them were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. To collect the data Tower Test and Word Context Test of D-KEFS were used.

The results showed that ACT and BA significantly improve the learning of rules, inhibition, and mental flexibility of subjects with depression immediately after treatment. However, the effectiveness of BA on learning the rules and inhibition was significantly higher than ACT. In the follow-up phase, only the effectiveness of BA on the two components of rule learning and inhibition remained stable, and ACT did not retain its effectiveness on any of the components of EF after a two-month period.

Considering the different range of intensity and duration of effect of BA and ACT on different EF components of patients with depression, our findings can be useful for selecting and designing the most appropriate treatment approach according to the needs of each patient.

Conflict in marital relationships is a common problem and extensive therapeutic interventions have been suggested to reduce them and increase marital adjustment. The purpose of this study was to the comparison of the effectiveness of schema mode therapy and emotionally focused couple therapy on marital adjustment in couples with marital conflict.

This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all couples with marital conflict who refer to Ahvaz counseling centers in year 2019, using a purposive sampling method, 45 couple were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (each group of 15 couples). To collect data marital adjustment of Spanir (1986) questionnaire were used. The experimental groups underwent individual schema mode therapy training (12 sessions 120 minutes) and emotionally focused couple therapy training (14 sessions 90 minutes), but the control group received no training. Data were analyzed by analysis of Covariance Analysis in SPSS-19 software.

The changes in the intervention groups compared to the control group in assessment steps was significantly different (P≤0.05) in marital adjustment (F = 6.011, P = 0.001) and about 22% of the observed differences in the marital adjustment variable are due to group membership (interventions). Benfroni subordinate test was used to compare these changes over time. Changes between pretest with posttest, pretest with follow-up and posttest with follow-up were significant only in the intervention groups (P≤0.05). Also, Benfroni subordinate test for pairwise comparison of groups showed that there is no significant difference between the experimental groups(p>0.05); But there is a significant difference between each of the experimental groups with the control group (P≤0.05).

The results showed that both schema mode therapy and emotionally focused couple therapy were effective to increasing marital adjustment in couples with marital conflict (p<0.05) and the results showed that there was significant difference in favor of emotionally focused couple therapy between the effectiveness of schema mode therapy and emotionally focused couple therapy on increasing marital adjustment in couples with marital conflict (p<0.05).

The results indicate that both schema mode therapy and emotionally focused couple therapy were effective in increasing marital adjustment in couples with marital conflict. Therefore, it is recommended that therapists and family counselors use these therapies along with other therapeutic interventions to increase marital adjustment and reduce marital conflict.

Aim and Background:

Increasing the age of marriage of young people, biological celibacy and the problems of late marriage, especially for girls, is an issue that must be addressed seriously. In particular, it creates a variety of psychological and social problems for single people. The aim of this study was to develop a gender justice training package based on religious teachings and its effectiveness on psychological capital and the gender role schema of girls with delayed marriage.

Methods and Materials:

The design consisted of two parts, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative part, the inference was analytical and in the quantitative part, it was experimental and pre-test-post-test with the control group. The statistical population included single girls (45-30 years old) referring to mental health centers in Tehran. Thirty people were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people (experimental and control groups). The members of the experimental group underwent a researcher-made training package on gender justice based on group religious teachings for 8 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools included the psychological capital questionnaire of Vetanz et al., Bam gender schemas. Research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that gender justice education based on group religious teachings was effective in increasing psychological capital and improving the gender role schemas of girls with delayed marriage (p<.001).

It seems that the need to apply gender justice based on religious teachings in order to improve the psychological capital and gender role schemas of girls with delayed marriage.