امین باقی زاده

Basil is a medicinal herb and also a vegetable. Water and soil salinity is one of the major non-living stresses that reduce the growth and productivity of agricultural products all over the world. More than 800 million hectares of land around the world are saline and alkaline. In this experiment, five genotypes of basil (Iranian purple, black, ablaq, green and fiery red) were used as a split plot based on a completely random design with three replications, the main factor of which is salt stress at three levels (normal, medium stress and severe stress). and sub-factor including genotype (5 levels) were studied in pots and under greenhouse conditions in the crop year of 2023 in Kerman University of Advanced Education. The results showed that all the basil cultivars had the ability to withstand the salinity stress of 75 mM sodium chloride (moderate stress) and the values of vegetative and physiological characteristics were slightly reduced compared to the control treatment in such a way that no significant difference was observed in many cases. Application of salinity stress with the intensity of 135 mM sodium chloride (severe stress) caused the vegetative and physiological characteristics of all basil cultivars to decrease significantly and also at this stress level, the fiery basil cultivar was completely destroyed. In general, it can be stated that the basil cultivars used are highly sensitive to the level of more than 75 mM of salinity stress, and under salinity conditions, their vegetative and physiological characteristics are significantly reduced.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is one of the most important medicinal as well as vegetables plants that are cultivated and consumed worldwide One of the essential aspects of plant breeding programs is to study the correlation between DNA polymorphisms and phenotypic trait diversity. The purpose of this research is to investigate the genetic diversity of five basil cultivars under drought stress conditions using SCoT markers and traits, and also to analyze the relationship between traits and markers by stepwise regression. In this research, five basil genotypes were studied under drought stress in the form of a split plot based on a completely randomized design with three replications in pots and under greenhouse conditions. The main plot included drought stress in two levels (normal and drought stress) and the sub plot factor included genotype (5 levels) and their morphological and physiological traits were evaluated. Also, their genomic DNA was extracted from the leaves, and the genotypic diversity of the genotypes was investigated based on eight SCoT primers, and finally, the relationship between the traits and markers was determined by stepwise regression. Correlation of traits in two conditions showed that leaf yield had a positive and significant correlation with traits of plant height and total chlorophyll. The percentage of trait changes under stress conditions showed that root length, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll traits had the greatest decrease and cluster analysis based on them placed the genotypes in three groups and the traits in three groups. Eight primers amplified a total of 101 polymorphic bands and ScoT1 produced the most bands with 17 polymorphic bands. Cluster analysis by UPGMA and dice similarity criterion based on SCoT data were placed five basil genotypes in three groups. The results of regression analysis showed that in normal and drought stress conditions, 15 and 12 markers (alleles) had a significant relationship with the studied traits, respectively. Selection based on molecular markers provides a rapid method for breeding programs. The obtained genetic information of markers in this study showed their important role. Therefore, in addition to traits, it is possible to select superior genotypes and high value populations in breeding programs. The findings showed that certain markers are associated with multiple traits and emphasized the critical importance of this trait in plant breeding for simultaneous improvement of multiple traits. Insights from this study on markers have potential for application in breeding programs.

Basil is a medicinal plant as well as a vegetable, and its economic importance is due to its use in health and pharmaceutical industries. Also, moisture stress (water scarcity) is one of the environmental factors leading to a decrease in the yield of any plant. In this study, the effect of moisture stress on the morphological and physiological traits of basil medicinal plant was evaluated as a split plot experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the greenhouse. The results of variance analysis showed a significant difference at the probability level of 1% for the moisture stress effect as well as the genotype effect. The moisture stress × genotype interaction effect was significant for all traits, which means that the genotypes have shown different reactions under moisture stress. The moisture stress caused a significant decrease in most traits while it increased leaf proline. The highest accumulation of proline with an average of 0.0041 mg per gram of fresh weight was related to the Red Rubins basil variety under no-stress conditions and then the Iranian green basil variety with an average of 0.0029 mg per gram of fresh weight under medium moisture stress conditions. The maximum amount of growth characteristics (leaf length, number of leaves, leaf yield and shoot weight) was related to Iranian purple basil cultivar under without moisture stress conditions. Also, the genotype of Iranian green basil can be further investigated in future breeding programs due to its greater tolerance to moisture stress conditions.

In view of limitation of water resources in Iran, screening drought-tolerant watermelon genotypes and evaluate their response to drought stress conditions has been a research priority in country. In order to study the physiologic an agronomic response of indigenous accessions of Aliabad, Sistani and Torbat to water stress, a field study was carried out as a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement of treatments under three water regimes, 100, 70 and 40% of required water, representing non-stress, mild stress and severe stress treatments, respectively, at Jiroft region in the spring and summer of 2017 growing seasons. The highest fruit weight and yield were at 100 and 70% required water whereas the lowest was achieved at 40% treatment. There were no remarkable differences among accessions under non-stress and 70% required water treatments while Sistani accession showed a better physiological and agronomic yield in response to increase water stress level to 40% required water. The increase of water stress led to an increase of proline concentration and activity of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase and catalase in all accessions, as this increase was higher in Sistani in comparison to other accessions. Based on the results obtained from this research, it could be state that Sistani accession with maintaining its physiological and agronomic yield showed a better tolerant under adverse condition in compared to other accessions. The utilization of indigenous and tolerant watermelon genotypes in breeding programs and irrigation managements might help in overcoming water shortage.

Drought stress is one of the most important environmental stresses in Iran. Teucrium polium is a medicinal plant from family of lamiaceae that grows in the rocky regions of Europe and southwestern Asia, including Iran.

In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on Tulip plants, an experimental design was designed in a completely randomized design and performed in a pot with three replications. Treatments of 100, 70 and 40% of field capacity were applied, essential oil was collected by Clevenger apparatus and essential oil was analyzed and identified by GC / MS apparatus.

By analyzing the essential oil, it was found that this plant is rich in antibacterial metabolites such as beta-pinene and beta-carbophylline, which are of great importance in pharmacy. Also, the plant cultivar resists drought stress by using some drought tolerance mechanisms such as increasing root length, increasing proline and protein. Therefore, it is a very suitable medicinal plant for planting in dry and waterlogged areas of Iran.

Medicinal plants, as important agricultural products, can be considered as the greatest national wealth for any country because of their vital role in promoting national goals for health and also as genetic treasures. Having a diversity of climates, Iran has a great variety of medicinal plants. Detecting the growth status of medicinal plants under drought stress conditions can lead to the cultivation of resistant plants in dry or semidry areas. In the present study, we investigated the morphological and physiological responses of ten ecotypes of the medicinal plant Teucrium polium L. native to southeastern Iran under drought stress. For this purpose, a factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, moisture treatments of 100, 70, and 40% of field capacity were applied. Analysis of the data showed that the morphological traits under study including stem length and fresh and dry weight of shoots decreased by 5% with increasing drought stress. Drought stress also increased root length, proline content, and phenolic compounds while decreasing chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and protein contents. The highest resistance to stress was shown by ecotypes growing in Sarcheshmeh and Kuhpayeh regions and the lowest resistance was shown by plants in Shahdad and Anbarabad regions. The results of the study indicated the relative resistance of this plant to drought stress. Therefore, it is a very suitable medicinal plant for cultivation in dry and low water areas of Iran. Among the studied ecotypes, the plants of Sarcheshmeh and Kuhpayeh regions responded 40% better to drought stress conditions and cultivation of these ecotypes in stressed areas can be recommended with more confidence.

In order to assess the response of ajowan to drought stress that induced by PEG 6000 on germination and growth stages, two separate experiments that in each useed completely randomized design with three replications were done. In first experiment, the response of germination of ajowan seeds was investigated to different levels of drought stress include osmotic potential of zero (control), - 1.5, -2, -2.5 and -3bar that prepared by PEG6000. The second experiment was same first, but in this experiment, morphological and physiological characters of ajowan in different level of drought stress were evaluated. Results of Anova at our data showed that drought stress has significant effect (p≤0/01) on germination characters such as germination percentage, germination rate, height of plumule, length of radicle, dry weight of radicle and plumule. Mean comparison of treatments showed, with increase in drought stress, all the above characters have been reduced. Morphological traits such as leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and shoot dry weight ratio to root decreased under drought stress.

Table grapes are of important horticultural crops being cultured in many countries. Callus production in grape can be conducted for micropropagation by embryogenesis, gene transferring and secondary metabolites production. In this study the effects of some chemical factors were investigated on grape callus proliferation. In first experiment, the effects of different culture medium (MS, WPM and B5) and different concentrations of NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mgl-1) and Kinetin (1, 2 and 3 mgl-1) were investigated in a factorial completely randomized design. Also in another experiments the effects of different macroelement salts including NH4NO3, KNO3, CaCl2.2H2O, MgSO4.7H2O and KH2PO4 (at 1, 1.25, 1.5 and 2 times MS medium) and also the effect of different carbohydrate sources (white sugar, grade sucrose and brown sugar) and their concentrations (20, 30 and 40 gl-1) were investigated in a completely randomized design (CRD). The highest callus fresh weight (12.31 g) was obtained from T7 treatment (MS medium with0.5 mg -1NAAand2 mg-1 Kin). Results also indicated that increasing MgSO4.7H2O and NH4NO3 (1.25 and 1.5 times), and also CaCl2.2H2O (1.5 and 2 times) concentrations results in the highest callus fresh weight. Also, results showed that the use of 30 gl-1 brown sugar resulted in the highest callus fresh weight.

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic environmental stresses and is one of the most important factors in reducing the growth and yield of crops including wheat. Wheat is one of the most important crops in Iran and Wheat peloid levels are an important source of excellent genes, and it is highly desirable to study these species for use in breeding activities. Diploid wheat has 27 different species, among them T. boeticum is the most widespread type of wild wheat being distributed in the cold semi-western regions of the country. This study was conducted in 2009 at Graduate University of Advanced Technology on two different genotypes of T. boeticum wheat, which belongs to Kurdistan and Lorestan of Iran. The seeds of these wheat were cultured in the winter of 2018 as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications and statistically analyzed at two levels of salinity stress of 0 and 125 mM. The results of analysis of variance of traits including photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, proteins, phenols, proline, ionic leakage, relative humidity, hydrogen peroxide, root length, some antioxidant enzymes and measurement of sodium and potassium showed that There is a significant difference between the genotype levels and salinity stress levels as well as the interactions between the two treatments in terms of the studied traits.

The process of producing nanomaterials involves the procurement of ingredients, the production of nanomaterials on commercial scale, and their use in many fields of medicine, health, agriculture, pharmacy, chemistry, and so on.

Economical and green production of gold nanoparticles with sizes less than 20 nm by evening primrose seed extract under the influence of effective and optimized environmental factors is one of the main objectives of this study.

Extract of evening primrose seeds were prepared by Ultrasonic-assisted extraction. HAuCl4 solution was prepared in 1 mM and after adding to the extract plant with a specific concentration ratio and pH adjustment, the samples were incubated for a specified period. From the prepared samples, 16 samples were selected and used according to the Taguchi orthogonal array and using Minitab18 software.

The results show that among the 16 proposed recommendations based on the Taguchi method, the concentration of 200: 400 μL of gold chloride to the plant extract, pH=10, temperature of 50 °C and 24 hours are the optimum levels of each factor. The optimal sample for spectral and microscopic analysis of the Fourier Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential (ZP) and transient electron microscopy (TEM) was investigated. The results of TEM shows that the size of synthesized nanoparticles by are between 2-10 nm.

biosynthesis of GNPs by EP seed extract using Taguchi method is cost effective, less time-consuming and successful.

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that can affect the yield of wheat. It is important to study the mechanisms of tolerance to salinity in crops and their ancestors. The purpose of this project was to investigate the responsive protein spots to salt stress in tolerant population. In this research, five diploid wheat population of T. boeoticum (A1, A10, B3, B4, C5) were grown in greenhouse as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Salinity was applied at two levels of zero and 150 mM. Then, the traits of shoot and root height, fresh and dry shoot weights, chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids and total protein content were measured. Total protein was extracted using TCA / acetone method. The proteins were separated in the first dimension by isoelectric point using IPGs pH 4-7 followed by SDS-PAGE as the second dimension using molecular weight. The results of physiological data analysis showed that for fresh and dry shoot weights and total protein content, the interaction effect of the population*salinity was significant. For the two traits of fresh weight and total protein, the population of B4 had the highest average. Two-dimensional electrophoresis gel analysis revealed 205 repetitive spots. Out of these, 7 spots showed upregulation and 7 spots downregulation. Identified proteins include proteins involved in the cell wall, photosynthesis, energy metabolism, chromatin-related proteins, chaperones, proteolytic, in the removal of reactive oxygen species, in repairing damaged proteins and in the transmission of the message. These results can be used to improve wheat cultivars.

TGF β1 is a multifunctional protein that is involved in several biological processes. This protein is initially synthesized as 390 amino acids biologically inactive latent precursor that prior to binding to the TGF β receptors; undergo proteolytic cleavage, to separate mature form of TGF-β1 from its propeptide. The mature form of this protein comprise of the C-terminal 112 amino acids from its precursor. In this study, the potential of two agrobacterium GV3101 and GV3101 (pMP90RK) strains were first investigated for the transformation of Nicotiana benthamiana with pTRAkc-ERH expression vector by creating the pTRAkc/CJG138 (including GFP) as a control construct. The results were analyzed by western blot technique and confocal imaging. Then, in order to transient expression of TGF β1 from its precursor sequence in the tobacco plant, recombinant pTRAkc/ DCF6 and pTRAkc/ DCF7 constructs (containing endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (SEKEDL) and the lacking of this sequence, respectively) were designed and generated. Tobacco plants agro-infiltrated with these constructs alone or in combination with another recombinant construct; harbouring the coding sequence for Furin protease. Results showed that the both of these constructs were successfully expressed in tobacco plants. However, more efficient processing of TGF β1 precursor in infiltrated plants with pTRAkc/ DCF7 construct show that the accumulation of TGF β1 precursor in endoplasmic reticulum prevent to its processing. In addition, in this research was revealed that a Furin-like cleavage between the mature TGF β1 and its propeptide does not occur in N. benthamiana.

Drought stress causes oxidative damages to the macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Two of compounds which has antioxidative characteristic is Salicylic acid (SA) and ascorbic acid (As) can decrease drought effects in plants under stress. In recent research, we evaluated parameters such as; changes in activity of catalase and peroxidase and flavonoids in the Hibiscus esculentus L. under drought stress conditions. The results was showed that flavonoids and peroxidase activity increased compared to control under drought stress conditions. flavonoids and peroxidase activity decrease in plants were under Salicylic acid , ascorbic acid and both of them treatment. catalase activity in drought stress conditions decrease. catalase activity increased in plants were under Salicylic acid and ascorbic acid treatment. Based on our results, it seems that salicylic acid and ascorbic acid can regulate the amount of flavonoids and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase in order to reduce the oxidative stress caused by drought. Therefore, the use of these compounds in drought conditions is recommended.

In order to study genetic variation and effect of drought stress on grain yield, some agronomical traits and 13 drought tolerance indices, an experiment was conducted on nine cultivars at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman research field. The experimental layout was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications under two complementary irrigation and dryland conditions. Results indicated that cultivars and environment treatments significantly affect the yield and the most of the other evaluated traits. Significant reduction was found in grain yield, flag leaf area and seed weight as a result of the drought. According to the results of drought indices and cultivars distribution in biplot, STS, YI, HARM, STI, MP and GMP are the most suitable indices. According to these results, Mahdavi, Kavir and Roushan are tolerant drought cultivars. Therefore, these cultivars can be introduced as a right candidate for the next breeding programs.

In arid and semi-arid areas, water can be a limiting factor for plant growth and agricultural yields. Considering limited water resources in arid and semi-arid climate of Iran, deficit irrigation is one of the strategies for efficient use of water and increasing water use efficiency in agricultural lands. Deficit irrigation (DI) is a suitable solution to gain acceptable and economic performance by using minimum amount of water. The Partial Root- zone Drying (PRD) irrigation is a new improvement in deficit irrigation in which the half of the root zone is irrigated alternatively in scheduled irrigation events. The plants with PRD irrigation method can, therefore, have different root system in comparison with other irrigation methods. At this method the plant’s condition would be OK by withdrawing water from wet side, and the roots at the dry side can release abscisic acid hormone which decrease the stomatal conductance and consequently the water use efficiency would increase. Also, by using proper irrigation management in farm, we are able to utilize water, soil and fertilizer to produce high yield and quality products. Drip irrigation is considered one of the most efficient irrigation methods. One of the major advantages is its ability to apply water to the soil as often as desired and in smaller quantity than the other irrigation methods. Drip irrigation has been practiced for many years for its effectiveness in reducing soil surface evaporation and it has been widely used in horticultural crops in both greenhouse and open field.

In order to compare two deficit irrigation methods on plant growth characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis L., a field experiment was carried out during 2016 growing season at an experimental farm in Kerman Municipality seedling production station. The experimental treatments were arranged as randomized complete block design with three replications. The irrigation regimes consisted of full irrigation (FI-100), regulated deficit (RDI75 and RDI55) and partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD75 and PRD55). In this study, drip lines were placed on the soil surface at a distance of 15 cm from the plant and plant rows were placed between drip lines. The irrigation interval was 4 days for all treatments. In the full irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation treatments, the plants were irrigated from two sides for every irrigation. In the PRD, one of two neighboring drip line was alternatively used for irrigation. The irrigation interval was 4 days for all treatments. Dry weight, leaf area index (LAI), number of shoots, plant height, water productivity, root fresh weight, root depth and root volume were measured. Since the highest essential oil of rosemary is at 50 percent of flowering time, the above-mentioned indices were measured at the middle of flowering (190 days after planting) by removing the side rows in each replicate and half a meter from the beginning and end of each row. As a marginal effect, 10 plants were randomly selected and sampled from two middle rows, each replicate of each treatment. The harvested bushes were dried at 25 °C for three weeks and then the dried weight of the vegetative organs was measured. Moreover, the number of 10 plants selected from each treatment was accurately counted to determine the number of shoots. Data were analyzed statistically using SAS Statistical software. Treatment means were compared using LSD test.

The results showed that highest herbage dry weight (145.3 g) and leaf area index in different stages of growth were under full irrigation treatment in which no significant difference between this treatment and 75 percent water replacement in partial root zone drying was observed. The highest number of shoots (128.7) and plant height (68.4 cm) were also obtained by full irrigation treatment and there was significant difference between this treatment and other treatments. However, the highest water productivity (2.06 kg/m3), root fresh weight (3.8 g), root depth (16.4 cm) and root volume (2.4 cm3) were found in 75 percent water replacement in partial root zone drying.

According to the results, 75 percent water replacement in partial root zone drying irrigation treatments, in addition to saving water consumption, provides better use of soil moisture and sunlight. Thus, this treatment can be considered as a suitable approach to cope with the water crisis and achieve a sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: Drip irrigation, Drought stress, Leaf area index, Medicinal plant, Rosmarinus officinalis, Water productivity

Phosphorus, the most essential nutrient for plants, becomes quickly unavailable for the plants in the soil. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB( can play an important role in providing Phosphorus for plants. In this study, the PSBs were screened from plant rhizosphere by Pikovskaya method. Then, the growth rate and phosphate solubilizing ability of 9 superior strains were measured at different temperatures and levels of salinity and pH. The best strain was identified by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Finally, the genetic diversity of phosphate solubilizing strains were examined by RAPD markers. Results showed that 25 strains were capable of solubilizing insoluble phosphates among the 57 isolates studied. Of the nine superior strains, Cke1 had the highest solubilizing index with the average growth rate under all conditions and was introduced as the best PSB strain identified in the present study. 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis showed that this strain belonged to the Enterobacter genus. The results of genetic variation showed that all stains were divided into six groups and three strains that had the lowest similarity with other strains were placed in three separate groups. Given that Cke1 strain has the ability of solubilizing the insoluble phosphate in different stresses, it can be a good candidate for providing phosphorus at temperatures of 30 and 35 °C, 1.2% and 1.8% salinity levels and pH levels of 6 and 8 for the crops.

Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) is considered as one of the most important cereals in the field of world production. Water stress due to water shortages and its various forms is one of the main and most common limiting factors of crop yield, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Therefore, in corn, identification, selection and use of tolerant cultivars against drought stress in order to prevent the reduction of crop yield is considered as one of the most important and essential issues in breeding programs. In order to design and implement an effective and useful program, knowledge of the genetic control of the studied traits is essential the impact of environmental factors and the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Among different methods of genetic analysis of quantitative traits, diallel analysis using Hayman method as an appropriate and efficient method for estimating the genetic structure of the populations in the relatively short time was considered by plant breeders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the gene effects, heritability and the control of yield and its components in drought stress conditions compared to normal conditions in corn. In order to select suitable breeding methods and take an effective step in the production of high yielding maize cultivars. Materials and methods In order to estimate the gene action and heritability of important agronomic traits, five S7 maize lines in a 5×5 half-diallel cross with F1 hybrids derived from them in a randomized complete block design with two replications in two normal conditions (irrigation intervals of 5 days) and drought stress (10 days irrigation) were cultivated at the Research Farm of Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran in 2017. Number of ear, grain number per row, grain row number, grain number per ear, ear length, 100-grain weight and grain yield per plant were evaluated in two conditions. The graphical analysis was carried out using the Hayman method and genetic parameters including additive variance (D), non-additive variance (H1 and H2) and covariance of additive with dominance effects (F) were also estimated by Hayman's proposed regression method. In order to carry out the diallel analyzes by Hayman method in two normal and drought stress conditions and combined analysis of variance was used SAS command. Results and discussion Combined analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes, environment and genotype×environment interaction for all studied traits, indicating the genetic differences between lines and corn hybrids. The simple effect of a for all traits, except for the number of ear and its interaction with the environment, was significant for all traits except number of ear, grain number per row and grain yield per plant which showed that additive effects play a role in controlling these traits and showed a different behavior in the two environments. The simple component b, which includes non-additive effects, was significant for all traits, and its interaction with the environment was also significant for all traits. The significance of the interaction between a and b effects with the environment indicates the difference in the type of additive and non-additive genes in both normal and drought stress conditions. Generally, the gene type for controlling traits and their gene action, potential of dominance and recessive genes in parents, and additive and dominance effects were different for most studied traits of this research in both normal and drought stress conditions. The graphical results of Hayman's analysis showed the role of over-dominance genes effects in controlling most traits in normal and drought stress conditions. Conclusions The results of this study showed that although genes with both additive and non-additive effects played a role in controlling the traits, the contribution of each of these effects was different in controlling each of the traits. Also, the control of these traits was different in both normal and drought stress conditions, and the genes controlling these traits differed from environment to environment. The results of narrow sense heritability and Hayman graphic analysis of traits showed that these traits were controlled by the non-additive gene effects. Therefore, it can be said that in order to breed and improve the genetic value of the population for these traits (yield and its components), the selection method will not be very successful, but it should use the phenomenon of heterosis and crossed the parents to produce hybrids.

Study of biochemical reactions of wheat cultivars to salinity stress can lead to identification of effective mechanisms for salinity tolerance. To determine the ion distribution pattern in wheat, also the effects of salinity stress and ion distribution on grain yield, this study was carried out. This research was down in a factorial experiment with two levels of salinity and six tolerant and sensitive wheat cultivars in two replications at research field of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman on growing season of 2011-2012. The concentration of sodium (Na +), potassium (K +), magnesium (Mg2 +) ions and Na + / K + ratio in different tissues of the plant, including flag leaf, spike and root, and grain yield of each plant, were measured. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effects of salinity on the cultivars were significant in most of the traits. The concentration of sodium ions from the roots to the shoots was significantly decreased. With increasing salinity, K + concentration in root of all cultivars decreased significantly. Magnesium concentrations in leaf, spike and root decreased in salinity treatment compared to normal treatment. There was a significant difference between the cultivars in terms of Na+ / K+ ratio in all tissues and Moghan3 cultivar with the highest ratio in spike and root and Arta cultivar with the highest amount in flag leaf, were statistically in one group and other cultivars in the other group. According to the results of simple phenotypic correlation analysis, the sodium ion content in leaf, spike and root tissues had the highest and negative correlation with grain yield per plant. Regarding the reduction of wheat grain yield under salt stress conditions, ion distribution regulation in different ways, including selection of tolerant and resistant cultivars against ionic changes, can be effective in reducing the damage caused by salinity stress.