فهرست مطالب azadeh shahcheraghi

One of the prominent characteristics of Iranian architecture is the simultaneous presence of three types of open, semi-open and closed spaces. After the 1940s, due to the civility crisis, the dignity of the house was reduced to the lowest functional level. The loss of semi-open spaces such as a veranda or a spring was affected by this crisis. After that, an element called the balcony replaced these spaces, which today has become a problem for the facade of the building and the appearance of the city due to the lack of privacy, the appearance of a mistake in the interior space of the building, the unsuitable climatic location, and the small area and lack of practicalityThe facade, as the external shell of the building, is one of the important and effective elements on the aesthetics of the urban view. One of the main elements of the facade is the balcony, which has become the cause of visual confusion in neighborhoods and cities today. The purpose of this research is to observe how the residents use the balcony and how it affects the landscape of the neighborhood. This research is of qualitative-interpretive type, research strategy, case study and data collection was done by field method. In this research, 20 medium-rise residential buildings built in the 90s, consisting of 100 balconies, were selected in the Darya neighborhood of District 2, Tehran. how they were used by users was analyzed. The results of the research indicate that 36% of the balconies were left unchanged and and did not affect the facade of the building and the neighborhood. 18% of the balconies are closed by glass, 12% are placed on installations, 9% are closed by fences and guards, and 2% are used to store waste.

In encountering the environment, sensory perception is an innate precursor in constructing meaning, with climatic parameters being among its most crucial elements. Iranian traditional architecture, especially bazaar architecture, embodies a visual and sensory type of architecture that engages all human sensory stimuli through a process of sensory awareness and understanding, remarkably influencing the audience under the environment's impact. Typically, historical bazaar architecture in Iran is designed and constructed considering the regulation of environmental conditions. Particularly, incorporating compatible designs and utilizing indigenous materials against local climatic indicators can enhance sensory perception as a vital element in human-environment interaction and a prominent characteristic of this vernacular architecture. Iranian historical bazaar architecture draws inspiration from its people's history and culture and now serves as a multidimensional representation of this culture. This research aims to investigate the relationship between sensory perception and climatic parameters as a human experience of the environment in Iranian historical bazaar architecture, aiming to evaluate the connection between environmental features and individuals' sensory experience in these spaces, providing a better understanding of the impact of location's climatic conditions on users' experience in Iranian historical bazaar architecture. The current study employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, with the main research framework being descriptive-analytical. Moreover, data collection is conducted through documentary studies from library sources and fieldwork using questionnaire surveys and analysis using a combined model of "DEMATEL" and "ANP", along with software such as "SPSS", and "SUPER DECISIONS." The research findings indicate that variables such as "creating connections," "forms", "creating diversity in customer experience" and "access routes", are among the most prominent variables interacting with interpretations in Iranian historical bazaar architecture. The final research result also suggests four variables: "access routes," "ease of movement", "interactive spaces", and "navigable architecture (Iranian)", in presenting variables of "paths and ways", focusing on interaction with interpretations of Iranian historical bazaar architecture due to sensory perception and climatic parameters. Thus, sensory perception in Iranian historical bazaar architecture is the result of the mutual influence and interaction between climatic parameters, shaping the psychological experience of the environment.

The desirability of a space depends on the level of users’ satisfaction with that environment. A person’s satisfaction with the environment also depends on providing different levels of his personal and social needs. Several factors contribute to creating a more negative hospital experience. The first reason is prioritizing the treatment process and clinical relationships between spaces in the process of designing and building hospitals. In this attitude, the hospital is on one side and its users are on the other, and there is no positive two-way interaction between them. The typical hospital designs in Iran are typographical, with a strong focus on spatial functionality and compatibility with the treatment process. However, this unintentionally leads to a non-human appearance, detracting from the overall human-centered environment of the hospital. The second problem is the passive position of the patient in the treatment spaces. Setting a specific range for patient presence and staff dependence, due to the nature of the disease and spatial design, places them in a position of passivity. This confines them to spending their hospitalization time solely within the hospital room and relying on assistance from others. This situation negatively impacts the individual’s identity and their social life. The third reason is the existence of fixed thinking and ideas about hospital spaces in the mentality of policymakers and designers. For example, in the public’s view, the idea of a bedroom is a general and fixed mentality, which usually manifests as a white room with standard sizes and no decorative elements. This is while all the environmental elements together create a general atmosphere that the patient mentally compares with home during the days of his presence. The absence of meaning in the inpatient ward space impacts the patient’s relationship with the environment, leading to feelings of unfamiliarity and discomfort, and ultimately causing stress due to the lack of alignment with the surroundings. The fourth reason is the lack of attention to the role of the quality of life related to the health of employees on the well-being of patients. Patients are significantly impacted by the attitudes of the hospital staff during treatment and their adjustment to the surroundings. Thus, enhancing the supportive capacity of the environment necessitates a dual perspective, encompassing the preferences of both patients and employees. In recent years, when the safety of patients and improving their outcomes have been taken into consideration, designers, due to the need to replace dilapidated buildings, due to the need of patients to provide patient-centered services, and due to the reduction of preventable accidents, to a topic called “based design” They turned to the evidence. In evidence-based design, focuses on the importance of using valid data to influence the design process. This approach in the design of hospitals is known as “an effort to improve the lives of patients and their families, reduce stress, improve the process of disease treatment, safety and security of patients”. Evidence-based design was used to create environments that support families, treat illness effectively, enhance employee performance, and restore employee power under anxiety and work pressure. An evidence-based designer, together with an informed employer, makes decisions based on the best available data obtained from their research and evaluation. Finally, a valid evidence-based treatment should result in work efficiency, improvements in treatment outcomes, and economic performance to satisfy the patients. Today, the healthcare sector, like other social and economic sectors active in countries, seeks to adapt to these rapid changes in the world. Medical facilities, an integral part of healthcare services, have received particular focus to adapt to evolving needs in many nations. What is common among different countries in the direction of possible future changes is to pay attention to the fact that medical centers need to be reviewed and redesigned. Among the changes that have recently suggested the need to redesign medical centers, we can refer to the advancement of health technology In recent years, the expectations of patients from medical centers have changed towards changing the role of hospitals from providing medical services to increasing social welfare services. The use of evidence and scientific data to make decisions about the patient care environment has been rapidly developing and expanding in recent years; if we do not base the quality of the therapeutic environment on the data and evidence of the research findings, it seems a risk.

One of the most important physical components of the city, which strengthens the relationship between citizens and the place, is the composition of the facade of the buildings, in other words, the urban facade.In urban design and development, the physical-aesthetic dimension is considered to be the most important quality in the urban space, the purpose of which is to create a pleasant feeling in the urban environment. Meanwhile, the walls of the streets are one of the most important dimensions of effective design on the aesthetics of the urban landscape due to their direct influence on the visual perception of the citizens. The current research tries to provide effective solutions to improve the aesthetic objective in the aspect of facades and residential walls by prioritizing the preferences of the observers.The research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of type and practical in terms of purpose. Information was collected through field visits, document studies and questionnaires. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data from two viewpoints of observers and experts, and then the components obtained in the selected images of the region were analyzed based on the preferences of the users.The findings indicate that the components of color and texture of materials, sky line and volumetric porosity, from both points of view, are in the priority of evaluating residential wall beauty preferences. This article tries to provide suggestions to improve the conditions of urban walls by considering the physical indicators prioritized by supervisors and experts.

This study investigates the environmental factors affecting the treatment process, increasing the recovery quality, and facilitating the patients’ return to the normal life cycle.

The intensification of environmental stresses makes the hospital’s environment stressful and non-supportive. Designing a Supportive Therapist Environment (STE) could facilitate the recovery process and improve the patients’ life quality during treatment procedures in inpatient wards.

To this goal an exploratory approach was used.The qualitative data were collected by unstructured interviewing six medical specialists and six architecture professors. A questionnaire was distributed among 156 patients to examine the relationship between environmental factors and the possible effect of treatment quality in a surgical ward, Tabriz hospital, Iran.The conditional logistic regression was used to estimate this association.

Findings showed a significant relationship between the environmental components and the treatment process quality. That is, the results confirmed positive effects of the architectural interventions on the patients’ sense of calmness, security, and return to life.

This study emphasizes on all dimensions including physical, social and semantic, particularly the ceiling as a main factor in controlling stress and maintaining the calmness.STE model can enhance patient satisfaction, and help hospitals create suitable conditions for patients in inpatient wards. To improve the treatment quality, it is necessary to consider mental, semantic, social, and physical components in designing the hospital environments. The study discusses the concepts for understanding the influence of the built environment on human experience, delirium control, treatment process, recovery quality, and return to life cycle.It also introduces further directions for future research.

Urban ecology studies the city as an ecosystem consisting of humans and biophysical factors and how they interact in urban environments.Visual ecology also examines the environment around humans as an ecological factor and helps humans to feel pleasant and harmonize it with the physio logical mechanisms of vision. The aim of the present research is to identify the anatomical dimensions of facades and the impact of visual ecology criteria on improving the quality of residential facades in Tehran. The type of research method is descriptive and analytical and has a mixed approach. In the quantitative part of the QSORT classification method, information was obtained through field observations and questionnaire tools in the Likert spectrum, and the image quality diagram was drawn from the observer's point of view with SPSS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient with a rate of 0.785. In the qualitative analysis, the selected views were analyzed in the table based on the constituent elements and criteria of visual ecology and mechanisms of the visual system. The findings show that facades according to vision standards can form comfortable, uniform and aggressive visual environments, and as a result, based on Pie chart calculations, the frequency of visual quality of residential facades within the scope of the research is 65% comfortable, 15% uniform & 20% are aggressive. This article tries to provide solutions to improve the quality of citizens' visual vision through the analysis of desirable visual criteria in the facade of the building.

Problem statement: 

Nature is Human’s first existence and home. Essence and accident are the aspects of Mollasadra Trans-substantial Motion theory, which defines the rhythm of motion, from form to meaning to substance utility and welfare. Seems that the mentioned subject is in contradiction with today scientific world rather that their goal is the same. Biophilic design tries to create a living condition with nature in human living environment. A realization of Alive Architecture according to Mollasadra Trans-substantial theory creates possibility to increase quality of life.

the Aim of this research is to achieve the Alive Architecture purpose to increase quality of life and notify spirituality in Architecture to calm soul. To reach the mentioned aim, the research defines an appropriate answer to the relation of Mollasadra Tran-substantial Motion theory with Biophilic Architecture.

The research was based on a Qualitative method (Grounded theory) with data analysis strategy, systematic coding of Strauss and Corbin with the help of MaxQDA software. The nature of the data in this research is Textual, semantic and unstructured derived from deep interviews, which have been analyzed with inductive logic by interpretive analysis.

The research findings prove that, essence transformation is in each being of existence, and Biophilic Architecture reminds Aliveness of existence by essence transformation through considering alive elements. The purposes such as: Perfection, Progressive, Reunion, soul and body, Timeless concept, are in Human and existence elements. The possibility of having essence transformation in a meaningful Architecture via considering more aimed purposes in terms of, communication, new thinking and Seeking reality, would have result in Beauty creation and Living Architecture.

Sense of place is a vital social-urban concept fostering a unique, bidirectional relationship between humans and their environment. Perception, a mental process, imbues sensory experiences with meaning, helping humans comprehend relationships and object meanings. This study focuses on the sensory perception process in the Tabriz historical Bazaar community, aiming to explore the role of sensory components in promoting the sense of place. The research, an applied type, utilizes a survey method with a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The methodology involves collecting library information and using existing documents for theoretical studies. Field studies employ questionnaire, observation, and focus on environmental information. The case study centers on the Tabriz historical Bazaar community, with the statistical population comprising Bazaar users selected through random sampling in January 2022. Results indicate that sensory perception components significantly affect the sense of place in the Tabriz historical Bazaar. Notably, chemical sense, sense of hearing, and body sense exhibit the highest correlation with the overall sense of place in this vibrant community.

The study and investigation of Islamic architecture with different ways of thinking, including traditionalism, historicism, and phenomenology, shows the importance of the subject from the view of Western researchers. Each of these schools of thought, while there are similarities between them, tries to express the results of their studies on Islamic architecture from their perspective. Paying attention to the difference of opinions of these views, while there are commonalities, raises these questions: How have each of these methods defined Islamic architecture? How does the difference in their reading style in understanding Islamic architecture help to understand the subject? The present study, with a comparative study of two methods of phenomenology and historicism about Islamic architecture, focusing on the opinions of Henri Stierlin and Oleg Grabar, seeks to show how each of these two views has defined Islamic architecture, and what are their similarities and differences between them? From the perspective of phenomenologists, the works of Islamic art originate from a special world that is characterized by religious teachings; A world where monotheism, supernatural and divine worlds, and religious and spiritual concepts are among its most essential elements. Historicists think of Islamic art and architecture as a historical thing that is analyzed by examining the time of occurrence and the factors (social, political, etc.) before and after it, and present a worldly and non-mystical analysis of these works. Assuming that each of Henri Stierlin's phenomenological and Oleg Grabar's historicism approaches provides a different definition of the relationship between Islam and architecture, the findings of the research show that despite the fact that Grabar pays attention to the Qur'an and the tradition of the Prophet and mentions Islam and its effects as a cultural component along with historical, political, regional ones, but from his point of view, Islamic art is an art that has nothing to do with the religion of Islam, and the relationship between Islam and art and architecture does not have a special meaning from a religious point of view. He avoids attributing symbolic religious meanings to Islamic architectural works, without relying on evidence, place and time, and only relying on theoretical discussion. While Stierlin tries to find the relationship between Islamic works and eternal truths with a meta-historical and semantic view. He considers Islamic art and architecture to be derived from the essence and teachings of Islam and considers the religious component to be the factor in the formation of the mosque building that most of its elements have a symbolic and eternal nature. Both researchers believe that Islamic art and architecture have been influenced by the elements of other civilizations. However, their disagreement is about how these elements accept the new meaning. Grabar considers the acceptance of a new meaning by being placed in a new context. While Stierlin considers the acceptance of a new meaning under the influence of Islamic religion and beliefs. The current research, using a descriptive-analytical method with a comparative approach, has studied formative elements and components of the mosque from the phenomenological point of view of Henri Stierlin and the historicism of Oleg Grabar.

Satisfaction with housing and residential environment are considered as the key factors of life satisfaction. The relationship between privacy in personal spaces and collective interaction in the spatial organization of residential apartment units is one of the determining factors in assessing the satisfaction of residents. Providing privacy for family members in the physical spaces of the residential unit is the foundation and prerequisite for maintaining privacy and regulating internal relations and communicating with the outside of the residential unit. The research question is, what is the relationship between spaces in different types of spatial organizations and residential apartment units? What impact do the relationships between personal and communal spaces and inter-unit spaces have on the level of resident satisfaction in residential units? And how can this satisfaction be enhanced through design solutions? The main goal of the current research was to enhance awareness for designing more desirableresidential apartment units. Moreover, the other objectives of the study could include (a) gaining a better understanding of the human relationships between elements of the organizational structure and the residential unit space; (b) exploring how to create a balance between personal privacy and communal interaction among residents and guests; and (c) creating acoustic and visual privacy within the interior space of the residential unit and with neighboring units. Data was collected by using questionnaires that were distributed to all participants in the present study. The case study was limited to the typical apartment housing in Amol city, which includes row buildings with an average height of three to six floors, along with spaces such as entrance, staircases, open spaces, and other common structural and facility elements. In these buildings, based on the study of building completion documents registered in the central municipality of Amol, four types of residential units have been identified with the most frequent occurrence of their spatial organization.
The present study carried out in four pahses: the first phase was to obtain detailed maps from the central municipality, which involves researching and categorizing contemporary residential apartment units in Amol from 1380 until now (the period during which apartment housing construction became common in the city). In the second phase, the components of the research were identified and the viewpoints of experts in this field were examined and collected to investigate the impact of research components on the spatial organization of residential units, and also the questionnaire has gone through the validation proceduresIn the third phase, after distributing and collecting the questionnaires, Amos and Friedman tests were performed to analyze and rank the residents' opinions. It should be noted that the analysis of the responses of the sample unit residents was performed in this pahse. And finally, in the fourth phase, by examining the satisfaction level charts, important variables affecting the plan were extracted. The answers to the questions for measuring the level of satisfaction of the residents were set within the range of zero to five with an average of 2.5. Whenever the level of resident satisfaction is below average, the level of satisfaction is lower and above average, the level of satisfaction is higher. The trend of development in residential units in type A with the average of 1.7 indicates a general dissatisfaction with the spatial organization. This amount was slightly improved in type (b) and was closer to the overall average with an average of 2.18.The level of satisfaction in the types of C and D has reached higher improvement, with averages of 2.75 and 3.24, respectively.
The findings of the research indicated that the residents of residential apartment units expressed relative dissatisfaction due to the lack of necessary measures to preserve visual and sound transfer between interior spaces, maintain a proper distance between communal and personal spaces, and have a view of the entrance area and the openness of the facade to the interior spaces. The research results suggest design solutions such as the entrance design, geometry and proportion of the plan, control of sound transmission between residential unit spaces, control of outward views, and creation of useful space for pause and movement in the spaces between the two main parts of the unit.The findings of the present study can be generalized to similar cultures and cities in the northern regions of the country by examining and obtaining dominant samples and the type of spatial organization performance.  The design solutions table of the research can be applied to the cultural and climatic conditions of other regions of the country to develop design guidelines suitable for local cultures and specific environments.

The purpose of this study is to explain the semantic conceptual model of "Disciplinary-Architecture" to analyze the ideas and opinions of contemporary Iranian architects in the cultural space based on environmental aesthetic reflection in the genios loci. The present study is practical in terms of purpose and has been analyzed with an inductive approach. In nature, qualitatively describes existing information and component inductive analysis in theoretical subject matter. The method of collecting information by library relying on valid documents using the logical analysis method describes and analyzes theoretical propositions. The propositions have then been extracted, categorized and analyzed from the point of view of a number of contemporary Iranian architects and the views of the field of research. From the findings he suggested that the genios loci of communication with spiritual worlds and the underlying layers of the human soul can be possible. Because intuition is one of the semantic components due to sensory diversity and plurality in simple detail while complexity, in the form of a united whole, the aesthetic concerns of users. In this way, the discovery and intuition with the ability to safely predict the exciting at the same time have an impact on the integration of shared patterns of human emotions and senses. The criteria set forth in explaining a new model of environmental aesthetics in achieving the genios loci through "intuitive-intuitive architecture" lead to "extensive understanding" in contemporary architectural artifacts.

The current world is moving towards the development of hardware or software presence of artificial intelligence in all fields of human work, and architecture is no exception. Now this research seeks to present a theoretical and practical model of intuitive design intelligence that shows the problem of learning layout and spatial relationships to artificial intelligence algorithms; Therefore, the question of this research is to present a theoretical and practical model through the integration of computational methods for machine learning to apply spatial relationships in residential plans based on architectural criteria and standards. The problem of this research is to find the precise methods and techniques of applying spatial relationships to architectural plans through artificial intelligence algorithms based on architectural criteria, which should be applied by automatic design intelligence in machine perception and then in the design process. Also, the hypothesis of the research shows that to achieve this, it is necessary to use adjacency matrices, calculation formulas, and various algorithms for the perception and production of spatial relationships; Therefore, the research method is explanatory research to examine and transfer complex ideas and information based on data collection, including library studies, documents, educational samples, calculations, and mathematical formulas. The explanatory method seeks to present new knowledge, describe a process, or develop a concept. As the results of the research show, instead of randomly starting plan generation through evolutionary algorithms, spatial relations in architectural plans can be done faster and more accurately by combining adjacency matrices, and computational formulas with evolutionary algorithms.

Nature is a theophany of divinity and motion which human lives are considered on it. Human essence along with nature, could lead to a spiritual journey and also help manifest new science to a better green and clean world. Theosophist person is watchful in holly nature and in his search toward the semantics of all creation, could feel the essence of all the beings. Mollasadra is one of those theosophists and philosophers, who have a knowledge of the being of things, and his spiritual journey is based on the essential idea of existence. That’s why his philosophy could be applicable in all periods of human science. His model of Transcendent theosophy which is based on Human, reality, and existence, is an important subject that can be applicable to the model of Human, Nature, and Architecture.The aim of this research is to express the semantic relation of divinity within nature, with human transcendence of soul, in order to reach new philosophical and scientific relation between Mollasadra's theories of nature with Biophilic technologies, to increase the quality of life.

Literature Review:

Trans-substantial Motion theory of Molasadra explains that the being of all existents, from imperfection to perfection are in motion. Therefore, the essence of all existents is in motion. The proof of such theories in the material and scientific world is important. Digital technologies in all fields are a good example of creating a virtual connection between things and their beings.According to philosophical theories of Fundamental reality of existence, Gradation of being and Trans- Substantial Motion, Mollasadra proves that nature with all its little bits is a motion, and the least concept for it is to attain perfection. Nature is the whole material in front of the immaterial world, while nature from another point of view is an inner power that orders the whole creation with divine order. It also means the simple indivisible essence of humans. Therefore nature via being a material output is also an inner quality that is one essence of humans and the world. The qualitative side of nature is applicable to basic philosophical theories.The world today is dealing with different sorts of problems in the living environment. Sustainable development was a perfect solution to this damaged world, sustainable design attempts to recognize this chaos and bring the world peace and welfare. A unity of reaching and feeling happiness is percept within all concepts and theories of trans-substantial motion to sustainable design and smart biophilic technologies via energy transformation. These theories and methods were all attempting to create a better living environment for human beings.

The research is an interdisciplinary inquiry based on Mollasadra's philosophy and Biophilic design. Therefore understanding the clear vision of professors on these two topics was essential. Also since the aim of this research is the relation between the spiritualities of nature and the perfection of the human soul via creating scientific and philosophical aspects, designing space according to new modern biophilic technologies, in order to improve the quality of life in the living spaces, is important.The qualitative research method (Grounded theory) of Strauss and Corbin, which tries to reveal the correlation of interaction of beings, is used in this research. Therefore eighteen deep interviews, in the field of Philosophy and Architecture have been done, and the data have been analyzed with MAXQDA software. As a result, 89 definitions were found which were categorized in 24 meanings, and landed on a paradigm.

The semantic analysis of the relation between Humans and Nature according to Mollasadra's Transcendental Knowledge, speaks about Biophilic Design and Mollasadra philosophy. The interdisciplinary research on these two subjects is an innovation that expresses a philosophical matter in the modern world of design.The findings of the definitions, purpose, and categorized meanings, were assorted in two tables. Table 1, defines nature as the reason for human development, which proves that, through all periods of human development, nature played a significant role in the perfection of mind, body, and living environment. Table 2 is about Divine Vicegerent. This is a term that arises from the Quran, but has a universal meaning in all civilizations. This part of the research emphasizes the relation of Divine Vicegerent and Architect, on how according to spiritualities, they create and build their living environment, which via perfecting the soul will improve quality of life.

Mollasadra’s Transcendental Knowledge, along with many supernaturalism and theism philosophies, attempts to reach wisdom that physically and spiritually improves human well-being and acts in order to create better living conditions. This attempt is based on the relation between the essence of nature with human beings. Trans-substantial motion through reaching the reality of essence transforms the human soul to feel happiness and let other human beings enjoy it, and living in an intelligent architectural space, that its aim is beneficiary renewable energies in the buildings, accomplishes this concept. Living in Biophilic places raises both the human soul and the quality of life. The industrial world today, is in need of new technologies to create natural spaces in small human living environments such as House Vertical Farm or Green Living Walls. The findings of the paradigm express the clear philosophical relation of nature and the human living environment, which explains the essence of human beings in the vicinity of nature, flows to its perfection.

Nowadays, with the disappearance of traditionalism in rural housing design, constructions that deviate from the traditional and indigenous housing patterns are noticeable, and as a result, native values and traditions in rural housing have been disregarded. On the other hand, rural housing is the most humanistic subject of architecture and provides for the diverse needs of local residents. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of examining the effective factors in preserving the values of endemic housing and regional texture in Sistan towards revitalizing rural settlements.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach:

The qualitative-quantitative research method was used in the present study. The statistical population consisted of two parts: the first part included experts and graduates in architecture who were selected as a sample size of 20 people based on purposive sampling. The second part consisted of the villagers of Qaleh now, Deh Arbab, and Deh now Piran. Background field method, Delphi method, FARAS + FKOPRAS models were used to analyze data in both qualitative and quantitative sections.

Finding:

the results of background theory showed that from the perspective of experts, some factors such as preserving rural landscape, principles of protecting native housing values towards development with a focus on indigenous culture, interaction in preservation and revitalization of regional fabric and rural indigenous housing as well as cultural tourism in villages were identified as effective factors in preserving endemic rural housing values. Also, Delphi results showed that Kendall’s coefficient for concepts and meaningful units obtained from expert interviews did not differ significantly. In this regard, fuzzy model results showed that developing an ideal pattern for indigenous housing in Sistan with a weight of 70/72; principles of protecting native housing values towards development with a focus on indigenous culture with a weight of 66/72; integrated and cohesive management with a weight of 59/72, received the highest and lowest importance in preserving indigenous rural housing values in Sistan respectively.

Nowadays, with advanced technology and information, the attention to national and religious culture and ritual has faded, so the lack of collective cultural-ritual spaces based on the correct principles of architectural wisdom is considered as a problem in today's world of speed and technology. The goals of the research are to improve sociability through the analytical analysis of Iran's historical buildings in order to read the effective components in the architecture of collective-ritual spaces based on the wisdom of Islamic art and architecture. The research method is in the form of case studies and logical reasoning and analysis of the content of fundamental principles and concepts, which in the case examples of social arenas from the perspective of the teachings of architectural wisdom in which national and religious rituals are held and a comparative study The factors of each were done in the form of tables; In the following, by adapting the arguments and relational analyzes of anthropological and epistemological discussion in the results of the research, it was shown that the fundamental principles and concepts in architectural wisdom are the result of focusing on rules and precise theorizing and are formed according to the culture of the people. And on the basis of basic needs assessments, it reduces discussions involving duality and difference of opinion. In addition to the semantic dimensions, components with physical-spatial aspects were extracted in an understandable way for the users, whose strategy and solutions will lead the way in improving the sociability of collective-ritual spaces.

Privacy is one of the most basic concepts in the architectural paradigm. The difficulty of defining privacy stems from its dependence on more abstract concepts such as culture and worldview. Phenomenology, as a philosophical branch, seeks to eliminate dependent factors and gain access to the essence of concepts. Phenomenology is the product of Western culture and thought. Can it be used to define the concept of privacy in Iran?  Is the ontological language of Iranians different from the ontological language of the West?  We want to find the differences and proportions of the ontological thought of the west and Iran in the phenomenology of privacy. Method of research: First, the thematic literature of the ontological thought of the West and the cultural space of Iran is examined, then, in an analytical-interpretive way, it deals with the phenomenological analogy of the concept of privacy in these two paradigms.
Dasein's tool in phenomenological orientation is his orientation to the world through proximity and distance. Therefore, for Dasein, privacy is not affected by distance and size which is due to his attention to things. But Rend-e Nazarbaz vs Dasein is present as a complete human model in the Iranian poetic interpretation tradition and ontological thought. The nature of place, according to Rend-e Nazarbaz, stems from the myth of creation and the duality of inside and outside. An essence that reflects eternal memory and, therefore, the most fundamental element of the perception of privacy is attention to the inside of oneself.

This study has been carried out to investigate rural residents' perception of the built environments by vernacular patterns. It aimed to examine major factors in the renovation and rehabilitation of rural housing based on vernacular architectural characteristics based on the recommended conceptual model prepared from related research studies.

This study is conducted using a questionnaire distributed among 150 residents of three villages: Ghale-Now, Dehnow Piran, and Deh-Arbab. A quantitative approach and documentary and survey methods were used to collect data.

The results show that people consider renovation and rehabilitation as a factor in improving the quality of life. Also, findings show that the top priorities are providing the residents' needed services, improving road conditions, total renovation, and preserving the village's identity. The investigations indicated that providing adequate housing requires a comprehensive and systematic approach to all the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of housing formation. Further, considering villages of the region as a single system and focusing on policy priorities in all three social, economic, and physical dimensions of housing are fundamental. Therefore, if the preservation of sustainable values of vernacular architecture is intended, it is necessary to preserve the basis of vernacular architecture and find solutions only for its problematic components.

presenting adequate housing patterns for the villages of the Sistan region requires inspecting the architecture of housing patterns, especially the typology of rural housing, preparing the principles and standards of good design with sustainable elements and identity formation present in them. Finally, the new achievements of the study on the use of indigenous components in the renovation of vernacular housing in the region include the adaptation of occupancy and living spaces based on improving the environmental quality. In addition, other achievements include changing behaviour and lifestyle habits, improving communication routes by considering the residents' priorities and lifestyle, and the physical manifestation arising from these habits in the recommended conceptual model.

Thermal comfort in semi-hot and dry climates is one of the main factors for the presence of people in open urban spaces. The present research seeks to achieve a greater presence of people and reduce heat stress for the comfort quality of the micro-climate of the garden. Each of the artificial components of Jahathe n Nama Garden and the effective climatic conditions, has dealt with all of them. Thermal comfort has always been one of the main factors in architecture and urban planning, and among the solutions that respond to climatic conditions, we can mention the Iranian gardens, which have had a great impact on modifying the climatic conditions of the environment since ancient times. Elements that cause human comfort and have natural and artificial dimensions and components. Due to this issue, the Iranian garden model has created green and pleasant spaces for comfort and tranquility and the presence of people, which has been able to make the climatic conditions of the environment livable, desirable, and pleasant.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and, in terms of method, qualitatively and quantitatively simulated with Envi-met 4 basic software, which is selected by selecting eight points in the garden, on the first of July by comparing them with the PET thermal comfort index between points. Therefore, the research is based on two strategies of logical reasoning, library analysis on the one hand and quantitative measurement based on ENVI-met 4 basic simulation software. On the other hand, the effective components such as (the location and structure of the garden, and materials) are compared between the mentioned points. Ross data analysis was performed at 9 am, 12 noon, and 5 pm on the 1st of July, the hottest day of the year in the afternoon.

By examining the models (change of materials and orientation), the comfort conditions of the garden are improved and the change of orientation of the garden is more effective than the change of materials. Also, the average radiant temperature has the greatest effect on thermal comfort. R1=0/73  R3 = 0.70, R5 = 0.74, and R7 = 0.74 indicate their correlation. The artificial components of the Jahan Nama garden greatly affect the thermal comfort of the garden in hot seasons. 

 As a result, the choice of materials and proper orientation leads to controlling the rate of absorption of air temperature and circulation, which reduces heat stress. In the end, the research findings show that the synergy of the components of the Iranian garden in hot and semi-arid climates increases the thermal comfort in the microclimate of the garden and in creating urban open spaces with quality and optimal energy consumption Warm seasons and physical and mental health and reduction of heat stress are very important and the research findings are presented as a model that shows the synergy of these components to provide outdoor thermal comfort.

Meaning perception in the architecture of the Safavid Era requires reviewing the thoughts of Shiite philosophers of that time. Substantial motion theory is one of the most important thinking schools of that era. According to Islamic philosophy, the truth of perception is not limited to material hierarchy, while the matter can provide the field for understanding meanings at different hierarchies by relying on the substantial motion theory. Safavid Mosques represent this thought in architecture. Perception hierarchies in Safavid mosques, including Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, rely on the substantial motion theory of Mulla Sadra- emphasis on perception movement from the existence of the matter or substance to inexistence- providing the field for journeying the perceptual hierarchies from appearance to the essence. Therefore, this is multidisciplinary, qualitative, and case-study research. In the theoretical foundations part, this study explained three pillars in the perceptual hierarchies of Safavid Mosques by examining the importance of the matter in epistemological topics proposed by Mula Sadra and its relationship with the motion principle. The type of perception in Sheikh Lotfollah was then investigated in each pillar to find the importance of matter and body in the perception of mosques in the Safavid Era regarding the main purpose of this study. According to the principle of journeying from matter to meaning, the main question is about the importance of the matter in each perceptual hierarchy of Safavid Mosques. It is also asked how the substantial motion theory by Mulla Sadra is manifested in perceptual hierarchies of the Safavid Era. In terms of the importance of the matter in the perception, the results indicate that meaning perception in Safavid mosques, particularly Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque includes three pillars (stillness, motion, and unity), which are consistent with perceptual hierarchies of Mulla Sadra. In the stillness pillar, which is the least perceptual hierarchy (because of being mixed with matter), perceptions are confined to sensory issues. In the motion pillar, however, imagination power allows for achieving a spiritual perception of material affairs. Finally, in the unity pillar, light and transparency of space allow the audience to be united with the space's reality. The last pillar includes intellectual perceptions.

The study of architectural principles in different periods shows that nature has always played a significant role in architectural styles and human life. It is also possible to find a deep relationship between the salient features of society in the formation of architectural identity in the context of nature. Therefore, finding and investigating the relationship between architecture and nature's presence over time and how to use nature-inspired design strategies in architecture indicates the need for this research. This study aimed to study nature's attendance in some landmark works of the second Pahlavi era, to identify different approaches to looking at nature, its use, and the reasons for its emergence.The research was carried out with qualitative methods in two main sections: Step 1: Theoretical analysis to identify and classify the sociopolitical developments during the second Pahlavi Era, the key elements of natural strategies, and naturestrategies attendance in architecture. Step 2: Use logical reasoning and a case study to determine the attendance of nature strategies, architectural layers, and systems, and the new discourses in the second Pahlavi Era.The studied superior architecturalworks have been selected based on the possibility of access to the necessary documents for data analysis. After presenting the research methodology, it develops the theoretical foundations of the research and then investigates the concept of nature and how it is present in the architecture of the second Pahlavi period.In the second Pahlavi period, the spread of modernism, political and structural changes in government, and the changing needs of society paved the way for explainingnew discourses. These discourses are manifested in the form of traditionalism, historicism, and modernism. In this period, the manifestation of nature has been witnessed in different forms in architecture, which means that in 1941, the secondary appearance and especially the abstractive appearance was considered. But over timeand in the years1943 to 1952, the attention of architects has been drawn to the original appearance of nature,and the use of natural elements in a pristine form. This special attention to the primary appearanceof nature continued until 1970. In the years 1970 to 1979, we see nature's secondary appearance becoming more prominent in architectural works.

Utilizing natural tactics has a huge impact on the design of developingenvironments that are environmentally friendly. The review of relevant scientific research, the intricacy of biological issues, and their application to the architectural field are all challenging and time-consuming tasks that also need knowledge in the biological sector. The use of nature's strategies in architectural design is hampered by a lack of adequate information and the right comprehension, which also results in improper application and the appearance of impediments. Touse the strategies derived from nature in the field of architecture, the right attitude, method, and tools should be identified totranslate the strategies into architectural solutions. This is because the main objective of the current research is to extract the missing link bridging the biological and architectural domains.By discovering, the method of creating a connection and link between the biologicaldomain and architecture through mixed methods Research.The research wascarried out utilizing various quantitative and qualitative methods in three key sections.Step 1: Theoretical analysis to identify and classify the key elements of natural strategiesas well as their effects.Step 2: Using logical reasoning and a case study to determine the attitude, method, and tools of data transmission and to develop an architectural solution.Step3: Focus groups (Participant Observation) to test the defined Process of Creating Architecture Using the Nature Design Strategies Hypothesis.For employing nature design methodologies in the realm of architecture, two problem-solving attitudesthe problem-based attitude and the solution-based attitudewere identified. Based on these two mindsets, a four-phased process was described for using natural strategies in the design process. Tools and measures that were required for each phase were determined and discussed. Two diagrams were provided at the end.

The ability to recognize and compare shapes and understand the concept of proportions is one of the first human findings from environmental geometric data. And certainly the formation of geometry as a science of recognizing the arrangement of lines, shapes and levels and proportions leads to the definition of golden proportions in the mathematical sciences as a new way of organizing shapes and forms. Golden and geometric proportions are effective as a determining element in the scale of spatial forms, and the formation of spatial forms by not using or misuse of geometric proportions is due to functional and psychological interactions on human perception and cognition. Which causes the construction and formation of scales and proportions of the environment and the emergence of psychological effects due to human activities in the environment. And then the abnormal effects and environmental dysfunction on the saccade system of the human eye and as a result the feeling of fear and lack of belonging to the place interacts. On the other hand, nature as the raw material of creation, and the principle and mother of man, which causes him to model the proportions in nature. Understanding the laws governing the relationships between elements and spatial shapes leads to the formation of geometric and golden proportions in the spending of space. Because knowing the symbol of shapes, proportions and scales in the world of meaning and kingdom is reminiscent of the divine order in all dimensions of the world (even in astronomy). Therefore, evaluating the values ​​of spatial proportions in nature as the bedrock of human life and the pattern of psychological perceptions, leads to the adoption of human activities. Also, the study of human needs on a mental and psychological scale from the perception of the environment causes the recognition of scales and dimensions by human visual senses, which leads to the perception of the correct golden and geometric proportions through Sakadi eye movements and psychophysical sciences. . Certain ratios can also be observed in the creation and design of various shapes in nature. These relations are those geometric relations that have immaterial roots and follow the spiritual and supernatural principles, believing that their subject is sacred, and have a symbolic language and spiritual characteristics. In the traditional world, geometry was inseparable from the other four Pythagorean sciences, namely arithmetic, music, and astronomy. And traditional geometry is also associated with the symbolic composition and shapes of space. To this end, the study of the effect of golden and geometric proportions on human visual perception of the architectural environment based on the sense of belonging to the place, causes visual quality to increase the sensory richness of the place and achieve human values ​​and criteria in the sense of belonging to the place and human needs. To be considered by the architect. In this research, with the perspective of this identity and the interaction of geometric and golden proportions and the sense of belonging to the place, the criteria and indicators of the research have been studied and the results have been presented in the form of tables and diagrams.

According to the available evidence, changes in the design of medical centers, which can create a more comfortable, pleasant, and natural environment, have reduced the patient tensions and increased their satisfaction with the quality of treatment in the given centers. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the architecture and design of a supportive care environment on the treatment process in hospitals adopting a qualitative study design.

This qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted to investigate the effect of an optimal supportive care environment in hospitals based on the experiences and opinions of experts, university professors of architecture, and doctors in hospitals. To this end, experts were interviewed qualitatively and, then, eight main themes as well as 22 sub-themes were classified by performing content analysis. Furthermore, the effect of the environment on the patients, treatment control length, blood pressure control, and subjective nature of the disease’s impact, as well as the effect of social relations on the vital signs, comprehensiveness and acceptability, place of using the supportive care model and a completely mechanical attitude towards humans in the modern period were all evaluated.

The effect of the optimal supportive care environment on the patients’ treatment processes was confirmed by qualitatively reviewing the experts’ viewpoints and collecting comprehensive information from other sources.

In sum, it was recommended that that the heads of the hospitals should consider the concepts of optimal supportive care environment when designing and/or reconstructing hospitals.

During the present century, the term location with its extensive range of meanings has been presented in almost all architectural spaces. Building of location has incarnated implications and beliefs of human beings and has a deep relationship with their existence. For a location to remain in the public minds, it must attract a vast majority of addresses and create a sense of attachment to itself. Sense of attachment is a sense of space that individuals feel themselves as a part of it and where they find their desires and transactions. Thus, space in this sense of location turns into a context for individuals’ social memories and meanings. One of the problems considered in today’s cities is the low quality of citizens’ life. This lack of quality results from inattention to location and its meaning; A location which relates humans with other layers of their existence and these layers help humans recognize their environment that leads to a general feeling to space in the addresses. This general feeling which is created after perception and judgment of a particular environment in person is called sense of location which is an important factor in creating coordination between the individual and the particular environment, better use of the environment, user’s satisfaction and finally a sense of attachment to environment and a continuous presence in it.Sense of attachment is a strong connection and a significant factor among people and location. This connection is positive and leads to an expanded deep relationship and individual’s interaction with the environment which can be more extended by the passage of time. In fact, sense of attachment is a human sublime feeling by which the individual and the environment interact with each other. This feeling finally leads to create individual, environmental and social deep connections. Based on ideas of existentialism, sense of attachment is a preliminary and essential need of humans which they try to satisfy. Different degrees of this feeling in architectural spaces has been accompanied by different feelings and reactions including different classifications in architectural spaces such as sacrifice for location, interest in location and commitment to location. As a result, creating a sense of attachment in architectural spaces leads to transforming them into meaningful locations for individuals and developing environmental-human connections and changing the space to a meaningful and lasting environment which will lead to the formation of a permanent location in the memories of human beings as well as their continuous presence. In this study which aims to retrieve  and introduce the role of each element and component forming the sense of location and attachment to it, experts’ opinions and judgments were considered based on reviewing texts and related documents on this subject. And by presenting analytical diagrams, roles of these factors in the formation of sense of location and attachment were analyzed. Finally, a permanent location model including the main parameters and factors as well as qualities affecting the formation of   a lasting sense of location in the minds of the public was presented.