فهرست مطالب bahman kargar

Tourism is one of the most significant industries for sustainable development in societies that has high mobility in economic, political, social, urban and environmental changes. Focusing on various aspects of the tourism industry as well as local and national planning in the field of management can play a very significant role in international and national processes. Moreover, the role of tourism regeneration in the urban space should not be forgotten, because regeneration is an asset of any urban society. Considering this issue, this research was done to analyze urban tourism from recreation perspective. For this purpose, data were collected through field and library methods. According to the existing standards, the size of the statistical sample was determined to be 30 people, consisted of experts in the field of tourism and experts in the urbanism. Delphi method was used for this study. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results showed that among the components, the effect of recreation of the historical identity of the downtown on the sense of pride of the city residents (14.63) holds the highest rank and the effect of tourism development in the old texture of the city in the understanding of the officials to preserve the monuments and monuments (10.95) holds the lowest rank. Moreover, urban tourism has led to the identification and recreation of historical places. The information obtained from the presence of tourists as well as the increase of income have led to the tourism development and the attention of city managers to the improvement of the valuable historical parts of Zanjan over the last years. This main issue is that this issue has resulted in the creation of employment and urban regeneration.

Importance of the issue: 

Urban damage in Iran is a vital and complex issue. These damages, which can result from climate change, urban traffic, earthquakes, and lack of water resources, strongly affect the quality of urban life and the environment. Dilapidated development, defects in urban structures, and improper waste management are among the main factors aggravating these damages. And

The purpose of the research: 

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the main factors of urban damage in Iran. And The research seeks to investigate how Iran's geographic location, climate change, and other factors affect urban conditions and the environment.

This research was done using analytical and quantitative methods. And The use of statistical data, geographic models and urban planning has been used as a tool for a better and deeper understanding of the issues raised in this study. And in fact, how we present research, including design, data collection, analysis, and conclusions, and this method helps other researchers to achieve a deeper and more accurate understanding of their subjects.

The findings of this research show that urban damage in Iran mainly occurs due to defects, problems and challenges in urban planning and management. In addition, the negative effects of climate change and problems related to traffic and urban infrastructure are also known as important factors in increasing these damages. and

Conclusion and suggestions: 

Based on the research findings, a lot of emphasis is placed on the importance of accurate and comprehensive urban planning to reduce urban damage. And It is recommended that by applying appropriate management approaches and adopting new solutions in urban planning, it is possible to help improve the urban situation and reduce environmental damage. These approaches may include strengthening infrastructure, increasing urban green spaces, and improving the quality of urban life.

Security is always one of the important indicators of the growth and development of an urban area. This index can be injected to citizens from different aspects and improve its level. This issue is very important in big cities; Meanwhile, women's sense of security is emphasized from different aspects in the development of cities. The widespread presence of women in society and their participation in urban social activities makes it necessary to create elements and urban spaces suitable for the presence of this group in public spaces and planning to improve women's security. The purpose of this research is to evaluate women's sense of security in District 7 of Tehran, which has been investigated and analyzed. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data collection. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by elites and reliability with Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.789. Data analysis was done with statistical tests in spss software. The result of the research shows that in Haft region of Tehran, the social security of women is in an average and good condition; According to the findings, indicators such as mental and psychological problems, indicators of the poverty situation in the neighborhoods, women's social trust in each other, peace and comfort in public spaces, life safety, financial security situation, job security situation, economic base situation, security Fakhri (not having to worry), the efficiency of the security and police forces, the crime situation in the city and women's respect for each other are in an acceptable state.

To achieve this goal, analysis based on statistical data, economic and geographic models has been used. First, the climate changes in Iran have been investigated and then its effects on urban damages such as the reduction of water resources and the increase of environmental risks have been evaluated.

Research shows that climate changes in Iran lead to increased droughts and reduced water resources, which in turn exacerbates their effects on cities. Cities are facing problems such as decreasing water resources for drinking and agriculture, increasing temperature and warmer weather, and increasing the risk of floods and droughts.

Climate changes are recognized as a serious challenge for Iranian cities. To deal with these challenges, there is a need for proper urban planning and sustainable development policies in the field of water and environmental resources. This article emphasizes that serious measures should be taken to provide water resources, reduce the effects of global warming, and improve the adaptation of cities to climate change so that Iranian cities can prevent urban damage as much as possible.

The limit of Tehran encompasses approximately 23 cities, 237 inhabited villages, and numerous activity centers, housing around 2 million people. The area's spatial expansion, both formal and informal, is ongoing and anticipated to continue over the next two decades. While the northern part of limit faces encroachment issues, the southern section serves as a hub for the marginalized and socioeconomically disadvantaged, seemingly compelled by urban and regional development programs that limit their citizenship. These marginalized groups often overlook significant social, cultural, and economic aspects of their collective and individual lives, despite their potential for development and participation. Failure to incorporate these groups could render development and management plans for limit ineffective and confined to mere documentation. Hence, it is essential to involve the area's inhabitants in the planning process, as they could otherwise become victims of exploitative land acquisition schemes. The article's primary aim is to provide insight into the social realities of limit and the necessity of a community-oriented approach for managing social vulnerabilities and achieving sustainable development in there. The region's complexity, housing a diverse population, underscores the importance of recognizing the needs, goals, of this community-focused strategy. To address the issues and challenges faced by limit's residents, any development and management plan must actively engage all stakeholders, both current and future, and strive for inclusivity while combatting unlawful practices. In essence, the article advocates for an approach that acknowledges the community, ultimately leading to a more holistic and effective strategy for the region's advancement and well-being.

During the three centuries of its peak power (9th to 6th centuries BC), the borders of Urartu included parts of the modern countries of Iran, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan and Iraq. The Urartians have a highly religious government structure, and religion has been the main factor in uniting the tribes, which can be examined in religious structures. Until now, different types of burials have been reported in the land of Urartu, which are mostly classified based on the type and method of construction, architecture and materials used and size, and based on this, the social position of the deceased has also been suggested. The accidental discovery of Sheikh Selo's tomb in northwest Iran and near the border of Turkey shows new evidence in Urartian burials, at least in Iran. The tomb is dug on the mountainside and significant objects and artifacts are placed in it along with the deceased, then its entrance is blocked and hidden from view with stone rubble and materials similar to the texture of the mountain. A collection of metal consist, metal ornaments and pottery pieces were obtained from the tomb of Sheikh Selo, which stylistically covers a wide range of the Iron Age, however, the metal and pottery data that are mostly associated with come from Urartian sites are very similar and can be compared with the contemporaneous Urartu enclosures in the 7th century B.C. The structure of the tomb and the type of objects show that the deceased was related to the government and is probably one of the local elites of Urartu.

Today, urban life has taken a complex form. Many children living in cities face various threats such as violence, insecurity and pollution. They live in spaces that are strictly organized by adults and only for a certain age group; So that most of the children's needs are ignored in it. In this regard, in the present study, we evaluated the safety of a neighborhood park in one area of Shiraz city. The research method is considered to be a cross-sectional research from the point of view of practical purpose and from the aspect of nature and method. There are two types of information gathering methods library (documents) and field (survey). The research tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research based on the 2015 census includes 157,624 citizens living in one district of Shiraz city. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample for the statistical population at the individual level was calculated as 384 people. To analyze the research after the necessary collection, the collected raw data has been entered into SPSS software. The results of the research show that among the four indicators, only the indicators of the type of equipment of children's playgrounds have been evaluated. In other words, the index of the type of equipment of children's play spaces has an average status in region one. Also, the design indicators of children's play spaces, the physical indicators of children's play spaces, and the social indicators of children's play spaces have been evaluated as weak and slightly optimistic.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the social dimension of livability in the informal settlement of Koshtargah located in Urmia city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The collection of information in this research has been done in two ways: library and field. The data collection tool is in the form of a questionnaire and a questionnaire of experts. The statistical population of this research is the residents of the Koshtargah neighborhood, which according to Cochran's formula is 374 people who are randomly distributed in the study area. Data analysis was done quantitatively through SPSS and Excel software. The data collected through the questionnaires were analyzed by one-sample t-tests and Spearman's correlation, and DEMATEL's multi-criteria decision-making method was used to analyze the data of the experts' questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaires has been confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaires has been confirmed through Cronbach's alpha test with an alpha coefficient of 0.711. The findings of this research show that according to the results of the one-sample t-test, the indicators of recreation and leisure and general education are at a lower level than the average level, and the indicators of personal and social security, participation, identity, and sense of place are at an average level. According to the results of the Spearman correlation test, there is a significant relationship between the indicators and the social dimension of livability. according to the results of the DEMATEL model, the personal and social security index with the value (D) of 4.859 is the most effective, and the participation index with the value of (R) 4.798 is the most influential and the index of personal and social security with the value (D+R) of 9.279 has the highest correlation with other Indexes. The results of this research indicate that the level of the social dimension of livability in the Koshtargah neighborhood is lower than average.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the informal settlements of Rasht in order to provide sustainable urban regeneration strategies. In this regard, using descriptive-analytical method, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the information. The research sample includes 50 urban experts and specialists who have been purposefully sampled. In order to achieve the research objectives, first SWOT analysis and then QSPM matrix were used. Based on SWOT analysis, it was found that the most appropriate strategies for the sustainable reconstruction of informal settlements in Rasht are the use of conservative strategies based on the use of opportunities to minimize weaknesses. Thus, 5 strategies were developed, which were evaluated with the help of QSPM matrix, and finally, the strategy of "preparing a comprehensive study plan for organizing related to sustainable urban regeneration in the form of a" comprehensive joint action plan "with respect to short-term, medium-term time levels. "Long-term and impactful and defining the role of each of the governmental and private organizations and institutions and public participation" was selected as the best strategy for sustainable reconstruction of informal settlements in Rasht.

During the three centuries of its peak power (9th to 6th centuries BC), the borders of Urartu included parts of the modern countries of Iran, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan and Iraq. The Urartians have a highly religious government structure, and religion has been the main factor in uniting the tribes, which can be examined in religious structures. Until now, different types of burials have been reported in the land of Urartu, which are mostly classified based on the type and method of construction, architecture and materials used and size, and based on this, the social position of the deceased has also been suggested. The accidental discovery of Sheikh Selo's tomb in northwest Iran and near the border of Turkey shows new evidence in Urartian burials, at least in Iran. The tomb is dug on the mountainside and significant objects and artifacts are placed in it along with the deceased, then its entrance is blocked and hidden from view with stone rubble and materials similar to the texture of the mountain. A collection of metal consist, metal ornaments and pottery pieces were obtained from the tomb of Sheikh Selo, which stylistically covers a wide range of the Iron Age, however, the metal and pottery data that are mostly associated with come from Urartian sites are very similar and can be compared with the contemporaneous Urartu enclosures in the 7th century B.C. The structure of the tomb and the type of objects show that the deceased was related to the government and is probably one of the local elites of Urartu.

Security is one of the basic needs of human life, which, after physiological needs such as food and water, is in the second place human needs "crime" and "crime" in today's societies that annually affect the lives of thousands of citizens as a social problem Comes with serious threats and violence against people and their assets, in fact, creates a significant panic in the community Regarding the situation of informal settlements regarding the crime of these settlements, special conditions have been established, including these settlements, Khat4 hear Karaj, except for areas with many problems in the area of crime and security, in order to ensure security in these areas and to prevent the spread of insecurity in Close cities need to provide Social security in the area of the 4th Corridor is considered as one of the critical areas in the informal settlements. After collecting the questionnaires, the results were analyzed and analyzed using SPSS software SMARTPLS. Results show that the components of participation, education, security, justice, flexibility Interactions, and others Resilience in social situations to reduce crime in the neighborhood is Khat4 hesar Karaj.

Current Geographical spaces, from local to global scales, are affected by global drug trade. Cultivation, production, transit, distribution and consumption trends have dynamic and complex features. Actors of drug's geopolitics plan their strategies based on the geopolitical features of the geographical space under their control. The purpose of this research is to categorize the actors who benefit from the global drug trade, in order to strengthen scientific resources in the field of this trade and to create a scientific background for future studies when dealing with active actors in the global drug trade and also to determine the group that includes these actors, by examining the mechanism and level of their benefit. Since, according to neo-realists, non-state actors are effective components of global systems, the classification of actors benefiting from illegal trade can be effective in determining new coping strategies. In the current research, by using experimental assumptions and classification of scientific findings, we have tried to classify and explain geopolitical drug actors as influential components of a global system. Therefore, within the framework of the theory of structural realism, with the method of documentary and library research of Persian and non-Persian first-hand resources, activists who benefit from the geopolitics of global drug trends were categorized in six groups including: individual actors, criminal organizations, armed movements, Narco-states, hostile states and the hidden actors. Also, in terms of purpose and benefit mechanism, they have been analyzed in two groups: 1- actors with geopolitical goals and 2- actors with geo-economic goals.

Construction activities form a major part of the entire economic and productive activities of the country. It is that the results of the factors affecting construction of construction violations in cities in the country, social, economic and legal factors have led to violations and always the continuation of the law of escapes. The conflict with regulations in social institutions of societies is gradually accepted as a general belief. Construction violations also have many consequences in cities, including demolition of city, density, and unauthorized cabaries. District 3 of Tehran Region 16 is always considered as one of the most extensive construction areas of Tehran. The present study with descriptive-analytical and applied method has investigated the factors affecting the offenses of urban construction. The statistical society of all experts The construction area consisted of 30 people according to Cochran formula. The purpose of the questionnaire and the collection of information in this way was to determine the factors affecting urban construction violations. The data analysis tool was carried out through descriptive statistics, SPSS software and regression and average regression model. Gave the most important consequences of construction violations in urban system, building safety and parking conversion to residential and commercial space, and in the most important factors affecting construction violations, the highest amount of violations associated with urban management and economic factors is.

     District 3 of the Municipality of Region 16, including neighborhoods of Besat, Treasury and Ali Abad North, which, according to the Deputy of the Municipality of the Municipality of Region 16, has the most construction violations among all areas of the region 16. (Center for Urban District Studies Region 16, 1399). Equipment and electronic equipment and equipment in most buildings, lack of strength, and the creation of problems in all environmental, physical, social and motion areas, and access, etc.. According to the above, the main question of the present research This is what the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations in the area of ​​the 3 municipality of the region 16 include what factors and construction violations in the area of ​​the 3 municipality of the region 16, especially in recent years, have the consequences on the physical and residential and social space of the 16 region. Is?

     The present study in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical research and in terms of objective use (practical).In the present study, the statistical population of all experts, experts, employees and urban managers of the municipality of the region of 16 of Tehran are among them, 30 of them as sample size and 30 questionnaires were estimated by Cochran formula. Depending on the statistical population, various methods for sampling can be used, which in the present study was used by snowball sampling.In order to analyze the indicators and based on the results obtained from the questionnaire, field observations and official documents, the findings were analyzed using SPSS software.

     In the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations, economic factors with 4.21 equivalent to 84% of the impact and performance of urban management in construction violations with 4.14 equivalent to 83% of the impact, the most important role in the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations in the area 3 The Tehran region is played. In the context of assessing the most important consequences of construction violations in the region 3 region of 16, this seems to be the most important construction of construction in the 3rd area with 4.81 and equivalent to 96.2 and then on the safety of buildings and transforming parking to residential and commercial parking with 4.28 is equivalent to 85.6.

     Based on the statistics and results of the results, the results show that in general construction violations from the years 1394 to 1398 in the region 3, total 2117 violations have been recorded and among the 995 cases in the treasury neighborhood, 43 cases in Besat's settlement and 1079 cases were recorded in the neighborhood of Ali Abad North. In the most important factors affecting the increase in construction violations, the results showed that in total, the highest amount of violations associated with urban management and economic factors and factors are also factors such as the income of the municipality from the place of crimes of construction violations, the motivation to meet family needs Through the construction or development of illegal building, the lack of observance of technical principles in order to save the financial and profitability of owners and manufacturers of construction violations were determined as the main factors affecting construction violations in the region of the 3 district of Tehran. In the context of measuring the most important consequences of construction violations in the 3rd region of Tehran, the results also showed that most of the most important consequences of construction violations were more on urban communication, building safety and parking transformation into residential and commercial space

Paying attention to different dimensions of resilience is one of the main goals of sustainable development, especially in cities and urban communities with potential risks, and institutional resilience as one of the dimensions of resilience is an important approach to strengthening communities and cities.

This applied research was conducted based on a descriptive-analytical design. The VIKOR method which is a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making technique was used for analysis. Library and documentary methods were used to collect data and the data collection tool was a seven-7-item questionnaire.

Based on the findings, the organizational structure and the experience of previous incidents held the first and last places. preparedness policies, manager’s effectiveness in prevention, the effectiveness of training, incidence experiences in resource needs assessment, and the impact of financial resources ranked the first in the following sections: organizational structure, education, leadership, the experience of previous disasters, and capacity, respectively.

As evidenced by the results of this study, each of the indicators found in this study had an important role to play in the management of urban incidents in the country. Therefore, their management is of paramount importance in the achievement of sustainable urban development in the country.

Nowadays tourism should be one of vival stable of development industry in each society that have improvement of economic politic urban and environment .focus on aspects of different tourist industry with international and local planning of management of each community play important role in international and national activities .Urban tourist is part of globe trophy developed and stable industry .it’s sort of new subject and history of propounding it in scientific  circles is less than more decades .Urban tourist is one of the most important and the most complex  human’s space and place activities .in the idea of experts ,urban tourist creates a big cultural ,social and economical occasions for cities .This occasion have a high effect on improvement of life quality indifferent aspects. For this purpose, data were collected through field and library methods. According to existing standards the statistical sample size was 9 persons, consist of tourism experts and urban experts who were selected based on Delphi method. Hereby, the effect of urban tourism on improving and remanufacturing old districts and central core of Zanjan city using Friedman test, the effect of urban tourism on improving and remanufacturing old districts and central core of Zanjan city using Kramer statistical test, investigating the impact of urban tourism on the components of renovation and remodeling of the central core and neighborhoods of Zanjan city using one-way chi-square test, measuring the impact of urban tourism on creating income and attention of authorities in maintenance, restoration and improvement and recreation of Zanjan neighborhoods using Friedman Test, impact of urban tourism on creating income and attention of authorities in maintenance, restoration and improvement and recreation of Zanjan neighborhoods using One-Way Chi-square Test, has been analyzed using Spearman which its general description will be discussed in the analysis sectionKeywords: Urban tourist, Recreation, Delphi metod, Zanjan City Extended Abstract:

Postmodern citizens often spend their free time touring the city to find entertainment. The before-mentioned type of activity is called city/urban tourism. This industry involves filling your free time at home or going outside the city or village. City tourism happens when people spend their free time touring in urban areas or wandering in city infrastructures such as parks, amusement parks, shopping malls, cultural and historical centers, and forth. This industry, which has been able to satisfy some of the citizens' needs and answer their calling for regular recreational activities, is developing and growing in various parts of the world, including Iran (Especially in the large metropolises of our country). Based on mentioned particularities, now days providing open space areas and modern recreation centers has become one of the primary goals for Iranian metropolitan executives. The extension of such modern tourism, at the level of sustainable local development and ultimately national development, can: improve the economy and the environment, balance people's leisure time, and enhance their physical and mental health. Besides, it plays a significant role in attracting foreign and domestic tourists to visit a well-managed city.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytical; we used the survey method and Delphi technique to collect data. To gather information, first, the documents stored in the library of offices and organizations such as the Cultural Heritage-Tourism Organization, the Deputy of Planning of the Governorate, the Governor's Office have been studied and used. In this research, the main instrument for data collection is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study is the existing policies in the field of city tourism and recreation, 30 expert professors, city managers, and the municipality. In this study, we used Kai-Square, Friedman, Kramer, and Spearman tests to analyze the whole statistical population. Accordingly, to statistically analyze data, we used the Friedman test to measure the effectiveness of urban tourism in favor of improving and renovating the context of both old regions and the central core of Zanjan - to measure the impact of urban tourism on improving and renewing both old areas and the central core of Zanjan city, we used the Kramer statistical test.Results and discussionsThe results show that the increase in urban tourism has led to renovating historical sites and helped build their identity. Amelioration resulting from the presence of tourists, along with increasing revenue, have led to prosperity in the tourism industry. Also, it has risen the attention of city managers to renovate the valuable historical context of Zanjan in recent years. Finally, while creating job opportunities, these actions paved the way for urban instauration.  By studying and examining the current situation of Zanjan city and observing the improved, restored, and recreated places, we can conclude that: because the augmentation of city tourism results in revenue growth, the importance of this matter, is maturing clear day by day to city officials. This encourages all the officials, including the governorate, the municipality's cultural heritage, and the city council, to take the lead and pave the way for planning and designing areas so that both tourists and the people of the city can use.

Finally, by studying the information obtained from the presence of tourists and examining the process of renovating the valuable and historical regions of Zanjan, which is happening recently, we can state that: city tourism in historical and recreational areas of Zanjan has increased in a manner that it is already presenting job opportunities and financial profits. So this makes officials support the renovation of the areas in such a way that not only won't they face any problem with executing the projects but also carry the plan faster by having people's support. The implementation of the Historic Square Green Square (also called Sabze Meydan) project is a real example of the cooperation of people, officials, business owners, and shopkeepers. The best way to make profits from the tourism industry is by attracting tourists, and that would not be possible unless we renovate city regions and value them. By reviving the identity of cities, we can increase the opportunity of attracting tourists and develop city tourism. Besides, with the income gained from this, we can help to improve the city as much as possible. According to field studies and data collection from the Delphi technique and interviews that we had with tourism experts, tourism professors, and municipal officials involved in the field of tourism and questions raised in the presence of the experts, all realized the effects of tourism on urban restoration and reconstruction. They acknowledged that developing city tourism can directly result in revenue growth. This will also persuade city officials, such as the cultural heritage and the municipality administrators, to use existing potentials to the best of their ability to improve Zanjan's tourism, and this will indirectly revitalize citizens' sense of identity, pride, and sense of belonging.

We tried to study this area by focusing on the cultural basis by evaluating the potentials, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the region. Obviously, the study method in this qualitative article and its main tool is in-depth interview and data analysis using the SWOT model. To investigate the issue, strategies based on the principle of regeneration approach in historical contexts based on culture have been presented, which by applying these strategies and policies to upgrade and develop infrastructure and network of roads by defining and strengthening the tourism sidewalk and equipping and expanding public spaces. And helps to recreate urban spaces on the sidewalk of Lalehzar Street and help develop and provide urban services by modernizing or creating new uses, as well as modeling using valuable concepts and patterns in the historical-cultural context of this old street. Ultimately, the implementation of such strategies will enhance the presence and participation of residents and investors to recreate the culture of the base. The results of SWOT analysis showed that; Aggressive and competitive strategies occupied the largest area in the need for cultural regeneration of the region. This shows that the final strategic position of the region is more towards providing the infrastructure of revitalization in the form of improvements, renovation and reconstruction of cultural sites of the old texture and revival of the collective memory of the old Lalehzar.

Informal settlements are the product of inappropriate urban planning for the poor, whose needs and demands have been rightly ignored. Naturally should be witnessed, the growth of these settlements on the outskirts of cities in the absence of urban planning. These settlements are among the most prone to urban insecurity. These areas have several challenges, including vulnerability, crime, insecurity, lack of spatial, socio-economic and environmental justice, which will spread social insecurity in cities. "Security is one of the basic needs of human life, which comes after physiological needs such as food and water, and secondarily human needs.Crimes are considered a social problem in today's societies, which affect the lives of thousands of citizens every year. In fact, serious threats and violence against people and their property create considerable panic in society. Due to the special conditions of informal settlements regarding crime, establishing security in these areas and preventing the spread of insecurity in nearby cities requires the provision of practical solutions. To take appropriate action and establish this missing link, the security situation in these areas must first be Investigated and then offered a solution. In the present research, the status of informal settlements in area (19) of Tehran, which due to its special geographical location - located near the city as the southwestern entrance of Tehran, the establishment of warehouses and warehouses for waste, abandoned and ruined lands, Brick ovens, etc. - have been able to attract large populations from cities and villages in different provinces of the country and even immigrants from neighboring countries (Afghanistan), using descriptive-analytical research methods and citing library documents and data Field surveys (questionnaires) have examined the security situation. The results show the impact of security indicators on social, economic and cultural indicators of informal settlements.

Today, the management of social harms in worn-out areas has become one of the necessities of urban development. The government and the urban management face serious restrictions to finance urban remediation projects. Therefore, in this study, the contexts for attracting public-private participation in such projects are explained. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and its type is applied and developmental. The technique of data collection is documentary and field survey. The data analysis tool is SPSS. The research results emphasize that by establishing a quasi-governmental institution with sufficient executive power, as a social stimulus that establishes partnership between the private, public and social sectors, it can achieved a successful urban regeneration by creating the necessary trust and confidence. Strategic planning is based on the capabilities of local institutions, local community and local participation and, unlike the previous routine, emphasizes urban planning and design in small and specific comparisons. The results of factor analysis indicate that the most important factors in private sector participation are classified from factors 1 to 8, respectively, the first factor (financial-administrative) with a specific value of 3.125 and a percentage change of 15.62% compared to other variables has a significant impact on the participation of the private sector in the management of social harms in the worn-out tissues of Iran.in contrast,the eighth factor as design and pattern, with a specific value of 1/060 and a percentage change of 5/29 of the total variance has the least impact

The creation of industrial estates and towns is one of the most common industrialization approaches in the countries that are aimed at facilitating and concentrating activities. this strategy into account in its development plan since the mid-1970s. Industrial towns in our country are also referred to as industrial sector locomotives. The construction and development of these settlements in small cities such as Hassan Abad, taking into account its environmental conditions, can lead to the reduction of unemployment and, hence, the sustainable development of the city. Shams Abad industrial park with development plan of 3000 hectares and more than 18 thousand jobs in the vicinity of Hassan Abad city. This settlement can be the main potential for growth and development of Hasan Abad city. The present research studies the role of Shams Abad industrial park on sustainable development of Hassan Abad, Fashafiyah and suburbs. The method of research is library survey (a questionnaire). The results show that the establishment of Shams Abad Industrial Citycan have a favorable effect on the quality of life indicators in Hassanabad and its suburbs and has increased employment. Of these, the economic index has the highest impact and the environmental physical index has the least impact. Finally, the results of internal and external factors indicate that SO strategy is the dominant strategy in the study area.

development of the industrial settlements with the aim of encouraging the industrial sector and with considering the politician related to population density and benetifical usage of natural resources and preventing of non-justified of industrial density in the cities and accompanying the industrial development with environment protection and control of industrial pollutants are internationally recognized.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the industrial settlements in the development of cities in different aspects. This research is an applied research regards to the goal aspect and is a description research regards to the method. In this research, we used Cronbach's alpha in spss for validity. This statistic was about 0.736 for economical, 0.731 for social , 0.792 for environmental, 0.750 for physical and 0.855 for management indices. The reliability of the research 's questions was reviewed using experts opinion.

the results from structure equation showed the two indices of   "development of Employee" and "increasing migration"  in social aspect, “decreasing agriculture “and “increasing air pollution”  in environmental aspect, the “physical development of cities” and “improvement in low income residential situation”  in physical aspects, and  “creation new business” and “improvement of citizen’s income” in economical aspect, and "manager of cities a and dispersed urban management in the comprehensive plan" and "an influence of  industrial cities in development of national plan in Hasan Abad" in management aspect, had the highest and lowest correlation respectively.  The results of Chi-Square showed that there is a positive and significant correlation for all the aspect of management, physical, social and environmental in Hasan Abad and Shams Abad industrial settlements.

improvement and development of Shams Abad Industrial settlements can be effected in different aspects of economical, physical and management of Hassan Abad City and this needs coherent and integrated management capabilities.

The growth of unbridled urbanization due to migration to metropolitan areas in Iran has led to emergence ofsome sort of social rupture and loss of social rights, which has resulted in the spread of social harms in metropolises, especially in Tehran metropolis as the capital city of the country. The present study is aimed atdesigning a model for managing social harms through relying on the local community development approach and strengthening societal security in the Tehran metropolis. The research is ofprofound type in nature, and in terms of data collection the research is of non-experimental (descriptive) type.In terms of data analysis method, correlation and deductive method have been used for conducting the research. The sample size of the study (120 people) was selected from among 175 urban management experts in Tehran using Cochran's formula. The main data collection tool is a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by the research committee and two methods of Cronbach's alpha and Bayesian estimation were used to measure its reliability. The minimum Cronbach's alpha coefficient was related to the socio-cultural component (0.78) and the minimum Bayesian estimate is related to the structural component (0.71) and the maximum estimate was related to the elements of the local community development capacity model, whose Cronbach's alpha is 0.95 and its Bayesian estimate is 0.85, and indicates the proper validity of the questionnaire. Research findings show most of the people surveyed (45.8%) believe that the existing capacities of local communities in Tehran are suitable for model of managing social harms. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relevant relationships in the conceptual model. The results indicate that the most important components in the management of social harms in Tehran's neighborhoods are educational, infrastructural, economic, sociocultural and managerial-policy components. In order to improve social security,the concerned bodiesare required to prioritize the above-mentioned components in their community-oriented urban development programs.

Tourism is considered as one of the most important ways of economic development and growth in the world, but in Iran, for many reasons, it has not yet found its real place. Lalehzar Street, in fact, in the 12th district of Tehran, considering the significant and diverse potentials of tourism, in case of expert planning in the field of urban regeneration, has the ability to be one of the tourism hubs of the country, especially in the field of new tourism. To be converted. Considering that one of the methods of implementing urban regeneration is tourism planning of worn-out tissues, which is one of the main goals of this research. We intend to study this area by evaluating the potentials, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the region by focusing on the tourism structure. Therefore, it is obvious that the study method in this qualitative article and its main tool is an in-depth interview and data analysis using SWOT model. In order to investigate the issue, strategies based on the principle of recreating approach in historical contexts based on tourism approach have been presented. By applying these strategies and policies to upgrade and develop infrastructure and network of roads by defining and strengthening the tourism sidewalk and equipping and expanding spaces. Public and recreation of urban spaces in Lalehzar Street and the development and provision of urban services through modernization or the creation of new uses as well as modeling using valuable concepts and patterns in the historical-cultural context of this old street helps. Finally, the implementation of such strategies makes it possible to attend The project will promote residents and investors to attract tourists. The results of the Swat analysis showed that competitive strategies accounted for the largest area in the need to recreate the region. This suggests that the region's ultimate strategic position tends toward diversification strategies, that is, the exploitation of the region's potential to overcome potential threats, which should be the focus of most planning.

One of the methods of crime prevention, which is socially and economically less costly and helps to prevent crime more fundamentally, is crime prevention through environmental design that is less well-considered and used in our country. The purpose of this study is to use the measures of this type of preventive measures by the police, by reviewing the current situation and providing appropriate strategies for achieving the desired conditions. This research is descriptive-analytic in terms of orientation.The statistical population is the scientific law enforcement experts in the city of Tehran. For accurate interviews and achievement of the research framework, according to the scientific and practical records, , 15 police experts and 117 academic expert people were selected to answer the questionnaire. Inferential analysis was performed using statistica software. Most police interventions of environmental design based on personal minded practices and sometimes hierarchy-coordinated actions that may be largely influenced by changing each leader. Internal Police Policies on crime Prevention through environmental design Fighting crime considering the mentioned priority from the point of respondents views include: promoting the internal organization of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design, improving and introducing new preventive measures in this field and implementing internal measures for Environmental Design. Considering that internal interventions related to environmental design affect various sections of the prevention police in Tehran Bozorg, the announcement of coordinated internal regulations for environmental design by the central prevention police is one of the main steps that is essential for internal actions. In order to increase the success of internal measures of prevention police for environmental design,following elements  must be considered: appropriate organizational structure, forecasting of required credits and funding, and training of specialist personnel in the NAJA Prevention Police Programs and as a consequence, in the relevant specialized training programs (Prevention Police of Tehran Bozorg) .

For its residents, the neighborhood presents an opportunity to have informal interactions and create social cohesion. Identifying and distinguishing places and organizing them in ones’ mental structure not only allow individuals to have an effective performance but also are the sources of security and mutual understanding, and give them a pleasant and agreeable feeling. People seek physical clarity and places which are understandable and associated with their emotions and goals. The present article attempts to investigate the importance of the creating public spaces, especially in the highly dense neighborhoods and its effects on the increased security of the residents in that this protects human privacy in his residence. First, the concept of “privacy” and its functions are examined theoretically. Then the characteristics and nature of public space (collective life) of neighborhoods and finally the role of creating public spaces in building and protecting privacy of the families will be addressed. The research method is logical reasoning and a case study of on two highly dense residential areas of Tehran, Kazem-Abad and shams-Abad, along with field studies and a survey of the their residents through questionnaire. According to findings, in the present century (i.e., the last decade of the 14th century solar Hijri calender), a remarkably large population lives in the highly dense neighborhoods. If you look at people from the perspective of slave traders, and their spatial needs are conceptualized only in terms of their bodies, the effects of overcrowding are ignored. However, if people are considered human beings that are surrounded by invisibles bubbles (i.e., their privacy) which can be measured, the architecture of such neighborhoods can be examined from a new perspective.

The current situation in realms of economy, society, culture or in the area of assessing social influences may be considered inappropriate and thus different actions have been performed to improve the situation. Accordingly, different forms of development, like economic development, social development and/or political development occur.
But, people generally only recognize economic development. Societies take 3 types of actions to reach economic development:Policy making, designing plans and implementing projects
Policies have a general and software-like nature. They are usually holistic. All developmental policies, plans and projects are generally called developmental action.
Annually, multiple policies, tens and hundreds of plans and thousands of projects are designed and implemented with the aim of realizing development-i.e. improving the current situations which are considered inappropriate. Developmental actions seem to have a technological nature and up to 3 decades ago experts ignored the social nature of development and its diverse influences on people’s life.
It has been proven for about 3 decades that developmental actions do not simply have technical dimensions and apart from the negative influences they have on people’s lives, their success in reaching their goals depends on some social variables. Nowadays, we know that the success of developmental actions usually requires considering social preconditions.
Every year, many dames are constructed and people living in the dam reservoir area will be forced to leave the area. Many irrigation channels are built and their rural applicant complain about construction charges and the fact that they cannot efficiently use them. Governments plan and implement diverse policies to appropriately control fuel consumption, targeting subsidies, giving financial and credit facilities, transferring natural resources, building refineries and oil/gas facilities, developing tourism, constructing roads and performing projects like railroad, pipe lines and many other actions which all affect people’s lives.