fahimeh dehghani

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on improving relationships and mental health of young couples in Zarand city.

The research method was semi-experimental with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research included all young couples between 20 and 40 years of age who referred to counseling centers in Zarand city in 2022. 28 couples (56 people) were selected as available and were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups by lottery method. Emotion-oriented therapy intervention was conducted in 10 weekly sessions for 90 minutes. Goldberg's (1963) mental health questionnaire and Christensen and Salawi's (1984) communication patterns were used to collect data. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics tests (mean and standard deviation) and univariate covariance analysis were used with SPSS version 24 software.

The results showed that emotional therapy had an effect on improving relationships and mental health of young couples (P<0.001).

According to the results of this research, it is suggested to use emotion-oriented therapy in improving relationships and increasing mental health of young couples.

Aging is a natural phenomenon in the path of human evolution. The elderly face many challenges at this stage. Anxiety, depression, and grief over the loss of loved ones can affect the general well-being of an elderly person. Structured reminiscence therapy is one of the therapeutic methods used to improve mental health and general well-being of the elderly. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of structured reminiscing on the dimensions of general well-being of elderly women in Yazd.

The quasi-experimental research method was a pretest-posttest type with a control group, and the statistical population included all the elderly women in Yazd city in 1402. Among them, 46 people were selected by purposeful sampling and assigned to two experimental and control groups. The tool used in this research was general well-being questionnaire of Harold G. and Dapoy. Structured reminiscing was conducted on the experimental group during 8 sessions of 60 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The results were analyzed using statistical software Spss25 and Manova test.

The results showed that structured reminiscing had an effect on the dimensions of general well-being, including anxiety, depression, positive well-being, feeling of self-control, and general health. Regarding the feeling of vitality dimension, the training could not be effective and there was no improvement in this dimension.

Therefore, structured reminiscence is used as an intervention to improve the dimensions of general well-being of the elderly women, and mental health of the elderly.

Intergenerational transmission of schemas has received more attention in recent years. Then the aim of this study was to investigate Intergenerational transmission disconnection and rejection domain of maladaptive schema in mother-daughter relationships: the mediating role of the perceived Maternal Attention.  The method of research was correlation-structural equation modeling, and the research population was all mothers and their daughters in city of Mashhad, of which 207 groups of mothers (30-69) and daughters (16-30) were selected using the convenience sampling method. The sample group filled out the questionnaires, including Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form Version 3 (YSQ-S3) (2005) and Parental Bonding Instrument of Parker’s et al., (PBI) (1979). The data was analyzed using amose-24 and spss-24 software. The findings showed that the Perceived Maternal Attention can mediate the relationship between disconnection and rejection domains schemas in mothers and daughters. It can be concluded that the schemas of disconnection and rejection can affect the formation of these schemas in the daughter by transferring the perceived Maternal Attention to the daughter.

  Remarriage to an ex-spouse is one of the most challenging decisions for any man or woman after divorce. It is associated with both positive and negative challenges and consequences. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the consequences and challenges of remarriage with an ex-spouse from the perspective of women and men in Yazd city.  The method of this research was qualitative with grounded theory study. The research populations were all men and women who had remarried with their ex-spouse. The research sample was selected using purposive and snowball sampling based on the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Semi- structured interview was counducted on them. hence, ten people (7 women and 3 men) were interviewed before theoretical saturation. The results were analyzed using MAXDQDA software. After collecting and coding the data using the Strauss and Corbin method, which was based on open, axial, and selective coding, 292 concepts, 38 sub-categories, eight main categories, and one core category under the title "Family Reestablishment" were obtained. The main eight categories were Social Degradation, Mental Withdrawal, Urge to Remarry, Comprehensive Mediation, Gradual Restoration, Conscious Return, Psychological Hopelessness, and Return of Peace. Results showed that when the family breaks up, various reasons and grounds make them to return to their former life. But in this way, they try to make a successful return with less challenges through changes in their behavior or in the family foundation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of self, others, and situation forgiveness from adolescence to emerging adulthood. To this end, 395 individuals, aged 12 to 25 years in four age groups living in Isfahan, Iran, were selected by cluster (for the first three groups) and available sampling (for the fourth group). The study was a cross-sectional study with using the causal-comparative design and the required data were collected with the Forgiveness Scale. The results of the analysis of variance showed that forgiveness of self had a slight decreasing trend from the beginning of adolescence to adulthood. The results also revealed that forgiveness of others declined from 12 to 16 years of age, however, it increased in emerging adulthood. Moreover, the changes in situation forgiveness were not significant in four groups. Eta squared results showed a small effect of age on the forgiveness of self (2%) and forgiveness of others (4%). Finally, there was no significant gender difference in the forgiveness of self and others in different age groups.

Finding meaning in life reduces stress and increases life expectancy in human beings. The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences of women recovered from breast cancer and the meaning of their lives.

This qualitative study was performed on cured women with breast cancer, who referred to Yazd cancer medical centers in January and February, 2021. Eleven women with breast cancer who have been healthy for at least 5 years were interviewed based on theoretical saturation, and purposeful, in-depth and semi-structured talks. Due to COVID-19 condition, all interviews were done by telephone the interviews were analyzed using the Colaizzi's method of data analysis.

Data analysis led to the emergence of a main theme called individual and social development and four sub-themes including spiritual perfection, oneness, individual well-being and social growth. The patients saw cancer as an opportunity to reflect their own values and goals and to correct them in order to draw themselves closer to spirituality and to love other beings.

Achieving perfection, personal growth, striving for well-being and social interest play a significant role in life experiences of women recovered from cancer. Findings of this study can be used as a conceptual basis for designing meaningful teaching intervention models for patients who have recently been diagnosed with cancer.

The dangers of using social networks have led to various research in this field in recent decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of jealousy and the moderating role of spouse support perception in the relationship between upward social comparison and depression in virtual social networks.

The research method was correlation-structural equation model. The study population consisted of married people in Kerman and a sample of 320 men and women in this city who were selected using the convenience sampling method and through a link sent to them answered to a researcher-made questionnaire of upward social comparison in social networks, Radloff (1991) Depression questionnaire, Tandoc, Ferrucci, and Duffy (2015) Jealousy in social media Questionnaire, and the Revised Support in Intimate Relationships Scale of Dehle, Larsen and Landers (2001). Then the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations.

The findings of the study showed that jealousy can play a mediating role in the relationship between upward social comparison in virtual social networks and depression. Also, the perception of spouse support was able to moderate the relationship between jealousy in virtual social networks and depression.

According to the findings, it can be said that upward comparison with others, in addition to the effect on jealousy in virtual social networks, can also increase depression in married people. Meanwhile, the perception of spouse support can be effective in reducing the consequences of jealousy in these networks.

Violence against spouse is an important and serious social damage that exists between couples and nowadays it is still observed despite cultural advances and changes in thinking style. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting violence against spouse based on childhood maltreatment experiences of divorce seekers in Isfahan.
The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. In addition, the statistical population of the study included all divorce seekers who were referred to the counseling centers under the contract with Isfahan court of law. These people had already registered in an online divorce platform named Tasmim from May to July in 2021. 211 people were selected by available sampling method for the study and answered the questionnaires. The instruments used in this study were Strauss et al.'s Conflict Tactics Questionnaire (CTS2) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Data analysis was performed by SPSS 22 software, Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis.
Pearson correlation findings indicated that all types of maltreatment including physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse had a positive and significant relationship with violence against spouse. Furthermore, the results of regression analysis showed that among different types of maltreatment, emotional neglect and emotional abuse predict violence against spouse in divorce seekers in Isfahan.
Therefore, it can be concluded that child maltreatment can lead to violence against spouse in the future.

Stress and social isolation can lead to the progression of the disease or the recurrence of cancer, in this regard, the need for stress management and mental relaxation in these people is essential. One of the ways to create peace in humans is to have meaning in life, and logotherapy education can play an effective role in achieving this goal. Today, logotherapy education is done in different ways for different target communities in the world, and the lack of a native Iranian model of logotherapy is considered one of our existing educational deficiencies. This study aims to validate a Iranian model of logotherapy for breast cancer patients.
 

This descriptive-survey study was conducted based on the results of  Neamati's Ph.D thesis (29) on the lived experience of cancer patients. This model include 4 main themes (individual and social development, transcendental suffering, positive psychological abilities, and the angel of death) and 16 sub-themes.The statistical population of this study included all psychologists in 1400, and 120 psychologists were selected by convenience sampling method. The data obtained from the survey of the psychologists were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and Amos22 software.

The findings of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loads related to the relationship between the main theme and its sub-themes, in response to questions about patients' perceptions of the meaning of life, patients' perceptions of cancer, patients' perceptions of cancer strategies and its complications, and patients' perception of the meaning of death are in a favorable condition (0.6 to 0.7). Also, the explained variance of all sub-themes was higher than 25%.

The native model of logotherapy for breast cancer patients has a good fit. It is suggested that the logotherapy-based  model be implemented in cancer treatment centers and counseling and psychological centers for these patients.

The study aimed to investigate the role of anger rumination in the relationship between anxious attachment style and conflict resolution strategies in women on the verge of divorce.

This was a descriptive-correlational study and the sample included 165 women seeking divorce from the Yazd Judiciary who were selected by convenience sampling method. The instruments included Strauss et al.'s Conflict Resolution Strategies Questionnaire, Collins and Read Attachment Styles, and anger Ruminant scale of Sukhodolsky et al. Structural equation model and Amos software were used to evaluate the data.

showed that the fit indices of the conceptual model after minor corrections were at an acceptable level and the evaluated model had a good fit with the data. The direct effect of anxious attachment on anger rumination (0.55) and the indirect effect of anger rumination on negotiation (-0.18) and psychological aggression (0.29) was significant but the direct effect of anxiety attachment was not significant on any of conflict resolution strategies.

Based on the obtained results, it can be argued that the style of anxious attachment in individuals can affect negotiation conflict resolution strategies and psychological violence through the rumination of angry thoughts.

Coronavirus pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented crisis in employment and educational contexts. The prevalence of these viruses and hereupon virtualization of education have been shown to have negative and detrimental effects on the quality of life and have led to arising existing challenges in education and personal life. This study has targeted the factors affecting the teachers' life quality during virtual learning through adopting a qualitative approach and phenomenological method. The statistical population of this study included teachers living in Isfahan, 17 of whom were selected through purposive sampling to reach saturation value, during 1399-1400 school year. Semi-structured interviews were employed to gather data and Van Manen-based analysis method was employed to analyze the data. The results indicate that the teachers' life quality during virtual learning was affected by twelve sub-themes which were classified into five key factors including economic problems, occupational burnout, reduced interpersonal interactions, lack of leisure time and mental stress. This research can be advantageous to better understand the problems and requirements of teachers community during the virtual learning period.

Families of patients with chronic mental and physical disorders provide patients with a number of supportive measures. Caregivers of this group of patients endure a lot of care stress Identifying the extent of these stresses can play a decisive role in promoting their mental health. This study was conducted to compare the care stress in caregivers of patients with chronic physical and mental diseases.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 300 patients with cancer or mental disorders who referred to the inpatient and outpatient wards of Seyed Al-Shohada, Noor, and Farabi hospitals Isfahan City, Iran, in the summer of 2019, were selected by convenient methods. Data collection tools included Novak and Gast Stress Pressure Questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire of demographic characteristics. Data analysis was performed using independent t test.

The mean care stress among caregivers of patients with cancer was 55.8 ± 17.92 as well as 62.60 ± 20.02 among the caregivers of patients with mental disorders. There was a significant difference between the overall score of caring stress and its subscales among the caregivers of patients with cancer or mental disorders. According to the mean scores, these values were higher among the caregivers of patients with psychiatric disorders than that of patients with cancer. However, there was no significant difference between the timedependent care stress components.

Based on the findings of this study, patients with chronic diseases place a great deal of care stress on caregivers. In addition, the mean care stress in caregivers of patients with mental disorders are higher than in patients with cancer.

One of the health-related problems in the workplace is job-related stress. Nursing is one of the professions in which nurses experience a lot of stress. Job stress is a physical and emotional response that occurs when job demands conflict with one's ability, resources, or needs. High workload and long working hours, dissatisfaction with wages and benefits, communication with patients and their relatives, communication with doctors and other nurses, working on holidays are some of the things that lead to stress in nurses. Long-term work stress has a negative effect on nurses' physical and mental health and reduces their psychological well-being. According to Ryff studies, psychological well-being is one of the most important components of health. Psychological well-being can be defined as a positive psychological function that includes self-acceptance, a sense of autonomy, purpose in life, environmental mastery, personal growth, and positive relations with others. Cognitive flexibility is the ability to adapt cognitive and behavioral strategies in response to environmental changes. As a result, it allows people to react more adaptably to stressors or life events, resulting in psychological well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between job stress and psychological well-being with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility.

The present study was a cross-sectional correlational study. The statistical population included all nurses working in hospitals in Isfahan in 2019. Using cluster sampling method, four hospitals in Isfahan (Kashani, Chamran, Khorshid and Hojjatieh) were randomly selected and then 4 wards were randomly selected from each hospital and 150 questionnaires were distributed among the nurses of those wards. In order to observe ethical considerations, the research samples voluntarily entered the research and signed a written consent. They were also assured that the information in their questionnaire would remain confidential. In addition, this study has a research ethics code. The research tool consisted of three questionnaires. 1- HSE Job Stress Questionnaire with 35 questions designed to measure work-related stress by the UK Safety and Health Executive. Higher scores indicate high levels of stress. In Iran, the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha was 0.78. 2- Short Form of Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Questionnaire which included 18 questions. Higher score indicates better psychological well-being. In Iran, Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale was 0.71. 3- Cognitive flexibility questionnaire is a short 20-item self-report tool. This questionnaire is used to assess a person's progress in creating flexible thinking. In Iran, the total test-retest reliability coefficient has been reported to be 0.71. To analyze the data, SPSS software version 16 and to test the mediating role cognitive flexibility in the relationship between of job stress and psychological well-being, the proposed steps of Baron and Kenny were used by hierarchical regression method.

Demographic variables showed that 111 (74%) of the nurses were women and 39 (26%) were men. 46 (30.7%) were single and 104 (69.3%) were married. The highest frequency of nurses' education was 119 that related to bachelor degree (79.3%).The mean (standard deviation) of study variables including job stress was 89.94 (±16.97), cognitive flexibility was 102.41 (±14.69) and psychological well-being was 78.28 (±9.44). The results of Pearson correlation showed that job stress has a negative relationship with two variables of cognitive flexibility and psychological well-being and cognitive flexibility has a positive relationship with psychological well-being. The results of regression analysis showed that in the first stage, job stress with beta (β = -0.42) is a significant predictor of psychological well-being. In the second stage, the variables of job stress and cognitive flexibility predicted psychological well-being with beta (β = -0.21 and β = 0.54), respectively. Due to the fact that the beta of job stress decreased in the second stage compared to the first stage, the partial mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between job stress and psychological well-being was confirmed.

Most people can cope with stress for a short time, but chronic stress causes changes in physiological and psychological status, the consequences of which can decrease psychological well-being. It seems that some factors play a mediating role in the relationship between job stress and psychological well-being, including cognitive flexibility, which was examined and confirmed in this study. More flexible persons can consider difficult situations and life events as manageable situations and think of alternative solutions. In such situations, a person's capacity to cope, adapt and get rid of stress and difficulties in life increases. The nursing profession is one that requires the observation of various factors and information, each of which may require a different response. For example, in addition to paying attention to the patient's emotional, behavioral, and physiological states, they should response to the diagnostic and therapeutic information obtained for each patient. Their work environment can be accompanied by sudden changes that require vigilance and the ability to shift attention from one job to another. Thus, cognitive flexibility, which includes the ability to change cognitive sets to adapt to changing environmental stimuli, helps nurses respond to the ever-changing work environment. It should be noted that part of the negative relationship between job stress and psychological well-being is affected by reduced cognitive flexibility. Therefore, when it is not possible to eliminate the source of stress, strengthening cognitive flexibility can reduce the negative effects of stress. In this regard, it is suggested that sessions be held with the aim of training cognitive flexibility to nurses and its effectiveness on increasing psychological well-being is examined.

Marital satisfaction is one of the most important variables affecting family function that is affected by various psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between emotional schemas and marital satisfaction. 

The method of this research is descriptive-correlational. Three hundred four married female students of Yazd University were selected by the available sampling method and fill out the marital satisfaction (Enrich, 1989), emotional schemas (Khanezadeh et al., 2008), and five facet mindfulness (Baer et al., 2006) questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and AMOS software. 

The results showed that the model was acceptable for fitting and showed that emotional schemas and mindfulness had a direct effect on marital satisfaction. Mediating results also showed that emotional schemas through mindfulness indirectly affect marital satisfaction and mindfulness can significantly play the partial mediating role. The direct and indirect effects of emotional schemas on satisfaction were negative twenty-three hundredths and negative thirteen hundredths respectively. 

According to the findings of this study, paying attention to variables such as emotional schemas and mindfulness can play a role in increasing the marital satisfaction of couples.

Caregivers' emotions can affect the quality of life of patients with epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of dimensions of spiritual intelligence in the relationship between mindfulness and expressed emotion in the caregivers of epileptic patients.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study sample consisted of 90 epileptic patients and their caregivers that were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to the expressed emotion, Kentucky Mindfulness Skills, and Spiritual Intelligence questionnaires. The hypothesis of the research was investigated by hierarchical regression analysis using the proposed steps of Baron and Kenny.

The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that in the first step, mindfulness (beta=-0.39) can predict expressed emotion. In the second step, mindfulness (beta=-0.28) and only the ability to deal with problems dimension of spiritual intelligence (beta=-0.27) predict expressed emotion. Due to the decrease of the beta value of mindfulness in the second stage compared to the first stage, the partial mediating role of the ability to deal with problems in the relationship between mindfulness and the expressed emotion is confirmed.

Mindfulness is associated with the expressed emotion of caregivers of patients with epilepsy, and the ability to deal with problems as one of the dimensions of spiritual intelligence plays a mediating role. Therefore, it is suggested to pay more attention to psychological training in promoting the mindfulness and spiritual intelligence of caregivers of epileptic patients.

this study aimed to investigate the development of just world beliefs for self and others from adolescence to emerging adulthood in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 395 participants in four age groups: 12 year-olds (n=105), 14 year-olds (n=100), 16 year-olds (n=96), and 18-25 year-olds (n=94), selected by cluster and convenience sampling method and answered to Self-Other Belief in a Just World scale (Sutton and Douglas, 2005). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc test and independent t-test. The results of MANOVA showed that there were significant group effects on BJW scores. The pair-wise comparisons indicated that the scores of just world beliefs for self and others in the 16 year-olds group is significantly lower than the 12 year-olds and the scores of just world beliefs for self in the 18-25 year-olds were higher than 16 year-olds. But the scores of just world beliefs for others did not change significantly. The finding of this study showed gender differences in the scores of just world beliefs for others in the 12 year-olds in which boys were stronger than girls in this belief. In general, according to the results just world beliefs decrease during adolescence.

Elderly is one of the most important periods of every person’s life, which can have negative physical and psychological consequences for the individual, family and society if not spent with satisfaction and quality. Due to the change in the age structure of Iran's population from youth into old age, many researchers have considered the predictor variables of the life satisfaction in this age group. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to predict life satisfaction based on attachment styles and gratitude in the elderly. This was a descriptive study of correlational type. The statistical population consisted of the all elderly living in nursing homes of Yazd, Iran, among which Fatemeh Al-Zahra nursing home in Taft was selected. Selected using convenience sampling method were 110 people who filled out the satisfaction with life scale (Diener et al.), experiences in close relationships-revised (Brennan, Clark & Shaver), gratitude questionnaire (McCullough et al). The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis in SPSS-24 software. The results obtained from Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that among the predictor variables, avoidance attachment and gratitude respectively, had negative and positive correlation with life satisfaction, but there was no significant relationship between anxious attachment and life satisfaction. Besides, regression analysis showed that among avoidance attachment and gratitude variables, it was only gratitude that predicted life satisfaction significantly (p < 0.05). Gratitude could explain 44% of the variance of life satisfaction. Based on the mentioned results, gratitude as a positive and valuable characteristic, predicts life satisfaction in the elderly, through affecting social interactions and inducing positive change in one’s outlook on life.

In order to reduce the harm inflicted by aggression, the antecedent of it must be identified. The previous research findings have demonstrated that alexithymia is one of these factors, but the mechanisms underlying this connection are not well-understood. The present study aimed to assess impulsivity as a mediator of the relationship between alexithymia and aggressive behavior among university students.

This study was descriptive correlational in design and the participants were 198 students from Yazd University in the academic year of 2017-2018. These students were assessed by Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Afterwards, the data was analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling Technique (SEM) utilizing Amos software.

Analyses indicated that alexithymia and aggression were positively correlated with one another, as well as impulsivity. Analyses of mediation indicated that impulsivity partially mediated the association between alexithymia and aggression in Iranian students.

The results indicate that the effect of alexithymia on aggression was partially mediated by impulsivity. Hence, the future research can examine the other possible mediators.

Today, high risk behaviors in adolescents have become one of the most important concerns of society which are influenced by various factors. Time perspective is how one perceives or evaluates past, present, and future that greatly influences on its decisions. Peer rejection is also one of the variables that has received special attention in the area of adolescent behaviors. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of time perspective and peer rejection in predicting high-risk behaviors of adolescents of Yazd city.

This study was descriptive cross-sectional. Statistical population consisted of adolescents aged 15-17 that from them 378 persons were selected using quota sampling method. The tool used in this study was Time Perspective Questionnaire, Iranian Adolescents Risk-Taking Scale, and Peer Rejection Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics including Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis.

The results of regression analysis showed that in girls, among the dimensions of the time perspective, only the past negative dimension (p=0.03) could predict high-risk behaviors and in boys the past negative (p=0.001), past positive (p=0.04) and present fatalistic (p=0.006) are predictors of high-risk behaviors. Peer rejection was not able to predict high-risk behaviors in any of the groups (p>0.05).

According to the findings, time perspective is one of the factors affecting the high-risk behaviors of adolescents. Therefore, psychological education based on time perspective can be effective on high-risk behaviors.

Improvement of productivity is one of the most important aims of organizations. Employees and managers play a central role in enhancing the organization's productivity. Therefore, it is important to consider the effective factors on improving it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of work conscience in the relationship between employees' spiritual intelligence and productivity.

The research design was cross-sectional and correlational. The participants included 248 employees of the Yazd Education Organization (8 managers, 60 deputies, and 180 employees) selected by proportional stratified sampling method. Data were collected using Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (King, 2008), Work Conscience Questionnaire (Barrick & Mount, 1991), and Productivity Questionnaire (Hersey & Goldsmith, 1983). Data analysis was performed using correlation method based on the structural equation modeling approach using AMOS software version 24.

The analysis showed that the model has a suitable fit to data. The  direct effect of spiritual intelligence on work conscience (0.58) and the direct effect of work conscience on productivity (0.51) were positive and significant. However, the direct effect of spiritual intelligence on productivity was not significant; so, it was omitted from the model. Moreover, the result of bootstrap test indicated a significant and indirect effect of spiritual intelligence on productivity by mediating the role of work conscience.

It can be concluded that managers of organizations can increase their working conscience by enhancing the spiritual intelligence of their employees and achieve more productivity.

 The quality of hospital systems depends greatly on the performance of nurses, and the performance of nurses has a significant effect on individual patients` satisfaction. Therefore, it is important to examine the factors related to nurses' performance. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and occupational hardiness and the job performance in pre-hospital and hospital emergency nurses in Yazd.

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 132 nurses working in pre-hospital and hospital emergency in Yazd University of Medical Sciences, who were selected using stratified sampling with proportional allocation in 2016. Data were collected through three questionnaires including spiritual intelligence, occupational hardiness and job performance. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression in SPSS version 19.0 (IBM, USA).

 The mean score of job performance, spiritual intelligence and occupational hardiness were 52.46±11.16, 121.32±12.59, and 53.29±8.72, respectively. According to the results, spiritual intelligence and occupational hardiness can predict the job performance. (R2=%18, P<0.01). Both spiritual intelligence (β=0.32, P=0.001) and occupational hardiness (β=0.24, P=0.004) showed significant positive contribution in the prediction of the job performance.

 According to the results, developing spiritual intelligence and occupational hardiness can help to improve the job performance of the pre-hospital and hospital emergency nurses.

This study aimed to investigate The Role Emotional Expressiveness and Fear of Intimacy at Prediction of Quality Interpersonal Relationship at the Individuals with Cancer. This research was a descriptive study of correlational and causal-comparative. The population of this study was all Cancer Individuals of shahid Ramezanzadeh Center of Yazd. From this community, 115 people were selected via Convenience Sampling. There King  & Emmons’s emotional expressiveness, Descutner and Thelen’s Fear of intimacy and Pierce, Sarason, Sarason’s quality of interpersonal relationships were used for this research. Pearson correlation and Enter regression were used for statistical analyze. The data were analysis using spss22 software. . Findings indicated that there is a significant and Negative relationship between Fear of intimacy with quality of interpersonal relationships (-0/379) and there is a significant and Positive relationship between emotional expressiveness with quality of interpersonal relationships (0/598). According to the findings, 49 percent of the variance in quality of interpersonal relationships are explained by emotional expressiveness and Fear of intimacy.

Introduction and Postpartum depression is one of the important psychological problems of the mother during pregnancy and afterwards. The purpose of this study was to determine postpartum depression based on spouse intimacy and general self-efficacy in the first birth.
Material and It was a cross- sectional study. The statistical population consists of all women who had the first birth experience in the city of Yazd. With multistage cluster random sampling method, 200 women selected and were tested by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Sherer Self-Efficacy Scale (SES) and Walker and Thompson Intimacy Scale. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation, Independent samples t-test, Analysis of Variance and Multivariate Regression analysis. The results showed that there was a relationship between age and education with postpartum depression (p0.05). The main hypothesis of the study was that the spouse intimacy, self-efficacy and age were predicted postpartum depression in the first birth (p

Drug addiction is a painful fact especially in the youth population. It is one of the main social, economic and hygienic problem, which has negative effects on the human life. Therefore, finding predisposing factors of addiction can help decrease this phenomenon. Family function and sensation seeking are two factors that seems to play a role in tendency towards drug abuse. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among tendency towards drug abuse, family function, and sensation seeking in university students and gender differences in prediction of tendency towards drug abuse.

In this descriptive-correlational study, a total of 350 university students were selected by the convenience sampling method in Yazd University. They were evaluated by Addiction Potential Scale (Weed, 1992), Family Assessment Device Scale (McMaster, 1983), and Sensation Seeking Scale (Zukerman, 1968). Data analysis was done by Regression Analysis.

Findings showed that family function among female students and sensation seeking among male students is significantly related to the tendency towards drug abuse (P < 0.05); in addition, regression analysis showed that roles subscale of family function among female respondents and adventure subscale of sensation seeking among male respondents were predictors of tendency towards drug.

This study showed that sensation seeking as a personality factor and family function as an environmental factor can effect on student’s tendency towards drug.

Body image is a multifactorial concept, which is one of the most fundamental concerns for individuals. We aimed to predict body image dissatisfaction based on spiritual intelligence and socio-cultural patterns in women attending gyms in Yazd, Iran.
This descriptive correlational study was performed among female residents of Yazd who participated sports classes in 2015. Overall, 351 individuals were selected by using the random cluster sampling method. The data collection instruments included Body Image Concern Inventory, as well as spiritual intelligence and socio-cultural patterns questionnaires. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis tests were run in SPSS, version 22.
We found a negative correlation between spiritual intelligence and body image dissatisfaction. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between socio-cultural patterns and body image dissatisfaction (P≤0.05). In addition, both spiritual intelligence and socio -cultural patterns predicted body image dissatisfaction, yet spiritual intelligence was a stronger contributing factor.
Results showed that spiritual intelligence and socio-cultural patterns play a significant role in the anticipation of body image dissatisfaction. However, the former is a stronger predictor of body image dissatisfaction as compared to the latter. Therefore, a survey of effectiveness of spiritual intelligence training sessions to reduce body image dissatisfaction is suggested for future research.