fariba askarian

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of digital marketing mix on the behavioral tendencies of customers in sports stores in Markazi province with the mediating role of customer relationship quality.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships of variables. The statistical population of the study included customers of sports stores in Markazi province and 443 customers were selected as a statistical sample by purposive and available sampling. Data collection tools included a researcher-made digital marketing mix questionnaire; a standard customer relationship quality adapted questionnaire by Niadzaio and Khajehzadeh (2016), and a Behavioral Tendency Questionnaire by Lin (2006) and Kim & Lee (2008). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts, and the construct validity was confirmed using factor analysis. Also, their reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88, 0.96, and 0.95. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics and structural equation modeling using SPSS and LISREL software.

The results showed that the digital marketing mix has a significant effect on behavioral tendencies and customer relationship quality of sports stores in Markazi province; Also, the digital marketing mix with the mediating role of customer relationship quality was influential on the behavioral tendencies of customers in sports stores in Markazi province.

As a result, it can be said that store and business owners, can use the positive effects of digital marketing mixed to improve the behavioral tendencies of customers, along with using the advantages of the customer relationship quality to increase the competitiveness of their business.

This research aimed to estimate the economic-recreational value of Azadi Stadium from the spectators' perspective using a contingent valuation approach (CVM). This research was descriptive and applied in nature. The statistical population includes fans who have attended matches at Azadi Stadium at least once in 2022. A sample of 418 individuals was selected from this population using simple random sampling, and the necessary information was collected through the willingness-to-pay questionnaire developed by Wicker and Colleagues (2016). Data analysis was conducted using the logit method, utilizing the Stata and Shazam software. The findings reveal that the average willingness of fans to pay to attend games at Azadi Stadium is 91,000 Tomans per game, and the estimated economic and recreational value for one season is approximately 1,350 billion Rials. Furthermore, factors such as income, watching matches on television, satisfaction with stadium facilities, and enjoyment of the games significantly and positively impact the willingness to pay to attend stadium matches. On the other hand, variables like age, education level, proposed price, and marital status negatively influence this willingness to pay.Originality: Limited research has been conducted on the economics of recreational sports facilities, explicitly focusing on contingent valuation methodology. Estimating the economic value is crucial for decision-making regarding investment, improvement, and operation of stadiums.

The purpose of this research was to provide practical guidelines for water places during the corona and post-corona pandemic.

The method of data collection was a description of the analytical type and it was cross-sectional in terms of time. In this study, scientific research articles displayed in reputable databases related to water sites and Covid-19 were considered as a statistical population.

Findings revealed that there is no evidence that Covid-19 was transmitted to human through swimming pool's water.

Beneficiaries of water sites with observance of hygienic protocols such as, observing microbiological standards of water, the standards of ventilation system and disinfection of the environment and equipment, and by appointing officers or operators to implement hygienic procedures and under the supervision of the of Health center would provide a basis to lead to reactivation and safety of water sites in Iran.

The research aimed to estimate the economic-recreational value of Yadegar Emam Stadium in Tabriz from the spectators' perspective using the contingent valuation approach. A sample size of 415 football fans attending the matches was studied through simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used, and Logit and Probit rank-based methods with Stata software were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that factors including income, proposed price, watching matches on television, satisfaction with stadium facilities, and enjoyment from watching games, positively influenced the willingness to pay. Conversely, variables including education level, age, and marital status had a negative correlation with willingness to pay. These results highlight the significant economic and recreational value held by Yadegar Emam Stadium. The estimation data can aid in managerial decision-making, sports development, and planning, leading to economic and social benefits, and promoting the football industry.

One of the most important approaches of society to living and health standards is Investigating the consumption pattern and the trend of changes in household sports consumption.

This study was descriptive-analytical and due to the nature of the issue, data collection on household sports expenditures was done in 7 groups using a16- year period documents taken from the Statistics Center and Central Bank of Iran websites. At first the data were obtained using descriptive statistics; then, they were summarized using tables and graphs; and then, with econometric methods, relative and real changes were calculated according to the price index in the above years. Finally, to eliminate the effects of inflation, its relative and real growth was calculated. Also, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, paired t-test, and independent t-test was used at α = 0.05 with SPSS.

The results show that household sports expenditures in 2016 compared to 2001 had 95% real growth. Of the total sports expenditures, about 61% were related to urban households and the rest to rural households. Urban household per capita in 2016 had a significant decrease and negative growth but rural household sports per capita increased and had positive growth.

Lack of significant sports participation in Iran, increasing inflation shifting the share of important expenses for households, and increasing urbanization rates can be factors affecting the results. Unbridled inflation control, creating a culture and sports subsidies for sports facilities, can be a way in this direction in sports participation and consequently the expenses of more and more people in sports, which also leads to the economic growth of the sports industry.

It is very necessary to safety management of pools by considering appropriate considerations and following strict hygienic guidelines, especially in critical situations. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to design a model of safety management of swimming pools in the condition of hygienic crises, with an emphasis on the Covid-19 crisis. The current research had an exploratory nature, and was implemented a qualitative method. The statistical population of the research consisted of 15 members of the academic staff, some members of the swimming federation and the lifeguard federation, pool managers and hygienic engineers; who were selected purposefully and using the snowball technique. The data from the in-depth interviews were analyzed with a constructivist (Charmas) grounded theory approach. Based on findings, 232 final codes, 37 subcategories and 12 main categories approached and were explained by theoretical coding and relationships between components. In this multi-layered model, pool safety is the main variable and the goal of this research. Categories of system factors, hygienic factors, improving knowledge, The policy of government organizations and institutions, organizational factors, and standardization are in the outer layer and the categories of smoothing the path of hygienic, attention to customers, crisis management, the support of government organizations and institutions, increasing efficiency, increasing effectiveness with the aim of maximum safety of the pools are located in the inner layers of the model. According to the model, each of these factors can affect each other and be influenced by each other. This model shows that to create safety management in swimming pools, the dimension of the internal and external aspects of hardware and software can be effective.

The sports tourism brand of each country has an undeniable effect on attracting sports tourists and can introduce countries for the activists of this easy industry and guide and help tourists in the destination and have a significant contribution to the income generation of a country. It should be acknowledged that many factors can affect the destination branding, which in some scattered articles and researches, some of these indicators have been mentioned. So, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of environmental quality indicators on Damavand sports tourism branding which is known as one of the tourist attractions.

The present study is descriptive-analytical and, using multivariate regression statistical methods and path analysis. According to the Morgan’s table The statistical population included 384 sports tourists based on convenience sampling method. To gather data, Rezvani (2017) and Acker (1991) questionnaires were used.

The results showed that the economic component had the most and the natural environment component had the least direct effect on Damavand sports tourism branding. Also, taking into account the indirect effects, the component of the institutional environment has had the most impact.

Therefore, in order to brand Damavand sports tourism, it is necessary to pay more attention to the factors affecting the economic and institutional environment and solving the problems of the natural environment.

The purpose of this research is a systematic review of the economic benefits of sports development. It is qualitative and descriptive in terms of type, practical in terms of purpose, and systematic review according to the implementation method. In order to obtain the desired scientific evidence, an electronic search was conducted based on relevant keywords in Persian and English published sources. The time period selected for document search was between 1995 and 2022 and in Embase, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science data beses. In the first stage, 338 articles were found which after removing the duplicates, were reduced to 302 articles, and in the next stage by reviewing the abstract and title of the articles, 183 articles were removed and the number of articles was reduced to 119 articles. Finally, considering the entry and exit criteria designed in this research and going through the PRISMA checklist, 15 articles were systematically reviewed. Based on the results obtained, it seems that the main challenge around the world is to create a public health culture, which can be achieved only with macro and strategic planning in the field of developing sports and physical activity with prioritization in the public sports sector, the necessary infrastructure in the production of equipment and public sports facilities, as well as paying attention to the infrastructure of championship sports

This research aimed to design a model for the role of social media in developing sports businesses. This research has a qualitative approach, and the Grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin has been used. The data collection method was in-depth interviews with 17 sports management professors and sports business owners after reaching theoretical saturation. The validity of this research was confirmed by the expert professors; and, to calculate the reliability, the intra-subject agreement method was used, which got 82%. To analyze the data, the coding method was used in three stages, open, Axial, and selective coding. In the analysis of qualitative findings, 324 Open coding and 37 Axial coding, and 19 selective codes were extracted, in which the causal conditions include (features of nature, management factors, facilities, financial), contextual conditions (structural, financial elements), legal protection, cultural factors), intervening conditions (legal obstacles, political factors, infrastructural factors, cultural obstacles), strategies (economic support, managerial policies, culture building, legal protection) and consequences (consequences economic, employment generation, income generation, business prosperity) were categorized. Considering the importance of businesses in the current economy and job creation, it should pay special attention to removing obstacles in the development of businesses; therefore, sports business owners are advised to use the model identified in this research to develop their businesses.

Sports Investments is one of the most unique sports events, in the country dealing both with collectors and dealers.

The purpose of this study was to compare the sports investment o Iran in 2016 and 1998. Therefore, we estimate the value of the sports investment sector and share of total investment, GDP, GDSP and compare with 1998 in Iran.

In this study, national accounts were used. Most of the basic data fare available in a decentralized manner in the Statistics Center and the Program and Budget Organization of Iran. Due to achieving real changes in sports investment between 1998 and 2016, prices in 1998 was considered as the base year and were considered. Then using the price index of the desired years, the effects of inflation were eliminated and growth real was calculated.

The results indicate that investment in sport in 1998 was 360 billion Rials, which is 0.43% of total investment, 0.1% GDP, and 26.2% of GDSP. Also, investment in sport in 2016 was 15449 billion Rials, which is 0.46% of total investment, 0.11% GDP and, 73.38% of GDSP. Investment in sport in 2016 compared to 1998 had 2347% real growth.

Although, investment in sport in 2016 compared to 1998 has grown, but it is very small compared to the total investments. Results also show the major share of the public sector and the low participation of the private sector.

The overall objective of the present study was to determine the impact of social responsibility and environmental orientation on green marketing performance of Tehran municipality sports programs.

The present study was a descriptive correlational research based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of managers of Tehran municipality (managers of 22 districts and sports complexes) with 800 persons and the statistical sample was selected based on Cochran formula 260. In this study, Turker (2009) Social Responsibility Questionnaire ,, Banerjee (2002) Environmental Attitude and Fraj (2013) Marketing Performance Questionnaire were used. The apparent validity of the questionnaires was assessed using expert opinion and the construct validity (divergent and convergent) was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and Fornell and Larcker criteria .. Cronbach's alpha test was used to confirm the reliability of the questionnaires (α=0.77). Structural equation analysis with PLS statistical software was also used to analyze the data.

The results showed that social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on marketing performance and explains 38.3% of the variance of marketing performance. However, environmental attitude did not show a significant effect on marketing performance.

Therefore, it is suggested that green market orientation strategies be considered as one of the most important strategies in green performance improvement in RTSA in Tehran Municipality Sport Organization.

 

The reduction of public participation in many sports fields due to various issues, including economic, political and social pressures, has led sport development to become a planned and up-and-down process to enhance the sustainability of sports participation by influencing the quality and variety of programs offered to all people in the community with every level of sport. Since the removal of barriers to sport development is one of the main steps and the beginning of its realization, the purpose of the present study is to identify the obstacles that exist in the path of the sport industry development process of the country.

The method of research is qualitative and based on theme analysis. For collecting data, snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 knowledgeable elites. Data was performed based on the six stages of theme analysis with the approach presented by Clarke and Braun (2006).

According to the results, the barriers to sport development in 42 sub themes and 8 main themes were extracted and explained: cultural, economic, political barriers, systemic-human, management, infrastructure, technological and media barriers.

The careful consideration given to the obstacles suggests that some of these obstacles, such as cultural, economic and political barriers, are barriers to the land. Therefore, in removing obstacles to the development of the country's sport, there should be a closer look at the barriers that underlie the barriers and feed other obstacles.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of green branding and market orientation on green marketing performance of Tehran municipality sports programs. The present study was a descriptive correlational research based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of managers of Tehran municipality (managers of 22 districts and sports complexes) with 800 persons and the statistical sample was selected based on Cochran formula 260 persons. In this study, questionnaires of Green Branding and Market Orientation on Green Marketing Performance were used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that green market orientation has a significant positive effect on green marketing performance. Whereas, brandies had no significant effect on green marketing performance. Also, it was observed that green market orientation explained 52.8% of the variance of green marketing performance. Therefore, adopting internal strategic plans to promote green branding in sports programs of Tehran Municipality seems necessary.

The purpose of this study was designing the model of  sports talent development system in Iran.

In the present research, qualitative research method based on Grounded theory was used. Also, for data collection, snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews with 16 elites, who aware of the subject, were used. The collected data were analyzed by coding the Grounded Theory with the constructivist approach by Charms (2006). coding was done in two phases: initial coding and focused coding. Then theoretical coding was used to form focused codes. Also the data has been verified periodically by the researcher.

The Results shows that the model of sports talent development system in Iran has four parts which include: input (specialist human sources, financial sources and infrastructure sources)  processes (talent management, competition, education, scientific approach and also three necessities like talent support, efficient structure, institutional coordination and communication) output (national and international successes, the development of championship and professional sport, gaining financial results and having enough talent) and  feedback (Control and evaluation system).

to implement a talent development system in the country, 15 key factors classified in 4 major modules should be considered.  It is crucial to understand the importance of each module, since any minor problem in any of these modules, will generate problems for other modules.

The aim of this study was to develop the model of sport development in Iran with an emphasis on the stakeholders, practices and processes. In the present research, qualitative method based on the grounded theory was used. For data collection, snowball sampling method and semi-structured interviews with 15 elites, who were aware of the subject, were used. The collected data were analyzed by coding the grounded theory with the constructivist approach by Charms (2006). Coding was conducted in two phases: initial coding and focused coding. Then, theoretical coding was used to form focused codes. The data and obtained codes were assessed periodically by the researcher to ascertain their accuracy. The Results showed that according to the systematic approach, the model of sport development in Iran had five parts: input which included stakeholders (macro, middle and micro) and practices (development of human system, management development, development of financial system, development of equipment and facilities, cultural development, institutional development, promotion, development of the competition system), process which included three processes of attraction, retention (retention of talent, retention of community sport participation) and nurturing, output which included sociocultural consequences, economic consequences and political consequences, feedback system (control and evaluation system), and ultimately, the environment which included sociocultural, economic and political-legal grounds. It seems that for effective development of sport in Iran, it is necessary for macro-stakeholders such as the government to adopt the right and necessary policies in this regard and for those organizations that directly and indirectly paly roles in developing sport to define and operate these policies in the form of related practices and processes so that the necessary opportunities, structure and contexts for the participation of sport consumers can be provided in the form of a system.

This review was purposed to systematically explore how host communities have been affected by the sports mega-events. This systematic review identified the related literature strengths and weaknesses, identified the existing gaps in this regard, and provided the following researchers with new state-of-the-art strategies and implications.

The Web of Science databases, Scopus, Google Scholar and PubMed have been thoroughly explored. Moreover, a manual search has been carried out in the most relevant references and documents to ensure sufficiency. Indeed, data surveys and extraction were conducted based on a predefined protocol, and finally, 40 selected documents have been analyzed.

The results revealed that the effects of sports mega-events on the host communities could be categorized into positive and negative ones. Most studies have explored subjects inferred from the findings, including socio-economic impacts, tourism, heritage, image, media, hygiene, cultural, and environmental effects. However, other affected has implications by prostitution-related, psychological, spatial, commercial, voluntary, financial and recreational issues have been rarely considered.

 This study provides policy-makers and event planners with a complete summary of the studies conducted in the past three decades, which is a valuable and credible source to realize the related decision-making processes. Reviewing the documents revealed points about the effects of holding big events that had previously received less attention.

 The current research aimed to design and explain the sports Development processes in Iran.

 The qualitative and grounded theory-based methods have been used for the current study. The snowball data sampling method and the semi-structural interviews with 15 knowledgeable elites on the subject was used for data collection. The obtained data were analysed by the grounded theory coding with the structuralist approach introduced by Charmaz (2006). The coding was done in two phases as the primary and concentrated codes. Then, the theoretical coding was used to organize the concentrated codes. The trustworthiness of the obtained data and codes for ensuring them the researcher did authenticity.

 The findings show that the processes required for sports development in Iran include attraction, maintenance (the Process of maintaining community sport participation and the Process of retaining talent), and education. These three processes and their components are interrelated and connected in a systematic approach. The proper designing of the processes and the relationship between their components with the strategy to use each process output as the input of the next one with particular emphasis on the interstitial processes and components is an essential point that must be considered.

 

Proper design of processes and the relationship between their components using each Process's output as input to the next Process with special emphasis on the Process and intermediate components is a critical point that must be considered. It is in this state that heroism is taken out of the greenhouse mode. Incidentally, with the spread and promotion of sports and physical activity among different sections of society, the possibility of the emergence of sports talents naturally increases, and their growth and excellence path becomes clear. Iran's sports development model is presented with a stakeholder approach, procedures and process.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of government expenditures and expenditures on sports expenses of Iranian households.

The present study is a descriptive-analytic study using data mining. Due to the nature of the subject, its data was collected using a library method. The short-term and long-term effects of government expenditures on sport budgets of Iranian households, using the annual statistics and data of the variables during 1993 to 2013, were investigated through ARDL and ECM models.

The results of the research have shown that the government expenditures and GDP have a positive and significant effect on the sports budget of households in Iran in the short term. But the results did not confirm the long-term effects of government expenditures on private sports use in Iran.

Adopting appropriate financial policies by governments can help expand the consumption of households and, consequently increase participation rate in sport

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of government financial costs, including current expenditures, government capital expenditures, and the governmental budget deficit, on private sector investment in sports products manufacturing workshops. This study specifically utilizes EViews software (version 9) and Microfit (4.1) to apply self-regression and error-correction models on data from the twenty-year period between 1993-2013. The sample population includes all industrial workshops located in the country, in both urban and rural areas. The results of this study indicate that an increase in current government expenditures, by increasing capital expenditures and investment in economic infrastructures, has an inertial effect on private investment in these production units. Consequently, this study supports the position that the adoption of appropriate economic policies by the government and the prevention of budget deficits can stimulate private sector investment in the sports industry and the development of its affiliated businesses.

The exchange rate is one of the most important factors in determining the domestic price of imported goods. Iran's economy has always been affected by the exchange rate fluctuations, and thus the industry of sports goods, which is one of the most important cultural, social and welfare industries, is not excluded.

The present research is a theoretical and practical objective and is descriptive in terms of research methodology. The method for collecting statistics and information in this study is documentary and library. Data were analyzed using a panel data approach during 1993-2015 with the help of Eviews 9.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the exchange rate and   the index of prices of imports of sports goods in Iran, and the rate of exchange rate passagein Iran and business partners is incomplete. GDP variables, final costs of business partners, commercial openness and inflationary environment have a positive and significant effect on the index of prices of imports of sports goods. The rate of exchange rate passagein the inflationary targeting system was 0.43 and in the anchor system, it was 0.41.

Inflationary targeting has increased the rate of exchange rate on the price of import of sporting goods.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of economic indicators of countries on their performance in the summer Universiades (1999-2015). With a review of related literature, five variables of GDP, GDP per capita, inflation rate, GINI coefficient and unemployment rate were selected as the economic indicators of the countries. Data of independent variables were selected through the World Bank website. Medals earned by each country were also considered as sport performance, which were collected through FISU. The research method was descriptive-analytical and data were collected during 1999 to 2015 (during 9 courses of competitions). The statistical population included 97 countries and 69 countries were selected as the statistical sample. Firstly, Levin, Lin, and Chu test was used to examine the static data. Finally, econometric methods (unbalanced panel) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that among the identified economic factors, GDP, GDP per capita, inflation, and unemployment rate affected the performance of countries. Therefore, considering these factors, the sport authorities of Iran can apply the necessary plans for the success in university sport.

Examining the impact of the new sports tourism industry is one of the most economical activities in the process of national development. The present study attempted to determine the economic impact of sports tourism of Azerbaijan international bicycle racing tour. This study was a descriptive-analytic research and was conducted using a survey research method. The statistical population and the sample were equal in number and consisted of 6 foreign and 8 domestic teams who participated in the race. The data were systematized using descriptive statistic methods, they were then analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson‘s correlation coefficient, linear regression and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. The results indicated that there is a positive relationship between sports tourism earned income, hotel industry, transportation and food industries. There is also a meaningful relationship between the consequent sport tourists, visitors of tourist attractions, and purchasing of local souvenirs. The effect of hotel industry, transportation, food industry, visiting tourist attractions and purchasing souvenirs on the consequent sports tourism income were 0.12 , 0.02 , 0.04 , 0.06 and 0.10 respectively. The above mentioned competition also led to an income of 2300 Million Rials, which caused 0.01 increase in the Gross Domestic Product of Azerbaijan province. However, this growth was not significant.Holding a competition, albeit on a small scale, can have significant effects on the region’s economy.

The production of sporting goods inside of Iran and investment in the development of these products can contribute to the country's economy and solve problems such as unemployment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of private sector investment in sports goods manufacturing workshops on the country's gross domestic product during the years 1372 to 1392. Data and statistical information related to the GDP in the 21 years from the Central Bank site and the data related to industrial workshops on the production of sports goods were extracted from the results of surveys from industrial workshops of the country which published by the Statistics Centre of Iran during those years. Data analysis was performed using the 9th version of Eviows software using econometric method and ordinary least squares model. The results indicated that investing in sports goods manufacturing workshops had a negative and significant effect on the GDP of the country. Therefore, it seems that the state and private sector investment in sports goods manufacturing workshops and the expansion of these production units through productivity and other scientific tools can lead to the development of the country's sports industry and the increase of the GDP of the whole country. Therefore, it seems that the state and private sector investment in sports goods manufacturing workshops and the expansion of these production units through productivity and other scientific tools can lead to the development of the country's sports industry and the increase of the GDP of the whole country.

The purpose of this study was, structural modeling to explain the mediating role of institutional factors affecting participation of local community in Sports tourism development planning Maku Free Zone (Iran). The population of this sport tourist’s free trade zone and industrial research Maku in 2016 years. The present study was descriptive, is the correlation type survey. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity and reliability questionnaires were well within acceptable limits. The results of hypotheses testing can be used by software AMOS23 respectively and using the path (B). Research results show that, had a significant influence all of the participation of the local community (economic / social / environmental / institutional), on the development of sports tourism among which social factors with the greatest impact on the overall effect of 55%,

Rapid population growth and low production potentials have led to unemployment crisis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between investment and employment statusin the swimming pools in Tabriz city. In this descriptive method-analytical study, the statistical population included all of the working swimming pools (N=49) in Tabriz, and 43 swimming pools were randomly selected as the sample. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability (α=0.89). To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, phi and Cramer Correlation Coefficients, Kendall’s tau-b, U Mann-Whitney) were used at α≤0.05. The results indicated that the mean investment in the pools was about 643-919 billion Rials and 436 jobs were created. Based on these results, there was a direct relationship between the initial investment (t=0.576, P=0.006) and net income (t=0.394, P=0.004) of the pools and number of employees. Also, the number of employees in public swimming pools were significantly more than private swimming pools (z=2.338, P=0.029). Therefore, it is essential to pay more attention to the attraction of investment in private sector in sport.