gholamreza tavakoli

Generation Z employees, whose presence in government organizations is increasing compared to other generations, have ideas, desires and mentalities that are appropriate to their generation, and the management of this generation brings fundamental challenges for organizations, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the antecedent challenges of the presence of generation Z employees in government organizations. This is an applied research. The collection of information in this research is a survey and the philosophy of this research is interpretive. The statistical population of this research is members of generation Z and experts related to the research topic. In this research, simple sampling method was used to study members of generation Z and purposeful sampling method was used to interview experts, and sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached. This research has two parts. The first part is the qualitative content analysis. In this first part, the collected data were analyzed with the qualitative content analysis method, which resulted in 574 codes, 031 categories and 82 criteria, and finally producing 7 main dimensions namely structural challenges, communication challenges, management challenges, cultural challenges, identity challenges, technological challenges and job challenges. The second part of the research is interpretive structural modeling in which the dimensions calculated from the qualitative content analysis were modeled. technology and identity challenges were identified as the most effective and job challenges as the most impressionable challenges.

Today, a major part of the needs related to the armed forces is provided through the defense industry sector. In the current research, the challenges and harms of the interaction between the armed forces and defense industries have been investigated with the approach of joint creation. In the first stage of the research, 32 cases of common injuries were counted and entered into the Max QDA software in the form of code, and then a group of 15 defense department managers were interviewed. Since the content obtained from the interviews are also of a qualitative nature, therefore, in order to examine these interviews, the qualitative content analysis method was used to obtain the damages with the approach of interactions between the armed forces and defense industries. According to the findings, lack of resources and motivations and unclear common vision with 77.7%, poor understanding of customer needs and motivational factors with 58.8% and weak organizational ability with 57.9% are the most important factors and with the most opinions of the interviewees. Berber results of the lack of alignment between the proposed values of operational resources and workable solutions with 5.6%, lack of customer participation and lack of reward and recognition system with 3.8% and poor corrective skills and lack of customer competence with 11.3% as the most important. There are factors in the interactions between the armed forces and the defense industry that need to be reformed

The purpose of this research was to "design a model to explain the capabilities and capabilities of board members". The research method was qualitative and quantitative. Research information was collected through interviews. The statistical population of the research included an unlimited number of professors, experts and specialists, 23 of whom were selected until reaching theoretical saturation. The sampling method was in the form of a snowball, in which the interviewees were asked to introduce people who are knowledgeable about the research topic to conduct subsequent interviews. Primary data were collected through interviews. According to the methodological process, during the three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding, firstly, the codes related to the topic were identified from the large number of primary data types; Then, by means of continuous comparison, a concept was extracted from several codes, and in the same way other codes were also converted into concepts until finally 98 concepts were obtained. In the next step, some concepts were put in the form of a category so that 20 categories were obtained for this research. The findings of the research showed that 4 categories appeared as the central categories, which include: technical skill, leadership skill, company size, political skill. Other categories were placed in five categories of causal conditions (4 categories), background or context (3 categories), intervening conditions (2 categories), strategies (4 categories), consequences (3 categories) to be presented in the visual model. In the following, based on the indicators, components, concepts and categories of the proposed model, a questionnaire of 98 questions was compiled and based on the collected data, the relations of the proposed model were examined, and finally the results showed the significance of the relations and components of the model had been presented.

As the most important component in orienting governments toward citizens’ lives, economic governance has been paid attention by experts and citizens. On one hand, governments success and economic components should be measured in institutional context of each country considering social and political requirements. On the other hand, overlaps in economic issues have made it possible to utilize common metrics in international indicators to evaluate economic performance. Therefore, in the current study, among 13 basic indicators, four indicators including Legatum Prosperity index, ease of doing business index, competitiveness, and rule of law were selected and studied closely inspired by multi-case studies and experts’ opinions. Economic pillars of the mentioned indicators were investigated. Using the output of this stage and the quantitative and the qualitative results, relationship and significance of related metrics to Iran’s strategic goals from the experts’ viewpoint were explored and extracted among the above-mentioned indicators using a structural equation model in Lisrel software. Accordingly, the evaluation pattern of economic governance in five main axes including economic quality, economic infrastructure, investment environment, business conditions, and market has been designed in 20 pillars. Finally, the main model of the study for developing economic policies leads to four proposes to be implemented for policy making.

IntroductionGovernance is a term that lacks a precise and clear definition due to its broad scope and evolving nature. It can be broadly defined as the capacity to effectively manage a society through productive engagement with various sectors. For a public organization's governing body to fulfill its responsibilities effectively, it must possess and institutionalize the necessary capabilities within the organization. Given the significance of good governance in today's intricate societies and its substantial impact on organizational outcomes, it is crucial to have a governance framework capable of fulfilling its role competently. This framework should be able to establish the organization's objectives, vision, and trajectory, steer its subordinates towards achieving these objectives, and enact essential reforms through timely evaluations of goals and stakeholders' conduct. Failure to possess these essential capabilities and execute its role effectively will lead to program inefficiencies and the inability to attain set objectives, eventually resulting in discontent among stakeholders. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify and categorize the essential governance capabilities required. The methodology involved literature reviews, surveys, and interviews with experts. Through qualitative content analysis, key capabilities for effective governance were delineated. The expert panel consisted of ten seasoned researchers and managers specializing in organizational management within an Iranian government entity. The research timeline spanned from 2020 to 2022, focusing on one of Iran's ministries.Methodology The thematic analysis in this research followed the Brown and Clark method, which involves three steps: analysing the interview texts and coding them, creating a network of themes, and extracting categories. For qualitative interviews in this study, the semi-structured interview method was chosen due to the subject's nature and the necessity of obtaining exploratory information while minimizing research bias. The interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved. To reach theoretical saturation, the researchers adopted a gradual approach to analysing the interviews. After each interview, the complete process of coding and thematic analysis was carried out, instead of analysing all interviews at once.Results and Discussion In general, it can be inferred that the governance level within government organizations must possess a range of capabilities to effectively manage their responsibilities. These capabilities encompass ethical considerations, systemic understanding, attention to complexities, and leadership skills within the governing team. The integration of all these capabilities is essential for ensuring effective governance. Ethical governance entails key characteristics that define the individuals involved in governance. These characteristics, identified through literature review and interviews, include commitment, determination, openness, critical thinking, honesty, and accountability. Organizational structures should be designed to promote these characteristics as standard behaviours, minimizing the likelihood of breaches. Systemic governance involves capabilities linked to managers' awareness of the organization's systemic aspects and insights derived from human experience. Neglecting these capabilities can lead to systemic issues and eventual failure. Subcategories within this domain encompass foresight, holistic thinking, attention to complexities, and creativity. Competent governance behaviour encompasses leadership and managerial skills necessary for guiding subordinates towards goal attainment and creating a conducive environment for their success. This category includes subcategories such as organization and leadership, policy formulation, fostering a conducive culture, creating opportunities, and facilitating processes. Each of these categories comprises four dimensions, identifying a total of 59 minor capabilities essential for effective governance.Conclusion This study has comprehensively identified governance capabilities ranging from overarching dimensions to minute routine behaviours, a level of detail not previously explored in existing research. The findings of this research not only contribute valuable insights to the existing literature on governance capabilities but also offer practical policy recommendations for policymakers and managers to enhance governance capabilities within their organizations.

The internal drivers of business model innovation have been introduced as a research stream. Not much knowledge about these drivers has been developed for developers of complex products. The purpose of this research is to identify the aforementioned drivers with a mixed methodology and an exploratory approach. The statistical population includes experts in the development of complex defense products, who were selected by the purposeful sampling method. The triangulation approach (review of research background, review of industry strategic documents and formation of focal groups) was used to identify the mentioned drivers. 81 experts participated in 8 focus groups. Thematic analysis method was used to extract important drivers. To achieve group agreement, 26 policy-level experts participated in two fuzzy Delphi steps. 54 sub-drivers related to 8 main drivers in order of governance and effective policy-making; entrepreneurial leadership; creative and motivated human capital, generating assets and stabilizing resources; Open and effective approach in knowledge, research, and innovation; flexibility of manufacturing processes; development of cooperation and long-term relationships with the network; Market development and intimate relationships with customers were identified. Sub-drivers with priority corresponding to each main driver were identified.

Co-creation is known as a process in which the customer wants to play an important role in order to improve the company's products and services. Achieving shared value creation requires a structural fit between customer activities and seller activities. Value creation has a collaborative and interactive nature, and now value is not only in exchange, but also in use. At the intersection of emerging perspectives on entrepreneurship and S-D logic, an opportunity creation process involves four distinct but mutually and iterative stages of developing value propositions, communicating value propositions, extracting and determining value, and reshaping markets. Value creation has practically become the source of company performance due to the key role it plays in product and service development, and consumers are considered as the determinants and creators of value and the company as a partner. Planting innovation is the creation of new company's potential resources in new technology and harvesting innovation is creating new resources that are waiting for market launch in the short term. To harvest innovation, companies must interact with intermediate and final consumers, governments, non-governmental organizations, suppliers and Research institutions to cooperate. The resulting products or services are expected to be favored by the market, because companies have reflected market opinions in the innovation process. In planting innovation, emerging economic companies must attract the participation of potential consumers, governments, non-governmental organizations, research institutions, and technological investments. Cyberspace allows growers and harvesters from emerging economies to overcome the limitations of location and culture, and with minimal investment, companies can create value with different stakeholders across borders and time zones.

The purpose of the current research is to model the effectiveness of e-learning content. The research is a type of exploratory combined research that has a quantitative and qualitative nature. In the qualitative part, the comparative content analysis method was used and in the quantitative part, the interpretive structural modeling method was used. They were selected as samples as available. First, the effective factors on the effectiveness of e-learning content and the effectiveness criteria of e-learning content were identified by studying the researches of the last 20 years, and the factors and criteria were screened by interviewing the sample population of the qualitative section.Four criteria of believability, transferability, reliability and dependence were used to check the validity of the results obtained from the qualitative part of the research. The results obtained from the qualitative part were measured by distributing a questionnaire among 31 experts in the field of education in Iran who were selected as available and analyzed using the fuzzy Delphi method. In order to validate the questionnaire before distribution, the questions and their correctness were checked by 5 experts and all the ambiguities in the questions were corrected. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed after calculating Cronbach's alpha of 0.64. Factors.affecting the effectiveness of e-learning content that were identified in the quantitative section and ranked by interpretive structural modeling. The findings showed that 13 factors influence the effectiveness of e-learning content. Also, the criteria that measure the effectiveness of e-learning content are satisfaction, increasing knowledge, retaining knowledge, increasing skills, improving performance, and reducing additional cognitive load of learners as a result of participating in e-learning courses. Therefore, e-learning can be more effective by using the factors obtained from this research and increase the learning and skill of learners.

The purpose of this study is to critique, analyze the weaknesses and identify the main discourses regarding this model in Iranian government organizations. For this purpose, the organizational culture assessment tool of Cameron and Queen, which was presented in 1999, was carefully studied and the required data Available library resources and semi-structured two-stage interviews (20 people, 15 people) were collected. The statistical population in the present study was all managers and organizational experts in government organizations. In the first part of the research, 20 interviews were conducted with experts who were purposefully selected and 94 meaningful units, 33 codes, 12 categories and 4 themes of the data were counted using the method of directional qualitative content analysis. Reliability of the findings of the first part using the method P. Scott was approved. In the second part of the study, in order to analyze the discourses and enumerate the main discourses in relation to this model, 15 experts were interviewed and the three main functional, contingent and non-functional discourses were counted by critical discourse analysis method. The main discourses were ranked with non-functional, contingent and non-functional priority, using the opinion of experts using Vasspas ranking method, which means that from the point of view of experts of government organizations, Cameron and Quinn organizational culture assessment tool is suitable for implementation. Is not in Iranian government organizations. Finally, suggestions were made to improve the model.

This study identifies important challenges in measuring and managing organizational customer satisfaction in B2B companies.

The research method in this study is mixed and the statistical population includes professors, experts and specialists in the field of excellence and quality assurance, market and customer management, industrial engineering and executive management. Purposive sampling has been used in both qualitative and quantitative sections; in the qualitative section, 20 people participated in the interview process and in the quantitative section, 40 people participated in the survey process. Data collection tools included a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire; that after validation, its reliability was calculated as α = 0.906. Descriptive statistics, binomial and Friedman tests were used to analyze the research data.

The results of the research in the qualitative part indicated that 30 sub-themes were identified in the form of 9 main themes. In the quantitative part, the findings showed that theme 30 had the highest rank (21.01) and theme 12 had the lowest rank (11.99), and the other components were each ranked in order of importance, respectively.

Originality/Value: 

In this research some solutions are presented along with two proposed plans to define improvement projects.

In many organizational interactions,the employee and the organization have different understandings of the obligations of each party and how to fulfill their obligations.Divergence of these perceptions can lead to misunderstandings,conflicts and even breaches of contract.The main purpose of this study is to "provide a framework for stabilizing the employee-organization relationship,studied:Snapp".This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed method in terms of approach and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method.The statistical population used in this study were Snapp managers and experts in middle and senior levels and the sample size was 15 Snapp organizational experts.To select these people,targeted sampling and snowball sampling methods were used.In this study,interpretive structural modeling(ISM) and MICMAC analysis were used to identify the criteria and explore the relationships between them,After studying the literature and conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with the sample size.Findings of the study showed the extraction of six components "employee characteristics,cultural characteristics,structural factors, governance model, policy rationality and environmental context" in a four-level ISM graph. Environmental contexts and policy rationality were identified as the most effective components and employee characteristics as the most impressive component in stabilizing the relationship between the employee and the organization.

In the era where paying attention to information and data in organizations leads to the growth of performance and a positive attitude towards the organization, in large government organizations we see a lack of attention to data and data-driven, which will lead to the benefit of the organization-based organization. The present study was conducted to identify and model the challenges of establishing a data-driven culture in Iranian government organizations in order to remove barriers and establish a data-driven culture in these organizations. Government organizations in the present study (scope of research) means organizations subordinated to the Ministry of Defense (VDJA). This applied-descriptive research has been done in the paradigm of interpretivism and with a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative). Data were collected using existing knowledge resource study methods, semi-structured interviews and interpretive structural questionnaires and analyzed using oriented qualitative content analysis and interpretive structural modeling. The statistical population of the present study in both quantitative and qualitative parts of this study included experts in organizational culture and data science in defense organizations, which was conducted by purposive sampling method and until the theoretical saturation of 16 interviews. The content of the content analysis was provided to the experts in order to check the validity of the extracted dimensions and components, and the necessary adjustment was performed. The reliability of the content analysis output was measured by the Holstie method with a coefficient of 0.8. The result led to the design of a model of challenges to establishing a data-driven culture in defense organizations. Findings showed that the eight dimensions of organizational, decision making, data context, environmental culture, management, strategic, logistics, individual - personality are important and key challenges in establishing a data-driven culture that these dimensions form the integrated model. They interact with each other. The results also showed that the most effective and influential dimension is environmental culture and the dimensions of logistics, data texture and individual-personality components were the most effective dimensions. The structural-interpretive model itself has the required reliability and validity and there is no reason to examine them.

Theorizing as one of the tools used by researchers to develop and expand the frontiers of science and knowledge in different intellectual-philosophical paradigms is done with various methods and strategies. Metaphorical strategy has been accepted as one of the theorizing methods in the symbolic interpretive paradigm among experts. In the field of public management and circulation of managers, several metaphors have been presented so far. In the present study, emphasizing the value of the theories that have been presented so far, the aim is to present a new theory in the field of public management and circulation of managers to better describe and interpret Government is in different systems of government. In this study, with the approach of metaphorical reasoning and the general method of theorizing (Danaee Fard,2009), the theory of public management with focus on government managers and their displacement is presented as rain clouds. It has a comprehensive and holistic view on explaining, describing and conveying the concepts of key dimensions of public management, especially the transfer of government managers, and at the same time examines the ambiguities and neglected questions in previous theories and considers these issues critically in a new theory. On the other hand, this theory has the ability and flexibility to explain and describe government management in developed, developing and underdeveloped societies and has the power to convey acceptable concepts

This study in intended to identify the problems which prevent the promotion of the level of knowledge workers’ belongings in the defense industries. This is a mixed exploratory research. In the qualitative part of the research, 14 managers of defense industries and knowledge workers were interviewed in depth using a purposeful method up to arriving at a theoretical saturation. Then, distributing 17 expert questionnaires of Delphi, the researchers designed the framework of the factors affecting knowledge workers. Afterwards, Kendall’s coordination coefficient in Delphi method was calculated to be 0.734. In the quantitative section, too, 50 questionnaires were purposefully distributed among the knowledgeable workers familiar with the research topic. The reliability of the quantitative questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.946. Conducting interviews resulted in the identification of 26 factors classified into structural, behavioral, and contextual categories, all of which were confirmed by the experts at Delphi stage. In the quantitative part, the rank of the main factors and sub-factors were measured, and the results revealed that the belongings of the knowledge workers encountered problems in the structure of the knowledge sectors, decision making, planning, human resource procedures, relationship with the colleagues and managers, and some other issues being explained later.

The ability of an organization to establish the desired organizational culture is a great advantage that can play a major role in facilitating the achievement of organizational goals. On the other hand, pathology and understanding the challenges and obstacles to implementing the desired organizational culture is also very important for an organization. In the present study, with the aim of modeling the challenges and behavioral barriers of employees in establishing the desired organizational culture with the focus on government organizations with a mixed approach, first available resources and interviews with 210 experts in 15 government organizations (production-service-military security) method Directional qualitative content analysis was coded and analyzed, which finally included 109 subcategories, 26 categories and 10 themes. In the next step, in order to model the multi-level themes and determine their effectiveness and effectiveness by interpretive structural modeling, interpretive structural questionnaires completed by experts were collected and analyzed. Finally, the themes of instrumental religion, perception of general reason, weakness of rationality And the originality of hierarchy as the most influential themes were in the third level and the themes of appearance, partisanship and defective individualism were in the second level. The themes of indifference, lack of trust and credit were the most effective themes in the first level of the model. In the final part of the research, suggestions were made to remove these barriers and challenges.

Innovation can be defined as new or significantly improved ways for responding to social and economic needs and problems. So far, various frameworks and approaches have been proposed to measure and assess innovation in different levels including organizational and national. In addition, because of the different nature of defense organizations, innovation there needs specific drivers, concerns and requirements. This paper, therefore, aims at designing and proposing a balanced framework for measuring innovation in defense organizations, through applying a qualitative approach and a mixed method strategy including thematic analysis and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique.  This framework includes two categories: comprehensive drivers' subjects (strategic analysis, technologies and products portfolio analysis, networking and technological collaborations, re-designing institutions, processes and human capitals development, managing resources, infrastructures and capacities) and comprehensive dependent subjects (the results of : human capital, partners' network, customers and armed forces, defense innovation performance, financial and mission issues, society and national security). The main feature of this framework is that it simultaneously encompasses technological and organizational innovations, radical and gradual innovations; past, present and future horizons, and technical, economic and social concerns.

The deep transformation of the concept of government and governmental agencies over the last 40 years has led to new theories and perspectives in the field of public administration. The main implications of these changes relate to turning of the government attention towards the application of the capacity of a wide range of other stakeholders and active agencies in the society to achieve the specified goals. In 1990s, the World Bank defined a special type of governance called good governance, along with its components and measuring indicators at international arena. This applied research is intended to define the theory of good governance and its components with its specific requirements in the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics through library research method. Afterwards, using a questionnaire as research tool, the researchers identified its indicators in the ministry and its affiliated organizations by referring to the comments of the specialists and managers. Thus, content analysis and survey methods were employed to carry out the research. The results of the statistical analysis (hypothesis testing) obtained by SPSS software on a sample of 45 young or experienced managers of the Ministry of Defense, indicated that good governance indicators were gained properly. Yet, many of its indicators were far from the desired level in this ministry. The closeness of each indicator to the desired level was specified, and scientific and operational guidelines and suggestions were proposed for improving the current situation.

The importance of conducting research on issues in the field of human resources has become more apparent regarding the changes in this arena. This research aims to study the future of human resources and also to recognize the characteristics of human resources during the future decades in the defense industries. Thus, in this study, at first the effective drivers on the future of human resources were extracted by conducting interviews and data analysis method, then in order to determine the validity of these drivers, the expertise of professors and experts in this field were used in the form of expertise Delphi. The statistical population included experts in the field of human resources in the defense industries and the sampling method is nonprobability due to the quality of the research method. Finally, by using interviews and extracting drivers and surveying experts in the form of expertise Delphi and using SPSS software, the most important drivers affecting the future of human resources were presented. The results of this study showed that the most important drivers affecting the future of human resources are as the following: Economic inequity, decline in the attraction of employing knowledgeable forces in government organizations, reduction in economic growth, intergenerational gap, increase of elders in the future of the country and unemployment. Finally, solutions have been presented for each of these drivers.

Constantly responding to the diverse needs of the Armed Forces' air and space sectors requires the continuation and development of innovative defense business. This has led executives to strive for organizational innovation to optimize or produce new military products.The purpose of the research is“presentation of cofaced organizational and technological innovation theory based on the interaction of innovation practitioners”to answer, weak sustain and interaction of innovation trustees for systematic continuation of  innovative business in large defensive industrial organizations with air and missile products so that between 1394 and 1398, using "Systematic Grounded Theory" method for related purpose. The data from this study was conducted through Semi structured interviews with 19 live-experienced experts in the organizations. To collect data, interviews were conducted on the basis of a purposive sampling method with senior vice president, research and innovation deputies and the deputies of plan, program and budget. Then, using the snowball sampling method and other participants were selected and more data were collected. The results of the data analysis during: open, axial and selective coding, resulted in the form of 12 categories based on the paradigm model including: extent of changes, diversity of needs, expectations of defensive stakeholders, organizational learning, national and international capacities, complexity of environmental factors, capabilities and limitations of defensive organizations, continuity and excellency of innovative business, promoting nontechnological innovations and development technological defense innovation, improving the defense economy and increase deterrence power and by writing the relevant story linehistorical narretive, finally cofaced innovation theory and 12 related hypotheses were constructed. Also their application can provide a better understanding and improvement of the common literature of defense stakeholders.

As one of the different industrial organizations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Marine Industry Organization (MIO) has been using the most common patterns in organizations and businesses to develop their capabilities. Due to the specific conditions of these organizations, despite some successes, they need to customize the mentioned organizational patterns in the regard of which, some efforts have been made. In the same vein, this research is aimed to present an improved model for the procedural pattern of strategy formation in MIO. To that end, the research applies Interpretative-Structural Modeling (ISM) as the method. By this method, the pattern is designed and then is approved upon experts’ opinions. The basic approach for this pattern is "capabilities" and also, it has been used through futures studies approaches, in particular "scenario analysis" to manage the uncertainty of the future environment of MIO. Finally, to avoid abstract approach, it has been implemented in MIO and its strategies for technological capabilities development are extracted.

The main objective of this study is to provide an appropriate conceptual model for better explanation the relationship between alliance management capability and firm performance with introducing mediator variables focusing on two views of resource-based view and dynamic capability.In this research, in conceptualizingalliance management capability in order to better adapt it to environmental changes, it has been used from the view of dynamic capability and to explain how it affects firm performance, two mediator variables (effective resource sharing and joint development of knowledge and capabilities) are defined focusing on the resource-based view.In order to test the suggested model of research and its related hypotheses, structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach has been used.The results of testing the proposed research model which has been done in 79 strategic alliances in the air defense industriesusing questionnaires, confirm the validity and reliability of the proposed model and all the hypotheses considered. According to the results of this research, a firm in order to be able to continuously absorb and develop its resources and capabilities through inter-organizational alliance, should first institutionalize and integrate the processes and routines associated with the four sub-capabilities reflecting the alliance management capability (alliance proactiveness, alliance coordination,  alliance learning, and alliance transformation) and by using the generated capability, establish a widespread and continuous collaborations with its partners on the effective sharing of complementary resources and joint development of new and exclusive knowledge and capabilities. Also, the measurement scales and indicators provided in this study can be a good reference for managers to develop this capability in their organizations.

This study intends to introduce and develop an appropriate conceptual model in which different key enabling factors and variables for successful implementation of partnership projects from different theoretical perspectives are taken into account and their role in enhancing the performance of a strategic partnership is explained. To do so, this study seeks to answer the following two questions: 1) Given the different theoretical perspectives available in the literature on strategic partnerships, what are the key enabling factors for implementation of successful strategic partnership? 2) What is an appropriate causal model of identified key enablers which is capable of properly explaining the performance of a strategic partnership? 

  The present study is applied in nature and it is a descriptive research in terms of data collection and analysis. It is also considered as a field study in terms of its questionnaire approach. Moreover, because the present study investigates the simultaneous relationship among several variables, it is a descriptive correlational and causal research. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data distributed to companies affiliated with the Air Force Organization (affiliated to the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Support). The statistical population of the study includes all the experts 
(managers, supervisors and senior experts with at least three years of experience) of the companies affiliated with the AEOI. Finally, 79 completed questionnaires were received and analyzed and 112 strategic partnerships in the related industries were identified.

 The empowering factors identified in this study (ability to manage the partnership, alignment of goals and motivations, appropriateness of participation resources, and social capital of partnership) are able to collectively explain about 72% of the performance of a strategic partnership, which is considered as a desirable outcome. On the other hand, the Q2 coefficient of the Stone-Geyser coefficient was reported at 0.42 for partnership performance, indicating that the predictive power of the proposed model is about 42%, which is also desirable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fitness of the structural part of this model is acceptable.

 Based on the proposed model of the present research, two companies must first take steps to idjust and develop the four porposed empowering factors in order to implement a successful strategic partnership. The measurement scales and indices presented in this study can also be considered as a good reference for managers of the two partner companies in order to comprehensively assess their inclination before starting a strategic partnership.

The main objective of this study is to develop a coherent and valid conceptual model for measuring and evaluating key and common actions of two partner companies to succeed in the operational phase of a strategic partnership. In designing the model, attempts have been made to take into account the various theoretical perspectives found in the literature research. In this research, the proposed model and related hypotheses have been tested using questionnaires distributed in strategic collaborations between the air defense industries and their strategic suppliers. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach has been used. Results of data analysis show that, in order to succeed in the operational phase of a collaborative relationship, partners should have a broad and close collaboration around five key actions which include: collaborative planning, integrating key operational processes, effective sharing of information, joint development of resources, joint development of competencies. In general, the model presented in this study can provide a framework for collaborative actions of partnering companies in the operational phase of an alliance in different areas and also be used as an appropriate tool for managers of organizations to examine the status quo of activities in this stage.

Today, using cold recycling in situ, as an economical way to improve the road, has grown substantially. Among various ways of cold-in-place recycling, the foamed asphalt technology is considered foremost for its ease and rapidity of implementation. In this paper hydrated lime, cement and micro lime and combination of them were used as active filler in the foamed asphalt mix and degree of influence of active fillers on mechanical properties and moisture sensitivity were investigated. The samples were prepared with bitumen 1, 2 and 3%, and different curing methods (dry and soaked) were tested by the Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus. The results of this research show that, with increasing the amount of foamed bitumen from 1% to 3%, the Marshall stability and the resilient modulus initially increase and then decrease, but the indirect tensile strength increases continuously. Among the fillers used, the composition of micro-lime with cement had the greatest effect on increasing mechanical properties. For example, this filler increased the Marshall stability and the resilient modulus of samples with 2% bitumen in dry curing method by 47% and 62%, respectively. Also, the cement and micro lime had tremendous effect on reducing moisture damage and increasing the TSR ratio. Finally, by using the results of the paper, a regression model was presented between the result of indirect tensile strength, the Marshall stability and the resilient modulus in dry condition curing.