فهرست مطالب mirnajaf mosavi

Urmia, as one of the cities facing rapid urbanization, has been facing urban and neighborhood development issues such as lack of sustainable development and reduction of sustainable security in recent years. Therefore, in the current research, the impact of social capital on local sustainable development is investigated with emphasis on sustainable security in Urmia city. Because investigating the impact of social capital on local sustainable development in line with urban studies can be an effective step in recognizing and creating theoretical and experimental knowledge in this field. The method of the descriptive research was correlation type and the statistical population was all high and middle level managers, assistants and specialized experts of the 5 regions of Urmia municipality in the number of 545 people, using the Cochran formula, the statistical sample of this research (226 people) was randomly sampled. selected. The tools of data collection are researcher-made questionnaires of social capital, sustainable development of neighborhoods and sustainable security. The validity of the tool is reported according to experts and reliability according to Cronbach's alpha. The method of data analysis was structural equation modeling, the results of which showed that in the main hypothesis, the direct effect of social capital on local sustainable development (0.36) and sustainable security (0.51) is positive and significant. Also, in the first hypothesis, the direct effect of social capital on the local sustainable development of the city (0.36) is positive and significant. In the second hypothesis, the impact of social capital on sustainable urban security is positive and significant (0.75). And in the third hypothesis, the impact of sustainable urban security has a positive impact on the local sustainable development of the city (0.68). Therefore, the increase of social capital in the city as a new approach and an explicitly positive view in urban management can provide the basis for achieving sustainable urban development in Urmia metropolis with stable security in the city.

Ecological capability assessment is part of the land preparation process by which the capacity of each area is assessed for specific uses and the area's capacity is determined and graded on the basis of scientific components. In this ecological approach, human activities in the territorial area pave the way for each region's capability and potential to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ecological potential of agricultural land use in West Azarbaijan province. This study is of applied purpose and of descriptive-analytical methodology. To do this research, using effective information layers and GIS software, effective factors in assessing ecological ability were determined, weighted, evaluated and their layers were drawn and finally an ecological power map was prepared. It was mentioned. The results of the analysis indicate the differences in the ecological potential of the provinces. In the field of agricultural ecological potential, the cities of Urmia, Khoy, Naghadeh, Miandoab have the highest potential due to slope, high soil quality, good temperature and rainfall and low soil erodibility. Be it. In contrast, Sardasht and Chaldaran cities have the least potential. Because of Sardasht city due to high slope and mountainous terrain, impassable highlands and valley and non-flat lands, forest vegetation, low air temperature and high number of frost days and Chaldaran city due to high erosion and abundant rangelands, lands Mountainous and lower rainfall have lower agricultural capacity than other cities in the province.impassable highlands and valley and non-flat lands, forest vegetation, low air temperature and high number of frost days and Chaldaran city due to high erosion and abundant rangelands, lands Mountainous and lower rainfall have lower agricultural capacity than other cities in the province.

Today, one of the important approaches to control and manage this phenomenon is the approach of good urban governance. Good urban governance can be defined as the way and process of managing urban affairs or the constructive participation of the public governmental private and civil society sectors in order to achieve sustainable urban development, create a healthy city and improve the quality of life. In the present study, the informal settlement areas of Ilam city have been studied with the approach of good urban governance. The research method is descriptive-analytical. For statistical calculations and analysis of research data, statistical software SPSS, Excel and statistical techniques including t-test, F-test and ANOVA method were used. Research information has been collected in two ways: library and survey (using a questionnaire). The statistical population of the study includes six thousand households living in the informal settlement of Ilam and the sample size is 397 heads of households who were selected using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire, which was calculated to be 0.86. the evaluation of variable have been done through Likert scale.The results of studies based on the indicators of good urban governance, participation, accountability, legality, justice, transparency, responsibility, effectiveness and efficiency show that the rate of benefiting from good urban governance in Ilam is at a low level. Accordingly, the more good urban governance and its indicators implemented and administrated, the more the expansion of informal settlement controlled.

In many plans, the number of populations and their local and spatial distribution are of special importance. Awareness of these properties not only will introduce the trend of population evolution, but also it will be of special importance in the design of economic and social programs in order to orientation of national policies. Because of the distance from big cities, Iran's border areas were neglected more than any other point that it has caused backwardness of these area from the trend of deveploment of the country. Hence, the purpose of the present research is study the recognition of demographic changes of border cities of Ilam province in the dimensions of demographic indices include growth rate, age structure, gender ratio, fertility rate, mortality rate and tensibility which the required information has been collected from the statistical yearbook and the population and housing census of the Statistics Center during the period 1365-1695. The statistical population of the research consists of three border cities in year 1395. This research has been done by "descriptive-analytical" method and using quantitative models. In general, all cities except the urban population of Ilam city (the center of the province), are immigrant sender due to effect of being borderline. Also, gender ratio indicates the migration of young people and job seekers to the central provinces of the country. Therefore, improving the level of development of the border areas and optimizing density and distribution of population in the border areas improve employment and will make arrangements to a stable development in these areas.

Green economy is one of the new topics in scientific societies in recent decades; its goal is human welfare and social justice by creating confidence in environmental protection along with economic growth. But achieving such a stage of sustainability depends on fully recognizing the ecological potential of each land as a platform for economic growth and development. Each region has a certain level of power and talent that must be evaluated before investing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ecological potential of the land in order to achieve a green economy in the province of West Azarbaijan. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. First, a list of destructive factors and their severity in West Azarbaijan province was compiled by qualitative method and through interviews with 10 experts, and then the vulnerability of the province was calculated with the "Makhdoom" destruction model. After determining the three characteristics of the destruction model, the destruction coefficient in each of the land units was examined and analyzed. In total, the destruction coefficient for the province was estimated to be 36.92, which is in the sensitive range and requires protection measures. Then the ecological potential of the province in three areas of residential, tourism and industrial development has been studied. Using information layers and GIS software environment, effective factors in ecological potential assessment were determined, weighted, evaluated and the resulting layers were drawn, and finally an ecological capacity map was prepared for the three mentioned uses. A brief look at the research results indicates the difference in the ecological potential of the counties of the province and also the difference in the three components in each city. According to the results, in the field of ecological potential of residential development; Poldasht, Mako, Bukan counties have the most potential and Sardasht, Chaldoran and Takab counties have the least capacity. In the field of tourism, Poldasht, Sardasht and Shahindej counties have the most, and Salmas, Piranshahr and Oshnoyeh counties have the least potential. In terms of industry development capacity, Shut, Bukan and Miandoab counties have the highest capacity and Sardasht, Oshnoyeh and Chaldoran counties have the lowest capacity.

 Urban parks are part of a public infrastructure that citizens can use for visual, environmental, educational, health, cultural, social and recreational entertainments. But one of the main challenges in realizing such vital functions of parks is lack of safety. Therefore, measuring the quality of park safety is important in order to improve its efficiency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety indexes of Urmia Regional and Urban Parks. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytic method. The method of data collection is documentary and survey. The sample size was estimated by the Cochran formula according to the scale and the population of 380 people at the areas where the parks were located. A random cluster sampling method was also used to select samples. Data processing tools include a multi-criteria decision-making model for checking the weight of the studied parks in terms of safety indicators and Pearson's path analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient for measuring the relationships between variables and the individual characteristics of the respondents.The results of the analysis indicate that: First, based on the model of the Gulflag Baghre Park with the number 5 is in the best conditions and the first rank and Saat Park with number 1 ranked 5th and is in the worst conditions. Second, according to the results of the analysis of path in relation to the most important safety indicators in the studied parks the physical safety index was recognized as a direct factor in the sense of safety with a beta of 394/0, a brightness index with a beta of 0.9 and an index of physical access with beta of 0.178 as the main indicators of safety sensitivity. Third, the Pearson correlation coefficient between two variables of immune indices and individual characteristics of respondents is equal to 613/0 and a significant level of less than 0.05 indicates a positive and significant correlation between these variables.  Parks are part of the public infrastructure that citizens can use for visual, environmental, educational, health, cultural, social and recreational entertainment; But one of the major challenges in accomplishing such vital functions of parks is the lack of sufficient safety. If parks are perceived as unsafe, they may reduce visits and affect citizens' health, it also reduces citizens' sense of tranquility and participation in outdoor physical activity; In order to prevent and rebate the damages and dangers of using park services and facilities, including sharp cuts of objects and equipment, to secure these public environments that include floating social groups are indispensable and necessary. Hence, assessing the quality of parks safety is an important issue to improve its efficiency. In other words, the safety of parks is very important because of its great impact on different aspects of quality of life and sustainability of urban communities. First, this paper attempts to identify urban parks safety indicators and then analyze and prioritize the status and position of the regional and urban parks in these areas up to eventually provide to finding ways to improve the safety of these parks. Thus the main research questions are: 1) How is the quality and level of safety indicators of Urmiye Regional and Urban Parks?  2) What is the dispersion and spatial distribution of safety indexes in studied parks? 3) Is there a significant correlation between respondents' individual characteristics and safety indexes in study area?

 This research is an applied based on purpose and descriptive – analytical type. The method of data collection is documentary and surveying; All survey methods such as questioner, interview and field observation were used to match the data and indicators used with the existing facts. The designed questionnaire was performed with a five-point Likert scale, focusing on five key indicators. The validity of questionnaire was content-based, so that quality of measuring tool was improved after experts' review and elimination of duplicate and ambiguous questions. Cronbach's alpha test was used to assessment the reliability of research tools. Hence, questionnaire was completed by 36 people (6 people in each park) in the pre-test phase and its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.885 indicating that questionnaire was suitable for data collection. The statistical population of this study is visitors of Urmiye parks. The sample size was estimated to be 380 person using Cochran formula. The number of samples were estimated in Forest Park, Ellar Baghei, Gollar Baghei, coastal, Tokhm-Morghei and Saat Parks, respectively, about 158, 89, 54, 29, 30 and 19 persons. Cluster random sampling was used to select of samples (each park was considered as a cluster). Data analyses tools including: multi-criteria decision making such as Electere,for weighting of studied parks in terms of safety indices and Path Analysis test and Pearson correlation coefficient for measuring the relationships between variables and individual characteristics of respondents. SPSS and Arc GIS software were used to perform the calculations and display results of the analyzes.

To analyze of studied parks in terms of safety, a decision matrix was formed. The weight and importance of each criterion were calculated using Hierarchical Analysis (AHP). Among the indicators, physical accessibility (0.221) is more important. Lighting (0.220) is in second place, the calculated weights for physical safety index (0.126), safety feeling (0.122), and health safety (0.083) which are in next order. After performing Electere model steps, it was distinguished that level of safety was not same between studied parks and there was a significant difference between them in terms of safety indices; The Gollar Baghei Park has the highest level of safety with "5" dominance. After that, Tokhm-Morghei parks with dominance of "4" are in the second rank and Coastal and Ellar Baghei parks with dominance of "3" are in the third place. Forest Park with dominance "2" is in the fourth rank and finally Saat Park with dominance "1" is at the lowest level. Among the five variables studied, variables of safety sense and health safety had no direct effect and were determined physical safety variable with coefficient of 0.394, brightness 0.179 and physical access with 0.178 had the most direct effect. The indirect effects of variables are that physical safety has no indirect effect and physical accessibility variable with coefficient (0.182) has the highest indirect impact. Pearson test was used to measuring of significant relationship between respondents' individual characteristics and safety indices. The correlation coefficient value among two variables is equal to "0.061" and since the level of significance is equal to "0.000" and its value is less than "0.05", so there is positive correlation between two variables.  

The results of study in terms of measuring to spatial distribution of safety indices in the studied parks showed that spatial distribution was heterogeneous among these parks, respectively, results of Electre model represent Gullar baghei Park with dominance of 5, placed in the best condition (1st rank) and Saat Park with dominance 1 (5th rank) in the worst condition. In this context, results of Ebrahimzadeh's and Rustaei (2016) research are almost similar to those of present study. According to the results of Path Analysis test in relation to the most important safety indices in studied parks, it can be said that physical safety index as a direct factor in safety sense with 0.394 beta, brightness index with 0.179 beta and accessibility physical index with a beta of 0.178 are the main indicators of feeling safe. The results of Raya et al. (2006) research are similar to results of the present study in physical safety index and physical accessibility. It is also different from the results of Khakpour et al. (2017) research.

The purpose of the present study, which is descriptive-analytic, is to investigate and assess the level of development and explanation of the gap between the cities of Ardebil province in terms of educational indicators. Information about 53 indicators in the form of physical facilities educational and educational spaces, educational facilities for students, Students 'academic achievement, economic productivity indices, human resource indices by referring to the statistical and libraries' annual reports, institutional indicators, non-cognitive indices and process indicators were also collected through a questionnaire. Information about the province's education and training, population and housing censuses, statistical yearbooks, and computer data from Iran's Statistics Center have been gathered. SPSS software version 20 and Excel2016 have been used to perform computations. Using Vicon models and the entropy weighing method, the ranking of education and training areas of the province has been carried out. Then, through statistical models such as regression analysis and analysis of variance, ANP network analysis process has been used to analyze the factors affecting the development of education areas in Ardabil province. Finally, the most influential indicators were identified. Based on the findings, Ardebil city ranked first in the first rank and in the city of Aslandoz.

The site selection is the best and most favorable point is the location and seating, So that concealing and hiding manpower and equipment and activities in the best way possible.. The aim of this study is to identify the establishment of military bases and border city of West Azerbaijan and analysis of environmental conditions and suitable location will be for the construction of military bases.Methods is that, questionnaire survey method first, military experts and geomorphology of the factors in locating military bases were collected. The layers required digitization of the existing map database in Arc GIS software procurement and weight data was performed using ANP.fainaly The area is totally inappropriate zoning map was prepared to fit perfectly. results show that None of the barracks are appropriate in the circumstances and Only Garrison Imam Sajjad almost totally appropriate and army barracks 64-foot Urmia situation is totally inappropriate. According to the average value, the mean score of all garrisons 3.13, which means the establishment of garrisons is averageMethods is that, questionnaire survey method first, military experts and geomorphology of the factors in locating military bases were collected. The layers required digitization of the existing map database in Arc GIS software procurement and weight data was performed using ANP.fainaly The area is totally inappropriate zoning map was prepared to fit perfectly. results show that None of the barracks are appropriate in the circumstances and Only Garrison Imam Sajjad almost totally appropriate and army barracks 64-foot Urmia situation is totally inappropriate. According to the average value, the mean score of all garrisons 3.13, which means the establishment of garrisons is average

Due to the formation of a centralized system and the concentration of economic and cultural capital in the center of West Azerbaijan province, on the one hand, and the weakness of investment and the exploitation of the potential of other cities, on the other hand, Urmia has become the center of the province and the nearby cities It includes Khoy, Bukan, and Mahabad as a center for attracting people and immigrants. This demographic, economic, and educational concentration has created the first urban phenomenon in the provincial capital. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the first urban development in West Azarbaijan province and the manner of concentration of the population of the cities of this province using urban first indicators in the field of urban primary analysis based on statistical data in 7.5 periods and over the past 75 years as well as providing survey strategies in the direction Equilibrium is on it. The research method is descriptive-analytical and ArcGIS and Excel software are used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of statistical data. The studies carried out in this study show that there are inconsistencies in various levels of urban areas of the province. The problem of imbalance in the urban network of the province with the accurate and appropriate planning of each urban class and the use of different methods are continuous and Coordinating and implementing equal opportunity for all cities of the province and balanced distribution of services is possible, which is mentioned in the research results.

Rural tourism is one of the concepts and forms of sustainable rural development, In which the available resources are used in rural areas; but geogrophical inslation and deprivation has been caused that great potentials of these regions- including noticable part of land areas in many countries-remain stagnant and don’t help tostrengthen the social and economic foundations of local communities. The aim of this research is identifying and prioritization of infrastructures of tourism in villages with tourism potentials of East Azarbaijan Province, survaying the role of investment in developing of Rural areas andranking of these villages from viewpoint of infrastructures investment priorities. There for this research is fundamental with the approach of “descriptive- analysis”. The population in this study villages in East Azerbaijan province's tourism attractions of which 48 villages were randomly selected. The results of the research findings loaded 71 variablesusing “factor analysis” in the mold of 8 factors. The results of the implementation VIKOR in terms of ranking the variables in terms of investment necessary to show that the greatest need for investment in facilities and service variables. Also the research showed that investment in infrastructures has led to increasing tourists in rural area.The results of VIKOR model in ranking the villages from view point of investment priorities showed that in spite of lack of facilities and tourism infrastructures in southern villages of the province campared with northern ones, more tourisms enter to southern villages than northerns. So to take advantage of the benefits of tourism development in these areas, planners should pay special attention to investment in infrastructure needed to fit the needs of tourists and local people as well

One of the important strategies that have been taken into consideration in the last half century to counter regional imbalances caused by the growing growth of large cities are small towns, which, due to the availability of some facilities and services, are one of the important centers for developmental balance The research is descriptive-analytic, and its purpose is to investigate the role of small cities (25-100 thousand) in sustainable regional development in Alborz province. In order to achieve the position of small towns in the urban system, rank-size models, entropy and balance sheets have been used, and then their role in regional development balance has been evaluated. The results show that the entropy coefficient without considering small cities is also a continuation imbalance Will have. In the logarithmic model, the rank of size, with the inclusion of small towns, slipped to -1.99, and with no small cities down to -21.1, which indicates the undeniable role of small cities in the urban system and the results of the balance sheet model The changes in components are mainly in-class and due to the growth of cities, and only in 2006, due to the transformation of villages into the city of Shahdad, we have been affected by changes in new cities.

Reliable water supply is one of the main challenges of this century. One of the ways of water supply is inter-basin water transfer schemes which can be useful in some cases and could save the destination basin. One of the projects, discussed recently, is water transfer project from Zab River basin to Urmia Lake. This study made an attempt to utilize the opinions of one hundred relevant experts and authorities to predict the positive and negative logistical consequences of this transfer in the basin of origin and destination by the statistical analysis of Multivariate linear regression. The results of linear regression model showed that due to the weight of standardized coefficients of the examined factors (B2), negative socio-cultural consequences of (0.328), negative economic consequences of (0.249), positive economic outcome of (0.216), negative environmental consequences of (0.210), negative political and security consequences of (0.174), positive environmental impact of (0.156), positive outcome of the political-security of (0.087), and the positive outcome of socio-cultural of (0.070), are the most possible consequences of transferring water from Zab to Urmia Lake respectively. According to experts, the interesting and significant point is that water transport in terms of environmental issues cannot save Urmia Lake and may act as an antidote. The results of structural equation modeling on each of the components of the implementation plan showed that among the positive consequences; environmental factors with the effect of (. 85), and among the negative consequences; socio-cultural factors with the effect of (1.10) have the highest impact on water transport.

The center or core of each activity is characterized by certain capacities and strengths, which are distributed in inverse proportion to the distance. In other words, the intensity of the impact is lessened with an increase in the distance. Thus, the closer are the surrounding villages, the greater will be their role and contribution to the rural development. Of course, the extent of such an influence depends on a number of other factors including the size of cities. The spatial distribution of the population and life centers in the urban systems of Iran indicates a significant difference between the big and small cities in terms of quantity and quality, function and regional sphere of influence. According to the above points, this paper seeks to study the development of villages in the outskirts of cities in terms of the geographic distance of these settlements form cities and the functional impact of the size of cities on their surrounding areas. The main aim of this study is to investigate the development of villages in a 5, 10 and 15-km radius of city centers with respect to the size of cities.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: In general, it is believed that the extent and nature of urban-rural interaction is different from migration patterns, diversity of revenues derived from rural and urban market and also historical, political, social, economic and environmental factors. The research framework is built upon the following assumptions:• The proximity of a village to cities is the necessary causal condition for rural development.• The greater is the degree of membership of a village in the outskirts of cities, the greater will be the degree of its membership in the highly developed villages• The size of a city is the necessary causal condition for the development of its surrounding villages • The greater is the degree of membership of a village in the cluster of villages in the outskirt of crowded cities, the greater will be their degree of membership in the cluster of highly developed villages.

This is a comparative study in which a fuzzy approach has been adopted. According to the fuzzy logic, for each of the concepts in the theoretical set, a fuzzy membership function is defined and in the evaluation phase, based on the fuzzy membership, a fuzzy causal analysis is performed. In this paper, the unit of analysis is comprised of villages in a 5, 10 and 15-km radius of city centers in the West Azerbaijan Divisions - which is based on the national administrative and political division in the year 2011. To determine the development of rural areas, 79 measures (Table 2) and TOPSIS model of analysis were used. For the fuzzy processing and analysis of the data related to the rural-urban distance and the size and development of cities, Excel, SPSS and fs/QC software were utilized.

Cities and villages are two geographical phenomena with entangled structural and functional developments, which are a variable of their relative functional position. With the growth of functional status and size of cities, the scope of their economic and social opportunities is expanded to wider areas, affecting even remote peripheral areas. According to the results of the present study, a consistency index of 0.836 was obtained between the rural-urban distance and rural development. Moreover, in 84% of the villages under study, it was concluded that distance from the city was the necessary condition for rural development. Accordingly, it can be argued at 95% confidence level, the rural-urban distance is the "absolute necessary" condition for rural development. Also, a coverage index of 0.63 was achieved between the two areas. The evidences suggest that 63% of the rural development can be explained in terms of rural-urban distance. The results of the fuzzy regression model indicate a fuzzy relationship of 0.582between rural development and causal condition of urban-rural distance. Also R2 value reveals a shared variance of 0.338 between rural-urban distance and rural development, indicating that most of linguistic variables are external to the cluster with the urban-rural distance being mainly considered as a non-member in the causal condition of the cluster. The measurement of the necessary casual condition of the city size for the development of marginal villages suggests that city size is always the "absolute necessary” condition for rural development as a consistency index of 0.77 was achieved for the two clusters. Accordingly, it can be argued that such a relationship can be established at 95% confidence level. Moreover, a coverage index of 0.73 demonstrated that 73% of rural development could be explained by the city size. Therefore, the causal condition of city size explained 73% of the total membership. According to the above points, the problem can be resolved with some of the following strategies:

The concentration of population, facilities, services and various functions in city centers or metropolitans has motivated the population living in the outskirts of cities to migrate to urban areas for the fulfillment of their needs. This contributes to the advantage, centrality, power and dominance of centers, thereby facilitating the development of villages in the proximity of cities and thwarting the progress of rural areas far from cities.

This study deals with organizing and assessment of Technical & Vocational educational branch in Orumieh. Study research population consisted of all male and female students, teachers and male and female employers in Orumieh which include 3434 students, 333 administrator and unknown number of employers. In order to estimate sample size 322 students were selected using Morgan& Krejcie table more ever 20 teachers and 10 employers also were selected by instructors’ advice through random stratified method. This is an applied research which has been performed by descriptive- survey method. Research tool were 3 researchers made questionnaire with 35 question considering its durability and reliability. Data analysis in descriptive level used frequency, mean, and standard deviation and in inferential level from t, single variable, one way ANOVA, t with two independent variables and also Freedman test have been performed. Research results revealed that current status in technical and vocational is in relatively desirable level. Teachers have more positive view than students; moreover between teachers and employers view, students and employers, male and female students there are not any difference. Further more major priorities from study groups’ point of view have been discussed so that not only recognize requirement of studied population but also preparing Technical and Vocational majors.

Intense migration of villagers to cities, fast growth of city population, and irregularskeletal extension of cities, joining near villages to cities and spiral phenomenon andfinancial and technological inability in offering services in recent decades had led toproblems and difficulties in cities namely unfair distribution of civil services especiallymedical services. Nowadays, health care and medical services is seen as one of civicsubstructures through development. Increasing population of civic regions has increasedpublic services demands especially medical services and necessity of its fair distributionupon different environmental, social, economic and skeletal criterions. Therefore,positioning has an important role in inexhaustible development. In this paper we useGeographical Information System (GIS) and Multi Criterion Decision Making (MCDM)analysis to analyze spatial distribution and positioning of medical services in Miandoaabcity.