فهرست مطالب mohammad hassan asayesh

Emotional divorce and its effects on the family is a topic that has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this research, using a qualitative method of phenomenology, men's points of view on this phenomenon have been investigated. The statistical population included all men who were referred to the Alfa Clinic in Zanjan and Rushd in Tehran in 1400. From this statistical population, 18 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method and were studied using semi-structured and exploratory interviews. It should be noted that sampling continued until data saturation. To analyze the data, the data were recorded and coded and then analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The consequences of emotional divorce from a man's point of view included four themes parent-child communication consequences, relative communication consequences, impact on children's performance, and job consequences. In this sense, this phenomenon can affect the relationships of family members and their performance in different dimensions. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the results of this research to better understand emotional divorce and design interventions to solve it.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas of mothers and mother-daughter conflicts through self-esteem and emotion-regulation. The study's statistical population comprised all female high school students enrolled in a theoretical field in Tehran City, Iran in 2020 with their mothers. 315 students and their mothers were chosen as the sample size, and the sampling method was accessible. The students were asked to complete Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) and their mothers were asked to complete Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and Difficulties in Emotion- Regulation Scale (DERS). Path Analysis in Lisrel was used to analyze the data. The study's findings revealed strong connections between emotional deprivation, defectiveness/shame, and negativity/pessimism EMSs of mothers and mother-daughter conflicts. The indirect relationships of dependent/incompetence, insufficient self-control/self-discipline, and negativity/pessimism EMSs of mothers and mother-daughter conflicts through emotion-regulation was also significant. Furthermore, there were significant direct relationships between defectiveness/shame and dependence/incompetence EMSs and self-esteem, but there was no significant relationships between self-esteem and parent-adolescent conflict. This research revealed that mothers' early maladaptive schemas play a significant role in creating conflict between them and their teenagers. Also, it seems that low self-esteem in mothers can only cause a decrease in their relationship with their teenagers and cannot play a significant role in creating conflict between parents and teenage girls, these findings can helps in better explaining parent-adolescents conflicts and developing intervention protocols in family therapy.

This study aimed to identify the facilitating and inhibiting factors of students' tendency towards ethics. A qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological method was employed. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 98 Iranian faculty members, university administrators, experts, staff, and students who were selected through criterion sampling. The findings suggest that there are eight facilitating factors such as “structural, functional, social, cultural, personal, religious, study-research-driven, and educational" factors, and there are also nine hindering factors (obstacles) such as “structural, social, performance-related, political, personal, functional, conceptual, informative-cognitive, and cultural” factors. Drawing upon the understanding of a wide range of academic activists, this study identifies new and more complete dimensions and components of the factors concerning the tendency or non-tendency of students towards ethics in the university environment. It is recommended to use these results to develop academic ethics in higher education more efficiently.

The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the experiences of Iranian therapists who dealt with challenging customers and to examine the approaches they utilized. The present research employed a qualitative form of phenomenology as its research methodology. In 2021 and 2022, the community of this study comprised active therapists in Tehran. With the purposeful continuation of sampling until the saturation limit was reached, seventeen therapists were ultimately chosen. The participants were subsequently asked to complete semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed utilizing Colaizzi’s method of descriptive data analysis. Through the examination of the data, 60 primary concepts, 9 sub-themes, and 2 main themes were identified. The overarching theme comprises two components: firstly, efficacious approaches during the therapeutic session (encompassing general therapeutic communication strategies, general individual strategies, specialized strategies pertaining to clients experiencing marital difficulties, specialized strategies pertaining to clients confronting family issues, and specialized strategies pertaining to clients diagnosed with personality disorder); and secondly, successful strategies implemented outside of the session (including general social strategies, support systems. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that clinicians’ approach to challenging clients influences the caliber of care they provide. Therefore, training and a competent supervisor are required in this field.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of paradoxical couple therapy (PTC) on marital conflicts and emotion regulation in incompatible couples. The research design was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the current study included couples with marital conflicts who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in the fall and winter of 1400, and who gave their informed consent to participate in this study. The final sample number in the present study was 18 couples with marital conflicts, which were selected by non-random sampling (available and purposeful) and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (9 couples in the experimental group and 9 couples in the control group). The instruments used included the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (Barati and Sanai, 2015) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross and Jan 2003). After collecting the questionnaires and extracting the raw data, the analysis of the data from this research was done by SPSS-23 software and using univariate covariance analysis. The results showed that paradoxical couple therapy has a significant and favorable effect on marital conflicts and emotional regulation in couples with marital conflicts (p<0.001) and reduces marital conflicts and improves emotional regulation in couples with marital conflicts. Therefore, it can be concluded that psychotherapists can use this method of treatment to treat couples who have conflicts.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of attachment to God and emotional intelligence in predicting self-compassion for women teachers working in primary schools in Mashhad. The design of the present study was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population in this study was female primary school teachers in district one of education in Mashhad from 1399-1400, from which 100 people were selected as a sample by the available sampling method. To collect data from the Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCS) (Nef et al., 2003), Emotional Intelligence (EQ-i) (Baran, 1997), and Attachment to God in Islam (M-SAS) (Ghobari-Bonab). And Haddadi Koohsar, 2011) were used. The results were analyzed using Spss software version 24 using Pearson correlation and simultaneous multiple regression. The results showed that the variables of emotional intelligence and attachment to God have a significant positive relationship with self-compassion (p <0.01). This means that by increasing the scores on the variables of emotional intelligence and attachment to God, the scores on compassion also increase. Multiple regression analysis also showed that the variables of emotional intelligence and attachment to God in total explain 36% of the variance of the variable of self-compassion among female primary school teachers in district one of education and upbringing in Mashhad; Therefore, it can be said that emotional intelligence and attachment to God play an important role in promoting self-compassion in teachers.

Marital sexual violence is considered as one of the unknown examples of violence against women, which is referred to by various interpretations such as marital rape, domestic sexual violence, sexual violence against the wife, and sexual violence in cohabitation. To investigate this type of violence from the perspective of female victims, in this study, the qualitative research approach and descriptive phenomenological method were used and according to the nature of the research, sampling was done purposefully And continued to the point of theoretical saturation. The study sample consisted of 11 women in Tehran in 1399-1400 who experienced marital sexual violence. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed by the Colaizzi method. Findings of the study include 1 main theme, Concepts and examples of marital sexual violence 11 sub-themes including dissatisfaction with sexual intercourse, sexual self-centeredness, disregard for the sexual needs of the spouse, sexual illiteracy, sexual humiliation, sexual relationship with violence, imposition of a particular type of sex, high-risk sex, inconsistency in the relationship Sexual, sexual abnormalities and sexual abuse and 30 constructs were conceptualized. The results indicate that the dimensions of marital sexual violence are wide and therefore need to be more aware and pay more attention to this type of violence against women by relevant agencies and organizations.

The purpose of this study was to identify the behavioral experiences and psychological coping of women who were victims of an extramarital affair. The method of the study was applied and qualitative phenomenological. The population of this study included women who were victims of marital infidelity in Tehran in 2016. The sampling was purposefully continued until saturation and finally 18 female victims were selected and participants were interviewed in depth. Colaizzi content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The data analysis resulted in the identification of 2 main themes, 8 subthemes, and 38 basic concepts. The main themes of coping and adaptive behavioral responses include 1) relying on hobbies and favorite activities, 2) adapting to spouse, 3) seeking treatment and counseling, 4) companionship, 5) trying to change existing conditions, and 6) worship and praying. The main themes of maladaptive behaviors and responses include: 1) confrontations and maladaptive behavioral responses that focus on self and 2) confrontations and maladaptive behavioral responses that focus on spouse. Overall, the results of this study showed that the experiences of women who were victims of marital infidelity have behavioral consequences and hard and sometimes growth-oriented coping.

Health care workers are at the forefront of the fight against Covid-19 disease. The purpose of this study was to identify the cognitive reactions of physicians who have recovered from Covid-19 disease.

In the present study, the phenomenological method was used. The population of this study included physicians recovering from Covid-19 disease in Yazd city. 13 people were selected by purposive sampling and interviewed unstructured and in-depth. In orde to analyze the data, Colaizzi method was used.

Data analysis led to the production of 2 main themes, 12 sub-themes and 40 basic concepts. The first theme was "Adaptive Cognitive Reactions." Adaptive cognitive reactions included a set of reactions that included sub-themes: 1- sublime thought, 2- self-compassion, 3- Transcending the self, 4- cognitive ability, and 5- triumphant self-belief. The second major theme was "Mmaladaptive Cognitive Reactions." Mmaladaptive cognitive reactions included a set of reactions that were sub-themes: 1- Cognitive distortions, 2- Rumination, 3- Doubt, 4- Distrust, 5- Blame, 6- Mental dissatisfaction 7- Mental confusion.

Overall, the results of this study showed that the experience of patients with Covid-19 has a wide range of adaptive cognitive reactions and maladaptive cognitive reactions, and these reactions are sometimes similar and in some reactions different. This research is an approach to continue the study of psychological reactions and the development of intervention protocols in this field.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group-based positive cognitive-behavioral interaction program on improving mental health and job satisfaction of teachers in Bukan. The research method was experimental in the form of a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with control group. The statistical population included all male elementary school teachers in Buchan city in the academic year of 1997-98, from which 30 people were selected by cluster random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data collection tools included Mental Health Questionnaire (2002) and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) that were administered to the experimental and control groups before and after the intervention. The group interaction program was based on a positive cognitive-behavioral approach and was administered to the experimental group during 8 group sessions and 90 minutes duration but no intervention was performed on the control group. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of job satisfaction components (job type, promotion opportunities, organizational climate and leadership style) and all components of mental health during pre-test and post-test stages in the experimental group; While this difference was not significant in the control group.

Given the importance and impact of individual’s behavior in his lifestyle and his quality of interpersonal interactions, and considering some patients’ complaints about dangers of some of their or their family members’ behaviors, it is essential to use techniques to change behavior of clients by psychotherapists and family therapists. In the current paper, the “systemic behavior modifying”, a new technique in psychotherapy, has been introduced. After explaining the theoretical fundamentals of the “systemic behavior modifying technique”, the way of practical application and its steps in the counseling and psychotherapy process has been explained; then, 3 clinical case reports of the application of this technique has been described. This study was a single case study and its design was A-B. visual analysis of graphed data and qualitative analysis of the interview with the samples showed a significant effect of this technique on the dysfunctional behaviors of the subjects. The family therapists can use this technique in their individual psychotherapy or family therapy so as to change the ineffective behaviors of the clients to shape effective behaviors.

Love trauma syndrome is a set of symptoms that occur in people after the end of an emotional relationship and negatively affects a person's performance in various areas. The aim of this study was to describe and explain the emotional reactions of girls with love trauma syndrome. The research method was qualitative and of qualitative and phenomenological type. The study population consisted of all the dormitory students of the University of Tehran who experienced love trauma in 2018. Using the purposive sampling method, the girls living in one of the dormitories of the University of Tehran were selected. Sampling was continued until data saturation was fulfilled, and finally 14 people were selected and studied using a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. The analysis of the interviews produced two main themes, 15 sub-themes and 49 basic concepts. The first main theme was “adaptive emotional reactions”, which included the sub-themes “feeling valued, feeling satisfied and regulating emotions”. The second major theme was “maladaptive emotional reactions”, which included the sub-themes “feelings of failure, feelings of worthlessness, feelings of emotional confusion, feelings of fear, feelings of inadequacy and grief, feelings of vulnerability, depression, feelings of anger, feelings of jealousy, feelings of boredom, unwillingness, frustration and hatred”. The results revealed that love trauma experience has severe and unfortunate, and at times, growth-related consequences which are different and sometimes similar in different people. Due to their local nature and the use of a qualitative approach, the research results can be generalized in our society. They can also provide a basis for the development of intervention guidelines and counseling packages appropriate to this problem.

Health care workers are at the forefront of the fight against Covid-19 disease. The purpose of this study was to identify the emotional reactions of physicians who have recovered from Covid-19 disease. In the present study, was used the phenomenological method. The population of this study included physicians recovering from coronavirus disease in Yazd city. Sampling was purposefully selected and interviewed unstructured and in-depth. Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data. Data analysis led to the production of 2 main themes, 6 sub-themes, 10 sub-themes and 50 basic concepts. The first theme was "Positive Emotional Reactions." Positive emotional reactions included a series of reactions that included sub-topics: 1. Hope and motivation, 2. happiness from having a medical job, 3. Emotion adjustment. The second main theme was "Negative Emotional Reactions." Negative emotional reactions included a series of reactions that included: 1- Depression, 2- Anxiety 3- Anger. Overall, the results of this study showed that the experience of patients with Covid-19 has severe and adverse consequences, and sometimes growth, which was categorized into two main axes. This article is an approach to further study of psychological reactions.

In early 2020, people around the world, beyond color, race, social class, nationality, or geography, have been plagued by a common problem called coronavirus and COVID-19. There is an increasing amount of anxiety, worry and stress around the world, and we are witnessing the death of dozens of people every hour. In the days when society is facing more than ever an unbalanced amount of misinformation about the disease and the state of the world, and the anxiety and stress of getting sick is more annoying than getting sick, the social and moral responsibility of psychologists and counselors demands that take this step. The main purpose of this paper was to identify the Stress & Anxiety around Coronavirus and COVID-19 disease and provide practical ways to manage the Stress & Anxiety. The present study method was a review article and included various articles and studies on stress, anxiety and COVID-19. Based on theoretical and research principles, finally, there were 24 tecnique to reduce stress and anxiety, including 12 cognitive-behavioral techniques (such as emotional regulation techniques, mindfulness, self-improvement, cognitive reconstruction, positive thinking, positive visualization, thought stopping and distraction) and 12 non-cognitive techniques (such as relaxation, exercising, music therapy, and massage therapy) have been introduced so that psychologists and counselors can use these techniques in the current context of increasing the stress an anxiety caused by the coronavirus. At the end, the research evidence has examined.

Love truma syndrome is a set of symptoms that occures after the end of romantic relationship and has negative effects on individual performance in different functions. The aim of present study was to explanation of cognitive reactions in girls with love trauma syndrome living in dormitory. The research method was a qualitative method with phenomenological approach. The population consisted of girls with love truma syndrome during 2018 living in a dormitory in University of Tehran. They were selected by invitation through a purposive sampling. Sampling continued until data saturation and finally 14 girls were selected. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi method. The data analysis resulted in 2 main themes, 9 subthemes and 38 initial concepts. As the fisrt theme, “adaptative cognitive reactions” consisted (1-positive defensive thoughts, 2- adaptative decision-making, 3- flourish). The second main theme was “maladaptive cognitive reactions” consisted (1- disorientation, 2- maladapative decision-making, 3- bargaining, 4-  changed beliefs, 5- cognitive distortions, 6- rumination). Rusults Showed different reactions in participants. Environmental and psychological supports, personal insight and personality type were effective on reactions. People with more self-awareness and independence got less impression from this experience.

The purpose of this study was to identify and explain the communication reactions of female victims of infidelity. The present study employed a phenomenoogical qualitative methodology. The study population consisted of female victims of infidelity in Shemiranat in the year 2016. Data collection continued through interviews until theoretical saturation was obtained. For this 18 women who were victims of infidelity were selected through purposive sampling and were investigated using semi-structured interviews, and the elicited data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The data analysis in regards to the communication reactions of women victimized by infidelity resulted in two main themes, 10 subthemes, and 29 initial concepts. The main theme and associated sub-themes were: A). ‘The dissociation of communications’ consisting of the following subthemes: 1. the dissociation of mother-child relationship, 2. the dissociation of father-child relationship, 3. the dissociation of marital relationship, 4. The dissociation of family relationships, 5. the dissociation of interpersonal relationships, 6. the dissociation of relationship with God; and B). "Communications continuity", consisting of the following sub-themes: 1. the continuity of spousal relationship, 2. improving the mother-child relationship, 3. getting social support, 4. improving the relationship with God. This study showed that infidelity has similar and sometimes different communicational effects that are experienced by female victims of infidelity. the effects of infidelity can be either maladaptive or adaptive. The results were interpreted based on the social construction and attachment theories.

Infidelity, as a main cause for marital maladaptiveness and divorce, has important effects on victim’s family and mental health. This study aimed to identify and explain the cognitive reactions and experiences of women victims of infidelity. The present study employed a qualitative approach along with the interpretative phenomenology method. The study population consisted of women victims of infidelity in Tehran (Shemiranat), Iran, in year 2016. To do so, 18 women who were victims of infidelity were selected through purposive sampling, and investigated by a semi-structured interview. The data elicited from the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis method. The data analysis resulted in two main themes, 11 subthemes, and 61 initial concepts. As the first theme, “maladaptive cognitive reactions” consisted “porous religious beliefs”, “suspicion”, “obsession”, “damage in the meaning of life”, “maladaptive decision-making”, “thinking to punish the guilty”, “negative self-evaluating, and “thought disorders” as subthemes. The second main theme was “adaptive cognitive reactions” consisting “positive defensive thoughts”, “appeal to religious beliefs”, and “peace-seeking thoughts for the decision-making” as subthemes. From cognitive aspect, the infidelity is not experienced homogeneously by all women victims, and the effects of infidelity can be either maladaptive or adaptive. Personality, religious beliefs, having children, and spousal relationship quality contributed to the women victims’ reactions. Given the fact that the findings have been elicited out of a native study, they may play a vital role in developing the intervention packages

Infidelity as one of the main causes for divorce has very deleterious effects on family, mental health, and feelings of the victims. The purpose of this study was to identify and explain emotional experiences and reactions of women victims of infidelity.
In this interpretative study with phenomenology method, study population consisted of women victims of infidelity in Shemiranat, Tehran City, Iran, in 2016. 18 women of 22-64 years who were victims of the infidelity were selected through purposive sampling and were investigated by a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis method.
The data analysis resulted in two main themes, 12 subthemes, and 61 initial concepts. As the first theme, ‘maladaptive emotional reactions’ consisted of subthemes as the feelings of separation from life (including feelings of sadness, frustration, and desire for death), separation from oneself (including inadequacy, and sense of abandonment), anger, hatred, cruelty, vulnerability, emotional confusion, fear and anxiety, numbness, and coldness. The second main theme was ‘adaptive emotional reactions’ consisting of subthemes as feelings of self-worth (including one’s own and spouse), compassion (including toward the spouse, and toward the rival), and attachment to the spouse (interest in the spouse, sense of their ownership, and their forgiveness).
The results showed that infidelity was a phenomenon not experienced similarly by all women victims. Based on social constructivists, different perceptions of women victims causing different patterns of reactions to infidelity in them. Given the fact that the findings have been elicited out of a native study, they may play a vital role in developing the intervention packages.

Infidelity has detrimental effects on the mental and physical health of victims. The aim of the present study is to identify psychosomatic reactions and physical effects of infidelity on the victims.
a qualitative research was used in this study. The study population consisted of women who are victims of infidelity in Tehran. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and in-depth interviews had been conducted with 18 women with the experience of infidelity. Data analyzed by thematic analysis method.
Findings: The results suggest that couples show different psychosomatic reactions to infidelity. Data analysis resulted in 12 main categories and 39 sub-categories. The main categories of psychosomatic reactions were as follows: 1. sleep and dream interruptions, 2. eating interruptions, 3. impaired brain function, 4. physical symptoms of anxiety and stress, 5. blood pressure problems, 6. hormonal interruptions, 7. signs of premature aging, 8. gastrointestinal problems, 9. respiratory and pulmonary problems, 10- visual problems, 11. cardiovascular problems, and 12. direct physical injuries.
Results of the present study revealed that infidelity is a psychological phenomenon with some physical effects. These effects are not experienced by all female victims alike. This suggests a different perception of female victims and its related processes that cause different patterns of psychosomatic reactions to the infidelity among them.

Depression is one of the most e, various approaches have been used in treating these disorders; however, scommon psycholo-gical disorders and of the most common causes of suicides. Other disorders with high comorbidity with depression are some of anxiety disorders. To datome researchers suggested that the use of cognitive behavioral therapy in combination with spiritual-religious techniques is much effective in treating anxiety disorders. The purpose of this study was to case-study and research the effectiveness of religion based cognitive behavioral therapy with focus on positive thinking and forgiveness techniques on the diagnosed depression and anxiety signs. One of the clients is a 46 year woman who through clinical interview and MMPI and SCL-90 tests has been diagnosed with depression and anxiety signs. Then, eight therapy sessions based on Khodaayaarifard and Aabedini’s (2015) intervention package were implemented. Results from the comparison of pre-test and post-test figures suggest that the religion based cognitive-behavioral therapy with focus on positive thinking and forgiveness techniques affects depression and anxiety signs. We could conclude that religion based cognitive-behavioral therapy with focus on positive thinking and forgiveness techniques, as a counseling-mixed, consistent with Iran’s culturalreligion context method, is significantly effective in elevating anxiety and depression signs, so far that counselors and psychotherapists can use it in treating clients with religious background.