mohammadrasoul khodadadi

Background & Marketing is the key business unit of the sports industry and it is clear that its customers are one of the most important assets. this research is Applied and correlational. The statistical population consisted of all private and public sports clubs in Tabriz city, with 398 customers selected randomly and clustered. The research tools were four standard internal marketing, Sensory Marketing, Fontaine Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty Inventory Questionnaire. Content validity was confirmed by experts and reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient is estimated. The analytical results of the test KS, Pearson and multiple regression and structural equation modeling and the demographics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation with the help of software Excel, SPSS and Amos were used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between internal marketing, relationship and sensory and their components with customer loyalty (p = 0.01). The results also showed that 38 percent of the variance in total loyalty changes of sports club clients is related to relationship marketing, sensory and internal communication. Finally, the results showed that the model of relationships between sensory marketing, relationships, internal and customer loyalty has a desirable fit. Managers of sports centers must improve the knowledge and skills of their employees and coaches in response to customer needs and customer relationships in order to improve the quality based on the highest expectations of the customers.

The virtual conduct of physical education classes during the COVID-19 pandemic has brought about changes in the lifestyle of teachers and students. Such experiences necessitate policymakers to become aware of various motivators for teachers and the reasons for student participation or non-participation in classes so that they can better plan for similar circumstances. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of virtual physical education classes in schools on the physical and mental health of students and the job motivation of physical education teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic.This research is both practical in terms of objective and descriptive in terms of methodology, conducted in a survey format. The population consisted of all physical education teachers and students in the first cycle of secondary education in East Azerbaijan. The sample size for physical education teachers was 291, and for students, it was 384, determined based on the Morgan table. The research instruments included two standard questionnaires: Herzberg's Job Motivation (1997) and Goldberg's General Health (1972). Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normal distribution of variables, and for hypothesis testing, paired t-test and Cohen's D test were employed using SPSSV25 software.The research results indicated that the virtual conduct of physical education classes during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a 7.8% decrease in the job motivation of physical education teachers and a 9.2% decrease in the physical and mental health of students (p<0.05). The findings of the study suggest that the virtual conduct of physical education classes during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a decline in the physical and mental health of students and the job motivation of physical education teachers. This underscores the need for reassessment and improvement in virtual educational programs for the future.

Maintaining volunteers who work at sporting events is one of the major issues faced by event organizers. This research paper examines the motivations, satisfaction, and future volunteering intentions of sports volunteers at the 15th cultural-sports Olympiad in Iran.

The current research is a correlational type, where the data was collected in the field and, by convenience sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data.The study utilizes structural equation modeling (SEM- Amos TM 23) to analyze the responses of 150 volunteer students in the year 2022 from the University of Tabriz and validate a theoretical model that encompasses these dimensions.

The results indicate a strong association between motivation, volunteer experience, volunteer satisfaction, and intention to continue volunteering. The findings highlight the importance of addressing volunteer incentives and motivations to enhance satisfaction and encourage continued involvement.

This research contributes to the growing literature on volunteerism in sports by offering insights into the different dimensions of volunteer satisfaction and the impact of information and communication technology in sports organizations. Moreover, it suggests that understanding the heterogeneity of volunteer motivations is crucial for recruitment, retention, and maintenance of volunteer contingents. The study acknowledges its concentration on a specific cultural sports event, outlining paths for future research. Our findings serve as a resource for event managers aiming to improve volunteer management practices and as a contribution to the field's body of knowledge on sports event volunteerism

With the development of technology and the mechanization of lifestyle, the amount of exercise has decreased, this factor has reduced the level of health in society. One of the areas that increase the physical and mental health of society is exercise and leisure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a model of recreational exercise in the family. The method of the study was qualitative research using the grounded theory and the method of data collection was field study which was designed, appropriate model. The statistical population of this study was active leisure professionals such as university faculty members, family counselors, experts in organizing family sports events at the Ministry of Sports and Youth, experts from the Federation of Public Sports. The method was snowball sampling. Sampling continued until the model reached the theoretical saturation level. Inthis study, the model reached the theoretical saturation level in interview26. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The Strauss-Corbin paradigm is used to analyze the interview texts, through the hierarchy of open, axial, and selective coding. Accordingly, we considered recreational sports in the family as the central class and examined the other classes as follows: conditional (causal, contextual, intervening), and consequential categories. The research findings included 6components in causal conditions, 4components in contextual conditions, 4components in interventionist conditions, 5components in strategies and 7components in consequences, which brings a total of 26components. According tothe results of the research, institutions can take positive steps towards the development of recreational sports in the family.

The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model for designing an integrated communication model in the supply chain of universal sports services in Iran. The research was carried out using a systematic theoretical framework and based on the fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. The sampling was theoretical and snowball, and theoretical saturation was achieved through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 18 experts in the sports industry, universal sports, and supply chain. Qualitative research reliability criteria were used to examine validity, and the agreement method of two coders and researcher coding at a specific time interval were used to examine reliability to draw fuzzy cognitive maps and calculate the relevant indices, Excel, FCMapper, and FCM Expert software were used. The results showed that the integrated management of communications in the supply chain of universal sports services is identified by three main concepts: management of supplier relationships, internal communication management, and customer relationship management. The main concepts included in this issue were communication in non-sports private industries, communication in educational centers, media communications, communications in non-sports government suppliers, communications in the main supply chain, international relations, dynamic reporting systems, participatory behaviors with customers, culture of appreciation for top customers, ancillary customer communication services, complaint handling, collaboration between links, social capital of the supply chain, and strategic alliance. Furthermore, the indices related to the cognitive maps indicated that the communications of the main supply chain, media communications, and collaboration between links have the highest degree of centrality, meaning that they have the greatest impact on the integrated communication system in the supply chain of universal sports services.

This research was conducted with the aim of developing an environmentally sustainable development model for sports events in Iran using a systematic approach to the Grounded theory. In order to carry out this qualitative research, from the research community that included the key players in sport and the environment, through in-purpose sampling, a deep interview was carried out with 18 experts from the sport and environmental management of the country. In the research method, by coding the open, pivotal and selective set of codes and concepts, the categories and links between these categories were obtained in the final theory. The findings of the study, called the causative conditions, include environmental authenticity and existing environmental status, the requirements and interaction of sport and the environment, the nature of the development of sports events, The underlying factors include the green infrastructure and the host environment, the requirements and sport system, the governing body, the share of sport in development of the country, the cultural and organizational attachment, the management plan Finally, interventional factors include the nature of the event and the environment, environmental and financial factors, internal and external resources, oversight, lobbying, and the structure of the sport industry And with the presentation of the strategies and outcomes, the final theory was developed. By studying the results and benefiting from the developed theory, it is possible to take more effective steps through strategic planning for sustainable environmental development of sport events and ultimately for sustainable development of the sport industry

The present study aimed to provide a model for decisions on outsourcing service in sport for all supply chain. The present study has been done using a systematic design of data foundation theory and based on fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. Through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 18 experts in the sports industry, sport for all, supply chain and outsourcing, the concepts and components of optimal decision-making in the field of outsourcing of sports services were identified. After summarizing and categorizing the issues raised by the experts, 6 main indicators and 20 sub-indicators were obtained in the decision to outsource services in the public sports supply chain. Then, based on the knowledge of experts, the relationships between concepts were drawn in the form of fuzzy cognition maps. Excel, FCMapper and FCM EXPERT software were used to draw fuzzy cognitive maps and calculate the related indicators. Indicators related to cognitive maps indicated that the design and implementation of outsourcing evaluation systems, control and comparison of pre- and post-outsourcing conditions and the quality of outsourcing recipients, respectively, have the highest degree of centrality; this means that they have the most impact on the outsourcing decision-making system. Finally a set of Outsourcing the Decisions policies were examined as two different scenarios. The results of this study show that according to the fuzzy cognitive map, the principled and scientific decision-making of outsourcing services in the sport  for all supply chain is the result of comprehensive attention to decision-making indicators. The results of this study can help sports managers to make appropriate decisions to outsource the sport for all services sector and succeed.

Sport industry by having many capabilities in holding sports events, especially in the field of professional leagues has a great ability to generate income. The Premier Football League is one of the most important businesses in the Iranian sports industry. Therefore, addressing this issue is one of the issues that is very necessary for the country's sports industry. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the business model of the Iranian Football Premier League in two parts with two qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative part was done with the help of MAXQDA software by phenomenological method and by using semi-structured interviews by interpreting the views and impressions of 30 experts who were selected by snowball method. In this section, the business canvas of the Iranian Football Premier League was obtained based on Osterwalder ontology. The quantitative part was conducted using a standard questionnaire and the participation of 80 informed people as a research sample who were selected by purposive non-random sampling method. Data analysis in this section was performed using Smart PLS software. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between key partners with the structure of costs and key resources, customer segments with revenue stream and key resources with the proposed values and distribution channel. The results of the present study are a roadmap for structural pathology and developing compensatory strategies to create an integrated structure and a comprehensive communication framework in all aspects of the Iranian Football Premier League business canvas.

The general purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the branding of sports goods and its relationship with the purchase of sports goods in schools. Practical elements in product branding effectively create a competitive and sustainable position in the market.

The present study is a descriptive-survey study and, in terms of the purpose of applied research and time, is performed cross-sectionally. The statistical population of this research is all consumers of school sports products (students) in Tabriz. According to the mentioned population, the statistical sample size is selected using the Morgan table equal to 384. Also, the sampling method based on a simple random process is. Data collection in this study was done using a questionnaire of factors affecting the branding method with a questionnaire of the brand's dimensions (tangible and intangible) by Dehdashti (2012) and the purchase amount questionnaire. The reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient (0.84). In this research, the method of structural equations and preferably Amos software has been used to investigate the relationships between research variables.

The research findings indicate that the brand's intangible and tangible dimensions have a significant relationship with the number of sports goods purchased in schools.

Originality:

 So far, two tangible and intangible dimensions of the brand have not been addressed explicitly in school sports goods.

The aim of this study was to provide a suitable context for the optimal quality of services based on rating of gymnasium. This research is an applied and descriptive-analytical research that has been done in the field. The statistical sample included experts in the field of quality of gymnasium and sport places services, university professors in the field of sports places and facilities management, and experts and heads of delegations and gymnasium of Tabriz city. In another sample, 302 people were selected from the customers of high-ceiling Poursharifi gym based on Cochran's formula and cluster random sampling method. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the mathematical method of the algorithm, the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, were utilized for standard rating of gymnasium based on rating using SPSS, Excel, expert choice, and Matlab software. The results showed that based on the geometric average, the quality indicators of gymnasium services can be rated in 5 clusters. According to the results, the highest weight belonged to the equipment and gym standards and the lowest weight to Aesthetic features of the gym. Finally, according to the codes written, the studied gym is 1 star based on the customer scores and the comparison with expert standards.  

This study aimed to provide a model of convergence organizational behavior of Sports organizations human resource in the public sport for all service supply chain using the fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. The present study has been done using a systematic design of data foundation theory and based on fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. Through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 18 experts in the sports industry, sport for all, supply chain and Human Resource Management, the concepts and components of optimal Vertical and horizontal convergence model of human resource management of sport for all services were identified. After summarizing and formulating the issues raised by the experts, the supply and demand system of human resources in the whole chain, supply chain of human resources talent, optimization of knowledge and training in the chain, standardization of employment along the chain, matching of service compensation, monitoring and Human resource control and HR retirement program were identified as factors of horizontal alignment and cultural alignment, convergence of human resource information, convergence with customer and market demand and convergence with supply chain strategies as factors of vertical convergence of human resources in the sport for all service supply chain. Excel, FCMapper and FCM EXPERT software were used to draw fuzzy cognitive maps and calculate the related indicators. The indicators related to cognitive maps indicated that the supply and demand system of human resources in the whole chain, the supply chain of human resources talent and the monitoring and control of human resources have the highest degree of centrality, respectively; Finally, the effect of different horizontal and vertical convergence policies on mapping elements was investigated in two scenarios.

The research is to identify the factors affecting the sustainable development of sport events in Iran using thematic analysis. So, a qualitative research among the research community that included key players in sport and the environment was formed through Purposeful sampling and a deep interview was conducted with 18 experts from the country's sports and environmental management. Based on the research method, a collection of initial codes and concepts was extracted. Then, through thematic analysis of these codes and concepts, the causal, subjective and interventive final themes and categories were formed. The findings were divided into three categories of causative factors including environmental authenticity and existing environmental status, the requirements and interaction of sport and the environment and the nature of the development of sports events. The underlying factors included the green infrastructure and the host environment, the requirements and system of the environmental system of sport, the governing body, the share of sport in the development of the country, the cultural and organizational attachment, the management plan and Finally, interventional factors include the nature of the event and the environment, environmental and financial factors, internal and external resources, monitoring, law enforcement and lobbying, and the structure of the country's sports industry. By examining the results and benefiting from identified factors, we can take more effective steps through strategic planning and implementation of appropriate strategies for sustainable environmental development of sport events and ultimately for sustainable development of the country's sports industry.

The aim of this study was to provide a suitable context for the optimal quality of services based on rating of gymnasium. This research is an applied and descriptive-analytical research that has been done in the field. The statistical sample included experts in the field of quality of gymnasium and sport places services, university professors in the field of sports places and facilities management, and experts and heads of delegations and gymnasium of Tabriz city. In another sample, 302 people were selected from the customers of high-ceiling Poursharifi gym based on Cochran's formula and cluster random sampling method. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the mathematical method of the algorithm, the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, were utilized for standard rating of gymnasium based on rating using SPSS, Excel, expert choice, and Matlab software. The results showed that based on the geometric average, the quality indicators of gymnasium services can be rated in 5 clusters. According to the results, the highest weight belonged to the equipment and gym standards and the lowest weight to Aesthetic features of the gym. Finally, according to the codes written, the studied gym is 1 star based on the customer scores and the comparison with expert standards.

Self-leadership is one of theories of leadership, which refers to the process of influencing oneself. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to design the self- leadership model of elite athletes to determine how elite athletes can use this phenomenon. The present study was conducted qualitatively and by the classic (emerging) grounded theory. 19 experts were interviewed by semi-structured interviews using targeted sampling method and data gathering were completed by the theoretical saturation criterion. A set of open, selective, and theoretical coding methods were used to analyze the qualitative data. The trustworthiness of the findings was confirmed by various methods and calculation of agreement coefficient. According to the results, 93 final codes were created and the self-leadership of elite athletes included four types of cognitive control (13 codes), behavioral control (15 codes), emotional control (8 codes) and managerial control (10 codes), and behavioral control was selected as the main category. Also, two types of environmental and personal constraints (17 codes) have adverse effects on the self-leadership ability of athletes. Self-leadership of athletes can be developed by training and reinforcement strategies (15 codes). Ultimately, the self-leadership of athletes has three positive consequences (15 codes): improved performance, self-esteem, and success, which is success is final than the others. Findings can be considered as the basis for further research and guidance for practical.

The purpose of this research is design the maturity model of knowledge management based on business strategies in Iranian sports. The research approach is functionalism; it is a descriptive survey based on the purpose.The statistical society was the entire elite of the sports management of the universities and the specialists of the entire sports and youth departments of the country. The questionnaire for indicators of maturity model codes Jami Pour et al. (1393) and the questionnaire of the maturity model of knowledge management is consistent with business strategies Jami Pour et al. (1393) were used.Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Amos. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to determine the normality of the statistical society; the binomial test to determine the maturity level of the indices; the calculated value to determine the capability of the indices; and the formula for the percentage of puberty to determine the level and total percentage of puberty; and, structural equation modeling to determine the structural equation model of KM indicators matched with business strategies in Iranian sport was used. The results showed that the maturity level of knowledge management is consistent with business strategies of 69.13%. Strategic, organizational and huma, and technical and content dimensions have a significant effect on business. Therefore, to target the use of knowledge, and to organize the stages and levels of its development, understanding the status of knowledge management and determining the factors influencing decision making, in order to apply and improve knowledge management in line with the business is nessessary.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of entrepreneurial orientation and motivational factors for sport sponsors in strengthening sport tourism status in Iran. This research is of practical purpose and in nature. The statistical population was all professors of sport and tourism management in all provinces of Iran. The statistical sample size was estimated 252 using G-POWER software and Cochran formula. The Hughes & Morgan (2007) questionnaire of entrepreneurial orientation the questionnaire of sport support motivation factors of Hematinejad et al (2016) and a questionnaire on strengthening sport tourism status were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos software. The KolmogorovSmirnov and Pearson's correlation test were used to determine the normality of the statistical population and to test the hypotheses and the structural equation modeling was used to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and motivating factors of sport sponsors on enhancing sport tourism status. The results showed innovation had the most impact on entrepreneurial orientation,facilities had the most impact on motivating sport sponsors and health requirements had the most impact on enhancing sport tourism. It is necessary to prioritize and invest in the factors that are most important to experts in strengthening the sport tourism.

The sports industry has the potential to earn a very high income in sports events, especially in the field of professional leagues. So addressing this subject is one of the issues that are essential for the sports industry of our country. The present study was based on the nine components of the Osterwalder’s Business Canvas, which seeks to interpret the views and perceptions of experts of the soccer Premier League as one of the main businesses of the Iran sports industry. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach using library studies and interviews. To select the sample, the snowball sampling technic was used to get theoretical saturation principle (n = 20). Data from the library studies were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method with the use of MAXQDA software. The findings of the research, based on the experts' opinion, present strategic measures in the framework of the four-factor practical model, including the elimination, creation, reduction and increase indicators, which can be considered as a Blue ocean strategy by the officials and decision makers of the country's sports and soccer industry.

The maturity of knowledge management is considered as an essential management activity for businesses. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the elemental structure and standardizing the Maturity of knowledge Management Based on Business Strategies Questionnaire.

This study is a field research and is based on objective, applied and research-development, and has been conducted in a non-experimental way. To investigate the factor structure and standardize the questionnaire, 282 people among all the elite sports management and specialists from the entire sports and youth departments of the country Responded To The Maturity of Knowledge Management Questionnaire Based on Business Strategies Jami Pour et al. (1393). The method Multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOSE software.

The results showed that, Factor analysis of first order and second order showed that all factor loads were greater than 0.4 and were significant at 95% probability level. Therefore, the construct validity of the indicators of the strategic, human-organizational and technical-content categories is established and no item is deleted.

According to the results of this research, the maturity of knowledge management questionnaire, along with business strategies, has the characteristics needed to apply knowledge research in business.

Nowadays recording the performances and body activities of the athletes during the exercises and the matches have noticeable importance which is the reason for growth of the sports wearable’s technology, for the past few years. Accordingly, we designed new wearable equipment on the basis of internet of things, using Arduino Boards and different kind of sensors for recording the performance and physical activities of the athletes. The process data of the sensors are available in real time and could be displayed in the PC through the internet connection which makes the coach capable of analyzing the performance of the athlete during or after the activity. The weight of this equipment is less than 100 gr and works with a frequency of 5 Hz (the data will be updated every 200 ms). The advantages of the designed equipment comparing to similar imported ones are the smaller size and the less ultimate cost.

One of the most important and most influential topics in macroeconomics and international economics is the choice of foreign exchange regime. The type of foreign exchange regime affects a wide range of economic variables in each country. Foreign exchange revenues on oil exports increase the importance of foreign exchange regime and foreign exchange policies. Also, the exchange rate is an important factor in the rise and fall of commerce in the countries. This study aimed at investigating the foreign exchange regimes on the flow of commerce of sporting goods group in 1993-2013 in D8 countries using a panel data approach. Data sources were World Bank, the WTO, the IMF and international information center. Stata 12 software was used for data analysis. The results showed that trade, distance, population, colonization and having a common border had a positive effect and a joint business agreement, nominal exchange rate, consolidated variable of consumer price index, effective exchange rate and GDP had a negative effect on the flow of sporting goods group commerce. Trade and nominal exchange rate were not statistically significant and other variables were statistically significant at a confidence level of 10%.

The aim of study is modeling the organizational and human factors of knowledge management maturity based on business in sport of Iran. This research has been conducted with a functionalistic approach and using a survey method; hence it is non-test type. This research is Based on the objective, it is also applicable at the first stage, in the second stage it is evaluated and in the third stage it is a type of research and development. The statistical population of the study was all elite sports management and experts in the general administration sports and youth of the country. Data collection tool was library studies and questionnaire. The Jamipour et al (2014) standard questionnaire of knowledge management maturity indicators along with business strategies was used. Analysis of data was performed by using the SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the greatest impact was on participation and engagement of staff; training management procedures; evaluating the performance of knowledge management; knowledge management processes and activities. The findings showed that all four dimensions of people, support and organizational infrastructure, evaluations and processes, and the flow of knowledge management have a significant effect in business. According to the results, it can be said that efficient knowledge management allows employees to interact and participate in sports departments, be in touch and keep up-to-date on the details of their work branch. Keywords: Business, Knowledge Management, Maturity of Knowledge Management, Organizational and human factors, Sport.

The aim of study is investigate the role of media communication and efective advertising in attracting the financial supporter for the Table tennis in the East Azerbaijan Province. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive – survey. The statistical population was all of the sports management professionals, Media Professionals and also Board members on the table tennis in East Azerbaijan province; that was estimated 210 persons. The sample size was found 132 people by Morgan table. Validity and reliability of questionnaires used by researchers in various researches have been confirmed and confirmed. Analysis of data was performed by using the SPSS software (version 21) and Excel (version 2010). Shapiro - Wilk Test was used for study normality of data distribution, and was used Linear regression Test and Friedman test for testing the hypotheses. Results show that, the media communications and advertising can positively and significantly predict attracting public resources, attracting sponsors of the private sector, advertising revenue during the tournament, revenues from sports competitions, and marketing and introducing services and products. With regard to the results, it can be stated that the media and its various roles are an essential element in advertising and sponsorship; Therefore, if investments, sponsors, advertising, media and sports are placed in a positive and principled interaction together, they will grow and expand together and, as a result, engage in different sectors of society and, most importantly, It will boost the country's sport.

The purpose of the research was, Analysis of the Components of Sustainable development of Sports Places (Economic, Social Factors and Environmental) of Takhtyi Stadiumon the Urban Environment of Tabriz. The survey population comprised 650 residents around the Takhti Stadium, police forces, municipally-owned forces around the stadium and stadium officials. The sample via stratified random sampling targeted 240 people were selected. The present study was descriptive, is the correlation type survey. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity (content, convergence, divergence) and reliability (factor loadings, reliability of supplies and alpha coefficient) questionnaires were well within acceptable limits. The results of hypotheses testing can be used by software AMOS respectively and using the path (B). The results showed that, the components of sustainable development of sports places (economic, environmental) had a significant effect on the urban environment of Tabriz. Also, among the social determinants of sustainable development of sports places, no significant positive effects on the urban environment were found. The urban environment with a regression coefficient of 0.73 had the most impact on the urban environment of Tabriz.So custodian’s sports community with the sustainable development desirable future for human societies is guarantee and where the living conditions and the use of resources, without damaging the integrity, stability and beauty of critical systems, human needs are solved.

The purpose of this study was to study the effects of aerobic, non-aerobic and relaxation exercises on reducing anxiety and stress in female students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences.   This quasi-experimental study was performed on female students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences during the academic year 2016-2017. A total of 60 students were randomly divided into the three groups (n=20) of aerobic exercise, non-aerobic exercise and relaxation and exposed to 8 weeks training programs (3 sessions a week with a minimum of 45 minutes). Before and after the intervention, subjects were asked to fill out the anxiety and stress questionnaire (DASS-21) that the validity and reliability of its Persian version had been previously confirmed. One-way ANOVA was used to test the study hypotheses. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software.   Between the three groups of aerobic exercise, non-aerobic exercise and relaxation there were significant differences in the rates of stress reduction (P≤0.01), and anxiety (P≤0.05). Stress and anxiety had become less in the aerobic and relaxation groups.   Relaxation and aerobic exercise activities can reduce stress and anxiety in students.

The physical and mental well-being of youth is one of the most important goals of every society. Sport activity is one of the factors that plays an important role in the optimal physical and psychological performance of individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between sport participation, psychological well-being and physical complaints among students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The research was descriptive-correlational. The population of this study was Kerman University of Medical Sciences (5000 people). 360 people were selected using stratified random sampling using Krejci and Morgan tables. Data were collected by the “Questionnaire Psychological Well-Being”, “Physical Complaints Questionnaire” and the “Physical Activity Participation Questionnaire”. The validity of the instruments was confirmed by eight sports experts and reliability through Cronbach's alpha. Data was analyzed using SPSS.20. Students' psychological well-being and students' physical complaints were significantly higher than the mean, which indicates the proper status of psychological well-being and inappropriate status of physical complaints. Also, there was a positive and significant correlation between sport participation with physical complaints (r = -0.26, P = 0.001) and psychological well-being (r = 0.54, P = 0.001). In addition, 32 percent of the variance in total physical complaints changes among students is related to the participation component and psychological well-being. The results indicated a positive correlation between sport participation and psychological well-being and its negative correlation with physical complaints. It is suggested that universities sports department provide appropriate equipment for student sport to reduce physical complaints and improve psychological well-being.