reza mahdavi nejad

Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS) is a musculoskeletal disorder characterized by muscle imbalance, specifically involving shortening and weakness of certain muscles. This study aimed to determine the effect of eight weeks of selected corrective exercises on UCS in Carpet weaver women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 women with kyphosis, exhibiting forward head posture, forward shoulder posture, and hyperkyphosis, participated. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups of 15, experimental and control. The experimental group performed selected corrective exercises for eight weeks, three days a week. Forward head angle was measured using a goniometer, forward shoulder angle using a double square, and kyphosis angle using a flexible ruler before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS software package (P≤0.05).

In the experimental group, a significant reduction in forward head angle (p=0.01) and kyphosis angle (p=0.008) was observed after eight weeks of exercise. However, there was no significant difference in forward shoulder posture (p=0.06).

Considering the significant reduction in forward head and kyphosis angles in the experimental group, the use of this exercise program is recommended for individuals with forward head posture and kyphosis abnormalities.

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system, occurring mainly in the elderly age group. It affects the balance of these patients and increases the risk of falls and eventually dangerous hip fractures. Therefore, it seems necessary to find a way to improve the balance in these patients. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of twelve weeks of dynamic neuromuscular stability exercises on the static and dynamic balance of people with Parkinson's disease. In this semi-experimental study, 30 men and women with Parkinson's disease were selected according to the Hun and Yar scale. Then, the participants were randomly paired into two groups including experimental groups of 15 subjects and control. First, both groups were subjected to a pretest. Then the experimental group performed the DNS exercises in for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session lasted 45 minutes. The control group also led a normal life, and a posttest was performed on both groups at the end of 12 weeks. The foot scan was used to measure static balance and time to get up and go (TUG) test was used to measure dynamic balance. The repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis showed that DNS can improve the static and dynamic balance of elderly people with PD. According to the findings, it can be implied that these exercises can make improvements in the rehabilitation programs for people with Parkinson's disease.

Chronic low back pain (LBP) has been one of the most challenging medical problems worldwide which have led to many disabilities and physical problems. The purpose of this study was a comparison of the effect of walking forth, back, and side in the water for 8 weeks on pain intensity, and motor activity in men with chronic low back pain.

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 men with chronic LBP were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into three groups: walking forward, walking backward, and walking sideways. Exercises were performed for 8 weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week and each session lasted 30-45 minutes. Pain intensity was measured by the Quebec pain scale and motor function with the temporal rise and move test (TUG) and stork stand test (Stork test).

The results of paired t-test showed that walking in water backward, forwards, and sideways significantly reduced the pain intensity and increase the motor function of the subjects in the post-test compared to the pre-test (p=0.001). Examination of the results of group comparison with one-way analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference between walking methods on subjects' pain intensity and motor function with the stork test (p> 0.05).  

This article showed that 8 weeks of walking exercises in water reduced pain intensity and increased motor function in chronic LBP. It can be suggested that these exercises are effective for the treatment of chronic LBP.

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) refers to any kind of damage caused by direct or indirect damage to the brain and its related elements. It is estimated that about 60% of brain injury victims have a permanent disorder. The consequences of CVA include reduced movement speed, weakness, functional impairment, reduced power, and balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week selected training protocol on motor function following brain injury. In a semi-experimental study, 30 male subjects with a mean and standard deviation of 52.2 ± 5.4 years, weight 173.2 ± 4.2 kg, and height of 78.8 ± 5.3 cm were selected purposefully and accessible with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were randomly divided into experimental (n = 15) and control groups (n = 15). In order to evaluate the physical-motor performance, 10-meter walking tests, get up and go tests, and climbing stairs tests were used. The training program lasted for 12 weeks, three sessions per week, and each session for 30 - 60 minutes. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and dependent t-test using SPSS-21 software at P ≤ 0.05 level. Based on dependent t-test and covariance test, there were significant differences in all three components of motor function (10 m walk time tests, get up and go test, and stair climbing test), there was a significant increase after training in men with CVA (P = 0.00). From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the special exercises of the present study have a positive effect on motor function parameters of male patients with CVA, so it can be recommended as one of the most important rehabilitation strategies for these patients.

Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) approach evaluates and activates the spinal stabilizers to optimize the performance of posture and respiratory system. This study investigated the effects of DNS breathing exercises on upper and lower chest wall mobility (UCM and LCM), trunk extensor endurance, and thoracic kyphosis in a group of sedentary students with poor posture.

In this randomized, controlled 6-week trial, 52 participants were randomly divided into two groups: a DNS breathing exercise group (n=26) and a control group (n=26). First, a pre-test of the UCM, LCM, trunk muscle endurance and thoracic kyphosis was done on each participant in random order. DNS breathing exercise protocol (six times a week for six weeks) was implemented and after its completion, all post-test parameters were taken. Descriptive statistical and the paired-sample t test were used to analyze the obtained data.

Significant improvements were observed in the post-test compared with pre-test in DNS breathing exercise group in UCM (6.2±1.6 vs 4.4±0.9 cm, P<0.001), LCM (7.7±1.7 vs 5.5±1.0 cm, P<0.001), trunk muscle endurance (110.1±33.5 vs 88.7±34.1 s, P<0.001), and thoracic kyphosis (146.9±5.5 vs 142.7±4.0 degree, P<0.001). In contrast, the change in these parameters in the control group was not statistically significant.

DNS breathing exercise with a focus on the integrated spinal stabilizing system and breathing techniques is an effective protocol to significantly improve UCM and LCM, trunk muscle endurance, and thoracic kyphosis. It is suggested that DNS breathing exercises be introduced to improve chest mobility and posture and provide physiological stabilization for the overall health and performance of student

Considering the integrity of the skeletal-muscular-neurological system and chain reactions, the optimal neuromuscular efficiency to maintain dynamic stability is established by the proper combination of proper alignment (static/dynamic) and stability strength, any defect in the body, and the useful function can alter the lumbopelvic-hip complex. The mechanical and coupling force of all muscles causes changes in different parts or even the performance of special components, devices, and organs related to the movement system (1,2). The excessive increase of the lumbar arch called the back of the pelvis or lordosis following a change in the position of the pelvis will affect the balance of the human locomotor system and cause numerous disorders in the lumbopelvic-hip complex. The aim of this study was to the effect of corrective exercises of America’s National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) on the correction of lumbar lordosis and improving the balance in female karate athletes (3,4).

In this pre-test and post-test semi-experimental study, 40 female karate athletes of Isfahan (age: 18-25 years) participated. Inclusion criteria were consisted of: Female gender, aged between 18-25 years old, BMI between 18-25 kg/m2, affected by Hyperlordosis ≥58° (5), complete the consent form of the subjects for voluntary participation, have not participated in any rehabilitation program in the past six months, absence of pathological complications including a history of fractures, surgery, diseases, and joint disorders in the lumbar-pelvic-thigh area, no lower extremity abnormalities in different views and no mental illness, having at least five years of experience in training and competition In the provincial karate league. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. All participants signed an informed consent form before starting the study. Ethics approval was taken from the Ethics Committee of the Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran IR.UI.REC.1397.097, and was carried out according to the Helsinki Protocol. The intervention group received corrective exercises for eight weeks (3 sessions per week/ 45-60 minutes). All subjects were assessed at baseline, and after eight weeks, for lumbar curvature angle and static and dynamic balance performance by a flexible ruler (6,7), stork (8) and Y test (9), respectively. Qualified and trained examiner that assessed hyperlordosis, static, and dynamic balance was blind to the diagnosis and severity of hyperlordosis in a standing posture. Moreover, participants were examined in the habitual, relaxed posture that is usually adopted (10). Individuals were excluded from the study process if they participated in other physical activity and sports that may influence the study results, unwillingness to continue participating in the study, absence of more than three sessions in training, and non-participation in tests. The statistical analysis was performed with statistical software, namely SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois). All parameter outcomes were evaluated for each participant, and the mean and standard deviation (Mean ± SD) were computed by descriptive statistics test in pre and post-session. The normality of the data and the homogeneity of the groupschr('39') variance were evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Leven tests, respectively. Also, data analysis was performed using repeated-measures analysis by SPSS software version 21. The significance level was established at p<0.05.

In the results of within and between group in lumbar lordosis angle, a significant difference was observed in the results of the experimental group (P <0.05). In addition, a significant difference was reported in static and dynamic balance test (p<0.05).

This study aimed to correct lumbar lordosis and improve the static and dynamic balance of female karate athletes with NASM exercises. The results showed a significant improvement in the effect of 8 weeks of NASM training on lumbar lordosis angle (from 63.20 to 43.70 degrees), static balance (from 18.60 to 38.90 second) and dynamic balance (from 1.04 to 1.26 Meter). Overactivity and stiffness of the Psoas muscle, which may be caused by repetitive movements in karate athletes, cause inhibition of the antagonistchr('39')s muscles, including the Glutes Maximus, as well as the stabilizer muscles of the pelvic girdle, including the Multifidus, Deep erector spine, Internal Oblique, and Transversus abdominis, thereby disrupting the extensor mechanism during functional patterns. Because in athletes, due to inhibition of the Glutes Maximus, the Latissimus dorsi muscle may be created as a compensatory mechanism to maintain the upright position of the torso and provide core stabilization and pelvis and throughout the motor chain, to be dominant (hyperactive) (1). The use of myofascial release techniques and static stretching leads to an inhibitory response in the muscle spindle and release the muscles tighten and shorten(1). On the other hand, despite the optimal length-tension relationships, subsequent use of corrective exercises for activation and integration exercises in underactive muscles, increases inter and intramuscular coordination, endurance in strength and optimal force couple relations, and can be desirable arthrokinematics (1,11). To improve the process of neuromuscular efficiency of the human movement system, which is one of the principles of NASM to create and use these techniques as a complete correctional planning system. Furthermore, optimal alignment and functioning of all components (and segments of each component) result in optimum length-tension relationships, force-couple relationships, precise arthrokinematics, and neuromuscular control (1,11,12). Therefore, NASM exercises used in the current study as an effective way to improve lumbar-pelvic-hip complex muscle function and therefore reducing the lumbar lordosis angle can improve the balance of subjects and be used by athletes.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of 8 weeks 11+ training on 7 tests functional movement screening score in Footsalchr('39')s players women.

In Quasi-experimental study there were 48 female presented in Footsal  Purposefully and Selected available and randomly, which accidently divided in 2 groups, an experimental group (36) with the mean of 23/3±2/8 year for age, 164/94±4/93 cm for height and 63/58±6/35 kg for weight, and a control group (12) with the mean of 23/08±2/74 year for age, 165/42±5/08 cm for height and 62/83±6/10 kg for weight, which purposefully participated as research samples.7 functional movement screening tests, before and after implementation of the +11 protocol applied on subjects as pre-exam and post-exam. The training program was for 8 weeks, 3 session in a week and each session was 20 minutes. For analyzing the data, ANOVA test for repeated measurements at the significant level of P≤0/05 applied.

The results showed that training +11 on the Score results of deep Squat (f(1,46)=6/07 p=0/01), Hurdle Step f(1,46)=4/98 p=0/03), lunge f(1,46)=11/63 p=0/01) hadsignificant interaction effects and shoulder mobility scores f(1,46)=2/19 p=0/14) ,Acttive straight-leg raise, (f(1,46)=2/003 p=0/16) ,trunk stability Pushup (f(1,46)=1/09 p=0/30) and Rotational stability (f(1,46)=0/20 p=0/20) had nonsense effects.

Results  related to Statistical analysis of intra-group effects of Dynamic balance test in all three aspects of anterior, internal posterior and external posterior (respectively F(1,46)=28/6 P=0/00, F(1,46)=38/6 P=0/00,  F=?(1,46)=54/4 P=0/00) and static balance, F=(1,46)=7/5 P=0/01.Were meaningful.

Based on the results we can conclude that +11 exercises in overall scores improvements of performance and balance screening of Footsalchr('39')s players women were effective. So sports coaches and corrective exercises experts can use +11 exercises as a training method for increasing scores of functional movement screening tests or injury prevention before sports programchr('39')s footsalchr('39')s players women.

Chronic back pain is one of the most challenging medical problems worldwide that results in disability, physical problems, and high costs for the family and society. Therefore, it can be very beneficial to find an appropriate treatment with minimum side‑effects for this disease. The present study attempted to compare the effects of different water gait protocols on the endurance and electrical activity of spine extensor muscles in men with nonspecific chronic back pain.

The study adopted an experimental design in which 30 men with non‑specific chronic back pain were selected through convenience sampling and using simple randomization method assigned into three groups of forward walking, backward walking, and sideways walking. Walking exercises were performed for 8 weeks, three sessions per week for 30 min. Twenty‑four hours before and 48 h after the intervention, the endurance of spine extensor muscles and electrical activities were measured using the Ito test and electromyography, respectively. Data were analyzed in SPSS 23 using paired sample t‑test and analysis of variance.

The results showed that backward walking in water significantly increases endurance and electromyography activities of spine extensor muscles (P < 0.05), while forward and sideways walking had no significant effect on these variables (P > 0.05). The results obtained from Bonferroni post‑hoc test showed a significant difference between the strength of trunk extensor muscles and EMG of spinal cord extensor muscles in forward and backward water gait groups (P = 0.001, 0.006).

According to the findings of this study, it seems that walking backward can be an effective therapeutic method for patients with chronic back pain.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of eight weeks of conventional and suspension corestability exercises by use of the designed device on characteristic of intervertebral discs in low back pain. A total of 27 men with chronic low back (CLB) pain due to lumbar disc herniation in L4-L5 and L5-S1 regionswere enrolled in this quasi-experimental study. After assessing the pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS) anddetermining the disc herniation index using MRI, each group of patients were asked to perform either conventionalor suspension exercises for eight weeks, each week consisting of three training sessions. The pain intensity wasassessed at the end of the first, second, third, fourth and eighth weeks and the disc hernia index was determined againat the end of the eight weeks of exercises. The results indicated significant changes in the intensity of pain in both groups through the period of eightweeks of exercise with a remarkable pain relief. In relation to the structural characteristics of the intervertebral disc, dataanalysis did not reveal any significant change between the pre- and post-test. Considering the beneficial effects of the stability exercises and specially suspension stability exerciseswith respect to pain alleviation and reduced use of sedatives and anti-inflammatory drugs, this method can be helpfulat early stages of treatment for chronic pains.Level of evidence: I

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a session of suspended exercise using a tool designed for pain and characteristic of intervertebral disc of the lumbar vertebrae. This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The subjects consisted of 12 men with chronic low back pain caused by lumbar disc herniation in L4-L5 and L5-S1 regions. After assessing the degree of pain using Visual Analog Scale and determining the structural characteristic of intervertebral by using magnetic imaging resonance, the subjects performed suspension exercises using the designed chair over a 30-min session. At the end of session, the pain and disc herniation of discs were re-assessed. For data analysis, the paired t-test and Wilcoxon tests were applied at a significant level of p≤0.05.  The results indicated significant changes in the degree of pain in the pre and post-test stages, so that a remarkable pain relief was observed in the post-test. In relation to the structural characteristics of the intervertebral disc, despite the apparent changes in the mean of collected data, the results did not reveal any significant change between pretest and posttest. Considering the beneficial effects of the designed device with respect to pain alleviation and thus reduced using of sedatives and anti-inflammatory drugs, this method can be helpful at the early treatment stages for chronic pains.

Due to the repeated of wrestling and a relatively high percentage of injuries in this sport Identify ways of preventing the damage of the utmost importance. The present study investigates the effect of eight weeks of selected Thera-band's exercises on the balance and functional movement of adolescent wrestlers in the city of Baft.

The subjects of this study included 30 athlete men wrestlers, who were selected randomly and divided into two groups of exercises (age: 17.27, height: 1.72 m, weight: 71.53 kg and body mass index: 24.01) and the and controls (age: 17.07 years, height: 1.74 meters, weight: 72.46 kg, and body mass index: 23.88). A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and about the history of sport, and to measure static and dynamic balance and functional movement respectively, stork test, Y balance tests and functional movement screen test were used. Independent and correlated t-test, Yu-Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare mean differences with P-value of 0.05.

The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the static balance (p <0.001) and the total dynamic balance (p <0.001) between the two groups,

Pay attention to the results it seems that running a low-cost program can be effective in improving balance and performance. According to the results it seems that athletes in the field of sports along with professional training wrestling and free weights use the training with Thera-band's to improve the motor pattern to reduce the amount of damage and improve their movement patterns.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effect of core and hip neuromuscular training on knee joint position sense and static balance of male athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Twenty four athletes with a history of ACL reconstruction were selected and divided into experimental and control groups randomly. Before and after training (8 weeks, 3 sessions per week) from both groups, knee proprioception at 30, 45 and 60 degrees and static balance evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer and a one-limb stand test by force plate respectively. Data were analyzed using t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that neuromuscular training can have a significant effect on knee joint position sense and static balance of athletes who have a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Fatigue is one of the most important factors affecting the occurrence of  sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of functional fatigue on the  position sense of ankle joint on female futsal players. In this semi experimental study, 22 female futsal students of Isfahan  University with the mean and standard deviation of age 20 ± 1.8 years, weight 57 ± 2.40 kg, and height  161.5 ± 5.73 cm were selected as the study samples using convenient sampling technique.  Functional futsal fatigue was maked with Bangsbo modified futsal fatigue protocol. position sense of  ankle joint was measured with Isokinetic Biodex set in 15degree inversion and eversion and fatigue  with borg scale before and immediately after of doing protocol. Data was analyzed with dependent T  test and significance level of (p= 0/05). The results showed after fatigue, error rate of the players has significantly increased in the  reconstruction of the angle. Based on the information obtained from the Borg scale, the fatigue of  players in the post test (17.81±2.2) was significantly more than pretest (7±0.81). (P=0.000& Es=1.54). fatigue makes change in position sense of ankle joint.In present study used from modified futsal fatigue protocol for made fatigue in participant. The result showed after doing fatigue protocol, increased error rate of position sense. Therefore probability of injured increased.

Muscle imbalance of the upper quadrant of the body is one of the problems in paraplegia spinal cord injury (SCI) patients using wheelchair. This increases the risk of developing deformities and exposes the person to upper cross syndrome (UCS). The use of NASM-based corrective exercises is one of the new ways of restoring muscle balance for preventing and correcting deformities. The aim of this study was investigating the effect of NASM-based training protocol on UCS in paraplegia SCI patients. 22 male paraplegic spinal cord injury patients with forward head, round shoulder, and kyphosis deformities were selected and divided into two groups of training(n:12, age:38.68±9.81) and control(n:10, age:40.40±7.33). Training group performed NASM-based exercises for 12 weeks. Goniometer, double square, and flexible ruler were used to measure forward head, round shoulder, and kyphosis, respectively. The statistical analysis of variance for repeated data at the significance level of (P <0.05) was used to analyze the data. Forward head, round shoulder, and kyphosis deformities had significant improvements in training group in comparison to control group from pre to post test(P <0.05). It is suggested that people with SCI who spend a lot of hours on the wheelchair should modify the position of the nose using the proposed NASM-based training exercises in this study on a regular basis in order to prevent muscle imbalance and developing the deformities in the upper quadrant of the body.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome, cause disturbance in pain and performance. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of core stabilization muscles of the trunk with a quadriceps muscle strengthening on pain and functional disability in patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Among 43 man patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome, twenty two men were selected and randomly divided into two groups: experimental group 1 (n=11) and experimental group 2 (n=11) respectively. Group 1 participated in strengthing core stability exercises, while group 2 underwent quadriceps strengthening in the same period. Before and after training, pain and performance assessed using a pain scale and a function questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test.
Findings: Both groups showed significant differences between pre and post-intervention conditions regarding the VAS, and WOMAC values (PDisussion & After exercise, groups showed a reduction in pain and improvement in performance. Core stability trainings can increase pelvise stability and prevent frmur adduction and internal rotation. So the results show that exercise was more effective in group 1 than group 2, so it is recommended to exercise therapists in the treatment of patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrome in addition to strengthening the quadriceps muscles use the core stability trainings.

Fatigue is one of the most important factors affecting the balance in athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of functional fatigue on static and dynamic balance on female futsal players.

In this semi experimental study, 22 female futsal students with the mean and standard deviation of age 20 ± 1.8 (y), weight 54 ± 2.40 (kg), and height 161.5 ± 5.73 (cm) were selected as the study samples using convenient sampling technique. Functional futsal fatigue was maked with Bangsbo modified semi futsal fatigue protocol. Static and dynamic balance were measured with foot scan set and fatigue with Borg scale before and immediately after of doing protocol. Data was analyzed with dependent T test and significance level of (P=0/05).

Fatigue rate (P=0/000 & ES=1/54),static balance fluctuation rate of pressure center in axes of anterior- posterior (P=0/007 & ES=0/59) and lateral- medial (P=0/014 & ES=0/68) and dynamic balance fluctuation rate of pressure center in axes of anterior- posterior (P=0/000 & ES=0/042) and lateral- medial (P=0/047 & ES= 0/016) were significantly different from pretest.

The results of present research showed functional fatigue increases the fluctuation of pressure center and consequently reduce the balance. This means that at the end of the futsal game, the chance is more likely to be injured.

Decreased postural balance and control in the elderly cause unpleasant complications such as falling and hip fracture. Given the importance of balance and strength in the elderly's health, the aim of study was the effect of 8 weeks of selected exercises on strength of the hip abductor muscles and balance in the healthy elderly women. In this semi-experimental study, 50 elderly women (mean age 59.04±2.1 yr, weight 60.93±6.5 kg and height 152.45±2.28 cm) participated voluntarily. Static and dynamic balance and strength of the hip abductor musculature of participants were measured by tests of one leg standing time (OLST) (static balance), timed get up and go (TUG) (dynamic balance) and digital dynamometer device (strength of the hip abductor muscles) before and after 8 weeks of selected exercises. The descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of data and independent and dependent t test were applied to determine the difference between pretest and posttest scores of inter-groups and intra-groups at P≤0.05. Results showed that 8 weeks of selected exercises increased strength of the hip abductor muscles and improved static and dynamic balance of the elderly women. These findings emphasized the role of selected therapeutic exercises in improving static and dynamic balance of the elderly and also the existence of a relationship between strength of hip abductor muscles and static and dynamic balance of healthy elderly women.

Diabetes is associated with disorders in different body organs and its consequences are considerable. Pilates is a beneficial way to manage this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of selected Pilates exercises on muscle strength, balance and HbA1c in patients with diabetes type 2. 30 diabetic female patients (age range: 30-45) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group performed 8 weeks of Pilates exercises. Strength was measured by dynamometer set, static and dynamic balance by OSLR and TUG tests and HbA1c by HbA1c test before and after 8 weeks. For data analysis, covariance analysis test was used. The findings showed that muscle strength, static balance and HbA1c significantly improved in experimental group after 8 weeks but no significant changes were observed in control group (P≤0.05). Also, the findings showed no significant changes in dynamic balance in both groups (P≤0.05). This study showed that the Pilates exercises can be used as a beneficial complementary treatment method for these patients.

The decrease in range of motion of joints and balance is one of the main reasons why the elderly fall off from time to time, which brings about its own consequences such as physical harm. this study aims to investigate the effect of a period of selected Pilate’s exercises on range of motion and balance among elderly women.In the present quasi-experimental study 23 healthy elderly women were selected from the volunteer elderly women in Isfahan through target sampling and availability and divided randomly into two groups; one experimental group and one control group.The experimental group received the treatment, but the control group received no treatment. Range of motion of joints and Static and dynamic balances. All of the above variables were measured both before and after the treatment (Pilate’s exercises). The data were analyzed through Analysis of Covariance at the significance level of P≤0.05.The results showed that there was a significant improvement on the scores obtained from the tests measuring range of motion (thigh, ankle), and static and dynamic balances of the experimental group after 8 weeks of receiving exercises (P≤0.05), whereas no such significant improvement was observed in the control group. Considering the results of the current study, it seems that the selected Pilate’s exercises have a significant effect on improving range of motion and balance among elderly women and therefore could be considered as an effective intervention.

In recent years the role of the pelvic muscles and back muscles as part of the central region in the pathology and treatment of sports injuries of the lower extremities has been noted. Deformity of the jenu varum is considered one of the most common footballer injuries. Since the most common elements abductor and adductor thigh muscles are involved in this problem، therefore، the purpose of this study was to compare the enduranceof core stability muscles between male football players with and without jenu varum abnormality. In this study، trunk flexor and Extensor and lateral flexor strength of the 50 male football players involve 25 with jenu varum (age 22 ± 1. 4 yr، height 176. 4±4. 3 cm، weight 72. 7±4. 1 kg) and 25 males without the jenu varum (age 23 ± 1. 7 yr، height 175. 5±3. 9 cm، weight 74. 6±3. 2 kg) were measured. To measure the muscle in both groups endurance by Digital Stopwatch، by McGill and Biering-Sorensen tests was used. Trunk flexor، extensor، and lateral flexor strength in football players with jenu varum abnormalities compared with non-infected footballers would be significantly less (P<0. 05). The results of this research indicate that it is probably a major factor in reducing the core stabilization muscles strength the risk of being infected with knee jenu varum footballers. This should be confirmed in future comparative studies. Increased strength of these muscles is likely to reduce the risk of knee jenu varum.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament(ACL)rapture is one of the most common injuries in soccer players, so the purpose of this study was to identify the effect of some intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors on the incidence of ACL injuries in professional soccer players. For this study 100professional soccer players(Mean± SD:age:25.05±4.1y,height:1.81±0.06m) who had ACL injury considered as research sample from several countries of the world. The informations about intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors, gathered from studing the medical files, interviewing with the team physicians and authoritative internet databases. The chi squares (χ2)(P<0.05) test was used to analyze the data. The result showed that incidence of ACL injury between several positions was significantly different (P<0.05), as midfielders had the higher number of injury (38%)and goalkeepers(6%)had the lowest. The incidence of injury in dominance leg(52%)was more than non-dominance leg(48%), but this differences was not significant(P>0.05). The players with 1.79-1.83meter height had the most number of injuries(26%)and players with 1.69-1.73meter height had the least (13%), no significant differences were find between the 5 groups of height(P>0.05). The injuries that occurred during the away games(50.6%) were not significantly(P>0.05) more than home games(49.4%). The ACL injury in initial of season(34%)was significantly more than other times (P<0.05). In relation to age the significant difference was found between the different age groups (P<0.05), so players with 22-27 years (50%) had more injuries and players with 34-39 years(2%)had the least. The injuries during the game(85%)was significantly more than training(P<0.05)(15%). Midfielder players with 22-27 years in initial of season especially during the game are more prone to ACL injury. So coach, players and medical staff should pay attentive to these important point to design preventive program to minimize ACL injuries.

Chronic neck pain is one of the common problems among computer users. The aim of this research was to compare and evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of a selected exercise therapy program and a self-treatment program based on a given pamphlet on neck pain, strength and range of motion of the neck in computer users. In this quasi-experimental study, sixty-six patients with chronic neck pain (age 39.19 ± 3.1 years, height 172.39 ± 4.6 cm and weight 71.68 ± 5.6)who at least had asix-month history of neck pain, were recruited based on a Personal Information Questionnaire distributed among computer users working in banks of Isfahan. The subjects were divided in three groups. The first group carried out therapeutic exercises with the supervision of a trainer, while the second group received a pamphlet and the third group had no intervention. Neck Pain and Disability Scale, dynamometer (power track commander II) and a goniometry device were respectively used to measure neck pain, disability, strength and range of motion in subjects after 8 weeks of intervention. One-way NOVA was applied in order to analysis of data (P)

Children with cerebral palsy have various movement and balance disorders. The lopsided anatomy of spastic cerebral palsy children, disrupt the balance function. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of core stability exercises on control of the static and dynamic posture in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Participants were eight children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy selected by the simple, convenient method. Static balance was measured by force plate in the open eyes condition, dynamic balance by Y Balance Test (YBS) and the severity of cerebral palsy by Gross Motor Function Classification System) GMFCS(. Cerebral palsy children carried out core stability exercises progressively 3 times a week for 8 weeks, each session lasting 45 minutes. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis of the data to compare pre and post-test scores in the subjects. The significance level was set at p≤0/05. There was no significant difference in the excursion of center of pressure in anterior - posterior (p=0.124) and medial-lateral (p=0.202) directions before and after exercise in children with cerebral palsy however, a significant increase in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral path length and total velocity was found (p =0.000). Comparison of the average dynamic balance score revealed significant increase after the intervention on both right and left legs in the anterior (p=0.015 and 0.183, respectively), posterior-lateral (p=0.005 and 0.004, respectively) and posterior-medial directions (P= 0.048 and 0.050, respectively) except for left foot in the anterior direction. Core stability exercises can improve dynamic balance in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy while seems to have no considerable effect on static balance improvement of these children.

Exercise and physical activity have the potential of improving the health status and quality of life of addicted people. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of an 8-week exercise therapy program with that of physioball on the correction of thoracic kyphosis، increasing balance (static and dynamic) and improving the quality of life of addicted men after withdrawing drugs.

30 men with kyphosis، who aged 20 to 40 years، were selected through convenient sampling method and then randomly divided into experimental and control groups. All subjects completed their addiction treatment two months prior to the initiation of the study. Kyphosis degree، dynamic balance، static balance and quality of life were respectively measured by flexible ruler، Star excursion balance test (STEB)، Romberg test and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Short Form (SF-36). Having signed a formal contest، subjects received their special training under supervision of a corrective and therapeutic exercise expert three sessions a week over 8 weeks. Each session lasted 30 to 90 min. Repeated measure ANOVA was used for statistical analysis with P ≤ 0. 05.

The changes and interactions of all three variables of balance and quality of life were significant in the exercise group upon comparing pre- and post-test results (P < 0. 05). This meant that applied exercise had brought about a positive effect. Between-group differences were not significant in any of variables (P > 0. 05).

According to the results of this study، the physioball program is competent in improving thoracic kyphosis abnormality and increasing balance and the quality of life of the addicted and it can be used as an effective and suitable complementary method for rehabilitating addicted people in addiction treatment centers.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders that results in anterior knee pain and vastus medialis obliqqus (VMO) weakness. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of Sweden massage (SM) and strength-stretch exercise (SSE) on PFPS. Thirty-Six male volunteers with PFPS were randomly assigned into three groups: SM group, SSE group, and control. The two experimental groups accomplished their own specific treatment protocols for 8 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and 6-minute walking test were used before and after interventions to determine the effects of treatment protocols. Both experimental groups showed an improvement in the functional activity and pain reduction; however the SM group had higher significant improvement (P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the walking distance covered by the subjects of the two aforementioned experimental groups was significantly (P < 0.001) higher following therapeutic interventions, although there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between them. It can be concluded that SM and SSE may have similar effects on PFPS; however SM method alleviates pain more efficiently.