s rezaei

Low-intensity laser prepulse (<10^13 W cm^−2, nanosecond duration and <10^17 W cm^−2, picosecond duration) significantly impact experiments on laser-induced proton generation, often constraining the performance of proton sources from high-intensity lasers. Depending on the intensity regime and target thickness, various effects can result from the prepulse. This study focuses on hydrodynamic simulations using a fluid code to replicate real-world conditions, specifically targeting the prepulse parameters of the ATLAS laser facility (including a 20-picosecond duration) across different target thicknesses (1-0.12 μm). The simulations extract target parameters at the end of the prepulse phase. For these specific prepulse conditions, the results indicate that a target thickness of 0.25 μm optimizes the interaction with the main laser pulse. Thinner targets exhibit altered density profiles on the rear surface, thereby reducing acceleration efficiency.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of circuit resistance training and synbiotic on arterial stiffness and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.

In this semi-experimental study, 43 women with type 2 diabetes participated voluntarily and were randomly divided into three groups of resistance training and placebo (15 people), resistance training and synbiotic supplement (15 people) and synbiotic supplement biotic (13 people). The resistance training program consisted of 10 min of warm-up, resistance training with an intensity of 40–65% 1RM and 10 min of cooling down, which the resistance and placebo and resistance and synbiotic groups were set for 12 w with three sessions per week. Participants in the supplement group had 1 h after a meal (lunch) and a daily dose of one capsule with 1 × 109 CFU. The T-test and repeated analysis of variance test were used to assess inter-group and intra-group differences, respectively.

Results showed that the ABI increased significantly in the groups of resistance training and placebo and resistance training and synbiotic supplement. CAVI, serum low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, body mass index and body fat percentage in groups of resistance training and placebo and resistance training and synbiotic supplement and fasting glucose level, insulin resistance index and blood cholesterol significantly decreased in the group of resistance training and synbiotic supplement. In addition, serum high-density lipoproteins increased in all the three groups.

It seems that the simultaneous use of synbiotics and resistance training includes protective effects on complications in women with type 2 diabetes.

In this study, we demonstrate the injection stage of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process to fabricate a small bend-type component. This non-standard but critical engine part is made of a feedstock from the low alloy steel 4605. To optimize various injection parameters, the five-variable Box-Behnken Design (BBD) is used with the assumption of a quadratic model, together with the statistical method of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Samples are then fabricated, and their densities are measured. Hence, the significance of these factors as well as the mutual coupling between each two parameters are investigated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, this paper reveals that injection temperature of 155 ◦C, the injection speed of 80 mm/s, holding pressure of 83 bar, holding time of 9 s and the injection pressure of 132 bar led to an optimum density of the green part, which becomes 4.892 g/cm3. Then, a new sample is produced using these optimized settings, and the green component density is measured, which is extremely near to the predicted value. After sintering, the optimized sample’s density and hardness are compared to the MIM-4605 standard criteria.

Following the need for joint optimization of decisions in supply chains, this paper newly provides an integrated framework to efficiently fulfill a production-planning-routing problem (PPRP). In such integrated scheme, a set of perishable family-products are manufactured on a single batch-processing machine. These products are dispatched to the customers by a third-party logistics service provider with only two types of licensed eco-friendly transportation facilities. In order to efficiently deliver the manufactured products before they become unusable, we propose a combined shipment structure. To accomplish this, we formulate the problem in the context of a MILP model. In particular, we aim to establish two manufacturing policies based on both increasing and decreasing rates of production and also two delivery policies expressing distinct preferences in fulfilling the customers’ demands. In this regards, we investigate the cost structures obtained from the established integrated planning and the resulting distribution configurations as well. Further, four heuristic algorithms are developed for solving the problem with respect to each hybrid production/distribution scheme derived from the former policies. Finally, to compare the mentioned procedures, it is conducted a numerical study illustrating the preferable efficiency of the plan gained according to the hybrid of the increasing-production-rate and decreasing-delivery-distance policies.

The common mechanism of proton laser acceleration is Target Normal Sheath acceleration. This study investigates the geometry of the aluminum target used in high-intensity laser pulse interaction with plasma. The target with an exponential profile on the front and back sides and with different scale lengths from 0 to 0.85 μm is used as an input to the two-dimensional particle simulation code. The results of their proton energy distribution have been compared. It was found that proton energy decreased with smooth changes behind the target. This is due to the reduction in the electrostatic field amplitude behind the target. In addition, there is a threshold scale length (here 67/0 μm), after which the proton energy does not change with the increase of this quantity and the energy distribution of the proton beam almost overlaps. The transverse laser field emission and the same electron energy distribution were also observed for two targets with zero and 0.67 μm scale lengths.

Hospital wastes contain a wide range of microorganisms and require special management due to their dangerous properties, and their improper disposal is considered a serious threat to the environment and public health. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and influence the educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on the behaviors of employees in the waste management of Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran.

The present interval study was conducted in 2018 on all healthcare personnel (170 people) and service workers (32 people) of Hafez hospital of Shiraz, Iran. The statistical population of the present study was completed by enumeration. The measurement tool in the present study was a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior and knowledge assessment which its validity and reliability were estimated and used by experts. Other tools included a waste management evaluation checklist which included management infrastructure, separation, collection, transportation, temporary storage, disposal, and weighing form of hospital wastes. The present study was conducted in two stages before and after the educational intervention. In the first stage, before the educational intervention, information was collected through questionnaires, a waste management evaluation checklist, and waste weighing continuously for a week. Then the educational content was designed. Two months after the educational intervention, in the second stage, the health care and service workers completed the questionnaires once more. Moreover, the checklist was completed and the waste was weighed over again. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and parametric (paired t-test) and non-parametric (Wilcoxon) tests.

The findings indicated a significant difference in the mean score of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention among both group health care workers and service workers after the intervention (P<0.001). After educational interventions, a significant difference in normal waste per capita was found (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in infectious waste, sharp waste, and pharmaceutical chemical waste per capita(P≥0.005). There was a significant difference in waste management in terms of separation, collection, transportation, and disposal (P<0.001). The infrastructure management and temporary maintenance were the same before and after the educational intervention.

The findings of the present study indicated that educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior are effective in raising the awareness of health care and service workers and improving hospital waste management. Furthermore, the use of educational strategies and appropriate educational content can increase the quality of educational interventions.

Living with a child with intellectual disability is very challenging for parents, especially mothers as the main caregivers. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on parent-child interaction and rumination of mothers with children with intellectual disabilities.

The current study was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with children with intellectual disabilities who referred to Exceptional schools in Rasht city in the academic year of 2018-2019. Among these, a sample of 30 people was selected by the available method, taking into account the entry and exit criteria, then they were randomly assigned to two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups, and completed the parent-child interaction questionnaires of Pianta (1994) and rumination questionnaires of Nolen- Hoeksema (1991). The intervention program was based on 8 sessions of 90 minutes of emotion regulation training based on Gross's (2002) emotion regulation model, which was implemented by the researcher for mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. The obtained data were processed using Univariate and Multivariate covariance analysis.

Emotion regulation training was significantly effective on increasing parent-child interaction and closeness component and reducing conflict and dependence components of mothers with children with intellectual disabilities (P<0.05). Also, this training was effective in reducing the rumination of the mothers of these children (P<0.01).

These results have important direct and implicit clinical applications in the field of increasing parent-child interaction and reducing rumination in mothers with intellectual disabilities children through emotion regulation training.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of corrective exercises on anterior pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis and movement patterns of women with lower cross syndrome.30 middle-aged women (20-30 years old) suffering Lower Cross Syndrome were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of exercises (15 subjects) and control (15 subjects). First, the exercises and tests of the present study were explained to the subjects. Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Nine Test, Palpation Meter (PALM) and flexible ruler respectively to check movement patterns, Pelvic Inclination and women's lumbar lordosis were used. The subjects of the training group performed corrective exercises for eight weeks, the control group also did their daily activities, and the exercises were performed under the supervision of a corrective movements specialist. After the completion of the course, all the subjects were re-evaluated in all research variables as in the pre-test. All subjects who participated in this study had a special card for prescribing Corona vaccine. To check the difference between groups and within groups, Covariance and paired t-tests were used via SPSS26 software. The significance level in the present study is less than 0.05.The results of the present study show the effect of the corrective exercise program on reducing pelvic tilt (p≤0.001, Pre-test mean: 15.46 ± 1.50, post-test mean: 7.86 ± 1.59), lumbar lordosis (p≤0.001, Pre-test mean: 56.40 ± 4.79, post-test mean: 42.33 ± 1.49), FMS screening test (p≤0.001, Pre-test mean: 13.06 ± 1.53, post-test mean: 18.20 ± 1.26), and Nine test (p≤0.001, Pre-test mean: 17.07 ± 1.97, post-test mean: 22.26 ± 2.43).In general, the results of the present study show the effect of selected corrective exercises on reducing the pelvic tilt angle and lumbar lordosis and improving the results of functional screening tests in women with the lower cross syndrome. Based on this, it is recommended to use tensile-resistance corrective training program to reduce the amount of pelvic tilt angle and lordosis and generally prevent back pain in the future.

Urinary reflux is the most common urological abnormality in children. About half of the children with urinary infection have urinary reflux at the same time. Considering the importance of urinary reflux in children and contradictory results reported regarding the relationship between different grades of vesicoureteral reflux and recurrent urinary tract infection, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing recurrent urinary tract infection in children with different grades of vesicoureteral reflux.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 children with pyelonephritis and vesicoureteral reflux who refered to Amirkola Children's Hospital in 2011-2019. Reflux grades were determined by voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) or direct radionuclide cystography (DRNC). Children were followed up for 2 years and in case of clinical symptoms with positive urine culture, they were considered as recurrent urinary tract infection.

Of the 150 children studied, 126 (84%) were girls and 24 (16%) were boys with a mean age of 27.17±11.53 months. 95 people (63.3%) had once, 37 people (24.7%) twice, 8 people (5.3%) three times, and 10 people (6.7%) four times experience of recurrent urinary tract infection. The odds ratio of recurrent urinary tract infection was more than two times higher in children with grade 3 and 4 reflux involvement than in children with grade 1 and 2 reflux (OR=3.20, 95% CI=1.05-9.75, p=0.041). However, there was no significant difference in recurrent urinary tract infection in children based on age at diagnosis, gender, and whether the reflux was unilateral or bilateral.

The results of the study showed that children with moderate and severe involvement of vesicoureteral reflux experience higher recurrent urinary tract infection compared to mild involvement.

Air pollution is one of the most important health risk factors in the world and one of the major causes of death and disability in the world. According to the report of the World Health Organization in 2012, about 3.7 million people in the world die due to air pollution. The purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the health effects of air pollution in Yasuj city in 2015 using the AirQ+ model.

In the present descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2019, the hourly concentrations of particulate pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns, ozone and nitrogen dioxide in the monitoring station of Yasuj, Iran, from the environmental organization and related pressure and temperature information was obtained from the meteorological organization of the province in 2015. Validation of air quality data was done according to APHEKOM and WHO methodology, and the average specific to each pollutant was calculated and the final data file was entered into the model after processing. Finally, the city-specific annual population, the population at risk and the base incidence for each health outcome were prepared and entered into the model. At the end, the results were displayed in the form of mortality tables by the model. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorov Smirnov, Post hoc and Kruskal Wallis statistical tests.

The average concentration of pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns, nitrogen dioxide and ozone were 21.68±13.91, 25.41±26.88, 25.41±6.92 and 25.69±6.92 micrograms/square meter, respectively. It was micrograms per square meter. The value of SOM weight 5 was also 17.83. Regarding the long-term effects in 2015, the attributed component and the number of attributed cases of natural deaths caused by nitrogen dioxide from pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns were less, which accounted for 6.01 and 6.79% of deaths, respectively. The total number of deaths caused by pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns and nitrogen dioxide were 23 and 20, respectively. Ozone had no effect on respiratory mortality (zero cases). In the case of natural mortality, the highest and lowest attributed components were observed in pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns and ozone, respectively.

Contrary to the insignificant effect of ozone pollutant and the non-attribution of deaths to this pollutant, for other pollutants such as pollutants with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns and nitrogen dioxide, effects on the number of deaths were observed, and these effects may impose direct and indirect costs on the city.

The equalizing wake flow into the propeller behind the ship is important from the hydrodynamic performance viewpoint. In this study, numerical simulations of the DTMB4119 propeller with two symmetric and asymmetric duct types behind the KRISO container ship (KCS) are performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In order to improve the wake equaling flow, a combined duct and stators configurations were installed before the propeller in the stern of the ship and its hydrodynamic performance was studied using CFD. A duct with the NACA4415 section and two types of stator configurations are selected. The STAR-CCM+ software that uses the finite volume discretization method was used to solve the governing equations of the fluid flow. In simulating the turbulence model, the standard k-ω model was used and the solution method was validated by comparing the available experimental data. Output parameters such as thrust coefficient and torque coefficient in the open-water condition and behind the ship have been presented and discussed. Improvements in the propeller performance after mounting the asymmetric and symmetric ducts are found at 4.8% and 6.57%, respectively. So, it is concluded that the symmetric duct is more affected by the propeller performance and, hence, reduced fuel consumption considerably.

One of the important reflections of contemporary urbanization is the emergence and expansion of vulnerable neighborhoods or informal settlements in suburban areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effective factors in the regeneration of city settlements in Zahedan city.
This applied-exploratory research was carried out in 2022-2023 in Zahedan city. The data was collected using the environmental scanning technique and literature review. The statistical population was the employees and managers of related institutions, who were selected by purposive sampling (n=50). The analysis of expert opinions was used through a sample t-test. AHP and BSC models were used to analyze the effective factors in the urban regeneration of informal settlements.
 The indicators affecting the regeneration of informal settlements were socio-cultural and demographic, economic, environmental-physical, and managerial-institutional. The socio-cultural and demographic (62.03%), economic (50.74%), environmental-physical (54.23%), and managerial-institutional (48.20%) indicators were in inappropriate, medium, medium, and weak conditions, respectively.
 Among the affecting indicators in the regeneration of informal settlements in Zahedan, the managerial-institutional needs more attention, which will definitely have a significant impact on the status of other sociocultural and demographic, economic, and environmental-physical indicators.

Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism is one of the most common proton acceleration mechanisms in the experimental setup. In this work, the effect of field ionization on the proton acceleration performance in result of the interaction of high intensity laser pulses with different pulse lengths was studied using two-dimensional particle in cell (PIC) simulations. For this purpose, two solid (neutral) targets as well as fully ionized plasma target, made of aluminum layer with thickness of 0.5 μm, and paired with a thin layer of hydrogen with thickness of 50 nm are considered.  Simulation results showed that considering the constant pulse energy and a medium laser intensity (here a0 =10 for pulse width of 25 femtoseconds) the use of solid structure leads to an increase in the maximum energy of the protons by about 36%. In addition, the difference in proton cut-off energy between the solid target and the ideal plasma one decreases with increasing the laser pulse width.

 Given the energy crisis in the world, increasing environmental pollution, clean, renewable energy and the reduction of environmental pollution are needed. Soil is the main source of agricultural production. Therefore, maintaining soil health and fertility is very important for sustainable food production. Nanotechnology is a good way to reduce soil issues in agriculture, a promising method to improve soil properties and significant capacity to increase yield. Nanotechnology is one of the newest technologies that is used in all fields of science and research due to its high potential and unique features, including natural resources and soil protection. Nanoparticles have the ability to change some physical, mechanical and chemical properties of soil due to their very high specific surface area and activity. Nanoparticles increase the cation exchange capacity of soil and soil porosity. Among all nanoparticles, zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most widely used nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles due to their high specific surface area can act as a bonding agent between particles and stabilize the soil structure by flocculating soil particles. Although many studies have used zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) in the field of heavy metal contamination in soil, aqueous solutions and plants, the effect of one nanoparticle on soils with different textures has been less reported. Therefore, objective of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on some physical and chemical properties of soils with different textures.
 In this study, three soil samples with different textures, including sandy loam, loam and clay were collected from three locations as Malayer, Abbasabad and Nahavand, in Hamedan province, respectively. Samples were taken from soil surface (0-20 cm depth). The soil samples were transferred to the Soil Physics Laboratory. After  air drying, they were passed through a 4 mm sieve and mixed with specific weight percentages of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (zero, 0.5, 1 and 3 % W/W) in three replications. After preparing the treated samples, the soils were homogeneously poured into plastic containers measuring 18 × 5.5 × 18 cm with a specific bulk density related to the field. The treated soils in plastic containers, were wetted and dried with municipal water for 120 consecutive incubation period. After 120 days from the start of incubation, the samples were taken from the containers. Some physical and chemical properties including pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, calcium carbonate and electrical conductivity were measured.
 The results showed that the use of nanoparticles increased the cation exchange capacity in two textures of loamy and clay soils. The increment was significant compared to the control in loamy soil at two levels of 1 and 3% and in clay soil in all three levels of 0.5, 1 and 3%. Electrical conductivity increased and decreased (P <0.05) at 3% level for loamy soil and at 3% for sandy loam and clay soils, respectively. In contrast, the application of nanoparticles led to a decrease in pH and organic matter content (P <0.05) in sandy loam and clay soils, respectively. At the level of zero and 0.5%, the order of pH was: sandy loam> clay> loamy soil, with significant differences. But at the level of 1%, the order of pH was: sandy loamy> loamy> clay, with significant differences. At 3% level, the order of pH was: loamy> sandy loam> clay, with significant differences. At all levels of zero, 0.5, 1 and 3% of zinc oxide nanoparticles, the amount of organic matter was significantly in loamy> clay> sandy loam. Application of different levels of zinc oxide nanoparticles in clay soil reduced the percentage of calcium carbonate (P <0.05) (at the 3% by weight level), but had no effect on the amount of this variable in sandy loam and loamy soils. At all levels of zero, 0.5, 1 and 3%, the amount of soil calcium carbonate was significantly in the following order: clay> sandy loam> loam.
 According to the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the use of nanoparticles can be a good solution to reduce the harmful environmental effects of chemical fertilizers. In addition to the positive effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on physical and chemical parameters in different textures, the selection of the most optimal level of zinc oxide nanoparticles should be economically applicable. This requires further studies to determine the significant effects of nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of the soils in different conditions to determine the optimal amount of nanoparticles, in order to save costs.

Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection in animals. The disease is mainly respiratory, but other disease manifestations also occur in poultry. Researchers have shown that, one of the reasons for the increase in drug resistance in Aspergillus species is the overexpression of the CYP51A gene. This study compared CYP51A gene expression of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from poultry against fluconazole and nano-fluconazole. Fluconazole liposomal-nanoparticles were prepared by the thin layer hydration method. We dissolved 5.12 mg of fluconazole powder in 1 ml of sterile distilled water and 6 ml of chloroform-methanol organic solvent. We added 51 mg of lecithin and 5 mg of cholesterol to it. The size of nanoparticles was 88.9±12.1 nm and the surface charge of these nanoparticles was -20.12±1.88 mv. We also used a Scanning-Electron Microscope to study the structure of nanoparticles. Thirty samples of A. fumigatus were collected from poultry lung nodules. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed by standard Broth Microdilution method according to NCCLS-M38A2 to evaluate the MIC of fluconazole and nano-fluconazole against isolates. We selected two high-resistance isolates to fluconazole and used them to determine the CYP51A gene expression level by real-time PCR. The results showed that nano-fluconazole had a lower MIC than fluconazole and in lower concentrations of the drug inhibited the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates. CYP51A gene expression was increased in fluconazole and nano-fluconazole-treated isolates compared to the untreated state. Conversely, a decrease in CYP51A gene expression was observed in the exposure to nano-drug compared with the normal drug.

Single point incremental sheet forming is a die-less forming technology in which the sheet metal is formed progressively by the movement of a tool in the specified path. In this paper, the single point incremental forming of the AA3105-St12 two-layer sheet is studied through numerical and experimental approaches. Numerical simulation of the process is done based on the finite element method. The validity of the numerical model is evaluated via a comparison between the obtained numerical and experimental results. The force applied to the forming tool, the thickness distribution of formed sheets, and the maximum thinning that occurred in aluminum and steel layers were studied. The effects of the parameters of the two-layer sheet including total thickness, thickness ratio of layers, and arrangement of layers were investigated as well. The results showed that regardless of the contact of the steel or aluminum layer with the tool, increasing the ratio of the thickness of the steel layer to the thickness of the aluminum layer reduces the thinning in the aluminum layer and increases it in the steel layer. Hence, thinning becomes more severe in each layer when it is in contact with the forming tool.

Nursing is a holistic practice, and patient care is an essential component of this practice. The main task of nurses is to interact with patients, which leads nursing to an integral part of health care. Nurses play a key role in determining the quality of hospital services. The concept of quality nursing care refers to the patientchr('39')s access to physical, communicative, psychological, and social needs, which affect patient satisfaction and wellbeing, as well as the better performance of healthcare organizations. Excessive work shifts, personal conflicts, facing death, lack of psychological support, conflict with physicians, and ambiguity regarding authority are among the influential factors in the quality of nursing care. Nurses communicate with the patient in a fully personal environment, which may not always bring about positive outcomes. The long-term exposure of nurses to workplace stressors could adversely affect their mental and physical health and lead to burnout, which deteriorates the quality of patient care. The most comprehensive definition of burnout has been proposed by Maslach and Jackson, who consider this syndrome to consist of three dimensions, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. The most prominent symptom of this syndrome is emotional exhaustion when the individual feels pressured, and their emotional resources are depleted. Compared to other occupations, nurses are prone to severe burnout due to direct patient care. The main consequences of burnout include chronic fatigue, insomnia, negative attitudes toward self and clients, absence from the workplace, and job dissatisfaction. The negative consequences of burnout affect patient satisfaction as they reduce the quality of nursing care. Considering the sensitivity of the nursing profession and the debilitative effects of burnout on the efficiency and mental health of nurses, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation between the quality of nursing care and burnout of nurses in the teaching hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 125 nurses working in the teaching hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in Sari, Iran during June-August 2020. The sample size included 125 nurses who were selected via random sampling from four teaching hospitals in Sari. The inclusion criteria of the study were willingness to participate, having at least a bachelorchr('39')s degree in nursing, and at least two years of work experience in the nursing profession. The exclusion criterion was incomplete questionnaires. After selecting the participants and obtaining their written informed consent, the objectives of the research were explained to the subjects, they were assured of confidentiality terms regarding their personal information and instructed on completing the questionnaires. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire (age, gender, marital status, education level, type of employment, shift work, work experience, level of interest in nursing), Maslach burnout inventory, and quality of patient care scale. Sampling was performed after the approval of the study protocol and receiving the ethics license from the Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution tables, mean, and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Mann-Whitney test, t-test, Spearmanchr('39')s correlation-coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis test). In all the statistical analyses, the P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. 

In total, we enrolled 125 nurses with the mean age of 35.02 ± 6.82 years selected from four teaching hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Zare Hospital: 18.4%, Imam Khomeini Hospital: 28%, Fateme Zahra: 26.4%, Buali Sina Hospital: 27.2%). Approximately 78% of the participants were female. The majority of the nurses (36%) were formally employed and had rotating work shifts (88%). In addition, most of the nurses had a BSc degree (90.4%). In this study, the mean quality of nursing care was estimated at 200.15 ± 26.01. The mean scores of nursing care quality in the psychosocial, relational, and physical dimensions were 84.29 ± 10.40, 40.23 ± 6.09, and 75.62 ± 15.32, respectively. The mean scores of burnout frequency in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization were 21.44 ± 9.89, 17.18 ± 7.92, and 7.84 ± 7.35, respectively. The mean scores of the same dimensions in terms of the intensity of burnout were estimated at 25.19 ± 10.93, 31.26 ± 8.35, and 8.79 ± 7.78, respectively. The quality of nursing care with the subscales of burnout frequency, including emotional exhaustion (r=-0.369; P<0.001) and depersonalization (r=-0.471; P<0.001), had reverse and significant correlations. In addition, the quality of nursing care was directly correlated with personal accomplishment (r=0.226; P=0.011), which was very weak. The quality of nursing care with the subscales of the intensity of burnout, including emotional exhaustion (r=-0.362; P<0.001), personal accomplishment (r=0.289; P=0.001), and depersonalization (r=-0.501; P<0.001), also had significant correlations, which were very weak as well. In other words, reduced frequency or intensity of burnout was associated with the higher quality of nursing care. Our findings indicated a strong and direct correlation between the frequency and intensity of burnout (r=0.952; P<0.001). However, none of the demographic variables had significant effects on the quality of care and burnout of the nurses.

Undoubtedly, the provision of quality care to hospitalized patients will increase their satisfaction with hospitals. Given that nurses have the most interaction and contact with patients compared to other healthcare providers, they play a key role in achieving this goal. Our findings indicated a reverse correlation between burnout and the quality of nursing care. Therefore, special attention must be paid to this issue by healthcare authorities. It is hoped that by performing appropriate psychological interventions to manage the stressors of the work environment and decrease the burnout of nurses, a step will be taken toward increasing the quality of nursing care. One of the limitations of the present study was that the sample population only included the nurses working in teaching hospitals, and the nurses working in other hospitals (e.g., private hospitals) were not taken into account. Therefore, it is suggested that further investigations in this regard address this limitation.

Laser produced plasma can be used as the sources of soft X-ray laser. The ability to control the laser quality and its gain coefficient by controlling laser and plasma’s parameters is one of the advantages of this method. In this study, a pump pulse assistant along with a pre-pulse is irradiated on a geranium target as the plasma active medium, thenthe gain of soft X-ray laser at wavelength 19.6 nm is calculated. In order to analyze the effect of laser parameters such as intensity, pulse length, and time delay between two pulses, MED103 hydrodynamic code has been used. The simulation results show that there is optimal pulse duration for the pre-pulse as well as the main pump pulse to achieve the maximum gain of soft X-ray laser. In addition, according to the results, by increasing the pre-pulse intensity the amount of soft X-ray laser gain initially increases and then decreases, while by enhancing the main pulse intensity, it keeps increasing. Also, the optimal spatiotemporal regions of the soft X-ray laser gain for different time delays of two pulses are given.

The quantum formulation of a physical system is essentially based on the associated creation and annihilation operators. In this article, we introduce these ladder operators for a movement particle on the circle and 2-dimensional sphere by Berezin’s quantization .This approach is derived from the resolution of the unity condition in coherent states. In other words, the coherent states provide a straight forward quantization scheme from a classical state to corresponding quantum state. In this article, we study the coherent states of these systems from heat kernel function point of view.

Liquid fuels usually have low electrical conductivity leads to accumulating in static electricity during transmission, mixing and spraying processes. This charge accumulation will spark and fire if it exceeds the air ionization energy. Therefore, one of the important parameters in fuels safety is their potential for static charge accumulation. In this manuscript, materials are classified into static electricity and the mode of generation, accumulation, discharge and distribution of electric charge in liquid fuels will be investigated. Then, solutions for static electricity control in low conductivity high energetic liquids presented. Finally, common methods of measuring the static electricity presented.

On 12 November 2017, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 on the Richter scale occurred in Kermanshah Province. Explaining the challenges and needs of the victims in such circumstances can be an important source of information for future planning and better management of such conditions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explain the challenges and needs of the earthquake victims.

This study was a qualitative study. Twenty-nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers, policymakers, and health and emergency relief providers in earthquake areas, and 10 focused group discussions were held with earthquake victims from December to February 2016. The data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

The needs and challenges in Kermanshah earthquake were classified into three periods after the earthquake: 1. Challenges and needs in the first few days with three sub-categories including management, rescue services, and urgent care, 2- Challenges and needs in the first few weeks  after the earthquake with three sub-categories including housing and emergency assistance, public health services, and access to health care; and 3. Needs and challenges in several months after the earthquake with four sub-categories including economic, social, infrastructural and health service needs.

Lack of unity of command was the main challenge in this earthquake. Another point was the health needs of victim earthquakes over time. Therefore, dispatching of aid forces to the affected areas during natural disasters should be based on planning and needs.

Microwave drying compared to conventional hot air drying has many benefits to apply in food drying processes such as volumetric heating, high thermal efficiency, shorter drying time and improved product quality. In conventional microwave drying method, a fixed microwave power was used during the drying process. However, the water of the product evaporated and mass of product decreased over the time that resulted in microwave power density (MPD) increasing during the drying process. Increasing the power density, especially at the end of the process, sharply increased the product temperature. High temperature of products led to the deterioration of the product quality. Most research used variable microwave power program for preventing the risk of overheating and charring of product. The evaporation of the water causes the shrinkage of product. Therefore, many studies have used machine vision for measuring the shrinkage and this technology has been used in modeling and predicting the MC.

The fresh potato samples (Solanum tuberosum cv. Santana) with 83% (w.b.) of initial MC were sliced into the chips of 5mm thickness. The developed drying systems consisted of microwave oven, lighting unit and imaging unit, temperature sensor, microwave power adjusting unit and a data acquisition unit (DAQ). A LabVIEW (V17.6, 2017) program was developed to integrate all measurements and adjusting the microwave power during the drying process. In this study, two sets of experiment with different aims have done. The first set of experiments was used for calculating the shrinkage by developed image processing algorithm and MC by offline mass measurement and then data sets were used to investigate the artificial neural networks (ANNs). The second set was used for evaluating the reliability of investigating models. The experiments, in the first set, were done with 8, 4 and 2.67 W g-1. In the variable mode, the power varied in two/three steps with respect to the MC of samples during the drying process. Second set of experiments was done in two variable and constant power modes with 5 and 3 W g-1. An image processing algorithm was developed to measure the shrinkage of potato slice during the drying process. In this study the feed forward ANN with back propagation algorithm was used. Two structures of ANN were used for modeling of MC. In the first model time and power density and the second model shrinkage and power density were used as input. Also moisture ratio was used as an output parameter in two models.

The obtained results indicated that for the first model the ANN with 2-3-1 structure had better results than others structures. This structure had 0.0713, 0.0337 and 0.0640 of RMSE and 0.9764, 0.9973 and 0.9800 of R for train, validation and test, respectively. For the second model, the 2-2-2-1 structure of ANN with 0.0780, 0.0816 and 0.0908 of RMSE and 0.9598, 0.9799 and 0.9746 of R for train, validation and test, respectively had better results than other structures. The evaluation of these models with a second data set showed that the second model with shrinkage and power density as input with 0.067 of RMSE and 0.994 of R had better results than the first model with 0.173 of RMSE and 0.961 of R. These consequences expressed that the second model had higher reliability for prediction of MC based on shrinkage and power density during drying process.

In this study, a microwave dryer was developed with a real-time image recording system and a microwave power level program during the drying process. Two ANN models were used for modeling of drying kinetics of the potato slices. Also image processing algorithm was investigated by measuring the shrinkage of potato slice during the drying process. The outcomes revealed that shrinkage as input in the ANN had great effect on MC prediction during the drying process.

The principal aim of this study was to examine the possible relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and their level of anxiety in speaking English. It also investigated whether there is any significant difference between teachers in schools and those in language institutes in terms of their level of self-efficacy and anxiety in speaking English. The participants of the research consisted of 109 male and female Iranian teacher candidates teaching in different language institutes and public schools in provinces of Tehran, Gilan, and Ardabil. The Teacher Self-efficacy Scale and the Public Speaking Anxiety Scale were used in this research as the data collection instruments. The SPSS software was used for data analysis. The data were analyzed through Pearson correlation to examine the relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and their attitudes toward their speaking anxiety. A one-way ANOVA was also run to compare teachers’ self-efficacy and speaking anxiety with their teaching affiliation. The findings revealed that as teachers’ self-efficacy increased, their speaking anxiety decreased. Furthermore, the results revealed that teachers in language institutes had higher self-efficacy and lower speaking anxiety than teachers in schools.

Functional voice disorders are among the most prevalent voice disorders. In addition to voice involvement, patients experience psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Speech therapy is the most effective therapy for these patients. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of speech therapy on anxiety and depression status in patients with functional voice disorder.

Sixty patients (aged between 17 to 65 years), with functional voice disorder, who have referred to the ENT clinic of Amir Almomenin Hospital in Rasht, were investigated using Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Thirty-six patients with the highest anxiety and depression score were selected and randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=18) and control (n=18) in a form of quasi-experimental design. After speech therapy, both groups were investigated using Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale again.

  The experimental group found significant improvement in VHI and symptoms of anxiety and depression after intervention (p<0.001). However in control group, VHI scores were significantly decreased (p=0.008) and anxiety (p=0.222) and depression (p=0.213) were not significantly different. In addition, after the intervention, the experimental group exhibited better VHI scores and less anxiety and depression symptoms compared to the control group (p<0.001). However, these differences were not significant in the pre-test (p>0.05).

Speech therapy not only improved the voice status but also significantly reduced the symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients. Speech therapy, through improving the quality of the patient's voice, expands the social, emotional and occupational interactions of the individual and improves the psychological and emotional functioning of patients after passing through the effects of impaired voice.

One of the most common laser proton acceleration mechanism is Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) method. The use of a foam layer in front of the main target plays an important role in the amount of laser energy absorption by the electrons and consequently the acceleration of the proton. The front layer can be either uniform and homogeneous or nano-structured. In this study, by assuming a nanostructured foam layer, and using two-dimensional particle simulations code, the effect of nanoparticle’s radius on the proton cut-off energy is investigated. Particles with radii of 10, 60 and 120 nm and random sizes in the range of 10 to 120 nm have been studied and simulated in a front layer with thickness of 10 and 20 μm with near-critical average density at laser intensity (I≈1020W/cm2). According to the results, in the case of thin foam layer, the differences of electron and consequently proton spectra are negligible. However, by increasing the foam thickness, the influence of nanoparticle radius causes a further dissociation in the final proton energy spectra. So that, the proton energy increases almost 45% by reducing the nanoparticle size from 120 nm to 10 nm.