فهرست مطالب saeed rezaei

Children with autism disorder with high performance in the neuropsychological profile have deficits. Meanwhile, a comprehensive program that covers sensory, motor, and cognitive aspects can improve their neuropsychological profile, which has not been designed so far.

The present study aimed to design a sensory, motor, and cognitive intervention program and its effectiveness on the neuropsychological profile of children with high-functioning autism.

This research employed a mixed-methods approach, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative components. The qualitative phase involved the design and validation of the intervention program, incorporating a content analysis of published works and the involvement of 10 experts who were purposefully selected to validate the program. For the quantitative segment, a semi-experimental design of the non-equivalent control group type was employed. The statistical population comprised all children diagnosed with autism, particularly those with high-functioning autism, attending rehabilitation centers in Tehran during the academic year 2022-2023.
In the qualitative phase, data were collected from published works, and content analysis was conducted based on relevant keywords. The quantitative phase involved the random selection of 20 subjects through available sampling, with participants allocated equally to control and experimental groups. The research utilized the neuropsychological questionnaire developed by Connors (2004) as the primary instrument for data collection. The experimental group underwent a 12-session, 40-minute intervention program.

Sensory, motor, and cognitive intervention programs have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing the neuropsychological profile of children diagnosed with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, improvements have been observed in the processing speed component (P< 0.01), executive functions (P< 0.05), and memory (P< 0.05). These findings underscore the positive impact of the intervention, suggesting significant enhancements in crucial cognitive domains among children exhibiting high-functioning autism.

The intervention designed in this research as a multidimensional intervention that simultaneously includes sensory, motor, and cognitive aspects can improve the neuropsychological profile of children with high-functioning autism disorder.

Low achievement is viewed as an ability-productivity discrepancy rather than a learning-ability discrepancy; Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the cognitive rehabilitation program on the cognitive abilities and academic performance of the gifted with low achieving.

Methods and Materials: 

This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was the students of the second secondary level of the gifted schools of Khoy city, who are known as gifted students. Among them, 30 students who met the criterion of low academic achievement were purposefully selected as a statistical sample and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. To collect data, Salehi's academic performance questionnaire (2013) and Nejati's cognitive abilities questionnaire (2013) were used. The training program of the intervention group consisted of eight weeks of two sessions (16 sessions in total), 60 minutes of cognitive rehabilitation program training. The control group also followed their normal daily schedule. At the end of the sixteenth week, a post-test was conducted for all participants. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance test at the error level of 0.05 with SPSS-19 software.

The results showed that the sixteen-week cognitive rehabilitation program significantly increased academic performance (P=0.001) and cognitive skills (P=0.001) of gifted students with low progress.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the cognitive rehabilitation program can be used to improve the academic performance and cognitive skills of the gifted with low progress.

Although emotion regulation skills deficit is a common feature of autism spectrum disorder, there is little research background related to the deficit of emotion regulation skills in individuals with high-functioning autism disorder. Therefore, the present study was conducted to systematically review the factors affecting the deficit of emotion regulation skills in individuals with high-functioning autism disorder.

This research was a systematic review study. Findings from 2000 to 2023 according to keywords of emotion regulation skill in individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder, emotion regulation skill in individuals with high-functioning autism disorder, emotion regulation skill deficit in individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder, and emotion regulation skill deficit in individual with high-functioning autism disorder in databases of Magiran, Elmnet, Noor Magz, Irandoc, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, Scopus, and Sage were checked using the PRISMA checklist, and at the end, 13 articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

The results of the current research showed that disability in processing emotional expressions and expressing emotional experiences, disability in theory of mind, and disability in executive functions are among the most important factors affecting the deficit of emotion regulation skills in individuals with high-functioning autism disorder.

Improving the processing of emotional expressions and the expression of emotional experiences, theory of mind and executive functions of individuals with high-functioning autism disorder can play an effective role in reducing the deficit of emotion regulation skills in these individuals.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the cognitive rehabilitation program (GO-NO GO and hungry donkey) on reaction speed and cognitive-behavioral inhibition system of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The population consisted of all children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in the academic year 1402-1401, from which 30 students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were selected as samples by purposive sampling. They were randomly assigned to the experimental group (15) and the control group (15). The instruments included Captain Log's cognitive rehabilitation software (Captain's Log, Sandford & Brown, 1988) Wechsler Children Intelligence Scale (WISC, Wechsler, 2003), and  Go/No Go Task (Hoffman, 1984). The experimental group received 11 sessions (one session per week for 60 minutes) of cognitive rehabilitation training. Data were analyzed through multivariate covariance statistical tests. The results showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there is a significant difference between the post-test of the experimental and control groups in reaction speed and cognitive-behavioral inhibition of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (P<0.05). Based on the results, one could say rehabilitation programs have led to the improvement of the reaction speed and cognitive inhibition system of students.

Aflatoxin M1 is one of mycotoxins which is produced by metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 and enters to the human body through animal milk. It has very strong hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects and is potentially dangerous for human health. As milk is one of the most important foods for humans, it is essential to protect the health risk of Aflatoxin M1 in different age groups. In the present study, raw and pasteurized milk samples of Zanjan, East Azerbaijan, Gilan and Kermanshah provinces have been evaluated then contamination of the samples with aflatoxin M1 and also the status of this contamination in different seasons have been investigated.

180 samples (93 samples of raw milk and 87 samples of pasteurized milk) In the autumn and winter of 1997 and the spring and summer of 1998 were collected from stores in Zanjan, East Azarbaijan, Gilan and Kermanshah provinces. The samples were centrifuged, the surface fat removed, and competitive ELISA assessed for aflatoxin M1.

In this study, 180 samples were collected from 4 cities of Tabriz, Kermanshah, Zanjan and Rasht, where the level of aflatoxin M1 was measured by ELISA method. The results showed that 100% of the examined samples were infected with aflatoxin M1 and the average concentration aflatoxin M1 in Tabriz, Kermanshah, Zanjan and Rasht are 31.9±6.5, 30.7±16.9, 29.9±2.2 and 25.4±3.8 ng/L,that was observed in the range of <1-134.2 ng/liter.

The results of our study showed that in all samples taken from four cities of Tabriz, Kermanshah, Zanjan and Rasht, there is aflatoxin M1 contamination that the level of this contamination was different from season to season. In such a way, the highest contamination was observed in the autumn and in the traditional type of production. Considering the harmfulness of aflatoxin M1 for human health, it is very important to continuously control animal feed in terms of aflatoxin B1 and control milk and its products for the absence of aflatoxin M1.

Cancer has extensive effects on children’s mental health and well-being. One of the problems of children with cancer is social interest. Due to the constant reduction of social interests and their association with quality of life, effective intervention programs are very important. On the other hand, helping childhood cancer survivors and children with cancer to maintain physical, mental and social well-being is one of the most important responsibilities of health professionals and psychologists. It should be noted that the intervention was tailored to the condition of children with cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an Adlerian play therapy on enhancing social interest in children with cancer. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest–posttest with control group. The statistical population consisted of all children with cancer of Yazd City, Iran. Using the convenience sampling method, 30 children were selected as a sample based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=15/group). The inclusion criteria for children included age 8-12, definitive diagnosis of cancer, at least one course of chemotherapy, not being treated with psychotropic drugs, the child living with both parents, not having any disease other than cancer, not having neuropsychological problems such as mental retardation, hyperactivity, moderate socio-family status and hospitalized for at least one month. The inclusion criteria included reluctance to continue cooperation, not cooperating in completing questionnaire at each of stages or more than two absences in training sessions. In pretest and posttest stage, participants completed the Social Interest Scale for Iranian Children (Alizadeh, 2015(, which included responsibility-task doing, relationship with people-empathy, confidence -assertive, equality vs inferiority-superiority. The weekly sessions of play therapy program included eighteen 45–minute for children. To describe the obtained data, central and dispersion indices, including mean and standard deviation and multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance were used in SPSS 24 at the significance level of 0.05. The results of the multivariate covariance analysis for the subscales of the social interest scale show that the experimental group shows a significant positive change in the subscales after participating in the training program compared to the control group (p <0.05). Adlerian play therapy is effective on social interest in children with cancer and should be offered as a complementary treatment along with other medical and psychological therapies to these children.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most prevalent cancer and the fourth in terms of cancer-related death worldwide. The GC is the most commonly diagnosed and the most important cause of cancer-related death in Iranian. Due to the heavy burden of stomach cancer in Iran, we aimed to review all articles that have been conducted on the Incidence, Prognostic Factors, and survival of Gastric Cancer in Iran and compare them with the global situation. We surveyed google scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science (ISI), and Science Direct databases using the keywords of Gastric Cancer, Stomach Cancer, Gastric Neoplasm, Stomach Neoplasm, and Iran and obtained English language articles. After a two-step screening of articles, 52 out of 202 remained eligible for our study (related to Incidence, Prognostic Factors, and survival of stomach Cancer in Iran). We found that although Iran is one of the high-burden countries for GC, the incidence rate, and mortality rate are very different in different provinces (up to a six-fold and thirty-fold difference in mortality rate and incidence rate have been reported respectively in reviewed articles between Northern and Southern Iran). Considering that the initial stage is one of the most important and perhaps the most important prognostic factors, through upper endoscopy screening, the disease can be diagnosed in earlier stages and the survival of patients can be improved. We recommend the Ministry of Health prioritize people according to their combination of risk factors (especially geographical region) and make a national cost-effective screening algorithm for Iran.

Virtual social networks are considered as one of the most important and influential means of mass communication in today's world, which today operate as comprehensive and accessible media, and a large part of the media's information and public relations activities are carried out in this way. In a situation where many of these virtual networks have been filtered in Iran for a few years now and access to them is still limited and only possible with a filter breaker, the public relations of various institutions and organizations inevitably use new methods to inform. This research seeks to answer the question of what effect filtering has had on public relations activities and what strategies public relations have had to overcome this challenge in informing their target audience and society. The purpose of the research is to achieve practical solutions in attracting the audience through public relations. In this research, which was conducted using a survey method and using a questionnaire, the researchers have investigated the public relations information performance of the executive bodies in Bushehr and Fars provinces. From the results of this research, it is possible to mention the simultaneous use of Iranian social networks and filtered social networks by public relations for information, more creativity in content production, diversification and more dynamic content produced, and reduction of public relations audiences. Public relations use alternative methods to inform themselves and filtering does not stop them.

Music is very important in the mythology of different nations. This science, as one of the parts of theoretical wisdom, has an unbreakable connection with literary mysticism through similarity in intuitive and inner perceptions, metaphysical dimension, infallibility, etc. The conceptual expansion of music originated from here, which led to liberation from the monologue and one-dimensional atmosphere and to the music of the cosmic spirit, which gradually penetrated and gained strength in mysticism. The perception of music, which is a manifestation of mystic hearing and the resurrection of the worlds and spiritual states of the seeker, reveals and intuitively finds a celestial and cosmic music and directly engages emotions and feelings.Molavi has a very aesthetic view of receiving music, and because it is at a high level of heart import in esoteric receptions, and in other words, it is a symbol of all systems, customs and habits, the connection between his view and his thoughts with cosmic music is important. Show

Although quarantine is necessary and unavoidable to maintain people's health against infectious diseases, it can cause psychological problems in people, especially parents of children with behavioral problems. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the resilience of parents with children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in quarantine.

The present study was a qualitative phenomenological study. The research community included parents of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder referred to psychological clinics in Tehran, how had the experience of living in quarantine during the Coronavirus pandemic crisis in 2021. The number of 8 parents was selected using the purposeful sampling method until complete information saturation was reached. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis technique used for data analysis.

Data analysis from the interviews were extracted and classified into 4 main themes (psychological exhaustion, multiple conflicts, dysregulated mood, aggravated cognitive-behavioral problems) and 19 sub-themes.

This study showed that the experience of quarantine life during the Coronavirus disease pandemic can negatively affect the resiliency of parents with children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, experts and psychologists are advised to take effective measures in this field.

Anthocyanins are important compounds in strawberry fruit quality. There are different genes involved in the production and accumulation of these metabolites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of iron, determine the optimal concentration and study its effect on the expression pattern of genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins of strawberry fruit of Camarossa cultivar during developmental stages. The experiment was factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. So that, first in a preliminary experiment strawberry plants were sprayed with 14% iron chelate at concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000 µmol/L. Then properties were evaluated after foliar application. According to the results, fruits sprayed with iron at a concentration of 1400 μmol/L showed the highest level of total anthocyanin. Also, the application of selective concentrations of iron accelerated the ripening of fruits, which in the end, a concentration of 1400 μmol/L was considered as the optimal concentration. Increased expression of FaSUT1, FaMYB1, FaPAL, FaCHS genes and decreased expression of FaMYC1 gene in fruits treated with iron chelate 14% at a concentration of 1400 μmol/L can be a reason for increased accumulation of anthocyanins. Therefore, in order to produce strawberry greenhouses and cultivate them in a soilless environment, according to the results of this study, in order to increase anthocyanins contents, a concentration of 1400 μmol/L of iron can be suggested by foliar application.

Social anxiety is one of the most common problems reported in adolescents with high-functioning autism. The purpose of the present study was a systematic review of factors affecting the occurrence of social anxiety symptoms in adolescents with high-functioning autism. This research was conducted using a systematic review method. Thus, the research findings from 2000 to 2021 in Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, Scopus ProQuest, and Sage with the keywords social anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, high-functioning autism disorder, adolescents with high-functioning autism disorder, and social anxiety in high-functioning autism disorder were searched, and finally, based on the inclusion criteria, among the 41 articles searched, using the PRISMA checklist, 10 articles were included in the research and the findings were classified And reported. The evaluation of the articles showed that defects in social skills, high-performance levels in autism spectrum disorder, and adolescence period are the most important factors affecting the incidence of social anxiety in adolescents with high-functioning autism. Focusing on these factors can open the way for more research in the field of providing effective interventions to reduce social anxiety in adolescents with high-functioning autism disorder for researchers and professionals.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro-developmental disorder which ismostly caused by deficits in social interactions. Lack of physical activity and poor nutritional habits arecommon problems in these patients which may be exaggerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. The studyaims to assess the effect of functional training along with online nutrition education on inflammatorybiomarkers in children with ASD.

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 80 children with ASD (age=9.73±1.29years, weight=49.94±2.08 kg, height=146.08±40 cm, body mass index=24.71 ±1.48 kg/m2) were randomlydivided into four groups of training, education, training+ education, and control. The interventionslasted for 8 weeks. The inflammatory biomarkers including white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactiveprotein (CRP) level, neutrophil count, eosinophil count, and basophil count were assessed (usingblood samples collected from antecubital vein) before and after the interventions.

There was no significant difference between the groups before the interventions (P˃0.05). Afterthe intervention, the results showed a significant decrease in WBC (P˂0.001), CRP (P=0.001), neutrophils(sig.=0.009), and eosinophil (P=0.003) in all groups. Basophil count decreased in all groups (P=0.01) exceptin the education group.

Functional training and online nutrition education are beneficial interventions for managementof inflammatory biomarkers in children with ASD which can be used during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Social anxiety is a disorder with moderate prevalence and has wide social effects on people. Research reveled that methods of cognitive restructuring treatments such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can help people with social anxiety. According to studies, they are very limited in targeting this issue.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the social and psychological anxiety of speech of teenagers with stuttering.

This quasi-experimental study was designed as a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up and was conducted with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all adolescents aged 13-17 years with stuttering referred to speech therapy centers in September 2021. The research was the Persian test to determine the severity of stuttering (Riley, 2009; Tahmasebi, 2011) and the Wells Social Anxiety Questionnaire (1994). Moreover, Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.

The results of the research showed that group therapy based on acceptance and commitment has created significant changes in the variables of social anxiety and severity of stuttering in the experimental and control groups (significance level 0.05).

Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the designed program based on acceptance and commitment reduces the severity of stuttering and reduces the social anxiety of teenagers who stutter. Therefore, the use of the treatment mentioned by child specialists It is highly recommended for teenagers with stuttering.

Reading disorder is the most common learning disorder that accounts for the largest number of special education services and specialized intervention programs. The overall purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational interventions in listening cognitive games on phonological awareness of dyslexic children Research.

 Five students with reading disorders in the first grade of elementary school from a clinic under the supervision of Yazd Education were selected as participants in the study. The research design was a single subject of multi-line design with different subjects.To diagnose reading disorder, phonological awareness test and revised Wechsler children's IQ scale were used. The required data were collected in different baseline conditions, intervention, and follow-up. In the case of experimental intervention, each subject received at least twelve sessions of effectiveness of listening cognitive games training on the vocabulary of dyslexic children for 45-60 minutes, but in the baseline and follow-up conditions, none of them received cognitive games training. They did not receive phonological hearing from dyslexic children. Comparison of subjects' performance in baseline, intervention and follow-up conditions showed that direct instruction in listening cognitive games had a positive effect on the vocabulary of reading dyslexic children of all five subjects and this learning remained stable over time.

The effectiveness of teaching cognitive listening games has a positive effect on the phonology of dyslexic children in primary school and increases their reading skills.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, concerns about cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy have increased because of the numerous hospital visits, which may increase the risk of contracting COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the incidence of COVID-19 among patients visiting our radiation oncology department during the first and second peaks of the epidemic.

In this cross-sectional study, we included all patients who underwent radiotherapy from November 2019 to September 2020. We contacted the patients and asked if they had COVID-19 during this time and how they were diagnosed. Clinical signs and a positive PCR test were acceptable as COVID-19 diagnostic criteria. We also gathered cancer and treatment status data from the patients’ records in the ward medical library. This study was approved by the institutional review board and ethics committee (code: IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1399.104).

During the study period, 687 patients were admitted to our radiation oncology ward. The patients’ median age was 55 (IQR: 44-65), of whom 424 (61.7%) were females. Twenty-three (3.3%) patients developed COVID-19, 15 (65.2%) of whom were diagnosed with clinical symptoms and 8 (34.8%) with PCR. Twelve and 11 patients contracted COVID-19 in the first and second epidemic peaks, respectively. Even though no patients with skin cancer or sarcomas of the bone or soft tissue contracted COVID-19, the highest frequency of COVID-19 was seen among patients with intrathoracic or lung cancer with 38 times the odds of patients with head and neck cancer to develop COVID-19. Highly susceptible patients were those with hematologic and upper gastrointestinal (GI) and gynecologic cancers, respectively. We found a significant association between intrathoracic (mainly lung) cancers and infection with COVID-19 (P-value = 0.02).

Patients undergoing intrathoracic cancer radiotherapy are at a higher risk of developing COVID-19. We believe these patients should be prioritized in cancer patients’ screening, case-finding, or vaccination programs.

With the advancement of science and technology in third world and developing countries, more and more   harmful factors in the working environment endanger the employees’ lives. One of these detrimental factors is the incompatibility of work with people’s characteristics, which causes musculoskeletal disorders. In developing countries this happens at the cost of musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of ergonomic interventions on reducing the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, and finally, use the results obtained to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and improve the working environment among the staff of Qeshm Zinc Smelting company, in 1399.

In this study, staff were randomly evaluated as a case control by the Nordic questionnaire, using QEC method and body map. Ergonomic interventions were then performed on the case group. After one month and four months, re-evaluation was performed by QEC and body map methods.

Findings indicated that 84.21% of the participants had musculoskeletal disorders in the past year before the study. Ergonomic interventions for musculoskeletal disorders in the lower back, shoulders, neck, knees and hands were significantly reduced.ftAer ergonomic interventions, the  risk factor of these disorders was significantly reduced. 

Therefore, by doing ergonomic interventions, including  teaching ergonomic principles, using automatic equipment, etc., musculoskeletal disorders in the back, shoulders, neck and knees were created and musculoskeletal disorders were reduced to 13.58%.

COVID-19 could cause severe complications in those with pre-existing conditions such as cancer. Here, we aimed to assess the outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with a history of cancer.

In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted medical records of patients with any cancer history among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our patients were admitted between February 20th and July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was death, and the secondary outcomes were overall survival, COVID-19-specific mortality, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and hospital stay. A group of individuals without cancer history was selected from the COVID-19 cohort and matched for age, gender, and pre-existing conditions. We utilized univariate and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the association between studied variables and primary outcomes.

We identified 46 patients with cancer and COVID-19. The median age was 63, and 54.3% were male. According to the univariate logistic regression analysis, death was 5.3 (CI95%: 1.75-15.85) times more probable in cancer patients than controls (p=0.003). The multivariate analysis adjusted for having cancer and sex, age, and having any comorbidity showing this figure was 5.5 (CI95%:1.8-16.8) (p=0.003). The 30- and 90-day COVID-19 specific mortality was 30% (CI95%:17-43) and 33% (CI95%: 20-46), respectively.

Patients with COVID-19 with a history of cancer have a considerably higher risk of death irrespective of age, gender, and other pre-existing conditions. Patients with advanced cancers and concurrent bacterial infections need the most vigorous care.

Incremental sheet forming is a flexible forming technology in which the sheet metal is gradually formed by the movement of tools in specified path. Due to the progressively localized deformation of the sheet and concentration of the forces on contact area of tool and sheet metal, the formability of the sheet increases compared with other common forming methods. In this study, numerical simulation of the incremental forming of AA3105-St12 two-layer sheet has been performed to calculate forming force and final thicknesses of the layers. The validity of the simulation results is evaluated by comparing them with those obtained from experiments. Numerical models for estimating the vertical force applied on the tool and the final thicknesses of the layers in terms of the process variables have been obtained using artificial neural network. Multi-objective optimization has been conducted to achieve the minimum force and the minimum thickness reduction of layers using obtained numerical models based on genetic algorithm method. Optimum thickness of the two-layer sheet and the thickness ratio the layers in different states of contact of the aluminum or the steel layers with the forming tool have been determined.

Drawing on a corpus-based approach, this study analyzed two different sub-corpora including Non-Native English-Speaking (NNES) and Native English-Speaking (NES) sub-corpus. There were 60 research articles from soft sciences including Applied Linguistics, Sociology, Economics and hard sciences including Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Biology. To examine the frequency of stance and engagement markers in the two sub-corpora separately, MAXQDA software was utilized. Several Chi-square tests were run to investigate the differences found in the frequencies of the two groups. The results demonstrated that writers of different fields of study and from different cultural backgrounds exerted varying degrees of authorship and interaction in their texts. Regarding disciplinary variation, it was found that the researchers in soft disciplines used more stance and engagement markers than the ones in hard disciplines. With regard to cross-cultural variation, native academic writers preferred to draw more on interactional markers than non-native Iranian academic writers. The findings of the present study offer implications to academic writers from different fields of study and different cultural backgrounds so that they become cognizant of their own presence in texts and their interaction with readers based on the use of stance and engagement markers. The results can also be implemented in EAP/ESP courses and syllabi.

Pet ownership in general and pet bird ownership, in particular, is increasing recently. However, the status of pet ownership and the demographics of owners are unclear in Iran. The current study was designed to characterize the knowledge and attitude of pet bird ownership status, factors influencing pet bird ownership in metropolitan Tehran. A questionnaire was administered to pet bird owners in Parseh Pet Clinic. The questions were related to pet bird owners towards pet bird choice, management practice, and disease control. Local bird markets were more frequently visited for providing pet birds. Most pet owners reported a low level of information on prevalent and zoonotic diseases of the pet birds; however, most owners (90%) indicated that they consider veterinarians the primary source for providing information about management and zoonosis. This study was the first to provide concise information about pet bird ownership in Tehran. Providing more information to visitors in the bird markets is recommended to preserve the visitors҆ health and to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. Strength communication between clients and veterinarians is essential to promote the health and welfare of the owners and the pet birds as well. Further research to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of owners towards pet management and health are recommended.

Gastric cancer is an important, prevalant and second most fatal cancer in the world. Previous studies show heavy metals have various roles in human health. Heavy metals are known to be associated with various cancers but their function in gastric adenocarcinoma is unclear. In this study we examined serum level of these metals in gastric adenocarcinoma patients compared to control group.

In total, 114 subjects (54 controls and 60 cancer patients) were included in this study. We took blood samples from 60 known cases of gastric adenocarcinoma hospitalized in oncology Ward of Valiaasr Hospital and 53 none cancerous patients hospitalized in other wards of the Valiasr hospital, as control group. After sample preparation, serum concentration of  Zinc, Cadmium, Lead and Copper were determined by polarography and the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software.

Serum level of Copper was significantly higher in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma compared to control group (P-Vlue= 0.04). No significant differences were  found in serum  level of zinc, lead and cadmium in gastric adenocarcinoma patients compared to control group (P-Value > 0.05), however the mean concentration of zinc and Lead were higher in cancerous patients.

Findings in this study appear to support that Copper overload may be risk factor of Gastric Adenocarcinoma but to find out the exact roles of theses heavy metals, more extended studies are needed. Recently, tendency to use copper containing dishes has been increased in our society, so necessary warnings should be given to the community as to the possible carcinogenicity of copper.

The elderly are one of the most vulnerable groups facing coronavirus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of green exercises on mental health and cognitive status of the elderly during the coronavirus.

This quasi-experimental and applied study was conducted on the elderly aged 60-75 years in Tabriz. The data were collected using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The experimental group performed green exercise based on the exercise program (three 60-minute sessions per week during 8 weeks). The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The results showed that green exercises had a significant effect on the mental health and cognitive status of the elderly. The results of this study indicated a significant improvement in general health and cognitive status of older men after a training period, which was significant compared to the control group.

Based on the results, green exercises can be used as a suitable strategy to increase the physical activity of the elderly as well as improve the mental health and cognitive status of the elderly.

Communication skills and social interactions are important in the lives of children with autism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of etherplo on improving communication skills and social interactions in children with autism.

The research method was quasi-experimental and follow-up with two experimental and control groups. For this purpose, using the sampling method available among children in Tabriz, and were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group then performed water polo training and games for 6 weeks. In this study, communication skills and social interaction questionnaires were used as data collection tools.

Water polo practice reduced stereotyped behaviors and increased social interaction and communication interaction of autistic children significantly (P = 0.01) in the experimental group, but in the control group stereotyped behaviors and social interaction significantly decreased (P = 0.01). ), had. Also, there was no significant decrease or increase in communication skills of autistic children in the control group.

According to the results of the study, it can be stated that water polo has an effect on improving the social interactions of autistic children and these interventions can be used to improve communication skills of these children.

Play is essential for children because it can train language skills, cognitive, social skills, and other contributions to the development of personality. Play therapy is an effective method to respond to children’s mental needs. Play therapists use toys and play materials to help children concretely communicate their needs. A play therapy approach is Adlerian play therapy. In Adlerian play therapy, play therapists use the concepts of Alfred Adler's individual psychology. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the nature and application of Adlerian play therapy.

This was a systematic review study. The research methodology was also based on collecting, classifying, and summarizing the findings of scientific research articles related to Adlerian play therapy between 2000 - 2019, collected from domestic and international databases. The keywords “play therapy, Adlerian play therapy, and individual psychology” were considered in this research. The domestic databases included Civilica, Magiran, SID, Noormags; the international databases included Eric, Ebsco, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed. In total, 98 articles were selected in the initial search; however, 82 articles were deleted due to not being relevant to the Adlerian approach. Seventeen articles were selected with the title Adlerian play therapy. Among them, one article was removed due to being old (obsolescence), 8 articles due to review, and one article due to duplication in several databases. Finally, 7 articles were selected for this review. The inclusion criteria of the study were having an Adlerian approach; being a quantitative study; being original research, and the publication of the articles to range between 2000 and 2019. The exclusion criteria of the study also included having different approaches (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, etc.) plus Adlerian approach, review studies, and articles published before 2000 AD.

The present review study indicated that play therapy was effective in working with children with various problems in multiple settings, including schools. Adlerian play therapy reduced anxiety and maladaptive perfectionism, reduced challenging and destructive behaviors, increased task performance, and improved social skills as well as general health in children. Teachers also reported that they experienced less stress in their relationships with students who received Adlerian play therapy. This treatment effectively improved the health of neglected children. These findings highlighted the clinical significance of Adlerian play therapy in children's behaviors.

The obtained findings suggested that Adlerian play therapy can be used as a promising intervention for children with different problems. Thus, it is recommended that Adlerian play therapy be used as a therapeutic intervention in pilot projects in children with various problems.