فهرست مطالب saleh rahimi

Human resources is the most important organizational resource. Usually, employees also prefer jobs where they can use existing opportunities to improve their abilities. Therefore, the research aims to determine the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment and job satisfaction of public library employees in Lorestan province.

The research method employed in this study is correlational research and structural equation modeling. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire including Eisenberger et al.'s (1986) Perceived Organizational Support, Allen and Meyer's (1993) Organizational Commitment, and MinneSota Job Satisfaction (2009) scales. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of data distribution. Structural equation modeling and Sobel test were utilized to test the research hypotheses.

There is a significant relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment. There is a significant relationship between perceived organizational support and job satisfaction of public library employees. Organizational support is directly related to organizational commitment, but it has no significant relationship with organizational commitment through job satisfaction.

The results indicated that improving employees' perceived organizational support leads to an increase in their organizational commitment. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that organizational attention to perceived support is essential for enhancing employee job satisfaction. Job satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between organizational support and employees' organizational commitment in public libraries. In other words, the variable of organizational support directly influences organizational commitment, but it does not have an indirect effect through job satisfaction on organizational commitment.

In the age of the internet and with students' growing reliance on this interactive medium, coupled with the rise in cybercrimes that infringe upon individuals' privacy, online privacy literacy can serve as a crucial tool in mitigating such harms online. Several factors can contribute to enhancing this literacy. This study seeks to investigate the impact of digital skills on enhancing online privacy literacy among undergraduate students at Razi University in Kermanshah.
The present research is of an applied type and was conducted using a survey methodThe statistical population includes 7774 undergraduate students of Razi University in Kermanshah in 2018-2019. The sample size was determined to be 366 people using Morgan's table through a stratified random sampling method. Researcher-developed online privacy literacy and digital skills questionnaires were utilized to collect data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed through content validity methods and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. Additionally, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the findings using SPSS software version 24.
The results showed that the online privacy literacy level of undergraduate students is lower than average. However, the students' digital skills level is moderate. Additionally, based on data analysis, digital skills have an impact factor of 0.49 on knowledge of the performance of online service providers, 0.29 on knowledge of information protection laws, 0.51 on knowledge of technical aspects of online privacy, 0.51 on technical skills, 0.40 on social skills, and 0.61 on the overall online privacy literacy scale. The study concludes that as digital skills increase, online privacy literacy and all its components also improve.
Due to the effectiveness of digital skills in enhancing online privacy literacy to uphold privacy on the Internet, it is imperative to provide the essential training and implement measures to enhance students' digital skills. This will elevate their security levels while using the Internet, consequently reducing numerous privacy risks and challenges they may encounter.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and job performance among public librarians in Ilam province.

The methodology applied for this research was descriptive and correlational in nature, with data collected through survey methods. Utilizing the organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire developed by Podsakoff et al. (1990) and the job performance questionnaire by Paterson (1970), the study focused on the librarians in Ilam province in 2023. With three predictor variables considered, a confidence level of 0.95, test power of 0.90, and G*Power software indicating a minimum required sample size of 99 individuals, a total of 103 participants were included in the analysis after accounting for an additional 5% sample volume.

The findings revealed significant relationships between altruism and civil virtue among librarians, as well as associations between respect for librarians and their job performance. However, no significant correlations were found between conscientiousness or chivalry and job performance.

In democratic systems, increasing attention is being placed on citizen participation. Active engagement from organizational members as good citizens is crucial for fostering positive behaviors within an organization. Recognizing organizational citizens as valuable resources, their behavior plays a key role in overall success. This study highlights the positive link between organizational citizenship behavior and librarian performance in Ilam province.

Value: 

This study adds to the existing literature by examining the impact of organizational citizenship behavior on librarian job performance and underscores the importance of this relationship in enhancing professional performance. The results can offer valuable insights for cultural officials, public library managers, and policymakers seeking to motivate library staff effectively.

Specialized technical skills alone in the field of library and information management are not sufficient, and information specialists who demonstrate a combination of hard and soft skills are preferred by employers in the present era, as they possess a clear competitive advantage. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the current status of core skills among university librarians in Kermanshah province from the perspective of librarians working in these universities.

The present research is applied in nature and conducted using a survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of all university librarians in Kermanshah province (58 individuals). The research was carried out through a census, and 51 completed questionnaires were returned. The Sanders questionnaire (2019) was used to collect research data. To test the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, and the obtained alpha value was 0.81, indicating the desirable reliability coefficient for the questionnaire items. The collected data were analyzed using Friedman test and frequency distribution.

According to the Friedman test, the selected skills have a significant difference in mean, with the highest priority being HR/personnel management. Frequency distribution was used to answer other questions. The findings showed that 23 skills are needed by all graduates according to librarians, 21 skills are often needed by librarians, 3 skills are needed by some librarians, and 9 skills are needed by managers based on their frequency.

The study showed that according to librarians in Kermanshah province's university libraries, the highest priority is human resource/personnel management, which is one of the managerial components. This means that librarians value the soft skills of their managers and consider it essential for managers to manage librarians in the best possible way and hire capable personnel. Interpersonal communication skills, customer service skills, search skills (ability to search databases, internet resources, and catalogs efficiently and effectively), evaluating and selecting information resources, teamwork, reader’s advisory, interacting with diverse communities and knowledge of professional ethics are among the other important skills considered in terms of librarians' needs. This means that all graduates must be familiar with these skills regardless of their future career path. Since according to librarians, soft skills are necessary for all graduates of the library and information science field, it seems that updating the curriculum of this field should focus on offering courses that teach these skills, and efforts should be made to teach soft skills to students through education. Also, two communication skills, interpersonal communication and customer service, which are the most important skills, are among the communication components. This also indicates the importance of communication skills for graduates. Soft skills are as important as hard skills, and students should try to learn soft skills regardless of their future career path to achieve success for themselves and their organization. Moreover, librarians should also try to improve their soft skills to be more successful in their careers.

The study aimed to assess adherence to scientific writing principles in Social Sciences dissertations at Razi University between 2013 and 2019 based on desirable research criteria.

This study is applied and utilized a descriptive-evaluative approach, examining 765 dissertations titles. A checklist was employed as the research measurement tool, validated for reliability and validity.

Findings indicated Economics and general psychology departments had the most dissertations. Adherence to content criteria was prominent in knowledge and information science, guidance and counseling, educational management-entrepreneurship, psychology, accounting, economics, sociology, and political science. Likewise, adherence to structural criteria was highest in guidance and counseling, psychology, knowledge and information science, educational management-entrepreneurship, accounting, economics, sociology, and political science. Dissertations' content primarily adhered to desirable criteria in the introductory section, research data, participants, and ethical considerations. Similarly, in the structure of dissertations, criteria were observed in presentation format, references-citation, and writing style.

The results indicated significant differences in research criteria among faculty groups, with thesis content being weaker than structure. However, overall, the dissertations demonstrated higher adherence to scientific writing principles than the average level.

At the present time, the advancement of technology in every field has accelerated to such an extent that its effects are evident everywhere, so people do not use previous methods to meet their needs. It is in this situation that institutions, organizations, bodies, etc., must change in order to maintain their survival and be present in the competition scene, otherwise, they will face challenges. Libraries are among these organizations. If libraries want to move forward with changes and developments and continue their development and evolution, they must have a plan. One of the plans that are proposed in libraries, especially in university libraries, is "strategic planning", having a strategic plan that has a specific time frame, a set of processes or should include special components appropriate for each library, examine the external environment and give a better understanding of the current and future state of the library and create a competitive advantage (Bayat and Esfandiari Moghadam, 2014, p. 85). The strategic planning process in this research is considered based on Bryson's authentic model (2013), the components that Bryson considered for this process in the book Strategic Planning in Government, Public and Non-Profit Organizations include: 1) initial agreement, 2) determining organizational tasks, 3) analyzing stakeholders, 4) mission, 5) understanding the organizational environment, 6) determining strategic issues, 7) determining strategy, 8) describing plans and actions, 9) vision of the organization and 10) operational plan. David (2013) believes that information is updated from moment to moment, as a result, information collection, analysis, and sending and receiving this information affects strategic decisions. It should be noted that information is effective in strategic planning if it is obtained from scientific research and research results and has scientific support in general. The main question of the research is how to rely on evidence-based librarianship with the components of 1) asking/formulating a detailed question in one of the subject areas of librarianship, 2) obtaining/finding the most appropriate evidence, 3) evaluating 4) applying and 5) evaluating the results, to strategic planning with the components of 1) initial agreement, 2) determining organizational tasks, 3) stakeholder analysis, 4) mission, 5) understanding the organizational environment, 6) determining strategic issues, 7) determining the strategy, 8) describing plans and actions, 9) vision of the organization and 10) operational plan helped. According to the purpose, the current research aims to answer the following questions:To what extent is the state of strategic planning of university libraries in Kermanshah based on strategic planning components?To what extent is the awareness of evidence-based librarianship among managers and librarians of university libraries in Kermanshah based on the components of evidence-based librarianship?What is the relationship between strategic planning and evidence-based librarianship components from the point of view of university library managers and librarians?             

Literature Review:

According to the definitions of Elsan and Eddy (1982, p. 4), strategic planning is "a systematic effort, in order to make decisions and carry out fundamental activities that shape the nature and how and why of the organization's actions" in ideally, strategic planning requires gathering extensive and effective information, defining the organization's mission as well as strategic issues, and finally carefully examining various solutions to achieve organizational goals and the future results of current decisions (Bryson, 2010, p. 19). Alphabet of strategic planningA: Where are we?B: Where do we want to be?A: How to reach the destination Planning in the library is not a new phenomenon. The expansion of the use of strategic planning in libraries and the desired results were among the factors that ledlibrary managers to strategicplanning. Strategic planning in a general perspective leads to the development of understanding and awareness of how the library participates in the development of society.

 The concept of evidence-based librarianship:

 Evidence-based librarianship means the optimal use of existing research findings in compiling and revising the professional activities of librarians and information specialists. Evidence-based librarianship, with a history of ten years, is considered a relatively new approach in this field, based on which librarians first collect and interpret scientific findings and then create the necessary context for integrating new knowledge to provide their own professional activities. (Mansourian, 2019) Since the idea of evidence-based librarianship was first proposed, its proponents have tried to develop a conceptual framework, principles, and steps for it that would help information professionals understand it and enable them to combine it with their professional performance (Lerdal, 2002). Evidence-based librarianship provides a self-correcting framework in such a way that until new information becomes available, it suggests new directions or methods, Cromley and Kofogianakis (2006).

The present study was descriptive and conducted in a survey method. The statistical population of this study is librarians of Kermanshah University Libraries, which is a total of 63 people. Due to the limited number of people in the statistical population, therefore, sampling has been considered in the research. The data collection tools were two researcher-made questionnaires, strategic planning, and evidence-based librarianship.

University libraries perform poorly in terms of implementing strategic planning and using evidence-based librarianship, so it seems that they still follow the previous routine in managing library affairs and providing services.Evidence-based librarianship with an approach to seeking information and expanding knowledge and having a detailed and regulated framework in five stages of formulating questions, obtaining evidence, evaluating evidence, using evidence, and evaluating the effectiveness of the operational plan, has a high capacity in implementing the process. It has strategic planning. Evidence-based librarianship by understanding and recognizing the need and formulating the question in the first stage, extracting valid evidence and finally creating opportunities in the second stage, prioritizing refereed sources in the third stage, and providing a solution with scientific support in the fourth stage, and by examining the effects of the decisions taken in the fifth stage, respectively, leads to transparency and understanding of the problem, to smoothing the detailed information about the problem in question and creating a strategy, to evaluating the strategy and achieving an effective strategy, not sacrificing time and resources in wrong decisions, increasing awareness and knowledge regarding the effectiveness of a strategy, and will be effective in strategic planning. The process of strategic planning in order to identify issues, determine goals, adopt strategies, and predict results requires approaches to gather information, critical analysis, and organization of information, so evidence-based librarianship with accumulated knowledge can be the focus of strategic planning. In other words, evidence-based librarianship acts as a tool in providing detailed information related to the subject for strategic planning, and the effectiveness of this information is to be placed in the framework of the evidence-based librarianship approach. In this way, the information produced in evidence-based librarianship will play a decisive role in strategic planning.

 Today, the Internet has a vibrant presence in people's lives, but with the advent of the Internet, there have been widespread concerns about protecting personal information and making users enjoy the benefits of the Internet, requiring the knowledge and ability to apply the necessary privacy-friendly solutions. Online privacy literacy as a knowledge to protect personal information is an essential literacy for living in the digital age that provides awareness of issues related to online privacy such as awareness of threats and dangers of online privacy as well as awareness of solutions Necessary to control online privacy, it helps users to protect their information. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effective factors (Internet skills, online privacy self-efficacy, online surveillance awareness, online privacy concerns and online privacy risks) on online privacy literacy of Razi University students.

 The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey method. The statistical population of this study includes all students of Razi University (11268 people) in the academic year of 99-98. The sample size was 372 using Morgan's table and was determined by stratified random sampling. The researcher-made questionnaire (Internet Skills, Online Privacy Self-efficacy, Awareness of Online Monitoring, Concerns of Online Privacy and Awareness of Online Privacy Risks), Also, a researcher-made questionnaire made of online privacy literacy was used, which has 4 components (knowledge of the performance of online service providers, knowledge of technical aspects of online privacy, knowledge of information protection laws and awareness of necessary strategies for individual control). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Internet skills (0.816), online privacy efficiency (0.763), online monitoring awareness (0.810), online privacy concerns (0. 880) and awareness of the dangers of online privacy (0.856), online privacy literacy (0.873) was obtained, which indicates the validity of the questionnaires used. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the findings using the version 24 software. 

 The results show that the average variable of online privacy literacy is equal to 2.60 (from the average value of 3). Among the dimensions of online privacy literacy, the highest average of 3.5 (from the average value of 3) is related to the dimension of social skills and the lowest average of 2.21 (from the average value of 3) is related to the dimension of knowledge of information protection laws. In addition, the average concern about online privacy (3.38) and awareness of online monitoring (3.22) is higher than the average of 3 and the average Internet skills (2.80), online privacy efficiency (2.83) and awareness of risks online privacy (2.85) is lower than the average value of three. Based on data analysis, Internet skills with an impact factor of 0.57, online privacy efficiency with an impact factor of 0.56, awareness of online monitoring with an impact factor of 0.39, awareness of the dangers of online privacy with an impact factor of 53 / and concern Online privacy with an impact factor of 0.12 is effective on the overall scale of online privacy literacy.

 Given the growing concern about online privacy violations, the importance of increasing literacy to protect the privacy of individuals on the Internet is increasing. Online privacy literacy is one of the key factors that can prevent online privacy violations. Individuals who are concerned about their privacy and who wish to protect their personal information are effectively protected by their privacy by utilizing knowledge about privacy controls, relevant laws, technical aspects as well as the practices of online service providers. Various factors affect the level of online privacy literacy that can overshadow people's ability and motivation to increase that literacy. Various factors affect the level of online privacy literacy that can overshadow people's ability and motivation to increase that literacy. Given the effectiveness of factors (Internet skills, online privacy self-efficacy, awareness of online surveillance, awareness of the dangers of online privacy and concerns about online privacy) on increasing, the privacy of online privacy in order to protect privacy on the Internet, Training and necessary measures should be taken to pay attention to and promote these factors. Therefore, the results of this study can be effective in improving the educational programs of universities and schools, libraries, cultural institutions, government agencies, media and other centers that can play a role in this, as well as the public, and lay the groundwork for planning. Public awareness of the role of the factors of this research in increasing privacy literacy should be online.

This study aims to determine the structural equation pattern of relationships between job satisfaction with organizational commitment and ethical climate among librarians of public libraries in Kermanshah province. The research method is the type of correlation studies and the modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of this study included all 180 public librarians of Kermanshah province. Using stratified random sampling, 122 people were selected as the sample size basedon the Cochran formula. Spector's Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (1999), Allen & Meyer's Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (1990), and the revised Victor and Cullen's Questionnaire (1988) were used. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling and correlation coefficient tests, simple linear regression, and the Seville test were used with SPSS software. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the job satisfaction of public library librarians and their understanding of the ethical climate. The state of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and ethical climate is more than average at the public libraries in Kermanshah province.Also, the more job satisfaction librarians of public libraries have, the more commitment they will have to their organization, and public library officials should pay more attention to this issue. High organizational commitment increases the effect of job satisfaction on ethical climate. Finally, organizational commitment has an effect on the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational climate and makes the relationship between these two variables stronger. Ethical climate and recognition of ethical values in the organization lead to ethical behaviors. Furthermore, ethical climate plays a fundamental role in receiving organizational rewards and benefits, implementing organizational procedures and decisions, dealings, and interactions. Employees who find high satisfaction and commitment in the organization, their understanding of the ethical climate in the organization increases. The results of the structural equation analysis test on the proposed research model showed that the model had a good and acceptable fit and all paths (hypotheses) were confirmed with high confidence. The results showed that if the librarians have job satisfaction, they can have a positive understanding of the ethical climate in the library, spend more time there and show a high commitment to performing their duties.

Concentrate, note-taking, reading texts increase ability, analysis, and critical thinking increasing, prepare the preliminaries of learning, and one way to help children become familiar with learning issues is by paying attention to children's visual literacy. This study aims to study the effect of teaching visual literacy on the learning skills of 7-10-year-old children referred to the Public Library of Mohammad Rasoolullah (PBUH) Javanrood.

This quasi-experimental study was performed using a pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all 7-10-year-old members of Mohammad Rasoolullah Public Library in Javanrood in 2018-2019. They were selected by convenience sampling method. 15 persons were considered the experimental group for teaching visual literacy and 15 persons as the control group. The research tool was Kangas Learning Skills Questionnaire (2009) and Lupatska et al (2018) visual literacy questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of learning skills and its components (note taking, memory enhancement, exam preparation, concentration enhancement, and time management) in children who received visual literacy education and children who did not receive then education; teaching visual literacy has led to an increase in their learning skills.

Due to the importance of teaching visual literacy to enhance children's learning skills, teaching visual literacy can be considered an effective program in public libraries. Therefore, it requires careful and coherent planning.

Insulin is an essential factor that controls female reproductive system. Insulin signaling via Foxo1 and Akt1 can improve steroidogenesis, cell proliferation, and protein synthesis. We aimed to determine the effect of insulin on possible changes in gene expression, hormonal status, and histological aspects of the ovary following the induction of the animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this experimental study, 24 adult female NMRI mice weighing 25-30 g were randomly placed in three groups: control, PCOS (60 mg/kg dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for 20 days, and PCOS+insulin (60 mg/kg DHEA for 20 days+100 μL insulin diluted in water twice a week for 30 consecutive days). Blood specimens were obtained from the heart and the serum levels of testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol were measured. Right, and left ovaries were removed for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and stereological study. DHEA injection significantly amplified the concentration of testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol. While insulin treatment amended the level of reproductive hormones. DHEA injection significantly reduced the expression levels of Irs1-4, Pdk1, Pi3k, and Akt1-3 and raised the expression level of Caspase-3. However, insulin administration amplified expression levels of Irs1-4, Pdk1, Pi3k, and Akt1-3, and reduced Caspase-3. The total volume of ovarian tissue in mice receiving DHEA significantly declined compared to the control group. Besides, a substantial decrease was detected in the number of ovarian antral, Graafian, and primordial follicles and also in the total number of corpus luteum following DHEA administration. Comparison of structural alterations in ovarian tissue between the PCOS+insulin and the PCOS groups displayed that insulin administration improved the total number of Graafian, primordial, and antral follicles and also corpus luteum. In general, short-term insulin treatment showed improvement in hormonal balance, folliculogenesis, and insulin resistance in the ovaries of the PCOS mice model.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine the users expectations of the public libraries of Kermanshah in the technology age.

Methedology:

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population included all the members of public libraries in Kermanshah. A simple random sampling method was used and 377 subjects were selected as the sample size based on the Cochran formula.

Findings:

In the technology age, users expect the dimensions of staff and librarians and technology to be at a desirable (above average) level. The expectations of users in the dimensions of resources, innovation, entrepreneurship and reference services are at an unsatisfactory (less than average) level and the expectations of outsourcing are modest. Comparison of the average rankings showed that the highest expectations were obtained from the viewpoint of users in the dimensions of librarians and staff and technology services, respectively. Friedman test results showed that users' expectations of public library services differed in importance and priority.

Libraries have poor performance in attracting different classes and have not been able to meet their expectations in the technology age.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to predict the study rate by cultural intelligence, social factors and lifestyle in public library members in Sanandaj city.

 The research method was correlational survey. In this research, formal validity was applied. setting up the questionnaires, to review and comment on the questionnaires, they were presented to a few experts then their comments and corrections were made. 381 persons were selected by class-random sampling methods.Questionnaires were used to data gathering. Regression was used for data analysis.

research finding indicated that the predictive power of cultural intelligence and social factors for prediction of rate of studying was statistically significant, but there was no significance relationship between lifestyle and the rate of studying members in Sanandaj public libraries.Conclusion. The coefficients of variable regression of social factors showed that this variable can explain the variance of the variable of the study rate significantly.

Despite the importance of cultural intelligence topic, no observed and it was identified that cultural intelligence is needed skills to adapt to new situations and it confirms that people with high cultural intelligence has higher ability in studing, reading and problems solving.

Due to increasing the amount of information and the importance of applying images in various fields, the significance of visual literacy is obvious and research showed that visual literacy has a positive effect on learning. So, the purpose of this study was to determine the importance of visual literacy and to identify the necessity of its use in education and learning, as well as to dictate the components of visual literacy to improve learning.

Using the library method and utilizing descriptive research method, the literature in the field of visual literacy has been reviewed

Visual literacy is typically considered as an ability to evaluate, analyze and interpret the meanings of images and their use, also as a main concept is contemplated.

Visual literacy standards help us study, analyze, understand, and recognize visual elements based on a reasonable and pre-defined framework. It makes people benefit more appropriately from information resources in the form of symbols and images. The concept of visual literacy is evolving and requires more advanced tools. Therefore, students must be acquainted with the tools of this technique.

The concept of health literacy is a cognitive and social skill that determines the motivation and ability of individuals to access, understand and use information in a way that maintains and promotes their health.The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between health literacy, resilience and mental health of Kermanshah public librarians.

The research method was survey. The statistical population consists of Kermanshah public librarians. The questionnaires of Montazeri et al., Goldberg & Hillier and Connor & Davidson were used to collect data and measure the variables of health literacy, mental health and resilience, respectively. The validity of these questionnaires was confirmed using the opinions of five professors in the field of information science and the reliability of these questionnaires was calculated through Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze the data and fit the model, frequency distribution tables and structural equation modeling in Warp Piels software were used.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between health literacy and librarians 'mental health as well as between librarians' health literacy and resilience. Finally, it was found that resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between health literacy and mental health.

Since librarians' mental health has a great impact on their services, so discovering and strengthening the factors affecting mental health can have a significant impact on improving the organizational performance of public libraries. Based on the findings, it seems that focusing on improving librarians' mental health by increasing health literacy and, consequently, their resilience to achieve more appropriate outcomes, is an important issue that has a mutually reinforcing effect.

The aim of this study was to identify the effective factors involved in the scientific outputs of public librarians in Kermanshah Province.

The research was applied in a survey method. The research population included 235 librarians of public libraries in Kermanshah province. The research sample was 146 librarian based on Cochran's formula. The data gathering tool was Ebegbulam and Jacintha (2016) questionnaire, which after validation was distributed among the research sample. Simple random sampling method was used. Descriptive statistical methods and inferential were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that the research outoput among librarians was low. Responses in the motivational sector, have declared "the desire to promote themselves in the field of occupational activity" and "personal interest in research" as the most important motivational factors, respectively. In section of factors influence the increase in research, the " The desire to upgrade and progress" and "the desire to improve their performance in the workplace" are the most important factors. The barriers of doing research, the "lack of motivation for librarians to do research" and " Lack of fluency in foreign languages" were the most important obstacles. Also, "allocation of research funding to librarians" was the most effective way of increasing the scientific production of librarians.

Providing incentive programs for librarians to do research, preparing facilities for their education continuing and setting up research groups based on librarians, is proposed to plan for the development of scientific and research capabilities of the them.

The purpose of this research is to draw the knowledge structure of Iranian higher education studies based on articles in the Islamic world citation database and this study is of an applied type by nature and has been done using the co-occurrence analysis method of words. The research community includes all articles published in three journals in the field of higher education, "Higher Education Curriculum Studies, Higher Education Research and Planning, and Higher Education Letters" and all articles in which the word "higher education" And are indexed in the Islamic World Science Citation Database. The data analysis software that was used include: SPSS, Ucinet, Bibe Excel and Vos viewer software. The findings showed that the keywords higher education, curriculum planning and university had the highest frequency with 497, 82 and 57. The results of the dendrogram diagram formed four thematic clusters that include higher education strategies, factors affecting the improvement of higher education, knowledge management in the higher education system and the factors affecting it and the higher education system. The data obtained from the strategic chart show that interdisciplinary curriculum planning, organizational culture, flexibility, localization, educational technology and learning are emerging topics. Overall, the research is very comprehensive, and researchers have focused on topics of varying scope.

The purpose was to determine the attitude of Illam’s public librarians regarding online privacy.

This is an applied survey research.  Out of the population of public Librerians in Illam,  136 public librarians were selected as a sample. Toman and McKinnon (2018) questionnaire was the intruemnt used to collect data. The questionnaire reliability of 0.91   was obtained through Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze the data, frequency distribution tables and chi-square test were used by SPSS.

Librarians are concerned that government and corporations collect a great deal of personal information about them, and believe that government agencies and institutions should not share individuals' personal information with third parties except with the individual's consent.

There is an increased concerns about privacy in the libraries, which has amplified over the last five years. Public libraries do not teach online privacy expertise to users and librarians. Also, some librarians believe that libraries have no policy on protecting users' privacy. Public libraries in Ilam province should take additional stern measures to protect the online privacy of librarians and users and formulate policies in this area, as well as explain the existing policies to the librarians.

Due to the increasing volume of information in today's world and the need to use images in various fields, we can no longer afford to ignore the importance of visual literacy as much information is included and conveyed through images. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of digital image guide method on visual literacy. A quasi-experimental research method with pre-test post-test control group design was used to answer the research questions. The research began by assessing the visual literacy of the experimental and the control groups via a visual literacy questionnaire (the pre-test). The experimental group then received 9 sessions of 30-minute training through description of digital images, known as the Digital Image Guide, while the control received no special treatment. The images used in this study were selected from Getty Images and Flickr sites. Afterwards, the two groups took the same visual literacy questionnaire (the post-test). The obtained data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed that the mean of visual literacy components in the post-test of the experimental group had a significant increase compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be said that the Digital Image Guide (i.e. the method of describing digital images) had a positive and significant effect on students' visual literacy and its components. People need to be able to understand and visualize the messages in the images and educational systems, which are usually based on traditional methods, need to take that point into account and teach visual literacy to students so that they can understand concepts as it would enhance their learning.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of digital image guide, a method of teaching in the field of visual literacy, on improving Iranian EFL learners’ intercultural communicative competence. This study employed quasi-experimental research design with pre-test/post-test control group. The participants were drawn from a pool of first semester students of Knowledge and Information Science major at Razi University of Kermanshah in the academic year 1399. The participants who were attending a mandatory general English course were selected via convenient sampling method. Twenty-two learners qualified to take part in the study, with 11 being assigned to the experimental group and 11 to the control group. The two groups were first pre-tested on their intercultural communicative competence, and then the experimental group received nine 30-minute training sessions which involved the use of digital image guide. The images used in this study were selected from Getty Images and Flickr sites The two groups were post-tested on their intercultural communicative competence at the end of the treatment period. The obtained data were statistically analyzed to determine the effect of the treatment, that is, the improvement in the learners’ intercultural communicative competence. Analysis of covariance showed a significant difference between experimental and control group concerning the mean scores on the pre- and post-test, meaning that using the digital images guide helped improve the learners’ intercultural communicative competence and its components.

Social capital is an important factor affecting the creativity, productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness of the organization. Concerning the growth of communities and organizations, increasing the quality of services, increasing employee motivation, success in competition, reducing costs, job satisfaction, resources waste, and the reduction of a bureaucracy affect and encourage pragmatism that is needed further investigation. Therefore, it can be said that social capital can play a key role in the emergence of organizational creativity and organizational efficiency in librarians. Given the importance of libraries in society and the prominent role of librarians, especially librarians in public libraries in promoting the public culture of a society, investigating the relationship between social capital and organizational efficiency and organizational creativity, especially among librarians in public libraries seems necessary.

The present study applied and survey-correlation method is used. The statistical population of this study consisted of 260 librarians of public libraries in Kermanshah province, of which 155 were selected as a sample. Data were collected using Chang and Chung Social Capital Questionnaire (2011), Torrance Organizational Creativity (1959), and Pinprayong & Siengtai, Organizational Performance Questionnaire (2012). The reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.76, 0.81, and 0.72, respectively. To analyze the data, frequency distribution table, mean and standard deviation, structural equation modeling, and Bootstrap method were used in Amos software and multiple linear regression in SPSS software.

The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between social capital and organizational creativity and organizational efficiency. Also, organizational creativity does not play a mediating role in the relationship between social capital and organizational efficiency. Finally, the findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between all three dimensions of social capital (relational, structural, and cognitive) with organizational creativity and organizational efficiency.

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that social capital affects the organizational creativity of librarians in public libraries in Kermanshah province. Therefore, it is suggested to the managers of public libraries of Kermanshah province to consider the sense of friendship and intimacy, cooperation and cohesion among librarians and to strengthen the factors affecting it in the organization to increase the organizational creativity of librarians. Also, it was found that social capital affects the organizational efficiency of public librarians in Kermanshah province. Therefore, it is suggested to the managers of public libraries of Kermanshah province, instead of exorbitant costs to increase the efficiency and productivity of the organization, to improve the internal organizational conditions. Consequently, increasing the organizational efficiency of librarians and the efficiency of the public library will occur.

Whether employees have control over job stress, their mental health, and organizational commitment will increase. One of the main factors for measuring the superiority of one organization to another one is its employees. Commitment and the mental health of employees increase job performance, productivity, and effectiveness of the organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of job stress with mental health and organizational commitment in employees of Ilam province public librarians.
The present research was a descriptive correlational study that was conducted by a survey method. The statistical population of this study included 123 employees of Ilam province public librarians. Mayer and Allen’s Organizational Commitment (1990), Goldberg’ General Health (1972), and Cooper et al.’ Job Stress (1988) Qquestionnaires were used for data gathering. The reliability of all questionnaires was calculated through Cronbach's alpha. Sstructural equation modeling in Lisrel software was used for data analysis.
 
 Results showed that, there was no significant relationship between job stress and mental health. The relationship of job stress and organizational commitment was negative and significant.
 
Results showed that job stress decreases organizational commitment, therefore, libraries managers should pay attention to this issue, and  should try to reduce the job stress of the workplace.

Knowledge creation in libraries with integrating knowledge capital and directly influencing organizational concepts, like customer care and organizational culture promotion can lead to the new knowledge. With particular attention to librarians as key pillars of libraries, the atmosphere of knowledge and creativity improves and it provides better services to users and improves services efficiency and effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors enabling knowledge and knowledge creation among librarians in public libraries of Kurdistan province.

The research is an applied survey. Koloniari, Vraimaki and Fassoulis questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population consisted of all 120 public librarians of Kurdistan province in 2018.  Data were analyzed by statistical frequency, mean, variance, standard deviation, skewness, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests and the Durbin Watson test. 

Among the factors related to knowledge creation in public libraries, the implementation of knowledge strategy, organizational culture and information technology (with mean rate of 2.98), organizational structure (with mean rate of 2.87) and HRM (with mean rate of 2.2) are effective. In addition, there is a significant relationship between the implementation of knowledge strategy, organizational culture, organizational structure, human resource management and information technology with knowledge creation.

Due to an increasing competition among organizations, it is necessary for public library managers to consider the process of creating knowledge. The more creation and use of knowledge done at a faster pace and quality, the competitive advantage of the organization will be formed more than ever. Regarding the four types of knowledge creation and strategies, it is essential for librarians to convene regular meetings and it is also important to retrain knowledge and participate in seminars in order to be acquainted with modern knowledge.

New applications of studies to draw the structure of science includes, clustering concepts and identifying new fields of studies. This study was co-word analysis of intellectual structure of knowledge in the field of throbbing headaches.

This study was a scientometric that was conducted through co-word and social network analysis techniques. The data consisted of the total scientific production of throbbing headaches indexed in the Web of Science from 2005 to 2017 with 35050 records. After unifying, the co-wording matrix was provided and through cluster analysis method the data were analyzed.

The results revealed that the most often word was migraine keyword in the field of throbbing headaches. Also, the results of hierarchical clustering by the Ward method led to the formation of nine clusters in this area. The major clusters were Intracranial hypotension, Headache and treatment, Nervous stimulation and headache, and Traumatic injury. The density and degree centrality of the cluster ranking from the analysis of the co-word indicated that the vertigo cluster has the highest concentration and anxiety cluster of the highest density.

The co-word analysis can uncover the intellectual structure of scientific disciplines. Due to the frequency of obtained keywords and clusters, the results of the two-dimensional scale showed that the matic areas of Tolerability and Nervous stimulation and headache are the most important emerging fields.

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of Online Privacy Literacy (OPL) of students in Razi University and its relationship with individual characteristics. The present study was an applied and survey method and also the statistical population of this study included 11268 of Razi University students in the academic year 99-98. The sample size was 372 members using Morgan table and stratified random sampling method. Hence, a researcher-made online privacy literacy questionnaire with 4 components (knowledge of online service providers, knowledge of technical aspects, awareness of rules, and awareness of personal control strategies) was used to collect the research data. Then, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.873). Moreover, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the findings. The findings indicated that the level of online literacy of students was seen under the average level. The highest value was belonged to the component of "social skills" and the lowest to the "awareness of data protection laws". Also, educational level and experience of internet use were significantly associated with online privacy, and more educated, and long-term individuals were more likely to use the Internet.  However, there was no significant relationship between gender, age, and duration of Internet use and online privacy. Considering the importance of increasing online privacy literacy in order to maintain internet privacy, therefore, necessary training and measures should be considered to promote online privacy.

The present research studies the effect of social capital with intellectual capital and Knowledge management in Iran insurance company.

The descriptive-correlational research method is a type of survey that considered a time-consuming cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this research is all the staff (140 people) of Iran insurance company in Kermanshah province. The statistical sample of the study was 80 people using Morgan table. For collecting data, Bontis, Cho and Richardson’s standard questionnaire, Quinn 's knowledge management standard questionnaire, and Kheirkhah’s social capital questionnaire were used. The reliability of the test tool was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method, respectively social capital (0.73), intellectual capital (0.81) and knowledge management (0.79). To analyze the data, LISREL software and SPSS were used.

Analysis of the test results of structural equations confirms the main hypotheses of the research; That is, in general, there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and intellectual capital and knowledge management. Also, the analysis of multiple linear regression results showed that the research hypotheses are confirmed. In other words, there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of social capital (relational dimension, cognitive dimension and structural dimension) with intellectual capital and knowledge management.

Based on the findings of this study, social capital can be considered as one of the capabilities of the organization and can help a lot in creating and sharing knowledge in the intellectual capital and knowledge management of the organization.