yahya mohammadi

Research indicates that certain demographic groups, including girls, often experience lower-than-average levels of mental well-being. Therefore, it appears that one approach to enhancing mental health is by teaching resilience skills.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of resilience training on the mental health dimensions of sixth-grade female students in Qaynat city during the academic year 2021 - 2022.

The study employed an experimental design with a control group, conducting pre- and post-tests. The statistical population comprised female sixth-grade students from an elementary school in Qaynat City. Thirty female students exhibiting high scores on measures of depression, anxiety, and stress were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups, with 15 participants in each group. The experimental group underwent resilience training consisting of 8 sessions. The desired variables were measured using Lovibond and Lovibond's Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software through independent samples t-tests and paired t-tests.

The findings revealed that the resilience training intervention significantly reduced symptoms of depression (F = 11.542), anxiety (F = 13.67), and stress (F = 6.01) in the experimental group (P = 0.001).

The results suggest that participation in a resilience training program can improve students' mental health. Therefore, implementing such intervention programs in the form of workshops and establishing counseling and support groups may be beneficial for enhancing students' mental well-being.

Many patients face anxiety and depression after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, which affects mortality, morbidity, and re-hospitalization. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of depression and associated factors in pre- and post-operative coronary artery bypass graft patients.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on open heart surgery patients in educational hospitals affiliated with Birjand University of Medical Sciences from April 2017 to December 2018. It was carried out on 101 patients who were hospitalized in the cardiac surgery ward of the hospital. Data collection tools consisted of a demographic characteristics form, a medical information survey of patients, and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Then, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) through Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's correlation coefficient tests. The significance level was considered at P=0.05.

The majority of people did not have depression before the operation (40.6%); however, after the operation, the majority of them had a mild level of depression (42.6%). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of depression before and after the operation (P=0.001). There is a weak and significant direct correlation between the level of white blood cells and depression score before surgery (P=0.032, r=0.214). There was a weak inverse correlation between hemoglobin level (P=0.011, r=-0.253) and hematocrit (P=0.041, r=-0.203) with preoperative depression score. There was a weak inverse correlation between creatinine (P=0.001, r=-0.328) and blood urea nitrogen (P=0.048, r=-0.197) levels with postoperative depression scores.

There was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of depression before and after the operation; accordingly, with the pre-operation evaluation, it is possible to identify the patients at risk of post-operation depression, and with preventive psychiatric counseling and psychological interventions, emotional stress can be reduced, thereby minimizing the economic and medical costs.

The deviation factors of teenagers and young people cause illicit relationships between boys and girls. Boys and girls can communicate with each other within the legal limits. Communication outside the legal rules of Islam is a sin and illegitimate. Based on this, the goal of the researcher is to investigate the factors affecting the tendency of young people to have an illicit relationship in South Khorasan province. According to the objectives, the research method is applied and according to the method of data collection, it is descriptive and survey. In order to collect information in a library format, as well as a researcher-made questionnaire on the factors affecting the illicit relationship was used. The studied population was all young people between 18 and 30 years old in South Khorasan province. The studied sample was estimated to be 420 people based on Cochran's formula, who were selected by random sampling. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency) and inferential statistics from linear regression test were used for analysis. The results showed that family, social, marriage, personal, communication factors cause illicit relationship among young people; But between environmental factors, age and education of young people, it was not significant with the illegitimate relationship of young people. Also, there is a tendency towards illicit relationship among young boys more than girls and among single young people more than married ones. Measures should be taken by educators, cultural, military and government officials so that youths and teenagers grow harmoniously and proportionately in various physical, sexual, intellectual, social, emotional and economic dimensions.

The prevalence of COVID-19 disease has made virtual education more widespread and has posed daunting challenges to the quality of education and the student-teacher relationship. The present study aimed to assess the impact of the integrated method of small groups and mind mapping compared to lectures on the learning and satisfaction of pharmacy students in the Herbal Medicine course during COVID-19.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 33 pharmacy students of  Birjand University of Medical Sciences in the herbal medicine course in the academic year 2021-2022. The students were considered the control group (lecture) in the first semester and the experimental group (integrated) in the second semester. Data related to the final score, questionnaires of students' satisfaction, and motivation were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21) using independent T-test and descriptive statistics.

There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender; nonetheless, they were heterogeneous in terms of age. The final score of the integrated group (15.19±2.69) was significantly higher than that of the lecture group (11.45±2.53) (P=0.001). However, students in the lecture group had higher motivation (48.72±4.77)  compared to the integrated group (42.81±5.59) (P=0.005). In addition, the lecture-based group reported significantly higher satisfaction scores (39.81±3.42) compared to the integrated group (31. 7±18.69) (P=0.001).

The integrated model of small groups and mind mapping in the herbal medicine course was more effective than the lectures. To increase student satisfaction and motivation in mind mapping, appropriate measures should be considered.

Sheep producers would benefit from the opportunity to change offspring sex ratio towards their preferred gender. For example, male lambs have higher average daily gain and better carcass quality than female lambs. Thereby reaching a higher market weight over a set time period. However, sheep interprises require breeding females, which may lead to a higher sale price of first-cross ewes at weaning. Maternal nutrition has potential to affect many aspects of reproduction outcomes including ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, embryo survival and sex ratio of offspring. It has been indicated that some dietary nutrients including glucose and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as total energy could affect offspring sex ratio in different mammalian species. The influence of dietary mineral balance affect offspring sex ratio in sow and ewe. Experiments on pre- and postconception mechanisms demonstrated that these mechanisms influence the sex ratio in mouse embryos. Some studies based on theories that sperm carrying the X or Y chromosome favored different vaginal pH. Therefore, it has been suggested that the pH of the vagina at the time of fertilization may have a differential effect on X- or Y- sperm, thus affecting the sex of the offspring. Feeding a negative dietary cation- anion difference (DCAD) in prepartum dairy cows improves Ca metabolism in the peripartum cow through instigating a mild metabolic acidosis via feeding excess dietary anions. We hypothesized that feeding diet with negative DCAD around mating would decrase the pH of veginal fluid and subsequently might affect lamb sex ratio in Kurdish ewes. Therfore, the aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary DCAD of flushing diet around mating on plasma metabolites and hormones concentrations and reproductive performance of Kurdish ewes as well as lamb sex ratio.

 Eighty four Kurdish ewes with average BW of 40±5 kg, BCS of 2.75±0.25 and 2-4 years were used. Ewes were divided into two similar groups and randomly assigned to experimental diets. Experimental diets consisted of 1- cationic diet (diet with DCAD of +193 mEq/kg of DM) and 2- anionic diet (diet with DCAD of -21 mEq/kg of DM). Ewes fed experimental diets from 2 weeks before estrous synchronization till 3 weeks after mating. Estrous of ewes were synchronized by 9-d intravaginal sponge and intramuscular injection of 5 mL vetaroline at the day of sponge removal. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein using 10-mL evacuated tube containing sodium heparin at the day before the beginning of experiment, at the day of sponge removal and at the day of estrous and mating. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, total protein, urea nitrogen, glucose, triglyceride, insulin, progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium were determined.

 Experimental diets had no effect on estrous response, fertility rate, lambing rate, twining rate and birth BW and sex of lambs. Ewes fed anionic diet had higher plasma progesterone and lower estradiol levels at the days of sponge removal and estrous than those fed cationic diet (P<0.05). Plasma concentrations of total protein, glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium did not influence by DCAD of flushing diet. Whereas, feeding anionic diet around mating decreased plasma concentration of total cholesterol and triglyceride and increased urea nitrogen (P<0.05).

 According to these results, feeding flushing diet with different DCAD around mating had no effect on lamb sex ratio in Kurdish ewes.

Background and

Among the issues and social harms that have importance and priority in study, research and social action, is the issue of individual and collective conflicts that may happen in military institutions. Based on this, the aim of the present study is to investigate the attitude of the employees of the units of South Khorasan province regarding the issue of assault. Research

This study is based on practical purpose and is descriptive and survey in nature. The research population includes all the employees of the units of South Khorasan province, which is 606 people based on Cochran's formula and estimated by sampling method. Stratified random sampling were selected. To collect information from the researcher-made questionnaire, 25 questions are used to measure the attitude towards assault. The face validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the judges and employees of the judicial organization, the inspection and judicial officials of the units, and the university professors. Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. SPSS 24 software and descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. 

The results showed that the level of attitude of duty workers was mostly high (81.2%). Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the level of attitude among the duty workers in the units of South Khorasan province. 

According to the obtained result, it is possible to make optimal use of the existing situation; With the explanation that each unit raised its level of awareness by identifying traumatic places (rows: Salaf, leaving the unit, etc.)

The process of entrepreneurship and creativity are the main current principles in human life at the beginning of the third millennium AD; therefore, it is considered one of the most important goals of educational organizations. Preparing students to enter society effectively will not be provided unless creativity is cultivated among them. Therefore, the present study was conducted to use the effect of the constructivist teaching method on students’ creative thinking and entrepreneurship.

In this interventional study, 40 female students in sixth grade were selected by available sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 20 (20 in the intervention group and 20 in the control group). Then, the intervention group was given the necessary training for 5 one-hour sessions. The investigated variables were collected from demographic questionnaires, Abedi’s creativity , and Lumpkin and Dess’s  tendency to entrepreneurship through pre-test and post-test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 25) and descriptive statistical methods of covariance test.

In terms of parents’ education level and household income, no difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). The average score of creative thinking in the intervention group increased from 67.55 before the intervention to 75.75 after the intervention; however, in the control group, the average score decreased from 20.68 in the pre-test to 55.61 in the post-test. Additionally, the average score of entrepreneurial tendency in the intervention group increased from 43.75 before the intervention to 54.50 after the intervention; however, in the control group, the average score increased from 40.10 to 42.50.

The constructivist teaching method plays a significant role in the learning approach. In addition, the use of this method can be effective in increasing the tendency to entrepreneurship. Considering the importance of entrepreneurship, teaching constructivist courses in universities and schools is appropriate.

During the winter months in most parts of Iran, the external temperature often drops below 0 °C. Typically, these temperatures fall below the optimal conditions for chick growth, resulting in cold stress and potential diseases. This can subsequently impact meat quality negatively and reduce breeding efficiency. The environmental temperature beyond the upper and lower limit of the thermoneutral zone is supposed to produce heat or cold stress in animals (Meltzer, 1983). The adverse climatic condition produces physiological stress which has profound economic influence on the productive efficiency including health and disease resistant capacity (Phuong et al., 2016). Exposure of poultry birds to extreme temperature stressor modulates the immune responsiveness and hematic-biochemical parameters of birds (Hangalapura et al., 2004). Among all the environmental stressors, cold stress induces physiological responses which are of high priority and energy demanding for homeotherms. Cold temperature can increase ascites susceptibility by increasing both metabolic oxygen requirements and pulmonary hypertension (Stolz et al., 1992). The biggest obstacle in raising broilers at high altitudes and cold conditions is the ascites syndrome. This condition can be characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity and elevated mortality that tends to peak between 4-6 weeks of age (James, 2005). The International Biochar Initiative (2017) defines biochar as, “Solid material obtained from thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygenlimited environment.” Biochar is an ash substance that is produced from the burning of biological material via pyrolysis. This process heats the biological material in an anaerobic environment causing it to decompose into an ash form. Growth promotion and therapeutic antibiotics have been used to compensate for the high levels of stress, including cold stress,that can be present in intensive animal production. Stress can lower resistance to many of the microorganisms present in the environment; however, stress in general has been reported to have variable effects on the immune system and can both enhance and suppress responses (Siegel, 1995); cold stress has been shown to both stimulate and suppress chickens’ immune response (Regnier and Kelley, 1981; Hangalapura et al., 2006). Probiotics contain live microorganisms and spores which when administered in adequate amount, confer health benefits to the host. Bacillus subtilis (B. Subtilis) and Bacillus licheniformis (B. Licheniformis) are the two most widely used strains of probiotic bacteria in animal diets. Oral administration of B. Subtilis and B. Licheniformis can have a myriad of beneficial effects, such as improved growth and meat characteristics, optimized composition of intestinal microbiota, prevention of some diarrheal diseases, and reduced stresses. For such benefits, B. Subtilis and B. Licheniformis have attracted considerable attention as a potentially beneficial dietary supplement for animal health.  For the many negative effects of antibiotic drugs used in chick production, we want to compare the positive effects of some additives on performance of cold-stressed broiler chickens.

In this experiment, in order to examine the effect of solid waste biochar, probiotic and zeolite on improvement of performance, blood indices and small intestine morphology of broiler chickens reared under cold stress, in a completely randomized design, 315 Ross-308 broiler chickens (as hatched) were allocated to 7 treatments, 5 replicates and 9 birds in each in cold and warm houses. Treatments are including: 1) positive control (basal diet in recommended temperature), 2) negative control (basal diet + cold stress), 3-7) negative control + %0.5, %0.75 and 1% solid waste biochar, 0.02% probiotic Ecobacto-P and 1% zeolite, respectively. In cold stress groups, house temperature decreased to 17° C from 7d until end of the experiment (42d).

As compared to group reared in warm house, cold stress significantly decreased broiler chickens daily FI and BWG, serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations, thymus relative weight, lymphocyte percentage, breast and thigh meat pH, breast meat redness (b) and thigh meat yellowness (a) while increased total and ascitic mortality, red and white blood cell count, blood hemoglobin, heterophile percentage and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, antibody titter against SRBC, breast and thigh meat whiteness and breast meat MDA concentration (P < 0.05).

In order to orthogonal contrast analysis between negative control group and additive groups, solid waste biochar, probiotic or zeolite couldn’t improve broiler chicken’s growth performance, breast and thigh meat quality parameters, blood metabolites concentration and cell count and did not ameliorate negative effects of cold stress.

Academic progress and self-confidence are key variables in educational systems that provide the basis for the growth and promotion of students' knowledge, attitude and skills, and the family's educational method can provide the basis for the flourishing and improvement of these variables. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between family parenting methods and self-confidence and academic progress of sixth grade female students in Bejestan city in the academic year of 2011-2012. In terms of the purpose of the present research, it is of an applied type, and in terms of the method of data collection, it is a descriptive research of the correlation type. The statistical population of the current study was 260 sixth grade female students in Bejestan, 150 of them were selected by purposive sampling and according to the entry criteria using the Chrissy-Morgan table. In this research, in order to measure the desired variables from Bamarind's parenting styles questionnaire (1973); Morris Rosenberg's self-esteem questionnaire (1965) and students' grade point average at the end of the semester were used as academic progress, and at the end, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software by Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results showed that authoritative parenting style has a significant positive relationship with self-confidence and academic achievement, but the two styles of permissive and authoritarian parenting had a significant negative relationship with self-confidence and academic achievement (P=0.001). Also, variance analysis was able to explain 12% of the variance of academic achievement and 15% of the variance of self-confidence. According to the obtained results, it can be said that using an authoritative parenting style (warm and controlling) makes a person experience less anxiety in social situations and deal with different academic situations with more calmness and self-confidence, and ultimately progress And the academic success of the person increases.

Preschool curriculum has an effective and decisive role in fulfilling the goals and missions of education in terms of quality and quantity. Therefore, one of the effective factors in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the educational system can be considered as the result of special attention to this program. Based on this, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effect of the preschool curriculum on the development of social and moral skills of the first grade students of Beshravieh in the academic year of 1400-1401. This research is an applied research in terms of its goals and a causal-comparative research in terms of its method. The research population includes all the first grade male students of Beshroi primary school in the academic year of 2001-1401, whose number is 222, and the statistical sample of 136 people was selected by random sampling based on the Karjesi and Morgan table, of which 68 people are members of the community. participated in the preschool course and 68 others did not complete this course. In this research, Matson's Social Skills Questionnaire (1983) and Manavi Pour's Moral Skills Questionnaire (2013) were used to collect information, which had acceptable validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using spss 25 statistical software and t test and MANOVA test were used to answer the research hypotheses. The results of the MANOVA test showed that there is a significant difference between the first grade students who went to preschool and the students who did not go to preschool in all aspects of social skills. (p<0.05) Also, the results of the independent t test showed that there is a significant difference between the moral growth of students with preschool and students without preschool (p<0.05) and the average moral growth in students with preschool course is more than students without preschool course. The findings of this research provide useful information regarding the curriculum of preschool course on increasing the social and moral development of students. Therefore, counselors and psychologists can improve social and moral skills. Students should use this curriculum.

Adolescent mental health needs, particularly among girls, are of utmost importance and encompass social, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive aspects. The objective of this study was, then, to evaluate the impact of mental health education on the happiness of sixth-grade female students.
In this controlled interventional research, the statistical population included 6th-grade female students in Sarakhs City during 2021-2022. 44 female students were selected by the available sampling method and placed into two intervention and control groups with 22 participants in each group. The interventional group underwent 7 sessions of mental health training, while the control group did not intervene. The Oxford Argyle et al. (1989) happiness questionnaire was used and SPSS 25 software was implemented for data analysis using the multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) to measure the desired variables.
According to the results, there was a significant difference, in the post-test, between the interventional and control groups in the examined components, indicating that mental health education has a positive impact on students' happiness (f = 37.30). Also, the results showed statistically significant differences, in the post-test, between the two groups in the positive mood component (F37,1= 8.26; P < 0.05), efficiency (F37,1= 12.58; P < 0.05), satisfaction (F37,1= 21.82; P < 0.05), health (F37,1= 12.99; P < 0.05), and self-esteem (F37,1= 6.78; P < 0.05).
According to the results, the mental health education program was effective in female students and can potentially improve education and quality of life. Therefore, it is recommended to implement mental health training programs for students at other educational levels and in the form of skills training.

Medical students, as a part of the first line of combating COVID-19, have been exposed to harm caused by mental disorders.

This study investigated how stress management training affects the mental health of medical students and interns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

sixteen training and internship students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences from 2020-2021 were included in this intervention study. The intervention group completed the stress management training course in 6 sessions. Mental health dimensions were collected with the SCL90 questionnaire before and after intervention in both groups. SPSS 22 software and Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test were utilized for data analysis.

The basic data showed no significant differences between groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the mean scores of physical complaint, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal relations, depression, anxiety, aggression, fear, paranoid and psychotic dimensions in the intervention group significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In controls, the obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, and aggression dimensions significantly decreased (P < 0.05). However, in controls, there was no significant difference in the mean score of other dimensions before and after intervention (P > 0.05). Before the intervention, the frequency distribution of various levels of sensitivity to interpersonal relationships in the two studied groups was the same (P > 0.05); after the intervention, these levels were significantly different between groups (P < 0.05). After intervention, the control group had a higher frequency distribution of individuals with degrees of depression (P <
0.05).

The mental health of medical internship students during a crisis can be improved by stress management training, which reduces anxiety and depression. Therefore, stress management courses are recommended in stressful situations.

Childhood is a sensitive and important period in life, and is a key period in the formation of people's nutritional habits throughout life. Proper nutrition in teenage students can affect the quality and quantity of their growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a health literacy training program on nutritional behaviors among children in Iran.

In this study, carried out using an interventional method, 30 children were selected by available sampling and divided into two groups by randomized block method. The intervention group received 8 sessions of nutritional health literacy training and the control group did not receive any training. Data were collected using Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25 software and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The implementation of the health literacy training program significantly improved the nutritional behaviors of sixth-grade male students (P=0.001, F=6.57). This improvement was associated with reducing the average scores of the negative dimensions of nutritional behaviors (response to food, complaining, emotional overeating, emotional undereating, and the desire for drinks) and increasing the average scores of the positive dimensions (enjoying food, responding to satiety and eating slowly) (p<0.05).

According to the findings, the health literacy program can be used to improve the dimensions of children's nutritional behaviors along with other treatment options. Therefore, it is recommended to implement similar educational programs for students of other grades and for female students.

Today, the nanotechnology science is wide and it has entered nearly all scientific fields. One of the most important applications of nanotechnology is in medicine, especially in diagnosis of microbes (such as bacteria, fungi and viruses) and treatment of the infections caused by them. Yearly, the microbial infections lead to many medical problems such as increased duration of treatment, increased expenses of treatment, drag resistances, and even increased mortality. Since many years ago, antibiotics have been used in treatment of various infections, but unfortunately, their side effects as well as the resistance to them have always been the key problems. Thus, selection of the most suitable detection methods as well as the most appropriate treatment options for various microbial infections may reduce the crisis. It seems that nanotechnology approaches may efficiently help to diagnose many different microbial infections as well as to combat them, particularly the resistant ones, with no side effects currently caused by the traditional antibiotics.

Academic self-efficacy, which refers to an individual's ability to understand their skills, is an important aspect of self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between academic self-efficacy and psychological well-being in students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran in 2020-2021.

In this cross-sectional study, a census sampling method was used to enroll 315 students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. The data collection tools were standard questionnaires for psychological well-being and academic self-efficacy scale. The validity of the instruments was confirmed in previous research by Khanjani et al. and Saadat et al studies.

The findings showed a significant relationship between students' academic self-efficacy and psychological well-being and its components (p<0.01). This coefficient also showed a relationship between psychological well-being and academic self-efficacy with students' average grade point (p<0.01), but not with their age. The results of an independent t-test showed no significant difference in the mean of psychological well-being and academic self-efficacy between male and female students. However, the analysis of variance test showed a significant difference in the mean of these variables based on the faculty and educational level.

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that higher psychological well-being is associated with higher academic self-efficacy in students. Therefore, it is important to regularly review students' psychological well-being to address any problems in this area.

 Clinical education is known as an essential part of education in medicine and medical education. Beyond factors that can affect the quality of clinical education, academic satisfaction is a factor that can either affect or is affected by the quality of clinical education.

 The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the quality of clinical education and academic satisfaction through medical students’ viewpoints at Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran.

 In the present cross-sectional study, medical students in both the externship and internship courses of Birjand University of Medical Sciences were evaluated with a self-report questionnaire. The quality of clinical education was assessed by a specific scale developed by Rezaei. Academic satisfaction was evaluated by Motlagh et al.’s questionnaire.

 A total of 180 medical students were included in the study. The findings indicated that despite the poor quality of clinical education from the perspective of the studied medical students (P = 0.017), their academic satisfaction with the current situation was acceptable (P = 0.0001). Further correlational analysis revealed a significant relationship between the quality of clinical education and its subgroups with academic satisfaction (P < 0.01).

 It can be concluded that higher clinical education quality leads to higher levels of academic satisfaction among medical students. Therefore, this issue requires continuous revisions of the clinical education curriculum and adherence to improve its outcomes.

In this study, assessed genomic prediction accuracies based on different selection methods (phenotypic and estimated breeding value), evaluation procedures (GBLUP and ssGBLUP),training population (TP) sizes, heritability (h2) levels, marker densities and pedigree error (PE) rates in a simulated population. QMSim software was used to create a reference database of 1000 and number of animals was reduced to 200 (100 males and 100 females) during 95 generations to create LD and mutation-drift equilibrium. The heritability of the trait was 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 and the marker density was simulated for three strategies of 1, 5 and 10 K. The proportions of errors substituted were 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively.The results of this study showed that, compared with phenotypic selection, the results revealed that the prediction accuracies obtained using GBLUP and ssGBLUP increased across heritability levels and TP sizes during EBV selection.With increasing reference population size and trait heritability, genomic prediction accuracy increased in all strategies.When errors were introduced into the pedigree dataset from 0 to 30%, the prediction accuracies were only minimally influenced across all scenarios.Our study suggests that the use of ssGBLUP, EBV sThe results of this study showed that, compared with phenotypic selection, the results revealed that the prediction accuracies obtained using GBLUP and ssGBLUP increased across heritability levels and TP sizes during EBV selection.With increasing reference population size and trait heritability, genomic prediction accuracy increased in all strategies.When errors were introduced into the pedigree dataset from 0 to 30%, the prediction accuracies were only minimally influenced across all scenarios.Our study suggests that the use of ssGBLUP, EBV selection, and high marker density could help improve genetic gainseven in the case of pedigree error in cattle.election, and high marker density could help improve genetic gainseven in the case of pedigree error in cattle.The results of this study showed that, compared with phenotypic selection, the results revealed that the prediction accuracies obtained using GBLUP and ssGBLUP increased across heritability levels and TP sizes during EBV selection.With increasing reference population size and trait heritability, genomic prediction accuracy increased in all strategies.When errors were introduced into the pedigree dataset from 0 to 30%, the prediction accuracies were only minimally influenced across all scenarios.Our study suggests that the use of ssGBLUP, EBV selection, and high marker density could help improve genetic gainseven in the case of pedigree error in cattle.

In today's academic society, the need for new educational methods and their application in teaching and learning seems highly necessary. The present study aims to design, produce, and evaluate the model of earth well with the Kirkpatrick model.

The studied population included 22 occupational health engineering students who had completed an electrical safety course the previous year. The present study was carried out in four phases of design, production, implementation, and evaluation of the educational program. The assessment was based on Kirkpatrick's model in four basic stages: reaction, learning, transfer (behavior), and results. Learning evaluation was done before and after the test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and paired t-tests in SPSS.

The results demonstrated that people's satisfaction in achieving educational goals, attracting attention, and creating motivation for better learning and internalizing knowledge had values ​​of 63.6%, 59%, and 54.5%, respectively, and provided a high (high) satisfaction. The mean and standard deviation of the scores obtained before and after were 3.77±0.57 and 4.47±0.62. Findings indicated a significant difference before and after practical training with the earth well model (P<0.001).

The design and production of the model have had a beneficial effect on the satisfaction, attitude, and behavior of the students. Therefore, it is recommended to pay more attention to the topics of new educational technologies in occupational health and safety, because these things facilitate students' learning and skills and make students' knowledge deeper.

As a poison, nicotine leaves irreparable effects on various tissues of the body, including the reproductive system. Coenzyme Q10 has a tremendous effect in raising the body's antioxidant level and preventing poisoning. In the current study, the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the changes induced by nicotine in the rat ovary was investigated. For this purpose, 32 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8. The rats of the first group (control) were only fed with the usual diet, but the animals of the second group were treated with nicotine at the rate of 0.2 mg/kg, the rats of the third group were treated with coenzyme Q10 at the rate of 75 mg/kg and the animals of the fourth group were treated simultaneously using nicotine and coenzyme Q10 (with the same amounts) through gavage. At the end of the study period (45 days), the animals were euthanised and blood samples were taken for hormonal and antioxidant tests. Also, ovarian tissue was sampled for histological studies. In animals treated with nicotine, there was an increase in follicular atresia, tissue damage, an increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, along with a decrease in the number of ovarian follicles, a decrease in the amount of estrogen and follicle stimulating hormones, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. But in animals receiving nicotine and coenzyme Q10 at the same time, there was a significant improvement in ovarian function and structure. This study shows coenzyme Q10 can play a protective role against oxidative stress and tissue changes caused by nicotine in the ovaries of rats with the mechanism of balancing the antioxidant status and reproductive hormones.

Paying attention to the all-round development of students and teaching values and moral issues is always considered one of the important goals of educational systems in universities. Thus this study aimed to evaluate the internal quality of the Islamic studies courses curriculum based on Ralph Tyler's model and from the students' point of view at Birjand University of Medical Sciences.

This is a descriptive-analytical study. The studied population of Birjand University of Medical Sciences students, based on the table of Karjesi and Morgan, 300 people were selected as a sample using available sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire including 48 questions was used to collect information. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by medical education experts and the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha method was 87%. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16 software and descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (one-sample t and independent t) were used.

The status of internal quality of the curriculum of Islamic education courses in the goal element from the students' point of view was medium to high, but the average (content, teaching and evaluation methods) was lower than the theoretical average (3) and the status of these elements was of low quality (P<0.05).

The curriculum of education courses in universities should always be evaluated and the necessary revision should be done in order to promote the spiritual, moral and all-round development of students.

Considering the importance of diagnosing and prescribing the right medicine by physicians, it is important that due to the shortness of the training period, this is not possible. Clinical pharmacology is increasing the awareness of medical students in managing the use of drugs.

In the year 2021, 34 interns and stagers entered the study at the Razi Specialized-Subspecialized Hospital of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. During the one-month cardiac course, the students visited the patients in the cardiac training clinic one day a week with the presence of a cardiologist and a clinical pharmacologist. There was a discussion about how to prescribe drugs, their side effects, and drug interactions. To evaluate the course, a test before and after the course was conducted to check their learning level. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test.

Thirty-four students (22(65%) stagers, 12(34%) interns, 14(41%) women, 20(59%) men) were included in the study. The results showed that the scores of the students increased after the course (before the course 6±1 and after the course 11±2) and this increase was significant (p<0.001). Besides, the increase in the group of stagers (12±1) was significant (p<0.001), while it was not significant (p = 0.092) in the group of interns (8±1); that is to say, in the group of interns there is a difference in the score before and after the course was not observed, while this difference was significant in the group of stagers.

Integrated educational methods with the presence of clinical expert and clinical pharmacist can play an effective role in improving drug therapy management among medical students and it is recommended to do this method in different groups.

The enhancement, development, and provision of appropriate and efficient human resources in society depend on the educational system. Educational services provided through universities are one of the most important service areas in a given society. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the quality of educational services, satisfaction with education, and academic achievement from the perspective of students at Birjand University of medical sciences.

The research was a descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population included all 1891 students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was estimated n = 320 using Krejcie and Morgan’s table, and the sample was selected via stratified random (relative) sampling method based on the number of students in each faculty. The 27-item SERVQUAL questionnaire, a standard 14-item education satisfaction questionnaire, and the total average of the students were employed for data collection. Data were analyzed in SPSS-18 software using descriptive and inferential tests. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05.

There was a significant difference between the average of the current situation and the desired situation of the quality of educational services and its dimensions from the studentschr('39') perspective (p <0.05). The current quality of educational services and its dimensions were positively associated with the variables of satisfaction with education and academic achievement (p <0.05).

Given the negative gap in all dimensions of the quality of educational services, it is recommended to continuously draw upon the opinions of students who are involved in improving the quality of educational services, and to plan comprehensively for the elimination of the gap between the current situation and the desired situation in accordance with studentschr('39') opinions.

Effect of genetic markers to enhance response to selection for weekly body traits in Japanese quails were investigated using deterministic simulation. The QTL variance for body weight at 0, 1, 3, 4 weeks of age was 1.25, 1.63, 1.18 and 1.13 percent of whole variance, respectively. Due to QTL variance, increased response to selection was 3.16, 2.92, 3.10 and 4.05 g for body weight at 0, 1, 3, 4 weeks of age, respectively. The highest value was related to body weight at 4 weeks of age because of its low heritability. Inbreeding coefficient for breeding programs are decreased because the birds are selected based on own performance generally. Therefore, using genetic markers in breeding programs, is suitable because of enhanced response to selection and decreased inbreeding coefficient in all traits like those with difficult and easily measurement.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) during dry period and calving season on the incidence of metabolic disorders in Holstein cows in Isfahan province.  About 5138 birth records were extracted from different births since 1395. Data included animal number, year of calving, month of calving, length of dry period, length of gestation period, calf birth weight, calf sex, number of calves born per calving, retained placenta, dystocia, stillbirth and metritis. Data were classified into different classes, for uniformity and were analyzed by SAS software using GLIMMIX procedure. The results showed that effect of BCS changes on the incidence of metabolic disorders (retained placenta, dystocia, stillbirth and metritis) was not significant (P>0.05). The effect of parity on retained placenta, dystocia, stillbirth and metritis was significant (P<0.01). Calf birth weight had significant effect on retained placenta (birth weight less than 35 kg and more than 46 Kg), dystocia and stillbirth (calves with birth weight 46 kg) and metritis (P<0.01). Effect of dry period on the incidence of retained placenta (dry period: less than 45 days, 61-100 days and 46-60 days) and dystocia (increasing dry period from 61to 100 days) and metritis (dry period: less than 45 days, 61-100 days and 46-60 days) was significant (P<0.01). The effect of gestation length on the incidence of retained placenta was significant (P<0.01) but had no significant effect on the stillbirth (P>0.05). The effect of calving season on the incidence of retained placenta and metritis was significant (P<0.01).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early nutrition on performance, humoral and cellular immunity in broilers. This experiment was conducted by use of 480 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated in a completely randomized balanced design with eight treatments and four replicates and 15 birds in each replicate for 42 days. The experimental treatments were included: Normal Water + Base Diet for first 72 Hours, Normal Water + Corn Powder first 48 Hours, Water Sugar 5% + Corn Powder first 48 Hours, Water Sugar 5% + Corn Powder first 72 Hours, Water Sugar 5% + Base Diet first 48 Hours, Water Sugar 5% + basic diet for the first 72 hours, gluplus + corn meal for the first 48 hours and gluplus + basal diet for the first 48 hours. The results showed that nutritional treatments had no significant effect on antibody response against sheep red blood cells on days 21 and 42 (P>0.05). The highest average weights of 6- and 7-week old obtained in gluplus+basal diets by 2699.3 and 2827.9 grams, respectively, which did not have a significant difference with normal water + basal diet (2508.5 and 2693.2 grams) (P>0.05). According to the results of this study, nutritional treatment of water with 5% sugar and base diet is recommended due to higher daily gain, lower mortality and better production index in the first 48 hours of feeding broiler chicks.