zahra abedi

Sustainable development and ensuring the safety of fishing agents is a high priority from the stakeholders' point of view. Therefore, financial resource allocation to efficient equipment can prevent damage and reduce costs.

The attention of the stakeholders to the safety of the workers in the marine shrimp fishing sector and sustainable development is desired. In this study, the costs of prevention, detection, and control were investigated along with identifying the beneficiaries, their preference towards safety by the AHP method, and ideal planning of sustainable harvesting. A total of 70 stakeholders were selected from seven different groups, and fishing float costs were estimated.

Paying attention to marine safety is the second priority of the seven goals of the stakeholders of sea fishing, and the fixed costs in the prevention and detection sector related to significant repairs accounted for 1.9% of the total costs.

The marginal cost of the safety sector in fishing activity took a small amount, and the total cost of safety was 4.9%. The marginal cost (changes in costs and damages in the safety department) was introduced as a desirable indicator to express the safety status of this department.

The problems and challenges of the transportation business include environmental pollution, reduced amount and increased cost of energy resources, material and moral harms of increased accidents, surveillance, and management of suburban transportation, increased wasted time, and the quick expansion of transportation needs, particularly during rush hour in the metropolises worldwide today. Progress in public knowledge, better living standards, the increased value of time, and the introduction of novel sciences and technologies regarding this business have led to higher expectations. This phenomenon has become a serious threat from one point of view and a chance for profitable investment from the outlook of marketers and experts. In this respect, the ITS (intelligent transportation system) has been employed to tackle these problems. Hence, this study addressed reducing gasoline consumption using the ITS on Iran's Karaj-Chalous axis. The statistical population of the research includes vehicles moving during the eight busy days of September 2017 from 1 am to 24 pm on the Karaj-Chalous axis. Selective sampling was not performed. The results proved that the ITS decreased the travel time on the Karaj-Chalous axis and, therefore, the gasoline usage.

Sustainable energy development is one of the requirements for the continued growth and sustainable development of societies and humanity. The main purpose of this study is to plan the supply of sustainable electricity by share of each type of the share of different power plants in the country.The methodology of this study is applied based on the purpose and has been done by mixed method (documentary, qualitative and quantitative). This research has been collected and analyzed using the data obtained from the study of documents, using (selected model) MESSAGE software and in the form of three reference scenarios, energy sustainability and high fuel price, the optimal composition of the country's power plant until 2050 has been investigated and proposed.Based on results and the model outputs, the optimal power plant composition in the form of energy sustainability scenario is the priority of combined cycle, nuclear and renewable power plants, respectively. Also, according to the findings, nuclear power plants are in the second place in the reference scenario and the sustainability scenario, and in the third place in the fuel price increase scenario. The results obtained from this study, considering the need for sustainable development of electricity in the country and according to the upstream documents and laws, it is necessary to prioritize the development of power plants, respectively.

This study aimed to estimate the environmental effects of reducing CO2 emissions by using ITS in Iran (Case study of Karaj-Chalous axis). The present research is applied in terms of purpose-based classification. The idea of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a particular field. Furthermore, this research is descriptive-correlational in terms of method and nature. The statistical population of this study is the vehicles traveling during the eight busy days of September from 1 am to 00:00 in the Karaj-Chalous axis in 1398 during the study time. No other specific sampling was performed. All calculations and analyzes were performed using Excel and 10Eviews software. The results revealed that the application of the intelligent transportation system had decreased travel time on the Karaj-Chalous axis and, therefore, reduced the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The outcomes indicated that the use of the intelligent transportation system (ITS) during the eight days of the research had decreased 10129069 kg of carbon dioxide emissions in the Karaj-Chalous axis.

Improving health and the environment is one of the components of development, social welfare, and economic growth. Another influential factor in increasing health costs and reducing social welfare is work-related accidents and diseases, which impose high costs on individuals, industries, and the national economies of countries. Therefore, using multi-criteria decision-making methods, the present study provided a conceptual model to identify and rank work-related diseases’ environmental and health costs.

The present study was conducted in 2023. A classification model for the economic evaluation of environmental and health costs of occupational diseases was developed to achieve the study’s aim. In the current research, the Delphi method was used to identify health and environmental criteria, and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) was used to weight the sub-criteria. Finally, the cost of health and the environment was estimated based on the available information. Naft Tehran Hospital (NSHT) was also selected as a case study site.

The results showed that the drug and medical equipment cost factor, with a weight of 0.312 in the treatment sector, and the particular and infectious waste cost factor, with a weight of 0.085, were the most critical factors in the economic evaluation. Also, the parametric model results showed that 99.84% of the total costs are related to health costs, and 0.16% are related to environmental costs. In general, the results of this research showed that 61.3% of the costs of the health sector are related to the two sectors of medicine and medical equipment and the cost of service personnel, and 91.7% of the costs of the environmental sector are related to wastewater treatment and the cost of electricity consumption.

This study presented a semi-quantitative model to estimate health and environmental costs caused by occupational diseases. The results can create a novel scientific insight into implementing control measures using the optimal point of cost-benefit parameters. Implementing this integrated model can be a practical and effective step in allocating resources and prioritizing interventions.

In this article, a new framework has been developed based on the modeling of the energy system and related greenhouse gas emissions, which aims to predict and provide a perspective of energy and environment correlation for economic sub-sectors under possible scenarios. Nexus modeling has been done by the bottom-up method using the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) software from 2016 to 2040. Demographic and economic data of Urmia watershed, which is one of the drivers of energy demand, was collected and used as a case study. The results based on the analysis of energy and greenhouse gas emissions under different scenarios have shown that the greatest potential for saving energy and reducing emissions is 27.76 million barrels of crude oil equivalent and 11.3 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalents respectively under the scenario of integrated policies. Analysis of the sensitivity of the total energy demand to social and economic changes shows an average increase of 3 and 2 percent per unit of increase in population and GDP. A cost-benefit analysis for productive measures under the mentioned scenario results in the maximum net present value if the interest rate remains below 8%.

Biopolymers or natural polymers are synthesized by living organisms such as plants, bacteria, and fungi with biocompatibility and biologically degradable properties. New investigations are critical for the development of new composite polymers with appropriate therapeutic applications. Several biopolymers such as alginate, cellulose, and chitosan have been employed as promising antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer agents and biomedical implants. Among these natural polymers, amphiphilic alginate polymer is a biocompatible and biodegradable carrier, suitable to encapsulate hydrophilic active substances in various forms of formulations such as hydrogels and nanogels. Introducing hydrophobic constituents such as hydrophobic polymers and alkyl chains can be used to prepare alginate derivatives. Improved solubilization, sustained release, and prolonged half-time are required for clinical translation of alginate-based therapies. Advantages and limitations of alginate formulations in micro and nanoscale, as well as possibilities to improve the field, will be discussed in this mini-review.

The population of fish stocks is constantly exposed to threats and invasion and finally, the problem of extinction due to some reasons. In this study, in order to estimate the technical efficiency of the Kilka fishing industry, the activities of 30 fishing fleets were investigated by the random border production function method and with the proposed maximum likelihood model of Battese and Coelli. Four independent variables used in this research are the number of vessels, the number of manpower, the fishing capital, and the number of nets. The factors selected as affecting the inefficiency are the fishermen’s age, the fishermen’s education level, the fishermen’s second job, the catch manager’s working record, the catch manager’s education level, the number of stormy days and The number of fishing hours. Error terms (deviations from the efficient boundary) have been divided into two elements as disturbance and inefficiency. The estimation of the technical efficiency is based on the final model at different levels based on which the highest technical efficiency in this group is 0/97 and the lowest is0/46. The mean technical efficiency of the exploiters is 0/87. The range between the minimum and maximum efficiency has been calculated as0/41. The results showed that efficiency decreased by decreasing stormy days and increasing fishing hours. In contrast, efficiency decreases with the increasing number of stormy days and decreasing fishing hours. It was also found that increasing the level of education of fishermen increases efficiency. The Kilka fishing industry was exposed to various risks, thus in this study, we get to analyze the types of risks such as the effects of the comb jelly (Mnemiopsis leidyi) and weather changes in the Kilka fishing industry.

As one of the most important known supplements, probiotics have many health effects and the development of the probiotic industry promises profitability and economic development of the country. Therefore, identifying the development strategies of the probiotic industry in Iran is the main purpose of this research. To this end we used the qualitative approach of semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 15 experts who were selected purposefully. For analysis of data, we used a thematic analysis method. The findings of this research show that the focused strategies of (product development, market development and market penetration); diversification strategies (horizontal diversification and heterogeneous diversification); Collaborative strategy (coalition strategy); and entrepreneurial strategies (foreseeing, risk-taking, pioneering and innovation) are major and effective in the development of the probiotic industry. Thus, by using the presented model, strategies can be applied in all stages, from prior to production to consumption, so that this industry can find a basis for growth and development and become a basis for national development.

In recent years, the phenomenon of dust has become one of the most important environmental challenges around the world, which is one of its negative effects on the agricultural sector. Dust on agriculture can affect the growth and performance of plants by affecting the photosynthesis process and also by increasing the leaf temperature, and by providing favorable conditions for the occurrence of diseases and disrupting the population balance of pests against beneficial and predatory insects and Also, the effect of reducing the efficiency of spraying plants against pests and diseases creates the grounds for causing damage and reducing production in various agricultural and horticultural products. The purpose of this research is to estimate the willingness to pay to reduce the effects of dust on the agricultural sector of the centers of dust production and its surrounding areas in Alborz province.

In order to achieve the goal of this research, first, according to the map of dust centers prepared in Alborz province, the affected villages were determined. Ahmedabad areas are affected by dust. Then, using the Contingent valuation method (CVM), the willingness of people to pay to prevent and reduce the negative effects of the dust phenomenon on the agricultural sector was calculated using 400 questionnaires. It should be noted that the number of questionnaires was determined by using the Cochrane relationship and the population of the villages affected by dust.

According to the results of this research, the correct percentage of the estimated willingness of farmers to pay in order to reduce dust damage is 73% in the derived model. Also, the amount of expected value (WTP) was calculated equal to 165423 rials (approximately equal to 5.5 dollars). According to the population of the affected area, the total value of preserving agricultural products against the phenomenon of dust is equal to 2743375032 rials ($9144.58) per year. The results showed that the variables of age, number of working people, education, income and environmental awareness index have a positive and significant effect on the willingness of farmers to pay to preserve agricultural products against dust. In other words, the increase in age, the number of working people in the family, the increase in the level of education, the increase in income and the increase in awareness of farmers increase their willingness to pay.

The evaluation of the willingness to pay of farmers in Alborz province in order to reduce the dust damage on the agricultural sector showed that increasing awareness, education and experience (age) increases the willingness of farmers to pay dust control costs. Therefore, it can be said that in order to control and stabilize the sources of dust production in Alborz province, the knowledge and awareness of farmers regarding the negative effects of dust on the agricultural sector should be increased by using advertising training classes and so on. As a result, the willingness to pay farmers will increase. Then, in the form of non-governmental organizations or cooperative projects with the government, he designed and implemented programs to control and stabilize dust production sources with the participation of farmers.

Probiotics, or useful microorganisms tobtained from beneficial microorganisms, have attracted the attention of the world community, especially the health sector, in recent years. The reason is that probiotic products can help in treating diseases and strengthening the human body without any side effects, unlike drugs which may usually have many side effects. Considering the importance of these products, this study was conducted to find and explain the drivers of probiotic industry development in Iran's food industry.

Data were collected, using the thematic analysis method, on the views of the experts of the probiotic industry in Iran, including experts in nutritional and medical sciences and probiotic producers, concerning the most important driving forces in the development of probiotic industry businesses in Iran. Based on the data the effects of the variables obtained were investigated using the structural equation modeling method with a partial least squares approach.

Analysis of the data showed that the development of probiotics industry was statistically significantly related directly both to macro-environment (coefficients T=3.13, p=0.033<0.05;  95% confidence level) and micro-environment (coefficients of T=2.13, p=0.001<0.05; 95% confidence level).

It can be concluded that the development of the probiotic industry in Iran is influenced by both the macro-environment and the micro-environment. What can provide the basis for the development of this industry in the macro-environment and the micro-environment sectors is the political forces such as governments and the private sector, respectively.

The governments of developing countries noticed that environmental taxes, in addition to helping to achieve environmental goals, also make it possible to achieve other economic and social goals such as reducing the unemployment rate. In the past, policies aimed at minimizing the unemployment rate have a negative impact on other policy goals because they reduce private incomes, especially for people on government benefits. Therefore, it is politically difficult to implement environmental policies. However, for green tax reforms to be socially acceptable, complementary policies such as public spending cuts should be minimized to reduce the burden of green taxes on the private sector.

Green taxes lead to a decrease in social welfare and have a greater impact on endogenous public expenditures. Therefore, minimizing public expenditures as a complementary policy to promote the labor market effects of green tax reforms in developing countries will fail. Was.

As a result, policymakers in these countries should look for other ways to help them reduce the green tax burden on business, which in turn will enable them to implement environmental tax reforms.

In the present study, Spss26 software is used to describe the statistical population and research data, Excel software is used for the Dimtel technique and fuzzy Delphi analysis and fuzzy ANP software. In the second level, the fuzzy Delphi method is used using Excel. In the third level, Fuzzy Network Analysis Process (FANP) was used based on the constituent questions and variables. At the last level, Dimetal technique was used to check the relationships.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the status of energy indicators for sustainable development in Iran in three areas: social, economic, and environmental. For this study, energy indicators for sustainable development have been studied and calculated based on the method introduced by the International Atomic Energy Agency. In this method, 30 indicators in three areas of social (4 indicators), economic (16 indicators), and environmental (10 indicators) are introduced. The research method in this study was applied in terms of purpose and library (documentary) and field (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of collecting statistics and information. The statistical population of the research in the stage of identifying and measuring energy sustainability indicators was experts in the field of energy and environment. Out of 30 energy indicators for sustainable development, according to experts, 17 indicators were selected as the final energy indicators for sustainable development in Iran (2 social indicators, 11 economic indicators, 4 environmental indicators) and 13 indicators due to lack of statistics were deleted. The amount and size of each of the indicators were measured and evaluated separately. Regarding the status of the indicators, the results obtained indicate that: The status of electricity access indicators and the share of household income paid for electricity is favorable. Also, the status of the indicators of the ratio of reserves to production, areas whose acidity is too critical and the ratio of radioactive solid waste to the unit of energy produced is relatively favorable. Status of other indicators, including: per capita energy consumption, the ratio of resources to production, the intensity of energy consumption in industry, agriculture, services, households, and transportation, the share of fuel in energy and electricity, the share of non-carbon energy in energy and electricity, the share of renewable energy in energy and concentration of air pollution in urban areas are undesirable.

The current research is an applied research in terms of classification based on the purpose. The purpose of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a specific field.

Also, the current research is a descriptive-correlation research in terms of method and nature. The statistical population of this research is the cars that traveled during eight busy days of September, from 1 am to 24 pm, in Karaj Chalus axis in 2018 during the study period, and no other specific sampling was done. All calculations and analyzes were done using Excel and 10Eviews software.

The results showed that the use of the intelligent transportation system leads to a reduction in travel time on the Karaj-Chalos corridor and consequently reduced gas emissions. carbon dioxide (CO2).

The findings showed that the use of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) in the 8 days of the study has led to a reduction of 2521 tons of carbon dioxide emissions in the Karaj-Chalos axis.

Cold stress is one of the environmental factors limiting productivity and geographical distribution of crops. To determine functional annotation and differential gene expressions of plants under cold stress, 3127, 1188, and 2292 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) respectively from low temperature- treated seedlings of rice, wheat, and barley was analyzed. The ESTs from each library yielded 1995 (rice), 950 (wheat), and 1831 (barley) unigenes. BLASTX revealed 1458 (rice), 703 (wheat), and 1324 (barley) unigenes that had important hits in the protein database of Arabidopsis. All of the unigenes with significant hits were grouped with MapMan software. In three functional groups including photosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and signaling categories, a significant difference was observed between the transcripts of rice and barley under cold stress. We identified differentially expressed genes between the three plants under cold stress by assembling all of the ESTs, which resulted in 1101 contigs. There were 12 genes identified that had significantly different expressions between the three libraries. Promoter analysis of a 1500-bp sequence upstream of the coding region of the candidate genes, showed a variety of regulatory elements with different roles. The existence of elements involved in various stresses in the promoter regions of candidate genes confirmed the role of these genes in stress responses. The identified genes could be putative candidates for gene manipulation to improve the cold tolerance of valuable crop plants.

The purpose of this article is to review scientific research related to air pollution and deaths caused by the corona virus and the costs of premature death and Disability Adjusted Life Years.

The present research method is a review study. The statistical population of the research is all the studies conducted in international and national scientific databases based on the index (DALY) and its relationship with pollutant particles with an emphasis on the pollutant of suspended particles with a diameter of 2.5 microns (PM2.5), as well as the effect of air pollution on The COVID-19 virus and their Willingness to Pay (WTP) in Iran and the world. The research findings were analyzed using the coding technique based on the keywords of air pollution, Contingent Valuation, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) and COVID-19.

survey of environmental disease studies shows the contribution of environmental risk factors including PM2.5, have been according to the DALY index because of death or disability. Also, the study of articles are mostly about statistical analyses on the measured concentrations of PM2.5 and infection and death data by COVID-19 in different countries.

The results of the studies show a strong and significant correlation between the concentration of PM2.5 pollutants and the rate of infection and death caused by the corona virus. which shows that by controlling the concentration of pollutants, the rate of infection and death caused by the corona virus can be reduced.

One of the challenges faced by governments in the last century is environmental crises such as temperature increase, climate changes, environmental pollution, loss of plant and animal species, etc. European and North American or Japanese governments often use green finance laws and instruments to advance their environmental protection policies.

 In this research, in the first step, the researcher will identify the effective criteria and models on the green tax by using the expert analysis approach using the fuzzy Delphi method, and after screening, he will introduce the implementation models. In the second step, by using the causal theory of the Dimtel method in the fuzzy evaluation environment (due to the high precision of the fuzzy method approach, this approach has been used in the analysis), the tolerance evaluation of the executive models will be carried out. Finally, the correlation executive model will be presented. The fuzzy network analysis model, which is a comprehensive approach to the green tax open environment problem, will classify and grade the identified patterns.

Using analytical and library methods, this study shows that tax, as one of the financial policy tools, plays an important role in sustainable growth and development and ensuring social justice. The main goal of this research is to investigate the classification process of green tax in environmental instruments, in order to achieve sustainable development.

Iran can increase the share of its tax revenues and leave a positive impact on the quality of the environment by designing and implementing green tax (environmental taxes) as one of the common tax bases in the countries of the region.

The diverse ecosystem of the Sea has brought about the formation and continuous flow of products and services for people beings and its effects on the economic life of countries have valuable roles. To evaluate these services, it is necessary to identify the benefits and select the appropriate product. Valuation of shrimp ecosystem services was done by evaluation methods. Samples (70-person from stockholders) are select in two groups of Eco-Friendly and fishers and their opinions on shrimp’s value ​​were collected using a questionnaire. Contingent valuation and Benefit Transfer Method were calculated in 1400. The results showed the existence value of banana’s shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) was obtained as 9.38% of its market price (one million Rials).The bequest value of this benthic species was estimated to be at least 2.5 million Rials per person and the value of other species associated with fishing was estimated to be about 1.3 million Rials. Damage to marine resources was estimated at more than $ 140 million by overfishing and other non-target species (by-catch). Assessing the total value of ecosystem services and shrimp productions in 1400, more than $ 53 million was obtained and the damages of this economic activity are estimated to be more than 2.3 times the calculated values. Therefore, changing harvest and trawl methods are applied suggestions.

The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F. is an important pest of the stored products, which causes severe economic damage on grain. Regarding necesity of using alternative methods to chemical insecticides, in the present study the lethal and sublethal effects of the essential oils of Ajwain (Carum copticum L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) along with diatomaceous earth were evaluated against R. dominica. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of Ajwain were phenol, benzene, and γ-terpinene and those of the fennel were propanal, trans-anethole, γ-terpinene, benzene, and cyclohexene. The toxicity of fennel essential oil (LC50 = 103.83 µl/l air) against the adults of R. dominica was higher than Ajwain essential oil (LC50 = 167.46 µl/l air). The LC50 for the diatomaceous earth was obtained 0.052 g/kg. Results of the experiment of sublethal effects (LC30) showed that males and females’ longevity and the fecundity of females were significantly lowest in the combination of Ajwain essential oil along with diatomaceous earth. Furthermore, the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (λ) of the pest, in both the combination of Ajwain essential oil along with diatomaceous earth and fennel essential oil along with diatomaceous earth were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than other treatments. The results of this study indicated that the essential oils of each of these plants in combination with diatomaceous earth can be used in the management programs of R. dominica.

Topic: The application of the theory of "multiple meanings" in the mystical interpretation of Ain Al-A'ayanThe author is Zahra Abedi, a PhD student specializing in Quranic and Hadith sciences.Supervisor Dr. Ahmed Abedi, assistant professor of Qom UniversityAbstractThe theory of multiple meanings in the interpretation of the Qur'an refers to an interpretive approach according to which the words and interpretations of the Qur'an contain various meanings and each of these meanings is valid in its place and one cannot be preferred over the other. But this approach is always faced with the question of how to combine the different statements of commentators? And will the sum of these sayings bring an interpretative result?Tafsir Ain Alaayan written by Shamsuddin Mohammad Fanari which is dedicated to the interpretation of Surah Hamd and is a good model that clearly shows the quality of using multiple meanings in the interpretation of the Qur'an and its results.In the interpretation of the words "Al-Hamd", "Rab Al-Alamin", "Yum al-Din" and also in explaining the difference between the two divine attributes "Al-Rahman" and "Al-Rahim", Fanari quotes various commentators' sayings and tries to achieve a broad meaning of the verses in order to It shows that the Holy Quran is an infinite sea of ​​meanings. The use of polysemy means that this approach can tell the layers of meanings of the Qur'an that are neglected in the monosemantic approach.key words: Multiple meanings, Ibn Fanari, Tafsir Ain Alaayan, Tafsir,

 Transportation is the driving force needed to achieve the goals of economic development and create the well-being of human societies. Modern life requires growth and expansion of the movement. The present research is applied in terms of purpose-based classification. The idea of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a particular field. This study aimed to estimate the environmental effects of reducing CO2 emissions by using intelligent transportation system (ITS) in Iran.

  This research is descriptive-correlational in terms of method and nature. The statistical population of this study is the vehicles traveling during the eight busy days of September from 1 am to 00:00 in the Karaj-Chalous axis in 2019 during the study time. No other specific sampling was performed. All calculations and analyzes were performed using Excel and 10Eviews software.

 The results revealed that the application of the intelligent transportation system had decreased travel time on the Karaj-Chalous axis and, therefore, reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The outcomes indicated that the use of the ITS during the eight days of the research had decreased 10,129 tons of carbon dioxide emissions in the Karaj-Chalous axis.

Due to the design features, facilities and the presence of crude oil materials or refined products from crude oil, the refining industry is prone to major accidents such as fire and explosions, which cause a lot of damages and losses. On the other hand, due to the development of intelligent technologies and drones (remote-controlled birds) and the widespread use of these technologies in various industries, the use of these new technologies in the oil and gas industry is inevitable. This case study was conducted with the aim of utilizing drone technology in fire crisis management in oil refineries in the Lavan Oil Refinery, Iran.

Data were collected using qualitative methods and literature review by combining keywords such as refinery, fire and explosion and drone, as well as holding semi-structured interviews with 15 informed and experienced persons from among refinery personnel. In order to identify internal strengths (S) and weaknesses (W) and external opportunities (O) and threats (T) the gathered data were analyzed using the basic SWOT model.

Analysis of the data show the following strategies to be the results of the external threats and opportunities and internal strengths and weaknesses: Strength/Opportunity (SO), Strength/Threat (ST), Weakness / Opportunity (WO) and Weakness/Threat (WT).

The use of drones for monitoring (finding the location and source of fire), identifying (determining the exact location and extent of the fire), confronting and controlling (relief and rescuing, saving the lives of firefighters, firefighting) in the Iranian oil industry requires making changes in the capacity and levels of technology and the equipment and manpower.  Making these changes requires the support of managers and personnel of the oil industry in order to use this new technology and make it operational. In this way, fire crisis management in refineries can be implemented by using drone technology.

The Mediteranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the pests of stored products in many areas of the world. The eggs and larvae of E. kuehniella are widely used to rearing parasitoids and predators for biological control programs. In current research, the effects of various maize hybrids flour including KSC 201, KSC 260, KSC 400, KSC 410, SC 705 and SC 706 on the life history variables of E. kuehniella was studied. Also, physical (humidity and hardiness index) and biochemical (protein and starch contents) characteristics of the tested hybrids were assessed in order to understand any possible correlation between important demographic parameters with biochemical and physical features of maize hybrids. Results showed that different hybrids have significant effects on the life history and demographical parameters of E. kuehniella. The longest development time was observed on SC 706 hybrid (54.54 d) and the shortest was on KSC 410 hybrid (52.52 d). The highest fecundity was on KSC 410 hybrid (210.58 egg), while the lowest one was detected on KSC 201 (163.16 egg) and SC 706 (157.83 egg) hybrids. Also, the lowest highest intrinsic rate of increase was observed on SC 706 hybrid (0.065 day-1) and the highest was on KSC 410 hybrid (0.081 day-1). In this study, significant variations in physical traits and biochemical metabolites were observed between the various hybrid. Moreover, significant positive correlation between fecundity, net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase variables plus starch contents of various hosts were found. The results indicated that KSC 410 hybrid was suitable host for mass rearing of E. kuehniella.

Nowadays, environmental performance has attracted widespread attention, and it is mentioned that issues such as air pollution, global warming, habitat destruction, biodiversity threat, water scarcity crisis and desertification drastically threaten human future. The volume of oil and gas activities in the Persian Gulf countries are among the platforms that also highlight the attention to environmental performance in this area. Therefore, this article examines the effect of economic and non-economic factors affecting the environmental performance of the Persian Gulf countries. The economic factors that we selected to investigate are growth rate, degree of economic openness, energy intensity; and the non-economic factors we took into account are urbanization, democracy, population and financial development. Considering trade relations between the countries of the Persian Gulf, the spatial panel data model is used to take into account the effects of such interaction. We selected 8 Persian Gulf countries including Iran, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Iraq, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Kuwait for this article. To demonstrate the relationship between economic and non-economic factors for selected countries, we chose the period 1998-2018. The findings indicate significant spatial effects related to financial development, business openness and urbanization. Findings showed significant spatial effects related to financial development, business openness and urbanization.

Green taxes are one of the old economic tools in environmental protection that have been used for many years in different countries. The use of this tool is very necessary in the cases suggested by environmental economics and prevents the release of excessively optimal social pollutants. The use of green taxation as a favorable mechanism to help curb climate change and promote environmentally sustainable occupational practices was supported.

The study of green tax design is the main subject of this research. Research and study of the practical application of green tax It is necessary to learn the background information about it. Definition and classification of green tax is the existential reason behind green tax. Statistically, it was determined using Cochran's test and by designing a questionnaire and checking their validity and reliability (in the case of the reliability of the questionnaire, the compatibility coefficient of the comparisons was 0.0196, which is less than 0.1, so the comparisons can be made. () In order to evaluate the results with the help of Excel and SPSS software, green tax variables were classified. Green was identified and after screening the executive patterns were introduced. In the next step, with the help of Demetel method in the fuzzy evaluation environment, the executive patterns were evaluated in relation to each other. Classified Took.

The various dimensions studied in this study are the core efficiency, the dimension of maintaining and improving the quality of the environment, the dimension of applicability in various fields, the dimension of increasing income and effective in the economy, and the dimension of sustainable development, respectively. Among the dimensions, it could be used with a weight of 0.97, with the highest weight. In the second place, the axial efficiency weighs 0.1873. The average dimension is equal to 0.1659.

Basically, this tax is used to reduce the negative impact on the environment caused by business activities. Given the importance of green taxes, it is suggested that green taxes should be included in the government's environmental policy portfolio. Environmental taxes require companies to offset their pollution costs with environmental activities or pay higher taxes.