zeinab ghasemiasl

Phenomenological and different dimensions of discourse including sensory, perceptual, emotional and aesthetic dimensions are based on systems. Greimas has divided them into action, action, tension, and action. Semantics studies based on the process of meaning production. This article has analyzed the poem "A letter to Saif bin Dhi Yazen" according to the approach of Greimas' action-oriented analysis. Relying on the action-oriented analysis approach, the authors seek to understand and explain the meaning generation process in this ode. According to the obtained results, the poem begins by drawing a tense atmosphere. The speaker is under the influence of sensory and perceptive conditions and is not receptive to these conditions. He invites Saif bin Dhi Yazen to a confrontation. According to the transcendental system that dominates the discourse, in the course of the narrative, the narrator seeks to make the spoken to move and rise. The poet portrays the reality of the stagnant and distressed society. By using movement and aesthetic schemas, it seeks to transfer the sense and perception embedded in one's existence to the spoken word and create an action stage. The narrative moves from stillness to movement. In the tense stage, the lack of interaction is drawn, and at the end, the active presence of Saif bin Zhi Yazen is established. An action that has brought liberation and life to the homeland and the land and has depicted the repossession of the homeland and the land as a valuable object

The title represents the true identity of the poetic text, which is the text, the meaning, and what is meant by the reduced image. In fact, the initial semantic illuminations emanate from the threshold of the title and direct the title of the textual readability. In the light of this fact, Mahmoud Abdel Wahhab considered him the wealth of the poetic text for his great contribution to expressing the identity of the poetic text, pampering and guiding the recipient when he faces the blockages of the text and its pitfalls that prevent access to the textual truth. This research paper attempts, by relying on the semiotic vision, to address textual thresholds, especially the mother title in the book “I grieve the water as a river” by Ihab Al-Shalabi. Semantic. The pivotal signifier from a semiotic perspective in Shalabi’s poetic discourse is the focus on the act of resistance and the implantation of certainty of the occupier’s exit and return to life and joy. Which ranges from a group of connotations, semantic rumors, and the reporting function of the important functions of the title, and it is replete with intense suggestions and references that reveal the identity of the poetic text. The real presence that would return the land to its original identity and its legendary time,The title represents the true identity of the poetic text, which is the text, the meaning, and what is meant by the reduced image. In fact, the initial semantic illuminations emanate from the threshold of the title and direct the title of the textual readability. In the light of this fact, Mahmoud Abdel Wahhab considered him the wealth of the poetic text for his great contribution to expressing the identity of the poetic text, pampering and guiding the recipient when he faces the blockages of the text and its pitfalls that prevent access to the textual truth. This research paper attempts, by relying on the semiotic vision, to address textual thresholds, especially the mother title in the book “I grieve the water as a river” by Ihab Al-Shalabi. Semantic. The pivotal signifier from a semiotic perspective in Shalabi’s poetic discourse is the focus on the act of resistance and the implantation of certainty of the occupier’s exit and return to life and joy. Which ranges from a group of connotations, semantic rumors, and the reporting function of the important functions of the title, and it is replete with intense suggestions and references that reveal the identity of the poetic text. The real presence that would return the land to its original identity and its legendary time, we see the paradoxThe title represents the true identity of the poetic text, which is the text, the meaning, and what is meant by the reduced image. In fact, the initial semantic illuminations emanate from the threshold of the title and direct the title of the textual readability. In the light of this fact, Mahmoud Abdel Wahhab considered him the wealth of the poetic text for his great contribution to expressing the identity of the poetic text, pampering and guiding the recipient when he faces the blockages of the text and its pitfalls that prevent access to the textual truth. This research paper attempts, by relying on the semiotic vision, to address textual thresholds, especially the mother title in the book “I grieve the water as a river” by Ihab Al-Shalabi. Semantic. The pivotal signifier from a semiotic perspective in Shalabi’s poetic discourse is the focus on the act of resistance and the implantation of certainty of the occupier’s exit and return to life and joy. Which ranges from a group of connotations, semantic rumors, and the reporting function of the important functions of the title, and it is replete with intense suggestions and references that reveal the identity of the poetic text. The real presence that would return the land to its original identity and its legendary time, we see the paradoxThe title represents the true identity of the poetic text, which is the text, the meaning, and what is meant by the reduced image. In fact, the initial semantic illuminations emanate from the threshold of the title and direct the title of the textual readability. In the light of this fact, Mahmoud Abdel Wahhab considered him the wealth of the poetic text for his great contribution to expressing the identity of the poetic text, pampering and guiding the recipient when he faces the blockages of the text and its pitfalls that prevent access to the textual truth. This research paper attempts, by relying on the semiotic vision, to address textual thresholds, especially the mother title in the book “I grieve the water as a river” by Ihab Al-Shalabi. Semantic. The pivotal signifier from a semiotic perspective in Shalabi’s poetic discourse is the focus on the act of resistance and the implantation of certainty of the occupier’s exit and return to life and joy. Which ranges from a group of connotations, semantic rumors, and the reporting function of the important functions of the title, and it is replete with intense suggestions and references that reveal the identity of the poetic text. The real presence that would return the land to its original identity and its legendary time, we see the paradox

The methods of analyzing poetic texts have changed due to the evolution of critical awareness. Research on texts now relies on the dialectical relationship with the text and its systematic reception in order to uncover the true meaning. This goal is achieved by understanding the symbolic system and nodes of the text. Semiotics, a new critical method, plays a crucial role in understanding and removing ambiguity from the text. It aims to bridge the gap between the text and its recipient.This article focuses on Muhammad Abd al-Bari's poem "What Zarqa al-Yamamah Did Not Say" using a semiotic approach. The main objective is to gain insight into his poetic experience and explore new horizons for contemporary Sudanese poetry. Additionally, this research aims to investigate the behavioral reality of Arab people in modern times.The results of this study reveal that the poem is rich in symbols, characters, and historical codes. The poet uses these elements to depict a tragic future. In terms of aesthetics, the text defamiliarizes language by disrupting normal connections between words, vocabulary, and linguistic structures. By portraying the poet's life reality through poetry, the language of the text serves an ironic function, revealing a reality that the poet may not be receptive to.In addition to depicting a tragic future, the poet also envisions a bright future that can be achieved through new awareness and knowledge.

The poetry of Ali Ja'far Al-Alaq is an objective subject with distinction and this strong relationship between Al-Allaq's poetry and reality is what makes Al-Allaq's poetry characterized by pessimism. The presence of pessimism also descends from the conviction of the poet that poetry is the son of loss and loss and must reflect the reality of living. This study sails in the world of Ali Jafar poetic relationship to clarify the vision of the poet to the Arab reality and manifestations of the crisis of self and the plight of place in the poet's poetry The research relied on his approach to poetry of the relationship on the descriptive analytical approach and took from the groups of the poet poetic samples to address the subject The results indicate that the poetry of the relationship is linked to the reality of living in which the poet analyzes the Arab reality by taking care of the legendary, religious and historical heritage and dedicates in it a fact that he believes in, that what dragged the Arabs to defeat and the young is due to the Arabs themselves and more to the Arab daring. Slow attendance and the act of treason and non-clinging to the land and identity and the crisis of belonging an attempt to incite the building of the Arab civilized society, which In the relationship between the sexes on the basis of harmony and union.

With new critical tendencies, especially after the emergence of critical discourse analysis, text analysis methods surpassed the structure framework Analyzing texts and discourses has become an, organized and deep index. Examining the address with this new critical method is conducted at various levels. text analysis is a systematic, deep and comprehensive analysis that relies on the context and atmosphere of text and discourse production. Analyzing the discourse and focusing on it, examining the ideological tendency of the speech and its relationship with the power relations or the role of the address in changing these relations are among the chief concepts in critical discourse analysis. Lacla and Mouffe's model is one of the most important methods of critical discourse analysis that makes an effort to investigate the movement of different signifiers within the discourse. It also examines the deep connection between the elements, topics, and components of discourse and central and floating signifiers. Also, the ideological tendency of speech, the process of highlighting and marginalization, and discourse conflict are among the fundamental concepts raised in this critical approach. This research aims to study the ode "This is the Beginning of the Earth" by Ja'far al-Allaq, one of the prominent poets of Iraq, with the critical discourse analysis approach of Lacla and Mouffe. The research results suggest that Palestine is the central signifier of this poetic discourse and that there is a discourse conflict at different levels, with the conflict between the resistance discourse and the discourse of normalizing relations with Israel. This poetic discourse consists of floating signifiers that reinforce the central signifier. By focusing on the significant signifier, the poet accentuates the concept with discourse instruments such as repeating the word Palestine and emphasizing the certainty of the occupier's departure and freedom of Palestine. In this poetic discourse, the poet seeks to marginalize the occupier and the current Arab address by mockery. The poet condemns the current government in his poetic speech. The presence of a set of discourse signifiers and symbols that carry the task of reassuring and hope in the field of conflict injects specific knowledge and awareness to establish a promising future; Moreover, by using intertextuality, it seeks to strengthen the hegemony of discourse and reinforce the central signifier to create a state of desirable tendency.

The semantic networks of each discourse are formed based on the identity meanings of actors who, relying on their power, can have the greatest impact on other actors in the society. Based on this principle, Castells has divided the types of identity into three categories: identity of program maker, identity of legitimacy and identity of resistance. In order to explain the functional characteristics of the dominant actor in Shazaya Firouz's novel, this research has investigated the process of identity formation in this story. Shifting the meaning of the two concepts of "sin" and "homeland", turning the meaning of the concept of "blasphemy" and expanding the range of its semantic inclusion to all different ideas, forging the identity of the central government by relying on the concept of Caliph and calling him Amir al-Mu'minin, creating an apocalyptic environment using technologies The novel, which Castells sees as a way to create a network society based on communication nodes and not hierarchical systems, is one of the strategies that the main actor of the novel (ISIS) has used for the process of identity formation, and many of them distance Isis from the concept of resistance identity. . Also, women, as the main theme of the novel, for whom the important events of the story are completely based on the redefinition of the identity of ISIS, have been the main targets of the actions of the dominant activist to redefine the identity. In the process of identity formation, women are included in a marginal construction in terms of the meaning of identity, and in some cases they are even placed in the "meaninglessness" of identity and equality with animals and objects

Critical discourse analysis is a new cognitive field for challenging and exploring discourse and is a tool to achieve a full understanding of discourse, which is done by entering the hidden aspects of the text using the means and methods of analysis. The importance of critical discourse analysis lies in the fact that it integrates discourse analysis with the study of the environment that creates discourse and examines the dialectical relationship between discourse and power, and thus is an attempt to determine the ideological approach of discourse. Numerous theories have been proposed for critical analysis of discourse and related approaches, and analysts in this field, relying on a set of approaches and basic mechanisms for the final and ideal cognitive realization of this analysis, focus on the study of discourse. Norman Fairclough developed the study of critical discourse analysis by proposing contextual theory, and Laclau and Moff's critical approach is the most important approach to critical discourse analysis. The main feature of this approach is to study the roots of discourse and focus on the signs and the process of marginalizing, highlighting and crystallizing. Commentary on the study of the poetry of Ehab Shelby in this article, which critically examines the ode "Ayar Yuzhani"; The poet composed this poem on the sixth anniversary of its defeat in 2008, and the results of the research indicate that this poem is full of fragmented and floating signs that depict the negative realities of the Arab society and political conditions, and the purpose of these signs is to expose that it is a critical reality, and the centrality of its central meaning and articulation revolves around the axis of resistance, uprising, and the emphasis on the weak presence of Arab society in two different dimensions. Just as the poet marginalizes another alien and an isolated Arab who opposes uprising and mobility, he highlights the motivation and current that opposes it, by crystallizing the practice of confrontation and focusing on the sacred act of history that it can repel and expel the enemy, it does. In this regard, the contemporary Jordanian poet marginalizes another usurper and institutionalizes and emphasizes the right of the Palestinian people, denies the occupation of the land and the humiliation of its rightful owners, and ignores the Palestinian issue and the weak position of the Arab rulers Condemns occupation and rape.

Social confrontation is a part of social reality and many actions in society are formed based on it. Louis Coser is one of the thinkers who investigated confrontation and its function in the context of society and unlike other social thinkers, he considers the concept of confrontation to have two positive and negative functions. According to him, the concept of power and the clash of different ideologies in a confrontational situation is an issue that can be the cause of confrontation, and the set of common goals can be a factor in connecting people and groups. Based on the theory of Cozer's contrast, the present descriptive-analytical research examines the ode "Khafqa Al-Zari" by Ghazi Zeiba, a contemporary Jordanian poet. The purpose of this article is to investigate the representation of confrontation and its role in the formation of social relations and ideology and the dominant discourse in the poet's poems. The results obtained from the present research show that the poet has drawn various social confrontations in his poetry: the confrontation between intellectuals and other groups of people and politicians, or the confrontation between the group and the Arab self with the foreign other. Calling for participation and incompatibility and struggle and emphasis on cultural ideas and common values is the poet's solution for the integration and realization of intra-group or national solidarity against the alien other. By drawing a confrontational situation between himself and the occupying other, the poet considers it important to have a dominant discourse that can be a sign of confrontation and believes that this discourse leads to the ability and production of power in confronting Israel.

Since violence represents suppressive aspect of power, a violent relationship between the inferior and superior parties is inevitable. By combining philosophical and everyday life concepts, Žižek depicted different dimensions of violence. The novel At the ISIS table narrates the suffering of the Izadi people who encountered the invasion and genocide of ISIL. Using Žižek's model, this study had an attempt to explain the different layers of ISIL violence against Izadi people to show how the author has represented different dimensions of violence in the events of the story and has applied the issue of violence as a narrative theme. The results of the research showed that all types of violence in the novel are influenced by the violence of the gods mentioned by Žižek. By applying systemic violence, ISIL intends to de-institutionalize the family and other social foundations. ISIL's methods for repressing women are active and symbolic, and at the same time, it has not neglected active methods such as using women against women. ISIL used takfir of the "other" to justify violence against its members, and the Izadis were doomed to destruction as a manifestation of infidelity that hindered the realization of the caliphate's objectives. In the present novel, women are the biggest victims of violence, and their inferior position has historically added to ISIL's power to commit systemic and absolute violence against women.

Reproduction of the meanings of the discourse of resistance in Arab and Islamic countries has so far been accompanied by a large part of the people of these countries. In a way that even its manifestation can be seen in various literary fields such as poetry and novels. But with the new political arrangement in the Middle East, the discourse of compromise is trying to replace the discourse of resistance. The aim of this study was to examine and critically analyze the method of "articulating" the discourse of compromise in the Saudi newspaper Okaz, and examined the editorials of this publication. In implementing the purpose of the research, the "Laclau and Moff" discourse analysis approach was used. This method provides the ability to analyze discourse by relying on how signals and concepts are arranged. The results of the research indicate that the central sign in this newspaper is "peace with Israel", which empty and floating signs have been widely used by the authors to give it meaning. .Emphasizing the need to prioritize the Corona situation over the Palestinian issue and the repetition of accusations such as the corruption of its leaders are other discourse strategies that have been highlighted and marginalized in two ways. In Okaz newspaper's elaboration, compromise is introduced as the final solution and necessary for the preservation of Saudi Arabia's national interests and security, and numerous floating signs are produced daily to identify it.

With the emergence of poetic modernity, contemporary Arabic poetry moved from its own narrow framework to new open spaces. In fact, modernity unleashed poetry and made it benefit from other arts. One of the most important features of poetic modernity is the combination of poetry and narration. This combination, as one of the results of modernity in thought and awareness, enriches poetry in terms of aesthetics and connotations, breaks the monotony of poetry, expands its circle, and the narration with its techniques and elements makes the poetic text vibrate with movement and makes it deeper and open. The Iraqi poet Maad al-Jubouri is one of the most prominent poets who used narration and its energies in their poetry. We see the narrative hegemony over the poet’s poetic space in all his works and the narrative and poetic overlap reached the degree of poetic sensitivity in him. This research attempts to study the presence of the narration in the poetry of Jubouri by studying his “Where the River Returns.” The article argues that the narration has an intense presence in the poem and the poet uses it creatively and with a keen awareness of its effectiveness and thus makes the poetic text pulsate with movement and vitality which enables him to master the poetic connotations. The state of dynamism and vitality and the overlap of poetry with narration are the poet’s means to create an integrated and coherent poetic ground that contributes to the success of communication and the process of reception.

The present article seeks to analyze the contents of an Arabic newspaper based on the linguistic principles of text and discourse. The importance and necessity of this work is that it explains and reveals the linguistic techniques that journalists use to engage in media warfare against a country. Since Iran is a regional power in the Middle East, the newspaper Asharq Al-Awsat was selected from a country with an opposing discourse, namely Saudi Arabia, to show the various forms of use of ideology in the press. Asharq Al-Awsat has the important feature (important to this study) of writing ideological news against Iran. So the texts studied in this article are deliberately selected from a newspaper whose hostility to Iran is clear, despite claims of neutrality. The reason for this choice is to be able to perform a precise analysis of a discourse against Iran. The purpose of the article is to analyze the semantic discourse constructs of Asharq Al-Awsat with the aim of explaining the representational patterns in it. To do so, the critical discourse analysis model of Theo Van Leeuwen is used, which discusses representation in political texts, and the selected texts are examined qualitatively. According to Van Leeuwen’s theories — according to, for instance, what he calls role allocation — several factors show the ideological interferences of the authors with the discourse structures of the text. In many case, this newspaper, through various textual and linguistic strategies such as identification and classification, represents Iran as an influential actor with negative performance. In all such cases, on the contrary, the authors have represented Saudi Arabia positively. Thus, the article argues that the primary strategy of the text on which its structural discourses are based is to portray the negative and interfering role of Iran in opposition to the positive activism of Saudi Arabia.

Study of discourse-semantic structures in Arabia Alhayat newspaper with emphasis on Van Dijk schema This research was performed with aim of discourse-semantic structures analysis in Arabic texts and semantic strategies clarification that have a role in texts discourse. Hence, 20 editorial of Arabia Alhayat newspapers were selected with issue of Iran s problems and investigated with use of Van Dijk schema. The analysis of data demonstrate that, maximum of linguistics appearance of discourse-semantic structures in Alhayat newspaper is related to distancing and polarization strategies and authors did not show any trend to use implicitness, that this subject is equal to contrast and literal contest of two countries in recent years. According to studied factors, the dominant ideology in authors mind is that, Iran is a threat for locale security which transferred from huge surface to little surface and the definition axis that is important for this research was used in forms of presupposition, generalization, distancing, euphemism and ….

Media products, especially those produced on a daily basis by reporters, are one of the most widely used areas for implementing and adapting critical approaches to discourse analysis.The political differences between Iran and Saudi Arabia have created a media space in recent years, which is totally under the control of political discourses governing the governments. The present study was conducted to explain the discourse strategies of the newspaper Al-Sharq al-Awsat in the ideological representation of Iran. To this end, the Van Dijk model was selected as the method of research and 20 analyzes of the political analysis of the newspaper were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the method of processing information and news about Iran in this newspaper was in line with the ideological square of Van Dijk. For example, negative assumptions, polarization in the text at the expense of Iran, introduction as a non-affiliated group, spacing .are among the discourse strategies of this newspaper. In all examined texts, Iran has been introduced as a threat to the security of the region and the world and an inconsistent element among Islamic countries. The authors have tried to block any ideological proposition at different levels of the text and block the way for fair judgment of the audience. The dominant discourse on this paper, during the period under review, seeks to present a picture of Iran that is far from the political and religious reality and has been positively designed and represented in front of all Arab activism.

Thousand and One Nights as the most famous collection of fairytales, with peculiarity of being multi-cultural, has often been the center of attraction of great eastern and western writers. Here, Naguib Mahfouz, the winner of 1988 Nobel Prize in Literature, has based one of his famous works on "Thousand and One Nights" and compiled in similar fashion hence; this research has comparatively analyzed the two works in explaining similarities and differences from their elemental and structural aspects as well as thematic and contextual domains of the two books. A complete structural study of the two works and comparison of anecdotes and personalities that Mahfouz derived from the Thousand and One Nights indicate that in this work in order to safeguard the actual framework of anecdotes, characters, heroes and anecdotal elements of main book, Mahfouz could successfully narrate them in differet time epoch. In this work Mahfouz could narrate the anecdotes of Thousand and One Nights with supreme skill in different time and wherever there was technical problem in the actual classic work, in the work Mahfouz could write in a way that those problems were elevated.

With respect to the great impact of the One Thousand and One Nights on various literary and cultural arenas of the world nations, this study is conducted in order to investigate its role in flourishing modern Arab plays. For this purpose, after investigating roots and origins of plays and different forms of dramatic arts in Arab countries, this paper introduces One Thousand and One Nights and its dramatic capabilities. In concurrence with the formation of modern arab theatre and its foundation by great arab dramatists, a new wave of impression of One Thousand and One Nights on Arabic literature emerged, this time in the play area. Investigation and introduction of the most important plays written on the basis of this book constitute the next section of this research. This study tries to show the daramatic capabilities of One Thousand and One Nights through investigating the samples as well as introducing the wave of impression of Arab authors in the booming era of drama since the second half of the nineteenth century. This paper also intends to prove that the attention of the pioneers and founders of Arab drama is more focused on the historical heritage of the Arabic literature in general and One Thousand and One Nights in particular as compared to European literature.

This study investigates broadly the school of Formalism and the views of its theorists on basis of text analysis, then explain Vladimir Prop’s morphological pattern that is substructure of many patterns of structural, morphological and narrative analysis. Prop’s pattern is based on pragmatics or work of characters and elements of the story is determined by function of every character and compass of his work. After explanation of Prop’s pattern and introducing the movement in the stories and manner of its combination based on his viewpoint survey samples from anecdotes of thousand and one nights, then draw diagrams about text structure story movements. This study demonstrates that Prop’s patterns are applicable on tales of thousand and one night has used different manner of story movements.