جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "سیمین بهبهانی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

This essay was written about philosophical despair and investigating the causes and factors of its creation in the poetry of Simin Behbahani. The chosen research method for that, is the "thematic analysis" method; in this order, all the themes were extracted from the poems and the high frequency of philosophical themes and their fusion with philosophical despair caused this article to investigate its causes and factors by referring to Simin's speech. The results of the research show that, the sonnet, in addition to all the content functions has had so far, it can also have the capacity to express philosophical issues, as Simin Behbahani in his sonnet  has raised philosophical topics such as creation, death, determinism, time, etc. due to the fact that all these concepts in her  sonnet are associated with a kind of philosophical despair  and it can be observed sometimes explicitly and indirectly- referring to signs such as pessimism and objection to creation, wish for death, delay and slowness of time, death of belief and belief in Internal and social constraints -  in her poems. Part of the causes of this despair can be considered to be rooted in personal issues such as family problems, passing of life and the experience of old age and sensitivity of the poet, loss of friends and loved ones, and part of it is related to the social and political issues of his society that it is full of suffocation and darkness for the poet, it is relevant

This study examines and compares the issues of ideology in the lexical, syntactic, and rhetorical layers of the poems composed by Simin Behbahani (1927-2014), an Iranian poetess, and Golrokhsar Safiava (b. 1947), a Tajik poetess. Both, poems are analyzed with regard to the dominant ideology of their time. In Behbahani's poem, the feminist ideology is more explicit and is characterized by modern words, feminine language and new perspective. Safiava's poem, however, does not express feminine feelings explicitly; indeed, feminine themes find their way into her poetry but are not dominant. Her poetry is mostly identified with nationalism. The ideology of both poets is revealed through all the three layers of language (lexical, syntactic and rhetorical). The symbols in Behbahani's poetry cover the feminist discourse, while the symbols in Safiava's poetry are national-patriotic with the color of war and defense. Ideologies are reflected in the linguistic layers of both, but Safiava is more explicit in this case. Her ideology is more distinguished in the lexical layer. In Behbahani's poem, the ideology is mainly of syntactic and rhetorical significance and gives the poem artistic individuality. From this point of view, Safiava's is claimed to have remained Clichéd.

Kowlivaareh is a collection of sixteen modern sonnets written by Simin Behbahaani, published in "Dasht Arjan" in 1362. While reading, the readers confront with a series of narratives by the main structure of dialogue; Therefore, the authors of this article have investigated and analyzed the conversational language of this collection. It's required to mention that the investigation and analysis of the conversational language in the narration is based on the theories of the structuralists, in which the linguistic elements involved in the conversation such as words, compounds, pronouns, tone, propositions Dialogue, literary elements in dialogue relations and the function of dialogue are examined and analyzed. In this article, the linguistic structure of Simin Behbahaani's Kowlivaarehaa has been investigated and the authors have found new and considerable results regarding the innovations of this great contemporary poet in modern sonnets. The function of dialogue in Simin Behbahaani's Kowlivaarehaa is carried out in the form of "reflection of the poet's inner states, description of the current situation and the demand for the desired situation" and the poet in these sixteen narratives, the Kowli - who is a symbol of she, herself and every free woman and man she calls for trying to build a better society.

Lyrical poetry is emotional poetry that comes from the depth of the poet's being and expresses his most original and intimate feelings. This type of poetry is a mirror of the whole interior view and expresses the poet's conscience, and it has different types, all of which are taken from the poet's emotional and fragile self, and their impact is due to the fact that it arises from the depth of being and sits on the heart. . One of the types of lyric poetry is Bath-al-Shakvi, which literally means complaint and heartache, and in it the poet rises to glory from all the factors that messed up his emotional, social, political and existential philosophy and the human race. And she undergoes changes and distortions, and sometimes she sits with the audience with tears, sometimes with reproaches, and sometimes with lamentations, and she expresses the causes of her suffering and distress. Simin Behbahani is one of the contemporary poets who has spoken in her poems in the form of complaints about the disorders of life such as the neglect of feelings, romantic resentment, as well as protesting the conditions of the society in which she lived and the suffering of the people of the time. In this article, the authors try to describe and analyze the types of complaints in the books of poems "Chalcharagh" and "yek dariche azadi" written by Simin Behbahani. The findings of the research show that personal complaints have a higher frequency than other complaints in both collections, and the reason for this can be seen in the failures of the poet's family life and her sensitive and feminine spirit. These complaints are the best way to find out the poet's mental and psychological characteristics and present a picture of her personal life to the audience

Nizar Qabbani and Simin Behbahani are renkowned as famous and stylish poets in Arabic and Persian literature. These two prominent poets have utilized the states and characteristics of children as a tool to express their feelings and emotions aligned with their tendency towards romantic style. As decleared by Nizar, childhood is considerd as the key feature of his personality and literary life and, accordingly, he has expressed the joys and sweet experiences of childhood in these poems. Furthermore, he never finds himself distinguished from the states of childhood. In opposition to that, Simin has spent a bitter childhood and this bitterness is reflected in his poems, although the childhood memories of two poets, one is sweet and the other is bitter, both of them are full of the characteristics and moods of children, such as love for play and mother. They have integrated features like innocence, beauty and tenderness, honesty and hopelessness, etc. for their romantic depictions. In this article, irrespective of the exisiting distinctions between the two poets in terms of their gender and nationality, childrens' moods and traits have been used by both as a vehicle to express their romantic feelings and emotions due to their shared human feelings.

Every glorious poem has a dominant idea that overshadows the whole work. The poet hides this idea in the form and structure of a sentence or a word. He then artistically marks some words so that the audience can identify the dominant idea through them. Has Simin Behbahani used this artistic function in the poem "I was that day ..."? It seems; To get the right answer, the benefit of Michael Rifater's theory of semiotics is more than any suitable theory. Due to this similarity, the present article has examined Simin's poetry based on the semiotic theory of this thinker and with a descriptive-analytical method. After examining the non-prescriptive elements, the results indicate that there are accumulations with the meanings of "snake", "laughter" and "fear" with a high frequency in the poem. After examining the descriptive systems with the approach of metaphorical clusters and with the nuclei of "traditional society", "demonic temperament" and "quasi-modern society", the hypograms of poetry were identified, the most important of which were: the symbol snake The demonic temperament of human beings and in patriarchal systems is most manifested in the existence of the male sex. Also, the comparison of accumulations, descriptive systems, and hypograms with the intertextual approach created the following structural matrix in the minds of the authors: The demonic temperament of a patriarchal system in traditional societies through folk games, oppression. It inspires girls. In a quasi-modern society, the teaching of oppression continues with modern methodses

The originality and identity of any country represents the heritage of that country. A high quantity of poets have played a prominent role in preserving the legacy of the past. In the meantime, female poets, alongside men, have devoted a great deal of attention to this matter and have been in harmony with them. Behbahani and Bostani, with respect to their extensive knowledge in the field of literature and history, have been able to succeed in taking advantage of their heritage. In spite of being originated in diverse regions, they have many commonalities in the use of national and religious heritage. This research, via applying a descriptive-analytical approach and based on the American school of thought, has dealt with the adaptation of heritage in the poems of these two poets. As it has been indicated by the results, the use of past glory is clearly reflected in their poems, so that Simin talks about the Sassanid kings, Hafez and Saadi, and Boshra mentions the kings of Iraq, Motanabi and AbuTamam, which shows the mastery of the two poets in their rich culture. Having stated that the two poets have experienced common events such as war, anti-tyranny is one of the prominent manifestations of their poetry. 
The word of “heritage” means something that has been inherited from the past and is subdivided into two major parts of material (tangible) and spiritual (intangible). The first division, which is material heritage, includes objects and places, and the second part, which is marked as spiritual heritage, includes cultural heritage, including language, religious beliefs, traditions, history, archetypes, myths, and customs of each nation. This is referred to as a reminder of the national identity of that country and their intermediary with the past. Simin Khalili (1998), known as Simin Behbahani, is known as a prominent contemporary poet and writer. She was selected as a nomitnated woman by the International Foundation for Women's Research, and, in addition, she was able to record dozens of scientific and academic awards in the field of poetry, especially sonnet, in her literary career. Precisely, she was given the title of “Lady of Sonnets” and “Half of Sonnets”. She is one of the poets whose poems have been translated into multiple languages ​​all over the world. Boshra Hamdi Albostani (1985) is a professor of Arabic literature, criticism and text analysis at the faculty of Literature of Mosul University and has several collections of poems and books in the field of criticism and fiction Some of her works have been translated into several languages. These two poets from two different lands have always been guardians of the ancient heritage of their land, and this influence is evident in their poems.
In this research, emplying a descriptive-analytical approach and based on the American school of thought, a comparative study of heritage in the poems of Simin Behbahani and Boshra has been provided. The writers have tried to present the common and different aspects of the thought of these two poets by processing the reflection of heritage in the poems of these two poets and explaining it as a new window to the rooted heritage of the past.
As the results of this research indicates, Simin Behbahani and Boshra Bostani, as two intellectual and committed poets, have been able to succeed in exploiting their past heritage due to their extensive knowledge and mastery in the field of literature and history. Simin, having a nationalistic tendency, believes that; If the Arabic language has distinguished pioneers, their origins and race are Iranian, while humanity continues to be proud of the ancient and deep-rooted Arab past, and both of them have spoken of their roots with full force. Since the birthplaces of two poets are Iran and Iraq, and these two countries are neighbors of each other, and both of them have shared events such as; have experienced war and occupation; Therefore, anti-tyranny (fight against tyranny and suffocation) and criticism of the society's situation are among the prominent manifestations of these two critical poets. The use of poets' names and past heritage is clearly visible in their poetry; Simin speaks of the Sassanid kings, Anushirvan, Hafez, Saadi and Jami, and Boshra mentions the kings of Iraq, Motanabi and Abu Tamam. In his poetry, besides Arabic myths, Boshra has used myths of other nations such as Rome and Greece, while Simin is more inclined towards Iranian myths. Also, Simin's influence of ancient heritage in the form of vocabulary is more than structural antiquity in human poetic language. The religious outlook and thinking formed in the existence of these two poets has caused them to look at the divine and religious values ​​with respect, but Quranic intertextuality is more prominent in Bostani's poetry than in Simin's.
The results of this research indicate that Simin Behbahani and Boshra Bostani, as two intellectual and committed poets, have been able to succeed in exploiting their past heritage due to their extensive knowledge and mastery in the field of literature and history. In her poetry, besides Arabic myths, Boshra has used myths of other nations such as Rome and Greece, while Simin is more inclined towards Iranian myths. Also, Simin's influence of ancient heritage in the form of vocabulary is more than structural antiquity in human poetic language, in terms of using the ancient Arab heritage, Boshra does not tie her poem to the audience's gaze, through pointing to the presence of the enemy in his country, which, according to his interpretation, jumps around like a viper. She tries to make the reader to wakes up the sleeplessness and indifference towards the past heritage. In contrast, Simin makes the audience excited and hopes for the future by saying again, "Misazamat-ei Watan".

Colors affect human understanding of the phenomena of existence. The mental tendency towards color and the use of its spectrums is a reflection of various psychological actions. Each color leaves a special effect on the human body and soul, which can be proven by the two sciences of physiology and psychology. Poets have a deeper understanding of colors due to their sensual and different view of the world, which is reflected in various ways of illustration, from simile and metaphor to sensibility, defamiliarization and symbolism. The present research has analyzed the poetry of Simin Behbahani and Golrokhsar Safi Ava, two contemporary women poets from Iran and Tajikistan tradition and innovation in their poetry, and many of the deep and incidental images in their poetry have been achieved through the use of color and the creation of innovative words. As a result, both of them have used the color "black" more than any other color in order to overcome, from the perspective of Max Loescher's color theory. Both poets tend to go beyond the sad and hopeless spirit; Nevertheless, in this area, Simin's poems have more frequency, variety of spectrum and more meanings in comparison with Golrokhsar, and its application takes on a realistic and descriptive form.

Death and life have always been two prominent and significant concepts in the view of thinkers, and many contemporary poets of Persian language and literature have looked at the issue of life and death from different perspectives. Among these, the point of view of three prominent female poets after Nima (Simin Behbahani, Forough Farrokhzad and Tahereh Safarzadeh) is of special importance. The main goal of the upcoming research is to explain the views of these poets on the concept of life and death and the impact and evaluation of the qualitative content of their thoughts and feelings in evaluating this issue.

The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, based on library studies and document analysis. The statistical community of the research includes a selection of the poems of all three poets, in which the categories of life and death are considered.

The research findings indicate that the individual, social, belief and ontological components and propositions are in complete relation with the viewpoint of each of the poets regarding the issue of life and death.

The research results indicate that the concept of life for Forough Farrokhzad with all its charms and beauties is sometimes absurd and meaningless. After being disappointed in love, being away from his child, being dissatisfied with the patriarchal and discriminatory society, Forough must somehow suffer from life and review its boring images every day. Simin is also pessimistic about life and this pessimism is the destruction of individual and social hopes and ideals in the poet"s mind. Safarzadeh is opposed to life and its sufferings, but he considers life and death with religious viewpoints, and this is the reason why he considers death as a kind of holy transcendence and life as a source of happiness.

Comparative literature is a means of crossing political, ethnic and cultural boundaries, where subjective data find the opportunity to develop and break out of their confines paving the way for getting acquainted with similar works among other ethnic groups. Indeed, the result will be the discovery of commonalities, the study of each can not only reveal the effects and interactions, but also unveil the influence of external and contextual factors in the formation of similar works. Comparative symbolism is beneficial in this framework and can pinpoint the factors influencing the formation of each. Obviously, resorting to symbols is in fact avoiding clarification, which is done due to various reasons. One prominent reason is to multiply the induced image by the number of audiences, and this breadth and multiplicity of the created image is one of the main reasons for durability of symbols in literary works.

This study follows a comparative descriptive approach to investigate the poems of two contemporary Iranian and Arab poets, namely Simin Behbahani and Nizar Qabbani, and the impressionability of each of these two poets in terms of use of symbol. It is obvious that symbols are used to avoid direct perspective was used to investigate the works of two contemporary Iranian and Arab poets, namely Simin Behbahani and Nizar Qabbani, in a library and descriptive manner, with the purpose of pinpointing the influence of symbols on these two poets.

Simin Behbahani is one of her contemporary modern lyricists. Simin has been considered Nimas of ghazal (Nimaye Ghazal) due to his innovations in the metre of Ghazal. The most important aspect of Simin's innovation is the metre of the sonnet(ghazal). However, Simin is a innovator poet in other aspects of the art of poetry. You can see especially her innovation and her effort to the innovation of poetic imagery. she has tried to use images in his poetry that are the result of individual vision, personal experiences, relying on objectivity and individualism, in accordance with the approach of imagery innovation in poetry. Based on this, he depicted as he saw and avoided clichés and repetitions as much as possible. Modern elements and contemporary phenomena in accordance with this individual vision and empiricism have a prominent place in his imagery and are considered one of the main origins of the poet's imagery innovation. The current research has tried to examine and analyze the dimensions of this imagery innovation and reveal the results of this new look and attitude in imagegry. The research findings prove the emphasis on innovation in imagery in Simin's poetry.

In the history of world culture, there has always been a deep connection between philosophy and literature. Later, with the emergence of philosophical schools such as nihilism, philosophical ideas played a central role in literature. Nihilism is an ideology that is usually associated with absolute negation; therefore, in it, the meaning of life, existence and being is lost. This philosophical school expanded significantly in the late 18th and early 19th centuries and entered various sciences. Nihilists look at the world around them with disgust and create the most unpleasant and undesirable images in their minds of life and the current world; In other words, nihilistic thoughts, which are associated with despair, hopelessness, separation from society and seclusion, cause a person to be separated from their real world and constantly complain about what is not acceptable and desirable in their isolation and besides complaining about the current situation, they should address the people of Dystopia, which is the opposite of Utopia. In general, the description of dystopia, which entered literary works from the 20th century, was aimed at criticizing the existing situation, describing disturbances, advising and warning about forgotten values, and drawing people's attention to the bad state of society; Therefore, in every work that has described the upside-down utopia (dystopia), they have tried to identify the utopia and ideal city.The present study has analyzed the poems of Simin Behbahani and Ghada Al-Samman with the descriptive-analytical method and based on the American school of comparative literature with the aim of showing the relationship between the philosophical school of nihilism and dystopia literature.Simin Behbahani and Ghada Al-Samman, who are considered to be the famous names of contemporary literature, have used poetry as a means of expressing their feelings and philosophical thoughts. Therefore, by emphasizing the elements such as emptiness, death thoughts, despair, sadness and pessimism, which the philosophy of nihilism is based on, they reflect an image of the undesired and dirty world around them in their poems, so to protest to what should be but is not. These unfavorable images are the same dystopia that is based on poverty, corruption, war, violence, injustice, discrimination, abnormality and irregularity. Since Simin Behbahani and Ghada Al-Samman have closely touched the problems, pains and sorrows of their society, they have turned to nihilistic thoughts because of the displeasure of the unfavorable political and social situation in their country and they consider life to be nothing and undesirable. This attitude and worldview comes to the fore with the creation of an upside-down utopia (dystopia) and the expression of the ugliness of society in their poetry. It seems that the most important factor in the depiction of dystopia in the poems of Simin and Ghada is the domination of nihilistic thoughts on their mind and consciousness and it also seems that the goal of these two poets is to reach a dreamy and ideal society that is free from injustice, gender inequality, war and violence, lack of freedom for all and disregard for values.Simin Behbahani and Ghada Al-Samman, in spite of the lack of communication and influence from each other, there is a great similarity between their nihilistic thoughts and dystopia. Both poets believe that injustice is the main foundation of dystopia and the biggest cause of the spread of poverty and classization of society, which leads the general public to despair and the society to ruin and destruction. Behbahani, who experienced the Iran-Iraq war, and Al-Samman, who closely experienced the Lebanese civil wars, have mentioned war and violence as a destructive factor in their poems, which leads to destruction and dystopia. Criticizing the lack of public freedom is one of the common features of Simin's and Ghada's poems. Because both poets believe that when freedom spreads among the general public, it follows the idealization of the society. Both poets with a feeling of despair and hopelessness of an unknown future have started to build an urban anti-utopia, where the limitations and problems of women, such as the lack of access to basic rights, lack of legal protection for women, gender inequality, patriarchy and lack of women's freedom and etc. are considered the most fundamental problems in this undesirable city. Also, in their poems, Simin and Ghada emphasize values such as humanity, kindness, honesty, non-racism, equality and non-arrogance; because both of them believe that ignoring the values and not paying attention to them will turn the society into a dystopia. Since Ghada al-Samman experienced many internal and external wars in his country and touched the limitations and problems of women in the Arab society, his nihilistic thoughts are deeper and more obvious than Simin Behbahani; for this reason, she tends to depict dystopia in layers of her poems. The purpose of both poets is to depict the upside-down utopia and express the ugliness and shortcomings of society, finding a way to eliminate these unpleasant features; In fact, they are trying to reach a dreamy and ideal city by expressing the dark corners of their society. In general, the anti-idealism of Simin and Ghada cities, in addition to revealing the political, social and cultural conditions governing their land, shows a wide range of personality and philosophical thoughts of these two poets.

Psychological criticism is one of the new fields in the field of contemporary literary criticism. One of the most influential theories in this field is Alfred Adler's theory of psychology in order to accurately understand a person's personality, thoughts and worldview. Alfred Adler is a prominent Austrian psychologist who, unlike his teacher Freud, sees the root of human behavior not in congenital physiological problems, but as a result of environmental and social factors. Adler emphasized the effective role of society and the surrounding environment on human behavior by putting forward the individualistic theory. The purpose of the present research is to analyze the poems of Simin Behbahani, a prominent contemporary poet, based on Alfred Adler's theory of social psychology.

The study method in the present research is descriptive-analytical, based on library studies and the method of document analysis. The statistical community in this article is Simin Behbahani's collection of poems. Analytical samples, evidences and examples have been selected in a selective and systematic way, and in order to achieve the goals of the article and obtain the required information, we have presented the poems that match the content of the research in terms of theme, as far as possible in this essay.

Simin Behbahani's poems have a large amount of social components and propositions for reading psychoanalytic criticism from the perspective of Alfred Adler. Simin is a poet whose desired perfection is to achieve a world where his fellow men, especially the women of the society, are in safety and peace.

Based on the theory of social interest in Adler's individualistic psychology, attention to social interest in Simin Behbahani's poems about his own kind, especially women, is very prominent. Participating in social affairs, paying attention to altruism, empathy and sympathy with the women of the society in Simin's poems makes it possible to consider him as a positive personality type. In general, it can be said that the social interest in Simin's poetry is summed up in trying to create better conditions for his fellow men, especially women.

Existentialism is a fledgling philosophy that emerged from the end of the 19th century, and it is the cornerstone of this school's meaning therapy. Loneliness is one of Yalom's anthropological foundations regarding the meaning of life. Loneliness is one of the themes that humans have faced throughout history and it is a meaning and concept in various fields such as mysticism and Sufism, psychology, philosophy and love. According to Yalom, the four anxieties of freedom, loneliness, death and meaninglessness are rooted in the truth of human existence. Yalom believes that in order to get rid of these four concerns, a person must create meaning and realize the truth of life, which is actually serving creation, creation and self-fulfillment. Also, in Simin's poetry, loneliness is one of the colorful manifestations that dominates the atmosphere of his sonnets. In their works and writings, both Simin and Yalom believe in fundamental loneliness and tried to solve this kind of loneliness and each of them presented specific solutions. In this research, the author aims to investigate and compare the anthropological foundations of the meaning of loneliness in the opinion of Simin Behbahani and Ervin Yalom, using descriptive-analytical method and library tools, and answer the question whether the theme of loneliness in Simin's poetry is the same as the fundamental loneliness of Yalom? And what is the solution for these two to solve loneliness and get rid of anxiety and worry in life?

Love is one of the recurring themes and as the most motivating element of life, which has enchanted the thought and language of poets with its charm and grace since long ago in the creation of romantic and lyrical works. In the field of psychology, several theories have been presented to better understand and explain love, the most influential of which is Robert Sternberg's love triangle theory. He believes that perfect love consists of three components: "intimacy, passion and commitment" and from the lack of each component, other types of love will be formed that are not perfect and will not have a favorable result. The current research is a theoretical study and it has been done in a descriptive-analytical way by referring to library sources, and its main purpose is to explain love and its types in the poems of Simin Behbahani and Alamtaj (Jale) Qaim Magi based on Sternberg's love triangle theory. The findings of the present research indicate that Simin Behbahani and Jale Ghaem Maggi, under the influence of various factors, such as personal experience and social issues of the age, addressed the theme of love and some of its types in their poetry, and it shows that rebellion against some norms and or social anomalies have caused the two mentioned poets to be driven to the theme of love in women; Lack of awareness of the dimensions of perfect love and ineffective choice causes the emergence of types of love, the evidence of which can be seen in the poems of Jaleh and Simin, and some of them can be matched with social problems.

Psychoanalytic criticism is a new and visionary criticism in which the researcher or critic aims to reveal hidden aspects or different behavioral angles and psychological signs in a given work, whether literary or… to analyze the personality of the writer, artist or fictional characters.Individualistic psychology was founded by Alfred Adler and one of the theories in this individualistic psychology is the theory of inferiority. In this article, which is done in a descriptive-analytical way based on document analysis and the method of library studies, the poems of two contemporary Iranian and Arab poets (Simin Behbahani, Ghadeh Al-Saman) are analyzed and examined based on the theory of inferiority complex based on Adler's individualistic psychology. Placed. The results of the research show that the feeling of inferiority in the poems of Simin Behbahani and Ghade Alsman was due to gender discrimination in the society, and the most important components and indicators that can be found in the poems based on Alfred Adler's individualistic psychology to deal with the feeling of inferiority These two female poets saw, including the mechanisms of superiority, social interest, despair and loneliness, isolation and withdrawal; Glory and protest and love.

The present article studies the dialogic factors in Simin Behbahani’s poems (1306-1393) based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s dialogism. Behbahani, one of the founders of Neo-Persian ghazal, uses her poems to communicate with her audience through presenting a fresh view of human beings and society. To achieve this aim, she uses modern language and narrative and fictional expressions, presenting her dialogues in different ways to introduce polyphony to her poetry. In this article, we try to use an analytical-descriptive method to answer these fundamental questions: what techniques cause polyphony in Simin Behbahani's lyric poems and what effect do the poet's poetic themes have in this regard? We argue that in her love poems, Simin uses her poetic individuality to speak to her lover in simple and fluent language, and to explain her romantic relationships in great detail. Furthermore, by dealing with romantic-social, domestic and political-social themes, and especially criticizing the situation of women, and by using techniques such as narration, conversation monologues, and through the use of intertextuality, rhetorical propositions, Grotesque and carnival, she has established an emotional connection with the elements around her and has provided the conditions for the presence of the "other" in her poetry to create a polyphonic atmosphere as opposed to the monologic atmosphere of traditional poetry.

Criticism of personality psychology is one of the new fields in the field of literary research. One of the new and influential theories in literary criticism in order to explain character is Karen Horne"s theory. Karen Horne is a prominent German psychologist who, unlike her teacher Freud, sees the root of human behavior not in physiological drives and congenital problems, but as a result of environmental and social factors. By proposing the theory of "triple personality types", Hornay emphasized the effective role of society and the surrounding environment on human behavior. The purpose of the present research is to analyze the poems of Simin Behbahani, a prominent contemporary poet, based on the social psychology theory of Karen Horne.

The study method in the present research is descriptive-analytical based on library studies and document analysis. The statistical community in this article is Simin Behbahani"s collection of poems. The examples have been selected in a selective and systematic way, and in order to achieve the goals of the article and obtain the necessary information, we have presented the poems that are thematically consistent with the content of the research, to the extent of the article.

According to the findings of the research, due to the bitter experiences of the surrounding world, social situations and conditions, discrimination and inequality, neurotic mental orientations can be observed in Simin"s poems, which, from Horne"s point of view, is the result of anxiety in the world around the poet.

The basic anxiety in Simin Behbahani"s poems has caused the formation of all three personality types: loving, solitary, and superior. Social problems, political and cultural situation, poverty, individual failures, emotional failure are all among the causes and reasons of the poet"s spiritual and behavioral orientations in the form of the three personality types mentioned by Karen Horne.

Modern sonnet is a new type of lyric with a new look and modern language that has emerged after the spread of modern poetry in the Iranian literary community. Simin Behbahani has introduced herself as one of the diligent pioneers of this poetic form with works such as: "Novelties", "Line of Speed ​​and Fire", "Arjan Plain", "A Window of Freedom" and "One, for example". Considering the effect of Nima's poetry on the emergence of new sonnets and the Simin’s new rendition in this type of sonnet, Nima's influence on Simin’s poetry cannot be ignored. In this research, the author has employed a descriptive-analytical method and library materials to examine Simin Behbahani's attitude towards herself, others and her environment in modern Nimai lyric poems. By examining such poems by Simin, it is concluded that Simin’s modern sonnet has combined forms for the romantic expression of social issues. Simin, with her numerous poems, has proved that many of the principles of Nimaian poetry can be applied in sonnets; According to the principle of poetic self-examination, in Simin Behbahani's new sonnets, there is no distance between the poet and her poetry. She is a socialist poet and similar to Nima has addressed current current social issues in her poetry.