جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "soft warfare" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Iran's Islamic Revolution, with its victories and successes in the field of domestic and foreign policy, provoked the enmity of America and its regional allies. The ideals of the Islamic system created a line of identity between the revolutionary liberating orientations. Various means of confronting the Islamic revolution, including military power in the eight-year war of the Baath regime against the Islamic Republic of Iran and economic and technological sanctions, could not achieve the goals. From the 1970s onwards, the use of cultural tools was included in the agenda of America and Western media. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution has always warned about the danger since the beginning of America's software and cultural actions. With the evolution of America's confrontational tools against the Islamic Republic of Iran, the discussion of hybrid warfare has been considered in the strategic literature. In his statements, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution has used the concept of hybrid war to explain America's new hostile behavior. In this research, the author seeks to a model from the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution's point of view in relation to soft war and its executive mechanism. Therefore, the following research question is raised: What are the components of the concept of hybrid war in the view of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, and what is the solution to deal with it from his point of view? In response to the above question, the following hypothesis is proposed. In the view of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, a hybrid war is a multi-level battle in which the enemy uses all his tools at the same time, and the way to deal with them is in a hybrid defense and using all The available capacities are summarized. The method of analysis in the current research is descriptive-explanatory, and documentary method is used to collect sources.

Today, with the development and expansion of communication technologies, we are witnessing an increasing use of communication media and mass media by all sections of society, and governments, are trying to expand their territory in the field of media by seizing this opportunity and this suitable platform. As we know, success in the media battlefield means preserving the country's identity, culture, and authority, which ultimately preserves national security. The aim of the current research is to identify the different aspects of passive defense on the media platform, which is descriptive and practical, and using the Grounded Theory method, after library studies, data extraction and coding, as well as deep and specialized interviews with experts, in order to present a strategic model of passive defense belonging to the media in Iran. The statistical community included ten experts from military and media organizations and experts in the field of soft warfare and media, who participated in the processes of coding, classifying concepts, identifying components and dimensions, and extracting the initial pattern. Based on the findings of this research, the pattern of passive defense on the media platform was extracted and summarized in three main dimensions and nine main components. The main dimensions include the time of execution of actions, performers and the type of actions, which is the most efficient and least expensive and of course the most effective type of defense in maintaining the national security of a country against the threats of psychological operations of the enemy media and can be of interest to researchers and performers of the soft media defense program.

This research is aimed at identifying the theories underlying satellite soft warfare, investigating various dimensions of the extent of the effects on the ideas of young people in relation to soft overthrow of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is also intended to identify various solutions to fight against the resulting threats. This research follows a qualitative research method and thematic analysis, some parts which are the results of the professional inference of the authors from the various texts. The data is collected by library study. The results indicated that the most significant role of satellite soft warfare develops in the media, and especially electronic media, which, given the capabilities and functions they can play in maintaining mental health and as one of the facilitators of identification for young people, or as a preparation for identity crisis and alienation of people from their culture, values ​​and beliefs in the near future. Given that an important part of youth identity is formed within the society, if  family units, educational centers and social entities perform their duties in relation to the people under their care with regard to their proper personality and identity, this can pave the way for the growth and flourishing of social self-reliance, self-recognition, free thinking, self-confidence, authority, independence, self-esteem, growth and development, and reaching at the peaks of individual and social perfection comprise the youth’s future.

The soft threat is today one of the most effective, efficient, least costly, and at the same time the most dangerous and complex type of threat against the national security of a country, which is at the lowest cost and without military campaign and eliminates physical resistance, emotions, thoughts, beliefs and values. Attacks the ideals and culture of a nation and political system; However, the role of prayer, as a weapon of the believer, has not been considered despite its effectiveness from the perspective of the Qur'an and hadiths; Therefore, this research has explained the position and role of prayer in soft warfare by descriptive-analytical method and relying on semantic knowledge. The semantics of prayer in the Holy Quran and its validation with common concepts and literature in soft war showed that prayer is in fact a powerful and effective tool in soft war and the manners of the prophets and infallible imams have been considered and its prominent example is crystallized in Sahifa Sajjadieh.

In recent decades, researchers have sought to gain a better understanding of the role of the media in soft warfare and psychological operations through interdisciplinary studies. Soft warfare without the use of hard power seeks to eliminate the thinking and thinking of the target community and psychological operations, planned efforts to influence the attitudes and behavior and to accompany the thinking of the target audience. Today, the media, due to the nature of awareness and information transfer, is known as the main platform for psychological operations. The present study is a descriptive-applied type that uses the data method of the foundation and Maxqda software, after library studies, Data extraction and coding as well as in-depth and specialized interviews with experts have been done in order to extract the pattern of psychological and media operations. The statistical population consisted of 10 experts in military and media organizations and experts in the field of soft warfare and psychological operations and the media who were involved in the processes of coding, classifying concepts, identifying components and dimensions, and extracting the initial pattern of participation. Have had. The research findings showed that the process of psychological warfare and psychological media operations include a diverse range of components and effective dimensions, including: methods, communication media, target community, approaches, goals, He pointed out its contexts and consequences.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the harms caused by cyberspace in the educational model of students in the virtual education process. The expansion of communication and its diversity in the modern world, along with its advantages, has brought many disadvantages to human beings. The arrogant regime, which seeks to conquer and transform the cultural values ​​of its opposing countries, is trying to make the most of the existing space. Spending heavy costs on building filter-breakers, building various games with the aim of promoting Western values, and Humiliating the culture of other countries, making cyberspace attractive in different ways shows its great ability to change values. In his book Soft Warfare, Joseph Nye emphasizes ways to change countries' values ​​and beliefs in order to dominate them.The findings of this study show that e-learning, along with its positive capabilities due to more access to students and students who previously did not have access to this space for any reason, makes them familiar with social networking space and access to equipped phones. It has been made to the Android system that can acquaint them with the charms of this space and for various reasons such as cultural invasion, lack of media literacy, relative freedom in this space, unknown identity of individuals, lack of proper management and supervision by families. And ... cause changes in their role modeling contrary to the educational and moral goals of the country's education system.

With the victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1978, the American domination of Iran came to an end and a new era in the country's relations with Iran began. Global arrogance and international Zionism have always been hostile to Iran since then. The common denominator of all hegemonic policies has been the transformation of the Islamic Revolution and the overthrow of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the early years of the victory of the glorious Islamic Revolution, they sought to divide Iran and turn it into a small, regional-free country by fomenting ethnic and religious differences. From the spring of 1980 to September of the same year, they planned the military aggression of Tabas and the Nojeh coup in the form of a direct military attack, which also failed. Since September 1980, with the support of arms, intelligence and financial support from Iraq, this country has been provoked to impose a full-scale military war against Iran. Then, from the early sixties until now, by designing and organizing the strategy of soft war and collapse, they decided to change from within, thus weakening Iran's national power and its geopolitical and geostrategic position and isolating Iran in the international arena. In this strategy, by organizing their cultural, political, psychological and propaganda aggression and purging themselves in the public opinion of the Iranian nation, especially in the young generation, they are attacking the Islamic faith and national and national values ​​in the course of their work and by inducing the inefficiency of the system. They exaggerate the positive achievements of the past.

Looking at recent developments in international affairs and increasing the role of the media in streamlining the foreign policy cycle, a new arena has emerged in foreign policy which is called media diplomacy, which in principle influences the role of the media in world public opinion and policy change. The impact of global television on resolving political issues and using them as a tool to guide public opinion and put pressure on those involved in foreign policy (as a tool of soft warfare) prompted the author to highlight the effectiveness of international communication in information exchange and international political propaganda; provide a new reading of soft warfare at the level of international relations. Some thinkers believe that in today's turbulent world, global broadcasting by international television networks is essential. Today, global television networks, with the coverage of world news and international events, attract public opinion to the events they are interested in and induce their analysis and interpretation. According to the author, the international flow of information is such that technocrat countries gathering information and communication by creating myths, commercial and political propaganda, conveys their messages to many audiences at the national and international levels, and conveys the necessary political, economic and cultural information in line with their political interests.

Mild training refers to a type of training that emphasizes on the unconscious or semi-conscious transference of concepts to the mind of the trainees for creating a soft and constant change in them. This method of education, the most important advantage of which is to counter cultural aggression and soft warfare, relies on two very important foundations including the existence of a conscious or semi-conscious section in human mind and the transformability and multiplicity of education. This library research is intended to review soft educational method with emphasis on Shiite narrative sources through a descriptive-analytical approach. The results indicated that Islamic leaders have practiced three types of training which include:  “training by command”, “soft training”, and the combined “command-soft method”.  The soft method was not specific to a certain field; rather, it was practiced in ethical issues, subjects relating to faith, and issues relating to religious instructions. However, the frequency of using this method in religious instructions is higher than others.  They employed art and artistic language for the satisfaction of the study. This included various techniques such as: allegory, mental denial, dramatic actions, illustration, gift-giving, pragmatism, geometric shapes, etc.

The security organization of the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in order to be at the level of the Islamic society and to achieve and objectify the goals, mission and organizational tasks, must follow the wise strategies and guidelines of Imam Khamenei, the Supreme Leader and find complete nobility in the subject of his instructions. Recognition and implementation of Imam Khamenei's intellectual system in the NAJA by its security organization, as one of the arms of this force can help this organization to be at the level of the Islamic Republic. Understanding this important research was conducted with the aim of "identifying the effective components in improving the level of awareness and intelligence of NAJA personnel against the threats and injuries of soft war based on the intellectual system of Imam Khamenei"

The research has been an applied-developmental research in terms of purpose. Depending on the data collection method, the qualitative method is used with the exploratory approach of content analysis.

The findings of the study showed that from the perspective of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, Imam Khamenei, there are two important and fundamental strategies for improving the level of awareness and intelligence of the community in general and NAJA personnel in particular against the threats and injuries of soft warThe solution was counted and formulated as "smartening" and "culture building".Intelligence oversees the accurate recognition of enemy targets, characteristics and strategies in the field of soft warfare by NAJA personnel, and culture building is considered as an important strategy to protect personnel against the threats of soft warfare. In this way, in the stage of smartening the employees, they have reached a complete and comprehensive knowledge, and in the stage of creating culture, by institutionalizing the patterns governing the religious culture of the Islamic system, they gain the ability to confront the enemy strategies in the field of soft war.Therefore, in this research, the two concepts of "intelligence" and "culturalization" are complementary  to each other, which multiply each other.

Soft warfare is one of the most prominent concepts in the words of the Supreme Leader. In his views, by soft warfare, the West aims to make the hearts and minds doubtful, destroy the spiritual bases, convert the strengths into weaknesses, and the opportunities into threats. In other words, achieving these goals can indicate the effectiveness of the soft warfare, and it will also bring adverse consequences for the country if this war targets the national military community as the hard power guardians. The present article has used a survey method of the viewpoints of AJA universities’ professors to examine the relationship between various dimensions of the armed forces’ religious beliefs and fighting against soft warfare in the theoretical framework of the Supreme Leader’s statements. After analyzing the data using Spearman’s statistical test, it was found that there is a probability of more than 99 percent of a very strong relationship between the spirit of being a volunteer for the martyrdom, adherence to velayat-e faqih and pure Islam and the fighting against the goals of soft warfare. Thus, fighting against soft warfare can be facilitated by strengthening the dimensions of religious beliefs.

Human life in the contemporary world is surrounded by the media, which, as the most important means of transmission, have consistently targeted the existential structure of the audience. Due to the soft war, religious missionaries will have to equip with media literacy to spread Islamic education. Media literacy is a form of knowledge and skills in the field of the media that a person finds power to recognize the truth from non-real and honest and false messages. The current research, while addressing the issue, aims to analyze the necessity of media literacy based on religious teachings. As an example the Quran emphasizes that if you have received news, you should investigate and do not accept it a hurry. Also, by analyzing the verses shows rumors without the basis of information as a sign of the weakness of faith, or also verses about precaution to the place where not the science and certainty, or divine command to the Prophet in order to avoid doubts and reach insight, the necessity of media insight for missionaries is understood. In addition to analyzing the necessity of media literacy in religious teachings, some religious criteria have been introduced in this research in order to distinguish valid media from invalid and to distinguish the right message from the wrong one. For an instance not disgusting the believers and preserving the unity of Muslims or non-differences among believers, are some of these criteria.

This research is aimed at investigating factors affecting the promotion of the insight of the commanders of Sepah in fighting against soft war. Using a descriptive-analytic method, this applied research follows library and field studies for collecting data. While conducting theoretical studies and field observations, the researchers attempted to take an effective step to achieve the goal of research and to provide an answer to the question of how the effective the factors are, and to explain their impact on promoting the insight of the IRGC commanders in fighting against soft war. Hence, having conducted theoretical studies and field surveys at the construction headquarters of Khatam-al-Anbia, the components and factors contributing to the promotion of the level of insight of the commanders of the IRGC in fighting soft war were identified, and the conceptual model of the research was designed. Finally, the factors were classified in a questionnaire consisting of 22 closed questions to receive the opinion of the population of the statistical sample. The questionnaire was distributed among 28 experts in the community of total population sampling. Having collected the questionnaires and having analyzed the opinions of the sample group, the researchers analyzed the data using statistical techniques and methods ending in an answer to the research question. Three components of the affirmative and preventive factors of promoting the insight of commanders' were identified in 22 factors. In terms of their average priority, their impact as effective factors in promoting the level of insight of the commanders of the Revolutionary Guards in fighting soft war was explained.

In the paper, it has been intended to study the great leader`s speeches on the process of infiltration and, then, conceptualize the subject and infer the process and mechanism of infiltration on his system of thought. The method of grounded-theory has been used in the study. all leader`s speeches have been gathered, classified into open, pivotal and selected classes and analyzed. The model of infiltration, as reflected in the great leader`s speeches, includes six steps: primary grounds of infiltration, methods of infiltration, facing infiltration, those making the ground for infiltration, the domain of infiltration and the fruits of infiltration. It seems that being aware of the process and mechanism of infiltration would lead to an exact perception of the leader`s system of discourse. The fact itself, in its turn, would help those in search of some strategy to act against the process.

Policy making is a word which usually accompanies by government content. Government strategy in defending area and government plan for security is named security policy making. The goal of policy making is to accelerate or decelerate a changing movement in a part, therefore; policy makings make changes inevitably which should be managed. The mission of the present research is to design a major policy making for soft power (soft warfare) to reach national soft security. According to Joseph Nai, to face soft warfare holding soft power to obtain national soft security should consist of three main criteria; 1. Cultural attraction, 2. Internal political ideals, 3. Foreign policies of a state to own the capability of gaining “ideality” of internal system and foreign societies through attraction and not force or bribing. Vikers (2008) classifies the main elements of a soft power into; 1. Psychological, 2. Social, 3. Political, 4. Cultural, and 5. Scientific elements. According to Imam Khomeini, as he mentioned in his spiritual -political last will, fundamental criteria of soft power are as follows: 1. Cultural, spiritual, social, 2. Science and industry, 3. Economic, 4. Political and military. These criteria in soft power frame, based on the opinions of Imam Khameneyee, are also determined in four groups: 1. Cultural, 2. Scientific-Technologic, 3. Unity and National Identity, political steadiness, 4. Economic and defending. Islamic Republic of Iran Constitution stresses on four powers of; 1. Cultural, 2. Social, 3. Political (domestic& foreign), 4. Economic, to create a soft power and deems them as the main principle for the state development. In the proposed four-dimensional model of this paper, the main criteria for structure of resource of soft power regarding to providing soft security and preventing soft war, includes: Cultural- Social, 2. Scientific-Technological, 3. Political (domestic & foreign), 4. Economic. The following actions have been performed to examine the proposed model: Considering the four resources of soft power and their priority comparing with each other through Delphi and AHP methods Considering the parameters of four resources of soft power and national soft security as well as their priority and abbreviating them through Delphi and AHP methods Measuring the relation of evaluated parameters with indices of national soft security through AHP The relation of permanence and validity and accuracy of answers by Pierson impetus indices Findings of the study reveal that: 1. The main priority of soft power resources is cultural-social soft power, which gained the most marks. 2. The second priority of soft power resources is scientific-technological soft power, which is deemed as the second resource to provide soft power. 3. The third resource in the measurements is political (domestic & foreign) resource. 4. The weakest resource in soft power resources is economic resource. Ideal Model: 3. One-dimensional model “Cultural-Social” 4. The cultural-social resource is the one-dimensional producer of soft power for national soft security which can provide a short-term effect solely. 5. Two-Dimensional model “Cultural-Social” & “Scientific-Technologic” 6. This model enjoys a more strength and effect on production of national soft security. 7. Three-Dimensional model “Cultural-Social” & “Scientific-Technologic”& “Political (domestic & foreign)” 1. Four-Dimensional model “Cultural-Social” & “Scientific-Technologic”& “Political (domestic & foreign)” & “Economic” 2. This model is complete and comprehensive for policy making of effective resources to remove threats and soft war and develops national soft power and makes use of the highest capacities of existing state soft power. Finally, after conclusion, some proposals have been offered to organization, researchers, thinkers and scientists to continue the way.

Iran’s political developments in 1388، paved the ground for the development of strategic and security literature. It was in this way that issues such as soft threat، soft power، and soft war came to be considered. Generally speaking، the facts of international policy from the ancient times indicate that there had also existed features of «soft war» in parallel with local، national، and regional conflicts fought with war instruments. In this regard، Sun Tzu counts as the first theorist who presented his ideas 400 before Christ. This indicates that although strategic literature has been enhanced، its intellectual infrastructures and thoughts have remained constant to a great extent. The conflicting strategies to soft warfare indicate that this approach will have various and different behavior patterns. Every executive agent makes use of a specific paradigm. Of the ancient theorists who have presentedarguments about soft war، a reference can be made to Sun Tzu، Jomini، Clausewitz، and Liddell hart. It was many years before Christ to «the age of classic strategy» that they managed to present their approaches about various political، psychological، social، and strategic issues. In the modern age، one can refer to the approaches and literature presented by the modern strategists who developed the issue of soft war in the form of social processes، capturing minds، organizing the ideas، surprising andultimately the soft threats. Among these scholars are Joseph Nye، Campbel، Cooper، and Richard Hass. The above mentioned theorists considered a specific behavior pattern in strategic conflicts. Whereas the Islamic Republic of Iran is subject to soft war، so it is necessary to consider the operationaland executive reflections of such approaches. Each of the conflicting approaches to soft war constitutes part of the reality of strategic behavior. In this regard، the literature of soft war can be consideredon the basis of the models of strategic thought in the modern age. Such concepts can be known to be the intellectual infrastructure of political subversion. Soft war reflects some features of the conflict and influencing the political power through non-military means. This article rethinks the reflection of the different approaches of strategic thinking in soft war، and its effects in the processes of the actors” security competition. It is understandable that the most important object of this article is for the effects of conflicting approaches to soft war on the security of the Islamic Revolution of Iran to be examined. It follows that “the comparative approach in explaining soft war” can be considered as the “theoretical framework” of the present article.