جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "یاکوبسن" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic are two theories of linguistics. According to Jakobson, these two processes appear figuratively and virtually in verbal art and are considered a method for identifying literary and artistic styles. Persian literature has several distinct literary periods that can be categorized stylistically based on the poets' inclination toward these axes. In different periods of the Persian language, we observe works that are composed in response to and in the same form and style as famous works, which are referred to as "mujāvāt" in literary terminology. The characteristic feature of these poems is the presence of linguistic signs that guide the audience to the intention and author of the poem. The importance of the art of response, which is specific to Iranians, lies in its role in expanding and disseminating poetry in terms of meaning and placing it in an unfinished and continuous space. Therefore, due to its significance and position in Persian literature, this article examines the literary role and functioning of linguistic axes in some responsive poems using a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of this study demonstrate that poets have paid attention to this matter by aligning their responses with the intended axis and in accordance with it

Jakobson’s model of language functions categorizes effective acts of communication into six distinct functions: referential, emotive, conative, phatic, metalingual, and poetic. According to Jakobson, artists can influence the audience by utilizing these functions to channel their message. The functions of language, alongside their orientations toward the addressee, addresser, message and other components, play a crucial role in determining the writer’s mode of expression and the portrayal of the world around them, which can result in distinct representations of the same subject. This study focuses on examining and analyzing the effects of language functions in Hāfez’s ghazals based on Jakobson’s communication process, utilizing a descriptive-analytical method and library resources,. The research takes a predominantly structuralist approach, with the Ghani-Qazvini edition of Hāfez’s poems serving as the base source. By incorporating linguistic findings and the poetic function of language, the research aims to illustrate the poetic manipulations of language employed by Hāfez in his ghazals. It is these intentional manipulations of language that contribute to the lasting appeal and endurance of Hāfez’s poems. The findings of the research highlight that, considering the linguistic and thematic characteristics of Hāfez’s ghazals, each language functions, according to Jacobson’s theory of communication, can be examined through three axes: 1) structure, 2) theme, 3) audience. The analysis of sentence structures, such as bipartite, tripartite, and quadripartite sentences, reveal that primary and secondary elements encompassing subjective, complementary, objective, predicative, and adverbial functions, all play a role in conveying the poet’s intended message in most verses.

Analyzing the symbolic concepts of animals in the poems of Madi Akhvan based on Jakobson's theory of verbal communication Polysemy elements are one of the most widely used indirect methods of expression in contemporary poetry, and among them, the symbol is the main artistic technique of modern poets, which is always used by committed creators to express social and political purposes. This study analyzes the critical and social symbols of animals in the poetry of Akhavan while examining linguistic roles based on Jacobson’s verbal communication pattern. Akhavan has given a special character to poetry due to the use of symbols that are rooted in the culture of ancient Iran, and because animals in the poetry of Akhavan are often used in a symbolic sense, the basis of the work is the role of metalanguage. The most important purpose of this article is to receive abstract messages and social and critical concepts embedded in animal symbols and to express social corruptions in the poet's homeland poems. Findings show that the symbols of the Akhavan are a representation of the conditions governing society and social and political unspoken. The method of collecting information is library and documentary and the statistical population of the study includes the Book of Poems of Mahdi Akhavan- Sales. The present research has been compiled in an analytical and descriptive manner that is suitable for conveying educational, social and symbolic concepts. And the messages of Akhavan in most poems reflect the metalanguage, emotional, referential and persuasive functions.

The analysis of texts based on new theories of literary criticism is one of the ways to be informed about their structural aspects in the present age. One of these theories is the communication model of Jacobsen, a Russian linguist. Jacobsen focuses more on the issues of linguistic structure in poetry and considers poetry as an integral part of linguistics. As he implements, communication is defined through the six functions of emotive, conative, phatic, referential, metalinguistic, and poetic language. This study tries to investigate the structure of language and its basic functions from the perspective of Yakubsen communication model in the poems of contemporary Syrian poet Sanieh Saleh (1935-1985) and contemporary Iranian poet Tahereh Saffarzadeh (1936-2007) in a comparative and descriptive-analytical approach. Having considered the poetic coordinates as well as the themes in Saffarzadeh's "Didar-e Sobh", the findings reveal that the predominant aspect of its linguistic functions is in the order of its functions that is referential, conative, and poetic similar to the emotive, poetic, and referential functions that are among the dominant theological functions in the Divan of “alzaman aldayq” from Sanieh Saleh. The study of the communication process in the Diwan Poetry of both poets has been effective in getting better and more familiar with their attitudes, ideas and thoughts.

Verbal communication, which has a history as long as human life, has been a place of emphasis and attention in the religious teachings of divine prophets from the very beginning, and they have not avoided employing it during their mission to guide their people, as well as to emphasize the word and prove their righteousness. In the present era, thinkers such as Roman Jacobsen have investigated the quantitative and qualitative structure of verbal communication with a scientific approach. The present essay is due to the importance of the principle of prophecy and prophethood in the guidance and happiness of people, as well as the capabilities of verbal communication in changing thoughts, beliefs, and lifestyles and in general the guidance and happiness of people, and most importantly, the capacities of Jacobsen's theory of verbal communication in the analysis of religious texts; The verbal communication of the prophets as one of the most important means of carrying out the mission has been investigated based on this well-known scientific theory, and the six functions and roles of language from Jacobsen's point of view in a part of religious texts including a selection of verses that the prophets spoke to their relatives and Also, he has analyzed the words of the Prophets' relatives with them in a selective way, which was mainly focused on examining the verses of Surah Ghafar. The aim of the research was a better and deeper understanding of the words of guidance of the prophets, using a descriptive-analytical method and a linguistic approach. The findings of the research show that despite the powerful presence of all verbal roles in the verbal communication of the prophets with their relatives, the persuasive and referential role of language is stronger than other linguistic roles. The reason for the predominance of the reference role can be found in the guiding mission of the prophets and the educational and awareness-raising feature of their words and their guiding role.

As a committed and popular poet, Parvin Etesami has given great importance to group concerns in her poems. In this regard, he has an educational look in the poem "This black snake has made the world enchanting" and explains a set of moral do's and don'ts, and uses his words in the best way to communicate with a general and specific audience. The main purpose and issue of the present study is to address the quality of representation of the teachings of Andarzi in the poem based on the principles of Jacobsen's theory of verbal communication. The reason for using Jacobsen's theory is that he has referred to the various dimensions of the recipient (addressee) and sender (creator) communication aspects in his views. Therefore, by using it, new angles of the intellectual level of Parvin's poetry style can be examined. The results show that the motivating role of language in this poem has been to lead the audience to perform moral duties and avoid the shortcomings of the secretary. Relying on the role of empathy, the poet has highlighted the role of the audience in reading and understanding the text. The emotional role expresses the dominance of Parvin's social self over her personal self. The referential role expresses the poet's attempt to explain the concept of secularism with emphasis on religious and mystical components. The literary role demonstrates the power of Parvin's illustration to arouse the audience's aesthetic sense and add to his understanding. The role of metalanguage in this poem has been formed by using simple and quick animal codes, which provides access to a wider range of audiences to the content of his poems.

Critical analysis of different books, if in accordance with scientific principles, is a desirable and valuable activity. In the light of critical thinking and relying on scientific principles and foundations, growth and development will be achieved in various fields. Accordingly, the critical analysis of the book "Function and functionalism in Arabic rhetoric" by Alireza Mohammad Rezaei and Mehran Gholamalizadeh through close reading and adaptation to Jacobsen's theory and with the aim of providing a correct and useful critique in the light of cash and linguistic sources, Has been selected as the main issue of this research. Despite writing the book from the dissertation, this work has not benefited much from the advantages of being a dissertation and its professors and judges.The research findings show that the contents of the book are manifestations of Jacobsen's theory of linguistic communication in the Qur'an and some poetry and prose; Jacobsen himself is a great absentee of the form and content of the book. Although, the authors sought to present a new form of Arabic linguistic and rhetorical research; In practice and in adapting the examples to the theory, explanation and definition of different functions using reliable sources, they have acted in a rudimentary and superficial way and have not achieved much success.

Roman Jacobsen, a linguist and formalist of the Russian school, attributed six roles to language in her theory of communication: emotional, persuasive, referential, metalanguage, empathy, and literature. Jacobsen considers the six components of the verbal communication process and the process of communication: The speaker, the audience, the communication channel, the code, the message and the subject, which is the result of meaning, determine the six roles of language. Relying on Jacobsen's theory of communication, this article tries to examine the verbal behavior of Ahmad Matr in two poems (Ramad) and (Jarum Major) and to determine the linguistic roles in these two works. The method of this research is analytical and descriptive and answers to the question that; which linguistic roles did Ahmad Matar's verbal behavior create in the process of communication? Findings show that the rules used and the norms of language and normative and communication channels such as words and sounds in Ahmad Matar's poetry are determiners the language roles, And the audience in each of them finds out the poet's message with the help of decoding and discovering the fit between words and sounds and the coordination of each one with the subject of the work.

To identify and understand the absurd works efficiently, we need to realize the elements like the silence to recognize the theme and the writers’ messages precisely well. Analyzing and understanding silence instead of words help to decipher the richness of such works’ interpretation and criticism. The researchers have already strived to work on various kinds of silence to picture absurdity in some selected literary works of the world. In this study, the researchers have worked on how these absurd writers and playwrights use silence as a means to depict the descent, loneliness, isolation of individuals and demonstrate language as the cause of language deficiency for expressing absurd theme. The body of research consists of four plays entitled “Waiting for Godot” and” Endgame” by Beckett, “The room” by Pinter, “The cold Air” by Pinera ,and a novel named “The Blind Owl” by Hedayat. The research methodology has been descriptive analysis and data has been gathered through library research in Ephratt’s framework. The research showed the silence taken from the absurd works can indicate isolation, indecision, fear, aimlessness, misery, and confusion that lead to nothingness (absurdity). The outcome of this research is to achieve the diverse types of silence in Absurd Literary Style. Besides, it identifies the thoughts and attitudes of absurd writers to employ silence for demonstrating unarticulated parts of such postmodern works. Relying on this element, the reader or audience can succeed in comprehending the unstated words of these works.

Prose books of Sufi have two types of expression: books with defeated expression style (kalām-e Maqlub) that express the states of mystic in the world of ecstasy, and books with a rich expression style (kalām-e motamakken) that express the principles of Sufism. Using analytical-descriptive method and based on Roman Jakobson's theory of the metaphoric and poles of language, the present article wants to examine Rouzbahan Bagali's ecstatic sayings (shathiyyat). Accepting Saussure's statement about paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes, Jakobson argues that metonymy is linked to the syntagmatic axis and metaphor is based on paradigmatic relations. Jakobson believes that prose has a metonymic nature but the role of poetry is metaphorical. The main question of the present research is which figures of speech has Rouzbahan, in Sharh al-shathiyyat, used the most? The results show that he employs both metaphoric and metonymic poles of language in his work. When he describes God and the Rashidun Caliphs, his way of expression has a metonymic nature, and when he describes the shathiyyat of mystics, his his style of expression is metaphorical.

The communicative theory is one of the subjects discussed in the language pragmatics that language and its applied methods in the communication process are investigated. In this process, there are six-part elements, of which the two elements, the addresser or the composer, as well as the addressee, are key elements, without which communication is meaningless. The addresser uses common codes between himself/herself and the addressee to transpose a message about something beyond the context and through a specific communicative circuit to the addressee. A message whose function in the context is measured according to the intention of the user of the language, namely the addresser. In Jakobson's view, the role and function of language will be different if the message, as the center of gravity, is addressed to each of the elements involved in the communication process. By adapting this diagram to Nahj al-Balaghah's letters, in addition to determining the linguistic functions in different contexts, the present study tries to investigate the effect of the addresser's intention and the type of message addressee on the language function. For this purpose, four letters that were sent in different contextual situations, and addressed to different receivers were selected by descriptive-analytical and statistical methods compared to their linguistic functions. The result of this comparison signifies although specifying linguistic functions in context clarifies the addresser of the message, it does not present a thorough analysis of the text.

Attar has described his perceptions and intuitions with the knowledge that he has from self, God, creation and using the unlimited power of pen and speech. The choice of language of poetry and art has helped him to express himself more effectively. Considering that he is one of the most prominent mystic poets who has had a tremendous impact on the poetry of poets after him and the popularity of his works has increased over time and centuries; This research with analytical-comparative method intends to explore this work with the aim of achieving a better and more accurate understanding of "Elahinameh" from the perspective of Jacobsen's theory of linguistic roles. A review of the book "Elahinameh" based on Jacobsen's theory of communication makes it clear that all of Jacobsen's linguistic functions can be seen in Attar's poetry. It is in accordance with these content components that the audience communicates with Attar's work, Attar knows his audience well and establishes empathetic communication with him in various ways.

Ferdowsi, in his work, has spoken in the corpus of narrated stories of myths. In many cases, cipher and allegory are included in the mythological concept. The story of Zal is one of the most perverse of them, which has a different expression for the narrative of cultural adventures and messages. This research, while analyzing the linguistic and communicative elements of language, message, audience and sender, is based on the verbal communication pattern of Kaboson, to re-examine the codes and symbols. Accordingly, the focus is on the role of phrasalism. The extent of the effect of linguistic roles on readers and the frequency of each of them, identification, ciphers and parables included in the Zal story, the understanding and reception of implicit abstract concepts, which are implicitly expressed, are the objectives of the research. The results of the study show that language roles are an effective tool for understanding secondaray meanings and interpreting the symbolic language of myth and is also a criterion for classifying allegorical and symbolic works in the epic context. Also, a good way to find out the extent to which cryptographic, inclusive messages are addressed to readers. In the end, it must be acknowledged that the aesthetics of epic and mythical stories are more and more evident in the light of this theory.

In the present study, with the aim of identifying and introducing the pyr-v -jvan , Mirza Nasir Isfahani, the linguistic and rhetorical features of this work have been analyzed based on Jacobson''s linguistic theory. Jakobson has used six aspects of communication theory in literature: 1. message (literary role) 2. Message sender (writer or poet) 3. recipients (contacts) 4. codes (rules and norms of language) 5. contact fields (social and cultural status) 6. contact ducts (words or sounds). pyr-v -jvan poetry was written in the 12th century AH in the Zandieh era, and the subject of this conversation is old and young in the subject of sadness and love. A review of this work is illustrated by the Jakobson theory, The result shows: At the heart of the process of communication among the six roles is the literary role of language because of the variety of texts, especially in the first part of the poem. t has influenced other linguistic roles and has led to aesthetics

Language is a set of signs, causes, and effects that make a particular cohesion, the foundation of literary creation, and the provider of new thoughts. Ferdowsi speaks of myth and mystery in some of Shahnameh`s stories, such as Ardeshir`s story and Karam Haftdad, which is presented in allegorical and different way. In addition to analyzing linguistic roles and communication model, this study examines the hidden codes and symbols in the story.Because of the coded allegories in the story, the main role of meta- language is that the main purpose of this study to understand and receive abstract messages and identify important secondary historical, social, and political meanings that have been codified. Understanding the new category of allegorical and symbolic works at the height of the epic and the kind of teaching that is also reported in historical stories.Finally, we find that Jacobson`s linguistic roles are appropriate for understanding the effect of coding, persuasion, and referral messages.

Different methods can be adopted to do an aesthetic study on a literary work. The theory of virtual pole and metaphor formulated by Jacobson is one of them. Jacobson believes that when language separates from the zero point and moves towards becoming an art, it may move towards the virtual pole or flow towards the metaphorical pole in order to get a text to the borders of literariness and beauty. Writers of prose write and combine words with a tendency towards the virtual pole of language. History of Sistan is one of the important works of prose for its excellent display of the virtual pole of language. This study employs Jacobson’s theory to examine History of Sistan and extract its aesthetic factors. It concludes that the value of this book is due to its language and the literary and structural linguistic features the author uses has caused his work to be one of the finest works of prose.

In the science of narration in every text narrative there are two levels - the world of narration and the world of narration - and the manifestation of these two worlds in Elahi Nameh of Attar has created a certain narrative form. In this regard, in the narrative of this book, the tangible writer initially narrates the story of the world through narration, and the narrative of the story is inward. Then, suddenly, his address to the world of narrative and storytelling is interrupted into the story, and in the dress of adventure, he realizes the narrative Hear a story. The narrative of the listener is an integral part of any narrative text. Also narration, relying on the narrative levels of the story, is divided into two kinds of narrative narratives in the narrative and the narrative of the narrative, when the tangible writer addresses the tangible singer), So that in the fictional literature, no text can be found that is empty of the narrative . The present study is descriptive-analytic and uses library resources to study the narratives and the narrative basis of hearing in Elahi Nameh of Attar. The results of this study indicate that the passage from the narrative of the story through the narrative in the narrative of the story is in the Elahi Nameh of the letter due to the specific type of literature and the existence of ethics by the tangible writer.

Based on Jakobson and Michael Ephratt about communication roles between speaker and listener, a meaningful message would transfer through a physical channel. They believe that this communicative pattern is proved in all verbal interactions. When a mystic intends to show a world in which words lose their application, sometimes narrates stories which encourage silence. According to Jakobson's communication pattern we may enjoy silence in communication process and find the joy of peace in six communicational roles. The results of the present research show the application of some silence communicational roles in Molana's words are more frequent.

Every human being needs to send, receive and comprehend messages in a linguistic communication. In other words, Human beings code their massages and decode others’ messages. This communication can occur in a context of six elements, namely, addresser, content, contact, code, message and addressee. Abu Ya'qub Sejestani was an iranian dialectical theologian in the fourth century. Due to his research subject, namely, Ismaili dialectical theology, he studied precisely the mind and language system and the conditions of success or failure in a linguistic communication as an introduction to dialectical discussions. But, unfortunately, his linguistic theories were neglected due to researchers’ dialectical approach to his book Kashf-ul-Mahjoob. This study is going to plan an efficient communication model based on mind and language system and its structure and elements in Sejestani’s viewpoint and compare them with Roman Jakobson’s theory and model of communication to show their common and different aspects and prove that although the discussions about the theory and model of communication became known by western linguists and, most importantly, by Roman Jacobson, it can be traced in all details and with equivalent terms in Abu Ya'qub Sejestani’s communication theory, which has some advantages over Jakobson’s theory and model.