جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Egypt » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

In fact, the press changes with the change of events, and it is the voice that addresses public opinion. Its only weapon is language, in prose or poetry, in order to convey what is in its cover to the people. Since its spread in the Arab countries, we have seen its impact on contemporary Arabic literature, especially in Egypt. In the sense that it led traditional literature from some restrictions in its literary formulation, weight and rhymes to liberation and renewal, whether in its structure or in its topics. This is represented in the complete works of Mustafa Lotfi Al-Manfaluti, Muhammad Abdul Qadir Al-Mazni, Taha Hussein and Tawfiq Al-Hakim. The research seeks to address the extent of influence and vulnerability between journalism and literature, especially Egyptian prose, depending on the analytical descriptive approach. Among the findings of the research is the detection of shifting issues in the literary style, reviewing the role of newspapers in literature and its status. Also, among its other facts is that the literary subject has played an important role in the reach of journalists, in addition to the classical language used in writing literature in the books of those whose names were mentioned above.

Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī played a major pioneering role in Islamic uprising and guiding the activities of writers at the end of nineteenth century and the beginning of twentieth century. He dedicated his utmost effort to revive Islamic thought, laying the foundations for unity among all Muslims, attracting energies to resist major colonial powers and calling for adherence of Islamic countries to common principles of Islam. Among the Islamic countries, Egypt was selected by Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī as an epicenter for his political activities because of its high standing and status as well as a source of Islamic currents after remarkable political, social and literary developments took place in this country. In the literary field, writers and scholars such as Mahmoud Sami El-Baroudi and Muhammad Abduh studied under his auspices as pioneering figures, the former for modern Arabic poetry and the latter as the father of modern Arabic prose. Sami El-Baroudi developed features in modern Arabic poetry, from which we can discern the characteristics of resistance and steadfastness, which were inspired by Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī’s reformist project. Thus, the poet emerged as an Islamic fighter challenging colonialism and its lackeys in the real world, so that he was nicknamed “Lord of Sword and Pen” because of giving pulse and freshness to modern Arabic poetry as well as his mastery of martial arts. This study intended to shed light on the extent of Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī’s impact on modern poetry and literature using El-Baroudi''''s poetry as the research subject. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and yielded the following results. The recovery and transition of modern Arabic poetry from stagnation, emotionlessness and superficiality to strength, vitality and subjectivity is not dependent only on French influence and thereby its contact with the features of European literature but rather indebted to the attempts of Islamic leaders and thinkers such as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī and his followers in various Islamic countries from the river to the sea. Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī’s call focused on two important elements, namely preservation of Islamic authenticity and modernity. The features of this pioneering role are represented in Mahmoud Sami El-Baroudi’s poetry, including defending oppressed peoples, urging them to acquire modern sciences and to avoid idleness and humiliation, unveiling the real face of colonizers and their conspiracies, and inviting Muslim rulers to establish justice, confirming the impact of scholars and intellectuals in determining the fate of Islamic community under the influence of Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī’s thoughts.

Examining and applying the principles of epic works of different nations can play an important role in understanding them as much as possible and can also explain the relations between the literature of the nations of the world and the development of literary, intellectual and cultural exchanges. Jamshid is one of the mythological characters of Shahnameh whose life stages and events during his life have many similarities with Osiris, one of the mythological characters of ancient Egypt.

This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner.

Jamshid and Osiris in Iranian and Egyptian mythology have common features that indicate the collective human unconscious. By examining and comparing the lives, deeds and destinies of these heroes, one can get acquainted to some extent with the collective unconscious contents of the two nations (Iran and Egypt) and to illuminate the dark and obscure corners of the ancient cultural and social structure and understand the way of thinking and beliefs of the people. Ancient times helped.

By examining the lives of the two main heroes of the stories (Jamshid and Osiris), their lives can be summarized in three stages: 1. The simultaneous birth of the hero, 2. The creation of a golden and ideal era by the hero, 3. The fall or death of the hero A time of disaster or turmoil.

AbstractCommitment in literature means that the poet or writer uses his intellectual and literary talent and ability in the service of his community, expresses the pains and sufferings, hopes and aspirations of his people in an honest language and away from affiliation and prejudice against the party or political tendency. Special portrayed. This thinking is the essence of committed literature. Accordingly, the poetry of the 2011 Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt is considered a committed poem, and after the decline of this type of poetry in the past decades, it has criticized the most important political and social issues during the rule of Hosni Mubarak. The present article seeks to study and analyze the manifestations of commitment in the poetry of the Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt shortly before and after 2011 in the poems of famous poets such as Abd- al Moati Hejazi, Farouk Gouida and Abd al Rahman al-ashmavi and some other anonymous poets. One of the most important findings of the study is that political tyranny as well as social problems such as poverty and unemployment have been the main reasons for the revolution of the Egyptian people. Therefore, committed poets opposed tyranny by focusing on tyranny and lack of civil liberties, and challenged it because of corruption in the administrative and governmental system. They also addressed social problems such as poverty and unemployment because of their attachment to society, and did not forget the leading role of poetry in awakening and calling for revolution.

Stylistics is a critical linguistic approach that attempts to deconstruct the linguistic structure of the text, describe its components, and reveal its most prominent features. Stylistic means exploring the linguistic components of literary texts and invoking them beyond form. The present stylistic study, with a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to investigate Al-Ajmi's poem ‘Martyrs Square’ at four levels: phonetic, grammatical, rhetorical, and semantics. He composed the poem during the Egyptian Arab Spring revolutions which encouraged the Egyptian people to rise and criticize the authoritarian government of Mubarak. One of the most important findings of the study at the phonological level is that the loud and intense voices of the poem prevail over the whispered and soft-hearted tone because of its revolutionary nature. The author of the present study has also noticed at the grammatical level the presentation of what is due to delay and delaying what is entitled to a presentation, to intensify the significance of what was presented. At the morphological level, the study revealed an intensification of present-day verbs to evoke the reality of life in Egyptian society. It also revealed the predominance of two types of pronouns over the formulation of the poem, namely ‘k-na’ (نا-ک). The pronouns also revealed a dialectical duality between the people and the authority, and each added to the poem's semantics and rhythmic richness. At the rhetorical level, the authors noticed the abundance of structural sentences, especially the recursive sentences and the interrogation of ‘km’. In most of the calling sentences, the caller was either the people to carry out the revolution or Hosni Mubarak to step down from power. The poet also used the word ‘km’ to tell about the reality of the Egyptian people’s life and their human experiences. At the semantic level, the poem’s vocabulary was consistent with its content, which calls for revolution and depicts the grievances of the authority, and the hope for the future and the overthrow of the regime.

The educational content of the textbooks, in addition to the linguistic concepts, contains the hidden layers that are referred to as cultural content. This study analyzes the values as social phenomena and explains the difference between the use of each value to analyze the cultural content of secondary school Arabic textbooks of Iran and Egypt. The research method was a combination of a) the Springer six-category classification; b) the Rokeach target (instrumental and final) classification; and c) Common classification of values in terms of generality, clarity, durability, requirement and type .The results showed that out of the 74 values in 2 textbooks in Iran, religious values are 40.5%, social values 35.1% and theoretical values 13.5%. In Egyptian textbooks out of the 95 values  40.5% are theoretical values 31% political and human / social values comprised 21.6% of the values. Given the above data, the criticism of the authors of both books is the lack of attention to issues such as divorce, unemployment, addiction, etc. which are emerging socio-cultural challenges and phenomena. Some values, like aesthetic values, have also been completely ignored

The oriental acquaintance with the fields including Egyptians and Persians of the last two centuries with the manifestations of the civilization and culture of the West are considered to be very significant. One of these literary types, which is the result of the familiarity of Eastern writers with European literature, is playwriting, including historical plays. By defining the theory of the feature and type of historical events in this type of plays, the contemporary writers of Iran and Egypt also tried to use the literary genre to describe the historical events and explain the history of their national and past characters in the form of historical plays. And this is what we intend to do in this article to determine the magnitude and extent of this influence in the contemporary historical plays of the writers of the two countries and to determine the development of this kind of literary works in their works. And then we will discuss and analyze this move in both countries, also, the introduction of the history and most important historical plays of the two countries and the most important writers of the two countries in this type of literary is another purpose of this paper.

One of the reasons for the formation of mystical language is an interpretive approach in Qur'an. because expressed much of the concepts in the form of stories in Qur'an. one of these stories is the story of prophet Yusuf. according to Qur'an, Yusuf Surah, Joseph's life is full of bitter and sweet events . Rumi has spiritual harvest various events in the life of Joseph and he has used many of the events and characters in code and allegory in Masnavi. is tried in this research that discover and express these mystical interpretations of symbols and allegories and For this purpose first the story of Joseph in Qur'an were studied and then was written main text based on historical events. Joseph in Masnavi is symbol of a spirit that be caught in the dark well of body then it comes out from this well with God's grace sling and goes toward egypt perfection. dreams and their interpretations are referring to the mystical intuition of Joseph mystic and the perfect man, in Rumi 's opinion dream is a window to the world of intuition and inspiration that liberates the soul from the prison of body and the world. and Zulaykha is symbol of a wayfarer that arrives to true love from virtual love bridge and arrives to the fountainhead of truth from the manifestation of the beauty of God that is Joseph as a perfect human.

Literary commitment is one of the most important literary issues in recent decades. A poet or writer who adheres to human values and feels that they are losing ground and who are required to reflect the problems of society in their poetry and prose, in fact,have embarked on a literary commitment. Hashem al-Rahai, the Egyptian contemporary poet, is one of the poets who influenced by the political and social conditions prevailing in his community devoted his poetry to politics and to expressing the suffering and aspirations of the people of his homeland. In this study, we are going to study the most important effects of literary commitment in Hashem al-Rafa'i's poetry, and in fact we seek to find out that the literary commitment in his poetry has been demostrated in stating what issues.
2 .Detailed In this research, considering the purpose and the questions, we examine the most important effects of literary commitment in Hashem al-Rahai's poem by descriptive-analytical method. In the first instance, the issues related to the problems of the poet's community are extracted and then analyzed from the perspective of the literary commitment. The period of colonial rule over the Middle East and the Middle East, often threatened and humiliated nations, made those who felt the pain of the community to be self-proclaimed and ignore the pain of society. Hashem al-Rafa'i is also one of the poets who put his poetry at the service of upbringing his homeland. He always gives hope to his allies that the victory is very close, and that the Egyptians will have the fruit of jihad and effort soon. He promises that the morning beam will itself blow away the dark curtains. He even swore in the name of martyrs in the bloody scene that the fury of anger would eventually come to fruition, and the warriors would bring joy to the people by overwhelming the enemies.
The expression of the suffering and tragedy of the people that is the result of the colonial domination is also very high in Hashem al-Rahai's poetry. He is very uncomfortable with the disasters that his co-workers have suffered. The events that colonialism and the rulers of their puppet in the hearts of the people are so large that they snatched the sleep from the eyes of the people and filled their hearts with sorrow and discomfort, so that the poet could not be calm and arranged. The poet finds the disasters that the colonialists and tyrannical rulers bring to the people so large that they are likened to large masses of the cloud, and the wounds created in the hearts of the people are so great that they can never be healed. But the poet is not just about the sadness of the people of his homeland, but also the events of many Islamic countries such as Tunisia, Libya, Algeria and Sudan. Therefore, the poet has not enclosed himself in the geographical area of his homeland, but also the language of other Muslims, which, of course, is one of the characteristics of the prominent Muslim poets that do not overlook the pain of other Muslims.
The intellectual class of society, including the poets, had the duty to inform the people with their poems and to make them aware of the cruelty of the ruthless rulers. Society's thinkers, when they know their true self and become conscious of their existential capabilities, always invite the audience to gain knowledge and cognition in their statements and works of art. Hashim al-Rahai is no exception.
He considers the call for integrity to be important, and it is an important issue for victory. That is why he invites his compatriots to unity and asks them to eliminate divisions, for it is the basis of every failure. Therefore, one of the main concerns of the poet is the lack of unity among the people, and most of his poetry revolves around this theme. He not only invites his homeland to unite against enemies, but is also unhappy with the lack of unity among Muslims, and speaks in a complaining language.
From among Arab countries, Egypt has always been invaded by the British colonialist country, hence Hashem al-Rafa'i, is always addressing the old colonizer the Great Britain. The poet calls on his people not to neglect the wolf-like English characters. He sometimes likens them to the wolf, which is a hideous temperament, and sometimes they are likened to the fox, who are thinking of deceiving other countries. Sometimes the poet portrays the image of the men at war with the colonialists of the time to strengthen the enmity for colonizers in his comrades. In one of his odes, he refers to Dr. Mossadeq and how he stood up against the colonialism and nationalized the oil. The analysis of Hashem al-Rahai's poems shows that he is one of the influential poets of his community, whose most important feature is his attention to "mission and commitment" in his poetry. He supports the efforts of his country's children to freedom of worship and expresses the pain and suffering that all the oppressed people in the world suffer from. He has always played a significant part in waking up the people and instilling the spirit of hope in provoking the Egyptian people against their colonial rulers and their puppet rulers. In fact, with his enlightening poems, he has made clear the face of colonialism, especially British colonialism, for his compatriots. One of the most prominent features of the poet's style is his explicit language, to the extent that his poem is written without conservatism as much as possible.
Key words: contemporary Arabic poetry, literary commitment, Egypt, Hashim Al-Rifiai.

sura(h) Joseph is one of the most beautiful stories of the Qur'an. It depicts all the details of this story from the early days of Joseph until his greatness, from being in Egypt to the absence of the cave and then entering Egypt and the house of Al-Aziz and the palace of the king to the prison where he did not have the right to enter. The Lord, after two years, brings him to the most precious place where he dreamed of seeing the sun and the moon prostrate to him. The reader of what happened in the story sees the place taking a great deal in its events. The percentage of the places mentioned in the story of the events mentioned as meat and sebaceous can not be separated. Since the place plays an important role in the construction of the Qur'anic story and its many functions, It is the corner that connects the parts of the story and is the frame from which the events start and the characters go. The choice of the place and its structure are the actors in building the human personality and the pillars of the entity and the identity of each person. This research addresses the place and its implications in Surat It also aims to reveal the vision of the Qur'an in relation to the different places in which it is presented and the indications it gained through its relationship with man.

The text's sociology attempts to make the reading in a profound and fundamental way and the text is not complete until it is read, and it cannot fulfill its existence. Sociological criticism is one of the new and effective methods in the analysis of literary texts especially novels. Accordingly, this article seeks to use the descriptive-analytical method to read the text of "Zaat" novel from Sonallah Ebraham, and shows the social and ideological issues that the Egyptian community lived in it and portrayed its novel. The purpose of the selection of this novel was its importance in drawing Egyptian society and expressing their suffering during the presence of foreigners in the country. The results indicate that Sonallah Ebraham knows the Egyptian average classes well because he spent his life in Egypt. And this novel expresses a certain ideology that can express it through the unification of the structures of the novel. Therefore, there is a strong relationship between the elements of place and time and social groups and personality with the issues and problems posed in the novel.

Arabic contemporary literature has got a special purpose from the second half of the twentieth century after social and political changes. It was used for informing people and society to achieve freedom and social justice. Egypt as the first country which experiences the revolution is the home of poets and scholars who were impressed by the changes. Helmi Salem is one of these poets. He is a commited poet who has a sense of responsibility towards people and society's problems. His poems reflect his philanthropic ideas and thoughts. The research investigates the expression of freedom in Helmi Salem poems by descriptive approach which is manifested in his poem in two ways: home freedom and freedom of speech which encompasses Lebanon, Palestine and other countries in addition to Egypt. The results show that the method of the poet in his poems is symbolic; but sometimes he uses a reckless expression and is strongly oppose to oppressors and devilish people. In addition, the poet is extreme about freedom of speech and has become an extremist advocate of freedom, so that freedom has become the main concern for him.

At the end of the 18th century, following the Napoleonic invasion, Egypt got familiar with modern European civilization. This familiarity paved the way for the confrontation of "tradition" and "modernity". The reflection of social, political and cultural developments of this confrontation can be observed in Egypt's modern fiction. Naguib Mahfouz’sQasr El-Shauqis a story that can be scanned for the consequences of the struggle between tradition and modernity. Conflict of patriarchy and women's rights in the society, crisis of identity and intellectualperplexity, orientation to the West, freedom and conflict of science and religionare the consequences that are addressed in this study. Kamaal’s spiritual contradictions, that appearas a contrast betweenthe middle class and the aristocracy, wisdom and love, the real world and ideas, as well as European science and Islam, are the result of opposition of tyranny and colonialism in Egypt. Moral perversion and nihilism are the negative consequences of this opposition in the life of intellectuals. Orientation to the West postulates Kamaal in a limbo between tradition and modernity. European science seeks to replace traditional religious ideas, and it has partly succeeded. Enhancement of freedom and women's rights is the positive result of modernity in Qasr El-Shauq versusBayn El-qasrain.

Taha Hussein played a vital role in cultural life of Egypt. He had studied the political, cultural and mental issues by new view and logical approach. Taha Hussein had close relationship with his contemporary literates and his aim was to modify many aspects of Egyptian lives. Studying his life shows that his scientific activities have been started by literary criticism of modern critical views which caused a modern critical school in Arabic literature. The present paper attempts to survey critic and its position in his works of art.

Discussion of women and their rights was started in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, following the 1919 Revolution. The issue of women, who are emotionally the most beautiful and the most subtle element of the society, among all other matters relating to human and society, has always been associated with increasing complexity and has given a certain charm to literature. Youssef Idris is a great Egyptian novelist. Much of his writing is done in a fictional world with the three elements of God, sex and domination. The concept of “Woman” is close to reality in his novels, and it reveals a relatively realistic picture of her face. This study aims to analyze the picture and place of women in Yusuf Idris’s story by an analytical-descriptive method. The study focuses on the fact that the women are useful for Yusuf Idris innovation and, in most cases; they are accused or make mistakes in the stories. In other words, their face is quite negatively projected. Sometimes, they are portrayed by the face of the devil, which is unfaithful and villainous, atrocious and cruel, petty or contemptible or pitiable. However, by scrutinizing some of the stories, we find Idris believed that the cause of chaotic situations was the problems of the Egyptian society. This group of women is imaged by Idris as a doctor for community diseases. Certainly, there are learned and cultured women in Egyptian society as well.

Iran and Egypt have many similarities in different fields and aspects. These commonalities have created similarities in their evolutionary which the most important amongst is the mental and scientific evolution in both countries. Two characters in the modern era played significant role in people's awakening: AbdulRahim Talibov from Iran and Rifaa al-Tahtawi from Egypt. Both scholars have felt the lags and shortcomings of their societies and have attempted a lot in order to save their countries. The present paper tries to compare these two intellectual's attitudes and functions on evolution and modernism of their own societies.

Contemporary poetry Arab is decorated with use of a variety of intertextuality historical and religious intertextuality Mohammad Ibn Abdul Motaleb is one of the contemporary poets that intertextuality Quran style is reflected in his poetry. The purpose of present paper is explore and analyze of this type of intertextuality in poetry of this poet to answer the question of why the poet is benefited from Quranic intertextuality in his poems and use of this Quranic intertextuality affected by what is?
Mohammad Ibn Abdul Motaleb training in a religious family, study in traditional training centers, Darul Uloom and Al-Azhar, active presence in Islamist traditional circles and companion with Islamistic friends, all led to he interested in Islamic-Arabic culture.
Pre-religious understanding and insight led Ibn Abdul Motalleb religious view cast shadow on the his whole court, and as well as benefit from Quranic intertextuality over from other type intertextualit.
Islamic-Arabic culture fans activities extension after 1927 led to most Quranic intertextuality of odes poet devote to religious themes.

Stylistics and the research conducted in that area over the works of literature is one of the most important topics in modern criticism. The purpose of such discussion is the linguistic context such as music, implications of short and long terms, compound expressions and their relationships, rhythm and their figural usage signifying their artistic context. The present paper studies Javid’s poems through a stylistic approach. He is considered as a representative of the poems of commitment of the contemporary movement of in Egypt who struggled against the authoritarian regime of his society. The stylistic introduction of his work is in fact a critique of his thoughts, perspectives, and sublime connotations. However, due to his wide range of literary works only three of his poems representing Imam Hussein as a sublime role module, a savior of the today’s human being are considered through a descriptive analysis. This study clearly shows the harmony present between the poet’s romantic emotions and realistic perspectives with that of society; in addition, the thought of deviation from Imam Hussein’s school of thought is the cause of cruelty, misery, and injustice in communities and nations can be traced in the three chosen poems. The poet has been successful in employing variety of linguistic techniques and turned it to a style to create a connection between concept, thought, and language to convey his view points to the addressee.

Newspaper is not merely a tool for showing sufferings, but considered as a tool for expressing thought that receives its effect from power of words. Satirical literature has taken up a great area of the newspaper to express different issues. Expressing sufferings in a humorous way makes the audience or reader laugh and is useful as a sharp tool for warning about defects. Egyptian journalist, Ahmed Rajab, is among those who has understood responsibility for his nation and published his critical opinions in Egyptian newspapers. The reader of this paper will find that his satire is not sarcastic, while it reaches its objective well. Rajab utilizes both informal and eloquent language in his writings. It is stated in this paper that the press and society cant be separated. This paper shows the role of satirical literature and its position in the press and utilizes stylistics and descriptive-analytical approach. The conciseness of Ahmed Rajab's prose and his sensational imagery using current realities and important role of informal language with eloquent language are major findings of this paper.