جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "protection" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

This article examines the issue of refugees and asylum seekers in international law and the role of general economic law in protecting refugees. In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1951 Convention, the 1967 Protocol, and other valid international and regional documents, the right to asylum is specified, but the general system of protecting the rights of refugees is the same as the 1951 Geneva Convention and its amendment protocol. On the other hand, general economic law establishes legal rules of public, private and even criminal nature in society (both national and international) and micro and macroeconomic fields. In many cases, economic rights are in accordance with general international obligations and domestic laws. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the role of general economic rights in the protection of asylum seekers and refugees. Descriptive-analytical research method was done using library resources. The findings show that the protection of asylum seekers and refugees is one of the important issues in international documents. Also, the results indicate that, since the issue of refugees is a global issue and many countries are involved in it, general economic law has also considered the rights of refugees, because part of the needs of refugees is economic, as a result of the governments that are parties to the Covenant Each person will be recognized as free from hunger and in order to secure this right, they will take appropriate measures either individually or in the form of international cooperation.

The cultures of the societies are influenced by the religions that govern their society, the Islamic culture and the lifestyle below it are modeled on the Islamic religion in various dimensions of human life. In the management of the lifestyle in Islamic culture, it is contrary to keeping oneself and others in the field of spirituality.

The research method is evolutionary. It is practical in purpose and exploratory in qualitative type; In order to identify and categorize research variables, exploratory factor analysis, Bartlett and KMO tests were used, considering the threshold limit of 0.5 for factor loadings. Also, the level of importance of the variables has been checked using T-test and considering the threshold limit of three.

Findings and results show that the lifestyle management model based on protection has three dimensions: a) types (self, family, society) b) pillars (protective knowledge, protective prevention, protective behavior) c) effects (in relation with self-protection - in connection with other protection, in connection with the protection environment) and 9 components and 27 system variables are prioritized.

Establishing security for reference (valuable) objectives and key assets requires identifying the risks that threaten them. By identifying these risks, a security plan can be prepared according to the realities of the scene, and by implementing the mentioned plans, the available capacity (force, equipment and technical tools) can be used to the maximum. The present research in terms of purpose; practical and in terms of method and nature; It is descriptive-survey of correlation type. Considering that the topic is related to threats and vulnerabilities, so, knowledgeable, expert and experienced people should be used in the sample population studied. Therefore, the sampling method of this research has been selected as a full number and purposeful, and all 80 people of the statistical population were selected to answer the questions of the questionnaire, of which 44 items of the questionnaire were obtained in full. The research model provides a framework for estimating threats and vulnerabilities, plans for dealing with threats and eliminating vulnerabilities, and evaluating actions taken to deal with threats and eliminating vulnerabilities. According to the results of the one-sample t-test, the existence of independent and dependent. variables of the research (security threats, subversion, social-cultural, general-economic threats, as well as protection, security, social-cultural and general vulnerabilities-economic) was strongly proved in the studied society. The P-value obtained between these variables also shows this. Also, according to the result of the structural equation technique, that is, the factor loading is more than 0.3 and the positive T-statistic is more than 1.96, the effect of the variables on each other was also confirmed.

considering that Faraja employees are always the target of the enemy's hybrid warfare, the need to implement insightful, protective and political trainings and awareness is very noticeable and can protect the employees against this threat and its consequences for the individual, the organization and the country. For this purpose, in this research, it has been trying to answer this question, to what extent awareness sessions can be effective in raising awareness among Faraja employees against the enemy's hybrid warfare?

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-survey in terms of nature and method using the content analysis method. The statistical population consists of two groups: 1- Managers and knowledgeable experts in the field of protection from Faraja employees 2- Professors and instructors of intelligence protection and ideological and political courses, using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 304 samples were selected. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, and the indicators were analyzed using spss software.

The findings of the research show that holding security awareness sessions has a direct effect on the protection of Faraja employees against the enemy's hybrid warfare. As a result, it can be said that no matter how much such training is expanded, it will be equally effective in protecting Faraja employees.

The constitution is the historical achievement of nations and the result of the historical turning point of any nation. The main support of the nation is the interaction with political stability and sovereignty in governance, the question of how to protect the stabilizing center of gravity as the constitution in the lap of social change and The current rapid politics is of research importance. This question regarding the constitution of the Islamic Republic is also important in other respects, including because of the "flow of divine sovereignty with the constitution of the Islamic Republic", which has made its protection a religious necessity. The study of this article by asking a question in this regard showed that there are two ways to protect the constitution in the heart of political and social developments: one is to pay attention to the immutable and irrevocable principles of the constitution, namely the exceptions to Article 177, which can be called Red considered him the guardian of the constitution of the Islamic Republic, and secondly, turning his attention to that historical and strategic consensus of the Iranians and the mentalities and contexts that in the process of the Islamic Revolution led to the formation of the constitution itself and its principles. Anti-colonialism Anti-colonialism and consensus on equal divine-popular sovereignty is freedom, justice and independence. This historical consensus is the guardian of the constitutional political system itself.

Children are the most vulnerable group in human societies, especially in wars, which reduce the level of safety and security to its lowest level and expose them to any kind of risk. Unfortunately, we witness that many children's rights, including the right to life, the right to health, and the right to food, are subject to being lost due to the internal and external wars that have taken place in the world.. Therefore, all children of armed conflict and war should be given special respect and protection In terms of international law, all children of armed conflicts benefit from the protections determined in the international human rights system and the general and specific provisions foreseen for non-humanitarian people. From the point of view of jurisprudence sources, including the Holy Qur'an and the life of the Prophet (PBUH) and the infallible imams (PBUH), the rights of civilians, especially children in war, have always been recognized in Islam, and the verses in the Qur'an and the practices and sayings of the Prophet (PBUH).) And Masoomin (pbuh) is a proof of this claim. The current study examines the protection of the rights of children in war from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and humanitarian rights. It is a human hypothesis that Islamic jurisprudence and friendly law are very similar in supporting the rights of children in wars.

The pervasiveness of cyberspace among different sections of society has led to various harms and errors. Part of this damage is one of the goals of the arrogant system in launching soft war and its expansion in cyberspace, which has been able to play a role in more frequency with a more influential, more effective, accelerator. This article aims to interpret the coordinates of cyberspace to have the capacity to act in the goals of the Islamic Revolution with the approach of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution that the two categories of cyberspace and jihad can complement each other as a weapon in soft warfare. Accordingly, with a descriptive-analytical method that seeks to describe the current state of the problem or phenomenon, its features and attributes are studied, and by describing a product in detail, further cognition is done without any intervention or mental inference. Findings indicate that addressing the jihad of explanation can be in order to prevent and eliminate the individual and social contexts of pollution and damage from various aspects in cyberspace in order to achieve virtual governance and can be used as a software aspect of this space as Behrooz used one of various tools in this direction. It is necessary; Explaining the weapon of jihad as one of the protective measures aimed at preventing, warning, informing; In the face of the rampant cyberspace that threatened individual and social interests, he took advantage of the search for the well-being of society.

The aim of the research is to examine and match some articles of the fourth part of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1st Additional Protocol of 1977 regarding the protection of civilian places during war from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence, in order to achieve a general achievement regarding the foundations of jurisprudence and the articles of the convention.In this regard, the main question of the research is, what is the view of Shia jurisprudence regarding the articles of the Fourth Geneva Convention and the protocols regarding the protection of civilian places during war?The research method is descriptive-analytical, and in the course of this article, after mentioning the articles of the convention and protocols and the legal description and principles that are provided in the law for support, we have discussed the reasons and principles of jurisprudence and at the end of the compatibility and alignment of jurisprudence and the convention, the following is the result. The research has been mentioned, the results of the research showed that in the Fourth Convention based on Articles 14, 15 and 18 and Articles 59, 55 and 60 of the First Protocol and from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence based on evidence such as verse 190 of Surah Baqarah, civilian places including hospitals, places Religious and all places that are not military targets, including houses, cultural places, and the environment, are protected during wartime, and their destruction and attack are not allowed.

The cultural heritage of any country is one of the most basic pillars of consolidating identity, creating creativity and national self-confidence through which civilization, customs and traditions, business and economic practices, and finally the process of evolution, evolution and evolution of human beings throughout history. Identification and analysis of the contract. The purpose of this study is to investigate the legal protection and physical Conservation of cultural heritage in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is descriptive analytical. The results of this study showed that in the first place for scientific, religious and philosophical reasons and then due to economic benefits in the tourism industry, the protection of these works is essential and in this regard, legislation, appropriate planning and correct movement to build Present and future based on historical experiences are considered an inevitable necessity. At the national level, the constitution and the law of Iran's economic, social and cultural development plan contain provisions for the protection of cultural heritage, as well as measures in the form of determining the privacy of cultural monuments, preventing excavation and monitoring and controlling the entry and exit of cultural monuments. .

The debate about women and the injustices inflicted on them is a very important one, and the growing unfairness of girls and women all over the world shows the importance of paying attention to it and the need to develop an effective and efficient criminal policy in this field. However, the law seems to have taken general measures against violent crimes against women in most cases. Therefore, it is necessary to take principled measures for legal and criminal protection without discrimination and taking into account the gender of women for legal issues related to women, in order to ensure the necessary effectiveness of the law against women. Considering that women's rights are one of the most important fields of human rights and the position of women's rights in any society is the best indicator and level for measuring the position of human rights in that society, therefore, this research is descriptive-analytical. It examines Iran's criminal-legislative political approaches to the vulnerability of women victims. The purpose of this study is to answer the question of whether there is adequate legal, civil, financial and ... support for women victims or not? It has been concluded that the victimization of women in its specific meaning has not been adequately accepted by the Iranian legislature, and that women in a few cases enjoy a criminal justice system, and only some laws have been enacted and protected against them. Has been mostly in the form of a criminal and is not sufficient and convincing.

The environment is what encompasses the lives of humans, animals, animals, plants and inanimate objects; Such as water, soil, air and light and other manifestations and manifestations of nature in which any change and inhomogeneity affect life, life and growth positively or negatively. Protecting the environment and paying attention to environmental issues, especially during the war, is one of the most important global issues for contemporary human beings and human rights defenders. Any damage and destruction of nature affects a healthy human life.The effects of war on nature and the environment are more dangerous than any other factor; Because in wars, the feeling of beating and victory of one side of the conflict over the other and the strong desire for revenge with the use of destructive weapons, gradually arises, and by inflicting casualties and losses, this feeling becomes more intense day by day and causes great damage. They affect the environment. Hence, the issue of environmental protection in wars became an issue of international law and human rights, and international activities and cooperation arose in this field. The question that arises in this research is what effect does war have on the environment? How can human rights law play a role in protecting the environment in wars?

The Operation Valfajre 8 (Dawn) or Fatahe Faw due to its role in the aspects of political, economic and military developments in the Holy Defense and for its political - national, regional and international equations can be analyzed from different aspects and dimensions. Faw regions was considered as one of the silent place on the war with regard to political, economic and military of Iran came to the attention of commanders. For this reason it was necessary to conduct operations with strategic goals and contributing to the outcome of the war. The operation of Fav (Valfajr 8) which has been operated after two operations by the name of Khyber and Badr, was the largest operation that the Guard Corps planned and implemented in the second half of 1364. Implementing a large military operation in this important region, needed for an exact planning, special engineering actions, special protection affairs and huge supporting and transporting. In spite of these, Islamic forces by following the element of surprise and all these important affairs achieved to objectives which were expected from the operation thanks God. This study is the result of a research, it is in terms of purpose applicable and terms of methodology relies on a descriptive - analysis. Data obtained from documents and resources study by using the tool taking notes of succession factors in Operation Valfajr 8, and according to the given the title of study were reckoned. Then the system was used to analyze the factors to look at. The result of this effort is to achieve a systematic model about the Operation of Valfajr 8. In this paper, issues such as data protection, privacy and perspective from the preserving of the traditions, also the element of surprise and management information system and its role in the results of this operation will be familiar. We hope that this article will open a new window to the readers that study the operations of the Sacred Defense by MIS and encourage them to complete such papers by writing articles for the other operations of the Sacred Defense.

This research has dealt with the ability to implement the theory of protection responsibility based on the jurisprudential rule of "Uniting the Hearts". In answer to the main question, "What is the scope of application of the basis of the uniting the hearts in the theory of protection responsibility?" It was hypothesized that "the theory of the responsibility of protection, based on the jurisprudential rule of the uniting the hearts, can be a good legal basis for the implementation of the human rights standards of the Islamic Republic of Iran in foreign policy." The subject of the research was explained in three areas using descriptive-analytical method. First, it was possible to identify the principle of the theory of responsibility based on the uniting the hearts in the two axes of "the possibility of identifying the conceptual relationship with the uniting the hearts" and "the possibility of identifying the applicability of authorship in the absence". Then, with a reductionist and generalist approach, which considers the inclusion of the title of component of their hearts in relation to infidels and Muslims, individuals subject to the responsibility of protection based on the uniting the hearts and the territory of this responsibility were identified. In the third area of ​​the research, the application of the rule of uniting the hearts in the doctrine of responsibility of protection and implementation of the theory was discussed and then, while applying the levels of responsibility of protection - which includes responsibility of prevention, responsibility of reaction and responsibility of reconstruction - with jurisprudential rulings and titles. Numerous Shari'a proved the agreement of the two bases of the research subject in terms of hierarchical strategy.

Awareness class is one of the most important and effective and crucial categories in the protection and prevention of employees' crimes, which inspection and protection of information of the police force as one of its work priorities, uses.

This study aims to investigate the role of safeguards in crime prevention. The statistical population of this study includes all employees of Payor FA. It is Hormozgan. The sample size was determined randomly through Cochran's formula to 195 people. The research data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire on protection measures and crime prevention of employees. The reliability coefficient of Cronbach's alpha was 0.864 and 0.896, respectively. Correlation coefficient, regression and Friedman test with SPSS software were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that safety measures and its components are effective in preventing employees' crimes and the factor of informing and preparing and publishing safety messages are the most effective and the least effective, respectively.

Also, according to Friedman test, awareness classes with a coefficient of 2.14 are in the first priority, therefore it has the greatest effect on protection and prevention, and then modeling and symbolism with a coefficient of 1.96 in the second priority and preparation and publication. Safety messages with a coefficient of 1.90 are in the third and final rank, therefore, they have the least effect on protection and prevention in NAJA.

In this paper, a two-player Stackelberg game between the defender (leader) and attacker (follower) is considered , when the attacker tries to attack a strategic site and damage to communication paths , the defender aims to reduce the damage caused by the goal of locating the optimal number and the best type of military equipment due to resource constraints. This research attempts to present a bi-level mathematical model to optimize the location of military equipment, which aims to increase the distance between the attacker and the strategic site. Considering the bi-level model and because the military equipment location problem is in a class of NP-hard problems, a metaheuristic hybrid approach based on teaching-learning based optimization and dijkstra method is used. At the end of the research, with the help of large-scale numerical examples of the problem, the full description of the model and the proposed solution algorithm has been discussed.

In this study, the researcher seeks to explain the role and priority of each of the commanders' surveillance, deterrence and confrontation plans in protecting employees and reducing the level of crime in the police force.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The research collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and its reliability was estimated to be 0.89 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS software and Friedman tests were used to analyze the findings. The statistical population of this study included 485 employees of the police headquarters of Mazandaran province. According to the calculations, the sample size of the study was 214 people.

Based on the results obtained; Inefficiency and insufficient mastery of employees in the field of legal duties and powers is the highest reason for the necessity of exercising a caring role; Existence of some weaknesses and legal gaps underlying the crime is the most common reason for acting as a deterrent and forcing employees to take some wrongdoing. The highest reason is the necessity of exercising the confrontational role of commanders and managers in reducing crime by employees. From the questions, it was found that the most effective role of commanders and managers in reducing crime by employees is related to the confrontational role of 245/605, the preventive role of 113.58 and the care role of 67.229 in the third stage and the lowest role.

Disability is a phenomenon that every human being may experience during his or her lifetime; People with disabilities want their basic rights, and they cannot achieve their real rights except with special and specific protections. In this regard, the United Nations has been working since 1975 to protect the rights of persons with disabilities. The most important step in 2006 was the ratification of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Additional Protocol, to which a large number of countries have joined; The present study tries to investigate the legal and social effects of Iran's accession to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities by descriptive and analytical methods, and evaluate Iran's adherence to its commitments in this area, And the question of this research is: what are the problems and obstacles for people with disabilities? And Iran after joining to this Convention, what actions has it taken regarding the equality of their rights in law and urban adaptation for these weak people? The research hypothesis is that contrary to the numerous laws that exist in the field of necessity and obligation of adaptation, less practical and executive actions are taken by the relevant agencies in this field. Iran is one of the 40 countries that have a comprehensive law to protect the rights of people with disabilities, but unfortunately, this law has not been implemented yet due to the lack of an executive guarantee. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, and its contents have been analyzed and compiled in a library method using books and articles written and translated.

Due to the wide range of tasks and the variety of assigned missions, the organization plays a key role in establishing public and social security and subsequently consolidating national security. The scope of the organization's missions has highlighted the need to use new systems and technologies such as information and communication technology. Due to the duties of the missions in the field of cyber, the employees of this field are highly exposed to the threats caused by their presence and activity in cyberspace, Therefore, protection against cyber threats such as cyber espionage, sabotage, subversion, cyber warfare, electronic warfare and behaviors and other threats by taking precautionary measures is essential.

In terms of applied purpose, this research is descriptive-survey in terms of nature and study. The research was conducted in a quantitative manner and the data collection tool was a questionnaire that was approved by experts after initial adjustment. The statistical population in this study is 15 senior managers of the organization in the field of technology and cyber in 1398.

The research results indicate that the most important factor is the cyberspace of data and information that has the most vulnerabilities and threats, Security goals, confidentiality and in preventive actions and strategies, protection and security of employees have the most important role in protecting the cyber missions of the organization. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to fully identify the threats and vulnerabilities of all cyber missions, the organization should focus on offensive missions to create a database of cybercrime and focus on measures to improve network security and staff.

On the fortieth anniversary marking the achievement of the great Islamic Revolution of Iran, which can rightly be called the renaissance of Iran, Islam and religion, Imam Ali Khamenei (May Allah protect him) presented the “manifesto of the second step of the revolution” to the Iranian nation and the whole world. In this statement, the protection of the Islamic Revolution as a prominent epitome of “self-construction”, “community building” and “civilization building” has been emphasized. Likewise, he mentioned in the “8-article decree” the policies of the development of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in the second step of the revolution. In this regard, the initial question arises. Based on that; in the second step of the revolution, do the framework and relationship of the institutions of “stability”, “defense” and “protection” need to be reviewed, developed and expanded? After carrying out preliminary researches, the answer to this question is yes. Owing to this fact, we definitely need an epitome and frameworks for the advancement and development of these institutions; so, the issue under consideration is that; we do not know the characteristics of the “epitome of progress of the institutions of stability, defense and protection” for the effective protection of the Islamic Revolution. The anticipated objectives of the research are to find the “epitome of progress of the institution of protection” and to clearly state its characteristics.  Moreover, the purpose or perspective of this research is to “present and show the wide range of the institution of protection” as a knowledge achievement of the revolution to the world. This epitome should be based on the indigenous Islamic thought, knowledge and culture and in line with the “Iranian Islamic epitome of progress” and also the “statement of the Supreme Leader in the second step of the revolution.” This research draws on the mechanism of stability, defense and protection institutions and the relationship between them using the combined method of data foundation and content analysis. The result of this research was the achievement of basic findings and robust approaches to prepare the epitome that is able to answer the research questions. It is hoped that the achievements of this research will pave the way for “intensifying the security” of the country, nation, holy system of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Ummah.

Desirable organizational behavior is one of the important and valuable treasure of any organization. According to this, organizations seek to recognize the factors that influence on desirable organizational behavior. Exerting effective management in such organizations require understanding the behavioral complexities of people and adopting a proper way of working with them. Values, beliefs and attitudes play an important role to justify prediction of the behavior of organization members. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to identify the factors that influence on desirable organizational behavior in information-security environments.

The present study examines the factors that influence on desirable organizational behavior in information-security environments, this research is practical in terms of purpose and analytical-survey in terms of the nature of study. The statistical population of the study is the staff of 17th and 18th positions at the headquarters level of one of the intelligence-security organizations and its skilled experts in the number of 100 people in the whole number. The data collection tool in this study is a researcher-made questionnaire. Based on this, the research questionnaire was distributed after conducting the necessary studies and based on the questions in the survey, 45 questions were distributed using the swot method of compiling a statistical population of 100 questionnaires. 85 questionnaires were collected and 77 questionnaires were confirmed and analyzed. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires of this study were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.893, which indicates the existence of high reliability for the questionnaires.

The research findings showed that among the three dimensions, value, beliefs and attitudes, the effect of adherence to belief in general, specialized beliefs and revolutionary beliefs is above average and at a large level; in other words, with 95% confidence, in terms of statistical population of the research, the issue of belief in this status has a meaningful effect on desirable organizational behavior but is nonetheless distant from the desirable status. Other dimensions have little or no effect on the status quo, but in desirable situation all three factors will be favorable.