جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شناسایی » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

In August 2021, Afghanistan faced a political crisis as it fell under Taliban control. One of the key factors contributing to this crisis is the lack of recognition for the Taliban government as the Islamic Emirate, which has significant implications at the domestic, regional, and international levels. Given its proximity to Afghanistan, Iran has been significantly impacted by the developments in the region. Consequently, Iran has focused its foreign policy on constructive participation to help resolve the crisis. The current situation in Afghanistan presents a new crisis, raising the question of what role can Iran play in managing the political crisis under the Taliban's rule? However, Iran's traditional influence on social and political groups opposing the Taliban, coupled with its active participation in regional and international organizations, could form the basis for its mediation efforts to facilitate a dialogue between conflicting parties. Through a descriptive/analytical-qualitative approach and data gathered from library and internet sources, this study sought to examine the plausibility of this hypothesis. The research results suggest that the Taliban recognizes the need to resolve the crisis through political means to maintain its political life and fulfill international obligations. As such, the group welcomes any actions that move towards this goal. Iran is also taking constructive measures to manage the crisis and align its foreign policy agenda accordingly.

This article aims to answer the question, what are the most important issues or challenges in Afghanistan? How are they formed? What process have they gone through? And what will be their situation for the year 1402? The subject under discussion is usually such that it does not have the hypothesis or hypotheses that are proposed in explanatory research. However, the power struggle in Afghanistan, the issue of recognizing or not recognizing the Taliban, the issue of women in Afghanistan, and finally the economic issues of Afghanistan are considered as four important issues that the political life of the Taliban is highly dependent on. This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way using library resources. The findings of the article showed that Afghanistan's challenges will continue in the four areas mentioned in the coming year unless either the Taliban adjust their extremist policy or the international community is forced to encourage the Taliban to respect human rights, form an inclusive government, the improvement of the economic situation, and cooperation in the fight against terrorism, recognize the government of this group.

In the current age Net is an alternative of place in criminology, and violation of international law. Cyber space is new phenomena both in the scope of technology and in non-useful functions. Cyber-attacks and its sorts can cause physical damage and loss of life, because of this; it can be under the responsibility obligations of states. International responsibility of states (for example draft article of responsibility of state in internationally wrongful act) is one of the most important elements in the law of cyber-attacks. The first issue in the cyber-attack is the term of “force” and “attack”. Cyber-attack can be under the term of attack in international law. According to this concept, the main question is “do and to what extend cyber-attacks are attributable to conduct of state? To answer this question first we have to know the concepts of attack. Then which commentaries of article 2 (para 4) of United Nations Charter are useful to cyber-attack, finally the dilemma of recognition and attribution of root of attack is so important to applying of the law of responsibility of state.

The purpose of this research is to present a hybrid model for assessing and ranking the risk of maritime knowledge companies. Maritime knowledge bases were defined as expert use and risk breakdown structure for these companies at three levels. Then, the importance of risk categories and their weight was determined using dimatel technique. In the next step, risk assessment criteria were defined and according to Taguchi's loss function method, each risk was evaluated in each criterion and their loss score was calculated. Finally, by multiplying the risk categories by the average risk loss in the criteria, the final (weighted) loss score was calculated and the risks were ranked accordingly. The results show that "political and legal" and "education" risk categories are more important and affect other risk categories. The risks of “new technology transfer problems”, “inadequate technology inefficiency”, “lack of expertise and expertise in human resources”, “international sanctions” and so on were assessed as the most important risks.

The purpose of this article is to explain the existential threat of Zionist regime's sportin international arena for Iran. From the perspective of purpose, the findings of thisarticle are practical and from the perspective of data collection, they are desk review.They show that the sport of the Islamic Republic of Iran, after more than four decadesof not confronting the representatives of the Zionist regime in various fields, is nowfacing an important challenge. According to the increasing investment of this regimein different sport fields to gain more international prestige and performance, in comingyears, Iranian sport will face many challenges due to the presence of Israeli athletesespecially in Iran's medal-winning arenas such as wrestling, weight-lifting, judo andetc. So, taking appropriate measures at the present time to deal with this problem canprevent future crises for Iranian sports. Aligning Muslim countries with its approachand goals, justifying international sports institutions using the experiences of othercountries, and distinguishing between "playing" and "recognition" are somesuggestions made by the author of this article.

Today, drones with their various applications are considered as a valuable weapon in the defense system of countries around the world, and they rely on the ability to collect information around the clock in remote areas of stationary and mobile targets in all weather conditions and The power of remotely or fully automatic guided flights is, in some cases, superior to, or at least in line with, manned aircraft. In sensitive operational areas, which are equipped with the most advanced defense systems and have radar fire control or guided missiles, and today have become almost impenetrable defense system, penetrate and send information live and They show at the same time. Most countries in the world consider the use of these birds as one of the methods of data collection because with the lowest cost and losses, they can obtain valuable information from the operational area as soon as possible. The main purpose of this article is to determine the role of UAV technology in enhancing the intelligence capabilities of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran to deal with existing threats. Because the technology in question has now entered the application cycle in n. And has so far borne a lot of human and material costs. Therefore, in this article, in addition to a comprehensive and scientific research, the reasons for using UAVs and the results of this action in responding to the information needs of the forces will be examined and, if possible, practical suggestions will be provided in the field of applied development of UAVs.

The purpose of this study is to identify and investigate the role of justice in the pathology of litigation. Initial lawsuits are lawsuits that are brought against a third party by the plaintiff or the defendant or a third party or by the principal parties while the main lawsuit is being heard. These lawsuits must either be related to the original lawsuit or be related to the main lawsuit, in which case they will be filed in the court where the main lawsuit was filed. The purpose of litigation is to prevent recurrence of litigation and to avoid conflicting judgments.The subject matter and other elements of the proceedings must be in an unchangeable manner. To avoid any surprise action that endangers a worthy judge. But the immutability of the elements of the proceedings should not be considered absolute.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Fishing tools have also been used to collect data. Findings and

The importance of Tari lawsuits stems from the fact that during the main lawsuit And their design is accidental and usually the decision on the main lawsuit is subject to clarification It is the result of a lawsuit, and in practice it is very much in the courts.Such importance, unfortunately, has not been properly considered not only by the legislature, but also by issues, The issues, legal effects and procedure governing such lawsuits have not been considered by lawyers.

Using descriptive and analytical research methods, we tried to achieve the above goals. The findings suggest that independent states have equal sovereignty. Therefore, in order for a country to have the right to sovereignty and enjoy such a right in the international arena, it must be recognized by the international community, or at least, a country, the most important of which are its neighbors. It can be said that identification is the first necessary step to achieve legal identity. Recognition of countries is a political act that has only legal effects and consequences, and therefore the act of recognition is not in itself an international legal act. No country has the duty to recognize another country or another government unless the interests of the recognizing country so require, and no country has the right to be recognized and to demand it from others. If a country meets all the characteristics described in international relations or the rulings of the International Court of Justice (territory, population, government and sovereignty), it cannot be a subject of international law if it is not at least recognized as a country. As a billionaire country like the People's Republic of China has not been recognized by many countries for many years. Legally, membership in the United Nations also does not impose an obligation on others to recognize it.

Recognition is a concept that is closely related to sovereignty, so one cannot ignore its impact on the international arena. In practice, the state becomes a political and international entity when it is recognized by other states, and this recognition will be effective in safeguarding the rights, tasks, and duties of the state in the global and international arena. While recognizing a state may actually impose restrictions on the state, it makes states not to evade fulfilling their obligations, and therefore its role and impact cannot be ignored. One of the important effects of recognition for states can be the possibility of their membership in the United Nations and the enjoyment of that membership's rights for that state. However, the creation of a series of tasks and duties for the said state at the same time as membership in the United Nations cannot be avoided. It is clear that recognition is a turning point in the formation of the legal personality of a state and its activity in the international arena in the form of international organization. Therefore, in the light of the foregoing, in this article we seek to examine the effects of recognizing states and how the states are recognized internationally.

After the Islamic Revolution, on the existing rival discourses,  a unique socio-political system was formulated called the Islamic republic of Iran. The newly emerged system of Iran got shaped and continued on a gradual trend, in a base of identity and other-making relations and in the shade of the hegemony of many (sub)discourses. Finding a proportional level of convergence, compromise and reconciliation between the existing and effective forces and sub-discourses has always been a fundamental concern. Because discourses define themselves in opposition to other discourses and see their survival and power extension in the rejection of rival discourses. This form of conflict has imposed heavy charges on the country and can bring the future of the political system a serious risk. This paper, having a futurist and pathological approach, aims to address this question “which mechanisms and patterns do the dominant political discourses in the I.R. of Iran use to reach reconciliation with internal and external others and extend them to the socio-political area”. This paper proposes a theoretical model and combines the semiotics with the idea of other - making frontiers in Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau’s democracy and Colleen Murphy’s theory of political reconciliation and believes as far as the level of other-making in the post-revolutionary socio-political system gets thinner,  a suitable framework for recognizing discourses by each other and transitioning from Antagonism to Agonism has been provided.

Nowadays, the Theory of Recognition emerges as a new discourse, at the same time has been grown up in the field of Western philosophy and social sciences. In the present article, the fundamentals and intellectual principles of Axel Honneth’s thought – a German political philosopher who has an important role in the expansion of recognition theory – are studied. Honneth considered the concept of “recognition” as the basis of social conflict by re-interpreting the critical theory and aiming at eliminating the barriers that this theory has been struggling with at the beginning. He presented a new understanding of the concept of “identity” to pass the first generation of critical theory presented by Adorno, Horkheimer, and Marcuse, who all emphasized on negative dialectic and the second generation that emphasized on the communicative action in the universalism framework and Intersubjectivity to evaluate the perspective of the ethical experiences of subjects in interpersonal interactions based on recognition theory. The main question raised in the present study is “How does Axel Honneth evolve in contemporary radical issues by introducing measures in the framework of recognition theory with the critical approach?” In response to this question, the following hypothesis is proposed: Honneth has come up with a comprehensive view of recognition by relating three areas of identificators, namely, love and friendship with rights-based relationships and solidarity. He deduced this achievement as the basis of an infraclass analysis of contemporary radicalism and a critique of the orthodox view. The aim of the present study was to examine one of the growing trends in contemporary radicalism.

The Creation of the Independent State of Palestine has a basic priority and it is an important step to support the rights of the nation of Palestine. However, there are numerous challenges relevant to this issue. First in this study, the right of Palestinian to form an independent state and the historical background of the crisis, including the measures having been taken to form the state of Palestine have been considered. Then, the necessary elements to establish a state from viewpoint of the international law have been examined.This study concludes that the right of self determination and the right of Palestinian to create an independent state have been confirmed by the international law principles, and have been emphasized in the UN resolutions. However, the most serious challenge rises from the occupation of Palestinian territories by Israel and unwillingness of Israel to establish the state of Palestine.

Post-cold War makes necessarily, the restructuring of the East-West relationship. Chorges in developing countries caused some intellectual advantores. This tread led to the critique of colonialism. Yet, post-colonialists calim there is a really radical critique of colonialism, because conventional theories neglect knowledge, for them, the new stage of anti-colonialism has been begun by the critique of western reason and its impact on third world. Also, post-modern critique of modernity and westernism interpreted in the different post-colonial perspectives is African philosophy and subalter study group. Accordingly, post-colonial thinkers synthesize some contemporary western theories with traditional interpretations. Each of them reach to a new understanding of colonialism.