جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "فضاهای عمومی" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

The purpose of the present research is to evaluate the impact of the design of public spaces in Bojnoord city in improving the feeling of social security.

This research is applied in terms of the purpose of the research, descriptive and analytical in terms of the method, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a field research method. The statistical population of the research is made up of citizens over 18 years of age in Bojnord city, 383 of whom were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula and stratified random sampling method. To collect the data of the research, the researcher-made questionnaire of public spaces and the Delaware Social Security Feeling Standard Questionnaire (2004) were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by respected professors and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha formula of 0.76 and 0.88, respectively. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, statistical correlation coefficient, regression and Friedman test were used using SPSS software.

The findings of the research show that the design of public spaces has a positive and significant effect on promoting the feeling of social security.

The results of the research indicate that the type of structure and general urban spatial organization and most importantly the degree of urban permeability have a great impact on reducing urban crimes and increasing the sense of social security.

Parks and green public spaces are parts of the ecological fabric of cities to the extent that environmental life and the sustainability of cities depend on them. The aim of this research is to measure the level of citizens’ satisfaction with the quality of urban parks. The example studied is Women's Laleh Park in the city of Noorabad. To this end, efforts were made to evaluate and analyze the success or the failure of the quality of the park from the point of view of women. The current research is a quantitative research in terms of its purpose in the field of applied research and has deployed a descriptive-analytical approach based on the nature of the data.The statistical population of this research included all women who came to Laleh Park in a span from May to December 2022. The sample size included 200 women; this sample was assessed using Sample Power software with a confidence level of %95, a possible error of %5, and an alpha value of 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05. For data analysis, SPSS26 software was used due to its statistical capabilities, and  AMOS24 software was deployed for structural equation modeling. To answer the hypotheses of the research, at the first stage, criteria and sub-criteria that explained the satisfaction of the multiple dimensions of women's park were compiled through documentary and library studies. Then, a questionnaire, consisting of 66 questions in the form of a five-point Likert scale, was designed and distributed among the women who came to Laleh Park. The distribution of the questionnaire was also done using a systematic sampling method during the peak hours of women’s visiting of this public space. It should be noted that the measuring scales included 6 general questions, 10 questions on safety and security, 10 social-cultural questions, 10 physical questions, 10 questions about health and environment, 10 questions about the furniture and environment of the park, and 10 questions about physical and mental health.In total, the results obtained from the current research are as follows. In an overall evaluation of the quality of Laleh Park, the findings showed that most of the studied sites were of low quality, and there were many weak points. The results also showed that the condition of Laleh Park was favorable in terms of quality in 3 items. 18 items were semi-optimal, and other 38 items had unfavorable status. Also, the results of the analysis of the second-order factor model showed that according to the women, participating in the research, satisfaction with physical-physical factors with a factor load of 0.86 had the highest priority and had the first place. After the physical-physical factor, the health and environmental index came second with a factor load of 0.78. The third rank belonged to park furniture index with a factor weight of 0.73. Further, it was found that safety and security index with a weight of 0.68 was in the fourth place, the health index with a weight of 0.58 came fifth. The cultural and social index was in the sixth place with a weight of 0.48.

The need to spend time in public spaces is essential for all citizens, regardless of gender, age, income level, job, etc. The presence of women in the urban space has not only physical and psychological benefits for them but also can provide society with their supporting role. The present research is aimed at evaluating and comparing the status of the accessibility of urban public spaces for women. The case study of the research is the city of Semnan, which consists of three districts, and one neighborhood in each district will be investigated.

The approach used in the research is of descriptive-analytical type, and statistical methods and multiple linear regression have been used in five steps to evaluate the accessibility of urban space in these three neighborhoods.

The results of the research show that the “Farhangian” neighborhood in the third district has the best situation in terms of the accessibility of urban space for women. “Choub Masjid” and “Golestan” neighborhoods are the next priorities.

Among the 9 investigated indicators, the component of security in all neighborhoods is the most important indicator of the presence of women in the urban space. Following this index, social factors, environmental pollution, individual factors, access to transportation means, streets, and urban furniture are placed in the next hierarchy in the “Choub Masjed” neighborhood. In the “Golestan” neighborhood, accessibility index and urban furniture are mentioned as the most important factors behind security. In the “Farhangian” neighborhood, after the security component, the access index has created the most significant relationship with the accessibility of the urban space for women.

The surrounding environment has a tremendous effect on people's behavior. In the field of urban planning and architecture, the type of housing and its descriptive elements can influence the lifestyle and social interactions of people in the society. In addition to the type and form of housing, design factors and methods also affect people's behavior. These factors, along with the type and shape of the design, can shape human behavior. Social behavior and mass behavior are two types of effective behavior of design methods and factors. This article was written with the aim of investigating the importance of mass behavior and paying attention to it in the design of urban public spaces. In this article, data collection was done by documentary method, and finally, to analyze the data collected in the field of theoretical foundations and the relationship between aspects, the method of logical reasoning was used, relying on the perception and insight of the authors. The result is that mass behavior includes features that make their attention and organization important. These features include mass excitement, mass excitability, momentary action, suggestibility, credulity, anonymity, violence, and irrationality, and therefore, an architect as well as an urban designer must pay attention to the formation of mass behavior and its characteristics and the effects that the mass receives from his design.

Territorial behaviors are one of the most important and influential behaviors related to the environment and the use of it. Therefore, if the space is in accordance with these behaviors, it can lead to an increase in the quality of the environment and it makes them use it more and better. In line with the study of women's territorial behavior, the present research seeks to identify a concept called "semi-private territories" and achieve its characteristics in public spaces, which according to the research conducted and the hypothesis of the research, is compatible with the territorial behavior of women. It is also in line with women spatial preferences in public spaces. After conducting library studies and compiling the research literature, field studies have been used in a qualitative way using interview tools and contextual conversations to achieve the research goals. In fact, in order to explain the concept of semi-private territories and its characteristics, the opinions of various women in relation to their spatial preferences and territorial behavior in public spaces have been collected and analyzed. The qualitative analysis of the findings has been done in the form of coding and in the platform of Atlas.ti8 software. Based on this, with the study of women's territorial behavior, the concept of "semi-private territory" is defined. The semi-private territory is a territory that is neither completely private nor public, which, while being located in a public arena, has characteristics close to and similar to private territories, but has less public characteristics. These territories have characteristics such as: relative privacy and coziness, relative separation of space by visual and non-visual limits and boundaries, reducing the amount of access to the space compared to the public territory, etc, which is in accordance with the territorial behavior of women in public spaces and provides the necessary conditions for their presence in the space

Nowadays, public spaces, especially in underprivileged neighborhoods, do not adequately meet children’s needs. One of the most important problems of these neighborhoods is the insecurity in public spaces, which intensifies social and economic issues, and in fact, it could be called an obstacle to the growth and development of children living in underprivileged neighborhoods. The present study, while aiming at enhancing the security of public spaces from the children’s perspective, has investigated the challenges of their security in public spaces in underprivileged neighborhoods.

The research method of the article is of qualitative type and based on participation with children. Ten to twelve year-old girls are considered as the target group, and interview and drawing methods were considered as research tools proportionate to the target group. Elteimur neighborhood in Mashhad was chosen as a case study due to the residence of low-income class people and the existence of security issues. Finally, the findings have been achieved through the analysis of maps of the neighborhood and the analysis of the content of the text of the interviews and the coding of the resulting data.

Data analysis has led to the identification of routes in the neighborhood where children frequently pass by, the location of unsafe places from their point of view, and the getting to know factors that cause the insecurity feeling among children in every single unsafe place. The results of the research indicate that the coexistence of worrying people and worrying judicial factors in the environment along with the mental backgrounds transferred from the family, media and personal experiences which all have caused various types of fear of insecurity among children in Elteimur neighborhood, Mashhad.

The suitability of cultural spaces as a public space is an important issue to be considered. The need for presence in space for all groups, regardless of gender, age, occupation, etc is essential. Given the high value of women in society, and given that women constitute half of society and are considered as the family axis, they should be spiritually and physically well-off. Women, in addition to being themselves active in all aspects, they educate active groups. This paper investigates the factors affecting the presence of Kurdish women in cultural spaces.The research method is a descriptive-analytical approach and data were gathered through field studies and a questionnaire tool and Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The statistical population of this paper is women and men (70% of the statistical population were women) who are associated with Fajr art and Cultural Complex of Sanandaj. The factors affecting the presence of women in public spaces, and in particular cultural spaces, cover a wide range of physical, social, cultural and economical constraints. The most important influencing factors are indicators of the need for such places and patriarchy and appropriate access to these spaces for citizens. Need feeling means that the existing cultural complex is not responder to their needs. Therefore, the relationship between the effective factors and the needs and conditions of women is examined and finally recommendations are made to reduce the impact of these factors.

Transportation is an important part of sustainable urban development. Tehran intercity passenger terminals carry millions of passengers throughout the year and make a significant contribution to urban transportation and management. Tehran city terminals, in addition to their special physical space, are dominated by a special social space that has led to the production and even reproduction of various social harms and instabilities. The sampling method of this research is qualitative and judgmental. This research intends to identify and model the problems, inefficiencies and social instabilities of Tehran's terminals with a qualitative-exploratory approach and using thematic analysis technique. The findings of this study show that the terminals of Tehran have become a place for social harms due to risk factors such as congestion, instability of elements and factors, high turnover, urban entry and exit, legal vacuum in management and even religious issues. On the other hand, due to poor supervision and lack of integrated urban management, these damages and instabilities have overflowed to neighboring neighborhoods and even inside the bus, which has finally reproduced the vicious cycle of unstable space and social damage to the terminals.

The formation of social interactions requires a spatial container. Public spaces can lead to the formation of a sense of identity, belonging and a sense of place by increasing the amount of communication, convergence of different individuals and groups, providing a platform for various activities and events, and thus inducing collective memory among the residents. All of which are components of social capital. , In the present study, an attempt has been made to explain the relationship between social capital, public spaces and neighborhood identity, the various dimensions of this issue. Therefore, the study of the impact of physical and social dimensions of space on the components of social capital such as trust and interaction and incidental participation in social networks can explain the role of public spaces in social capital and neighborhood identity. This research has been done through correlation and regression tests in spss-minitab software.

Security is one of the main components of citizens' presence in public places. Whereas women are more exposed to social threats, ensuring the security of urban spaces is of more importance for the presence of this group in these places. The present study is aimed at assessing the security of public spaces in zone 1 of Shiraz city for women.  

The present research is of descriptive-analytical type and the tool used for data processing is factor analysis in SPSS. A survey method has been used to collect data in the research. The indicators cited in the research have also been extracted through reviewing valid research documents. The statistical population of the study is pedestrian women in two benchmark urban areas in zone 1 of Shiraz. The sampling was implemented using Cochran method and systematic sampling method, and the total number of samples reached 150 cases.

Results of the present study indicate that the security of public places in zone 1, from the women's perspective in physical, functional and semantic dimensions is low; while in terms of social dimension, the level of security of these places is moderate. The results of factor analysis also indicate that in total, out of 27 indicators extracted, 5 important factors which highly contribute to promoting  women's security feeling  could be emphasized: creating the necessary background and infrastructure for the presence of women without any concerns (with specific value  of 2.493); quality of public place (with a specific value of 1.927); appropriate environmental design to prevent crime (with a specific value of 1.687); intimacy and friendliness  of the environment (with a special value of 1.437) and the independence of women to participate in public space (with a special value of 1.330). Combination of these factors indicates the conditions that may provide the required platform and ground for the security of women in the public places of Shiraz. Altogether, promoting women's security feeling in the urban spaces of Shiraz requires benefitting from several macro strategies such as designing a security-oriented environment, increasing spatial readability and providing the desired lighting of urban places. The feasibility of any of the aforesaid strategies requires the implementation and deployment of operational strategies aligned with these strategies

Security is a social concept and its application in a way makes sense when urban communities are concerned. In the absence of security feeling, no urban space will be visited by citizens and they will not interact with others in it. According to the approach of sociology of security, analyzing security while disregarding social factors cannot be of any help. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the extent of urban security in selected neighborhoods in Ahvaz and to provide solutions to eliminate insecurity in the relevant neighborhoods. The research is of descriptive-analytical type. In the present research, following looking into the relevant theoretical foundations, constituents such as "land use, passages quality, environment comfort, public transport and environment discomfort" came out to be indicators of urban landscape based on assessing public citizens' security feeling. Afterwards, by distributing 10 questionnaires among experts, the required data were collected and following that entropy method was used to assess the security indices. Then, the COPRAS model was used to rank the selected neighborhoods in Ahvaz. The research results indicate that according to the assessment indices, there is a very lively and dynamic neighborhood in Zone 2 of the western part of Ahvaz which enjoys many facilities, while in the central part of Ahvaz, in district 1 and also in the western part of Ahvaz, the neighborhoods of district 6 are in undesirable conditions and have poor urban security and are considered the most deprived neighborhoods as far as security feeling indicators are concerned.

One of the dimensions related to the security of urban environments, space and urban construction. A suitable urban space, to a large extent, provides security and inappropriate urban spaces, destroys it and paves the way for all kinds of social harms and problems. In this regard, this study, with the aim of spatial analysis, has studied the sense of security of citizens in public urban spaces, Kangan city.

This research is a descriptive-analytical methodology and random sampling method, in which the statistical population of the study areas is 30880 people. Therefore, the sample size was 384 with Cochran's formula. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The research findings show that the level of security in public spaces in low-income areas with an average of 13.40 is higher than the average level of security of users of public spaces in medium-sized areas (12/59) and prosperous (32). / 13) is. Considering the average data available in different areas of Kangan city, the observed difference between the averages of different areas of the city in terms of the feeling of security in public spaces, although with a slight difference, is confirmed.

Safety is the most important Characteristic of public spaces and a prerequisite for citizens to attend in actively utilize these spaces. On the other hand, it is a right for general public to live in secure cities and an obligation for states to provide their citizens with a safe ambience. This article reports the findings of a survey on 300 public spaces in Mashhad in regard with safety. Also the findings of a field research with a sample of 1000 women concerning their safety feeling in urban public spaces are presented. The observed spaces includes parks, city bridges, underpasses and main traffic routes which were evaluated on the basis of physical, symbolic and social dimensions of safety. The findings indicate that underpasses and private passenger transporters are the most insecure situations from respondents point of view. Parks and the area around the interviewees Location fall in the second place. The respondents evaluated buses, Pedestrian bridges and cabs the safest places they have experienced. The deserves special attention is the low level of moral security as around half the respondents feel they are exposed to molestation, being kidnapped so on.The researcher concludes with some suggestion for improving safety in public city spaces.

Destruction in public spaces is one of the most undesirable social phenomena in most cities of the country, which causes serious damage. The necessity of this research is to identify the root causes of this phenomenon by adolescents. The main objective of the research is to identify the roots of destructiveness among adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years old.
This research is descriptive and analytical. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research is adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old in Zanjan (about 39727 people) in 2016. Using Cochran method, 400 adolescents were selected as sample size to complete the questionnaire via simple random sampling method. Pearson tests, independent T and path analysis have been used to analyze the data.
Findings show that there is a significant relationship between the environmental variables, socioeconomic status, cultural base, psychological excitements, socialization and environmental factors with destructive behavior among adolescents.
Consequently, taking measures in the area of social, spatial, family planning and education can reduce the extent of destructive injuries.

One of the most important factors affecting the quality of urban spaces, there is a sense of security in these spaces. Because in the absence of a sense of security, these spaces will not be able to provide their core functions and over time the people of these areas, avoid it. This issue is more aspect in urban parks. In this regard, this research to survey the impact physical structure Harandi Park on the sense of security of the citizen's. This study from to goal, Practical and the method is descriptive analysis. Using the Available method, sample size of 189 persons has been selected. The research results show the physical structure indicators in the park adverse Harandi and the sense of security is low. Other results can be referred A lot of impact of indicators to monitor citizens' sense of security; the relationship between physical structure and a sense of security, significant differences between women and men in the rate sense of security in public spaces.

Attention to women’s needs in urban public spaces means inviting them to participate in these social spaces and can lead to women’s urban participation in social activities. A feeling of insecurity among women in urban spaces limits their perfect participation in the city and lead to psychological damages for the person, family and society. The purpose of this paper is to search environmental and physical elements affecting on women’s sense of security in some public spaces of Shiraz. The research method is analytical- descriptive. The population included 608810 individuals living in four, one and five areas of Shiraz, 245 women in public spaces completed the research data as the sample group. For data analysis, nine independent variables included age, occupation, education, quality of land use, psychological characteristics of public space, urban pollution of public space, pattern of public space design and environmental elements of public space that have direct effect on women’s feeling of security were entered in path analysis. Findings of data path analysis show that the most changes of dependent variable relates to the effect of land use quality of urban public spaces (0.271).

There has been a huge concern about the manner of confrontations of different social groups with urban public spaces within urban scholars. Among these social groups, young people have been particularly important. Because they have a tangible presence in the city's public spaces and social life of the city are affected by their presence. This paper examines the uses of public spaces by young people and will pay special attention to the role of social control on use of public spaces. Paper focuses on the study of young people who attend in public places with their friends from opposite sex. We have inspired by theories of urban public spaces such as Oldenburg's third place as well as comprehensive research of Rob White on crime, policing and urban public spaces in Australia in this paper. The main question of the paper is that this particular group of young people choose which public spaces and why? In a qualitative approach, two techniques of observation and in - depth interviews have been chosen for collecting data. Original data collected in interviews with 20 girls and boys who attend in public places with their friends from opposite sex. Results show that parks and coffee shops are preferred urban public places of youth. Formal control would push these youth to out of the way and cozy public spaces.

Right to the city is composed of appropriation and participation in urban affairs. Appropriation is realized through movement in the city, presence in it, comfort feeling, and having proper spaces. While urban participation is possible through being involved in urban policy-making, decision-making for physical and spatial issues, urban economy, ownership and control of urban spaces. The present paper with the use of Henri Lefevbre seeks to explain how the urban everyday life is affected by not being able to use the public spaces. An important part of urban spaces is the public space. Public spaces are those spaces which public have access to them, and their purpose is to pave the way for social interactions and make people comfort. The present study analyzed the current trends of public spaces in order to assess the right to city. During the last few years, the privatization of urban public spaces has occurred. In other words, due to some socio-economic change, both the production of space and control of space have come to the hand of private corporations. Commodification of space has caused the privatization of public spaces. Given the multi-dimensional nature of challenges facing cities, reasonable management of urban public spaces requires paying attention to four inter-related aspects which are: regulation of land use and its conflict management, definition and implementation of maintenance of these spaces, investment in public spaces, and co-ordination of interventions of different sectors in public spaces.