جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « cybercrime » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

In today's era, the cyber space has found its special role and has attracted the attention of the world. Considering the characteristics such as the dynamic and changeable nature of the cyberspace; The institution of crime detection in Iran's legal system is associated with gaps and challenges.

This article is written in a descriptive, analytical and documentary library method.

The crime detection agency in Iran is faced with many gaps and challenges in detecting cyber crimes, the most important examples of which are: unequal attitude towards FATA police based on differential proceedings, lack of legal obligation for specialized training for specialized police officers, lack of special powers For the police in the face of cybercrimes, the lack of effective interaction and cooperation with the police in the detection of cybercrimes, creating a material incentive in the law to attract specialized police such as the FATA police.

In addition to these gaps, the crime detection institution also faces challenges that; Concealment of cybercrime, lack of territorial limitation and international aspect, concealment of criminals, coding and erasure of documents, gap in technological equipment, lack of sufficient expertise of judicial and law enforcement authorities, not prioritizing cybercrime and lack of coherent criminal policy are the most important examples of challenges that In order to detect cyber crimes, they are in front of the Kashf institution.

Considering the difference in the type and number of crimes committed by women, the growth of cyber space in the last decade and women trend toward online businesses, its more physical security and its availability for everyone, this issue is considered as one of the biasing factors of omen crimes.

This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on all computer crime documents divided by year. Data analyzed using SPSS18 software.

The study showed that women’s cyberspace crime ratio to the total women’s crime in comparison with total cyberspace crime ratio to total crime was 1/3 and 0.6 respectively (almost double) in the four years of study. The proportion of women’s cyber crime out of total cybercrime was 16.6% and women’s total crime out of total crime was 7.5%. Moreover, the maximum crime was related to fraud and minimum was related to hacking. There were no significant difference between other crime patterns.

The lack of significant differences between honor crimes (unauthorized access, hacking, publication of lies and publication of obscene images) with other crimes in this study indicates that women's crimes are in conflict with their feminine role (motherhood and wife) to be less harmful the family system.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the occurrence of crime in cyberspace using a mixed approach.

This research is among the researches mixed with qualitative and quantitative approach which is descriptive-survey in terms of purpose, application and nature and method. The statistical population of the study consists of academic experts who were selected as sample members using the principle of theoretical adequacy and purposive sampling method. In the qualitative part of the research, semi-structured (in-depth) interviews were used to collect data, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed using CVR coefficient and Kappa-Cohen test, respectively. Atlas.ti software and coding method were analyzed and the effective factors of crime in cyberspace were identified. On the other hand, in the quantitative part, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was used to collect information, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed using content validity and incompatibility rate.

The results of the research indicate that based on judgments and surveys of experts, sixteen factors were introduced as effective factors in the occurrence of crime in cyberspace. The findings also show that the weakness of digital literacy of users, emotional, financial and information needs of individuals, cultural weakness, lack of appropriate and deterrent laws and regulations, inefficiency of security systems, inflation and corruption, rising unemployment and low risk of arrest are the most important causes. They are effective in the occurrence of criminal behaviors in cyberspace.

The present age, which is called the "cybernetic age", has caused a large part of commercial, economic, social, political, etc. activities to move from the real space to this space, so that today We are witnessing a kind of virtualization of all different areas of life in the universe. On the other hand, the rapid acceleration of technological change in the global arena has made planetary relations, virtual reality and global surrealism the subject of international relations. Therefore, the study of theoretical perspectives on the cybernetic age and also the study of the impact of new communication technologies in the postmodern age on the main components of international relations and finally the need for international cooperation to combat modern cybercrime is one of the main objectives of this article. We will pay.

The present study was conducted by descriptive and analytical methods.

We can conclude that all processes, structures, services, actions and activities in various fields of political, social, economic, security, educational, etc., both domestically and internationally Influenced by new communication and information technologies (cyber) that this fact is happening virtually. The complex technologies of the modern age, which have permeated all areas of human life, have penetrated into the realm of relations between units of the international system, especially in the dimension of threats, wars and conflicts, and have influenced current dynamics within and between societies. . The emergence of cybercrime, especially in the international arena, has brought the new era of cybernetics, which, due to its complex nature and scope, requires the full cooperation of all agencies and organizations in the domestic and international arenas.

Due to growing use of the cyberspace in today's world, both at the macro level (governmental and administration) and at the micro one (inter-citizenship), one of the most important tasks of the legislators in this respect, is to provide security, both civil and criminal. Undoubtedly, committing of a crime or any other wrongdoing, in this cyberspace, is changing daily with the growth of technology. Sometimes, there is no proportionality between the crime committed and the punishment imposed, and that’s why the offender, by evaluating his what he/she achieves by his wrongdoing in this cyberspace and the extent of punishment foreseen for a specific committed crime, commits the intended crime. Given that delinquent behavior in this space, can lead to insecurity, in both levels  of major governmental infrastructures and users’ security. Meanwhile, no mechanism different from civil liability determined for crimes committed in real space, for wrongdoings in cyberspace by the Legislation so far, it seems that providing a strategy, to update some articles of the cybercrime law,

Deep fakes or complex computer forgeries are one of the recent achievements of human society. This phenomenon allows people to create unrealistic videos, images and sounds with a variety of purposes and functions. Some of these functions are part of the social life of society. But many abuses are also conceivable. This raises challenges regarding the type of criminal response to it.

The present study was conducted by descriptive and analytical methods.

Human rights treaties set out the criteria that governments should consider in taking any action to protect human rights and freedoms. These criteria should also be considered for deep fakes. However, the new construction technology as well as its various functions have made the exact boundaries between criminal and legal instances unclear. This study concludes that, firstly, in the Iranian legal system, there is no specific criminalization for such forgeries, and secondly, despite the fact that many of its examples are covered by some crimes, the Iranian penal system with The specific facts and requirements of this phenomenon are inconsistent.

The overall purpose of this assessment is to identify the impact of social and family factors on crime in cyberspace.In the research method, according to the nature of the subject and the objectives of this research, documentary, field, descriptive and survey methods were used.The statistical population in this study includes experts and officers of cybercrime.Theories related to misbehavior and criminology have been used, and due to the small number of the statistical population in this study, the sample size of all experts and officers in the cybercrime department is 50. The counting method was used for sampling.The instrument used was a researcher-made questionnaire with a base of 0.90.The data were analyzed using regression test.The results showed that feelings of belonging to family, unfriendly friends, unemployment and poverty, and income constraints all contribute to cybercrime. A person's social participation in committing a crime in cyberspace has no effect.

Cybercrime is one of the challenges of NAJA that requires careful and scientific supervision. Realizing this important , the purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize how to monitor crime in cyberspace.

The present study is an applied research that is performed by survey method. The statistical population of the research is the experts of specialized police (in the field of information technology and computer engineering), numbering 43 people, which has been implemented using other cases. Data collection was done by a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its value was 0.76, which is an acceptable reliability.Friedman test was used to prioritize the method of monitoring cybercrime.

All methods of monitoring cybercrime are confirmed and Friedman pilot test takes precedence of methods including methods 1) monitoring Hungarian activities, 2) monitoring mine channels, 3) monitoring trade and works, 4) monitoring advertising and 5) Monitoring the activities of NGOs in cyberspace can be.

FATA police with the proposed methods of this research can have effective monitoring of cybercrime and prevent the occurrence of crime in cyberspace by acting in a timely manner with criminals.

The vastness of cyberspace has taken up all aspects of human life, in a way that keeping aloof from this space is inconceivable for some people. Despite the undeniable benefits of cyberspace, unfortunately, since its advent, the misuse of this space has created many potential and actual risks. This research has been done by descriptive and analytical method, based on the available library resources, and its jurisprudential principles have been expressed by going through the releval sources and its nature and legal conditions are examined. The result of this research shows that assistance in cybercrime is one of the examples of involving in a sin or wrongdoing. So, its forbidness is proved by citing Quranic evidence, validity and the independent rule of reason on the ugliness of helping sin. Also, the introduction of religiously prohibited and the rule of harmlessness have been studied as other jurisprudential principles. Examples of the acompalice’s behavior in cyberspace, if a combination of legal, material and spiritual elements, is criminally liable. Of course, assisting in cybercrime is sometimes independent of the main act; such as pornography, in which the legislature, while emphasizing the importance of maintaining public decency and protecting the privacy of society in two articles of Penal Code, has considered pornography as an independent crime and is sometimes subject to the main act, such as crimes against privacy, accuracy and integrity of data and systems, computers and telecommunications, etc., which can be punished according to the conditions set forth in Article 127 of the Islamic Penal Code.

Due to the great changes that have taken place in the field of technology and the various revolutions that have been witnessed in the field of information and communication technology during the last few years, and due to the positive function of this technology, it is sometimes seen that some profiteers and opportunists Learning and having the necessary skills to exploit users, as well as creating a series of problems are cyberspace, provides new and very advanced opportunities for breaking the law, as well as the potential to commit conventional and classic types of crimes in ways Unusual and very new leads cybercriminals to appear in this zero-one galaxy, whatever they want and think, and this causes a codified law to protect the users and actors of this space. The present study investigates the criminology of computer crimes in the context of criminological theories. This research has reached the conclusion with a descriptive-analytical method and the results have reached that the law of cybercrime has criminalized based on theories of pressure and imitation.

Along with the emergence and development of new technologies in everyday life, societies are witnessing the emergence of a new generation of criminals, offenders and victims, and in this regard, ensuring the security of citizens by promoting social capital is very important. The aim of this study is to design an indigenous model of social capital to prevent cybercrime.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method and based on grounded theory in terms of type of qualitative study. The statistical population of the study includes the elites in the field of cyberspace pathology. Using purposive sampling and theoretical saturation, 44 cyber specialists and criminals were selected. Semi-structured interviews have been used as data collection tools and to achieve reliability of content validity and from the point of view of experts and professors and for validity analytical comparisons have been used. In this research, data are analyzed in three stages, open, axial and selective coding

In this study, 6 components were identified as causal conditions, 3 components as underlying conditions, 3 components as intervening conditions, 3 components as consequences, and 5 components as strategies. Finally, family-oriented measures, creating national vitality and satisfaction, transparency in the performance of agents, internalization of religious beliefs, etc. are recognized as indigenous social capital.   

The institutionalization of cyber ethics with emphasis on strengthening social capital in the face of its structural changes through the Iranian-Islamic model is very important. Keywords: Cybercrime, Social Capital, Cyberspace, New Technology.

Women are one of the main victims of violence in the world. With the development of societies and the globalization of communication, acts of violence against women have changed and manifested in various forms. Violence in cyberspace is one of the emerging forms of this social harm. The unique features of cyberspace, including the global world, the lack of territorial boundaries, the anonymity of users, and the ease with which identity is falsified, create the conditions for norm-breakers, such as the physical world, to threaten individuals. One of the main and most dangerous threats in this space is delinquent actions that target women and girls in cyberspace. Violence against women in cyberspace has consequences that endanger their physical and mental health, strengthen gender discrimination, and violate women's human rights standards. The right to freedom of expression and free access to information and the right to privacy and the protection of privacy under human rights standards may apply to the protection of women against cyberbullying. The present article, through a descriptive-analytical method and by analyzing the legal sources of this field, tries to reflect on cyber violence against women within the framework of rules and standards of national and international law.

Title: Media of Cyberspace and family privacy from the perspective of law Ahmad Bagheri(Faculty member, University of Tehran) Batool Gorgin(Doctor of Jurisprudence and Law) Abstract: Abstract The present study investigates crimes against family rights in modern cyber media. Crimes against family rights in the cyberspace are one of the most debated issues in today's society. There are three 'negative', 'incorrect', and 'sophisticated processes of influencing and influencing cyberspace and the family' from a social point of view in relation to cyberspace media within and outside the family institution. In all three approaches, there are points of view that indicate the importance of the media's impact on ICTs on the family and its internal and external communications. In terms of the governance and management of this media, the third approach is neither purely positive nor pragmatic, but rather pragmatic; And "Finally, the family is considered as an independent source of formulation of family protection laws in cyberspace." In all three solutions, the current situation and the desired situation are discussed from the perspective of the author. The findings of the study indicate that the family is not considered a legal entity in Iranian jurisprudence and law and that crimes against the family in the cyberspace, like real ones, have been criminalized against family members.

Today, cyberspace challenges are facing the users of this space. Meanwhile, Mazandaran province is one of the areas that have been exposed to many of these problems. Many of these problems can be reduced with the right management measures; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide management strategies to prevent cybercrime in Mazandaran province.

 Data collection method is interview and data analysis method is content analysis. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball and to collect data, experts in the field of cyberspace in the province were referred.

Includes the views of the interviewees about the shortcomings of the cybercrime prevention system and the proposed solutions for each of them, which were presented in the form of comprehensive themes through analysis. Based on the findings, cybercrime prevention factors in 4 areas of social prevention, situational prevention, criminal prevention and management measures have been studied.

The prevention of cybercrime results from the integration of crime prevention methods and only some of the methods of prevention and neglect of non-coercive patterns will not work; Therefore, the best prevention system is to take advantage of all the existing patterns. However, the police, as the first and most important authority and as the officer of the judiciary, must develop its preventive programs in the form of action. But on the other hand, cybercrime, because it is inherently transnational in nature; It is possible to provide solutions to deal with it, taking into account the various factors and institutions involved in this field and the extra-organizational, trans-regional and international attention to it.

The Cybercrime Law was finally enacted and enforced in 2009 after many ups and downs, and criminalized criminal behavior based on the Cybercrime Convention. This law, as a new and fledgling law, required legal analysis and review from various aspects and forms. Therefore, criminal investigations from different aspects and perspectives on cybercrime have been carried out since its adoption, but it What has not been explored and researched and from the perspective of neglected researchers is the etiological study of cybercrime. A causal view of a criminal phenomenon adds to our understanding of its causes. In particular, unknown or new social areas that have brought new norms. A striking example in today's world is the world of information and communication technology, which, like the earthly world, is not safe from crime and delinquency. These topics help criminologists to suggest appropriate solutions for cyber space according to the conditions and characteristics of cyberspace. Individual and environmental factors, both in the physical world and in the cyber world, play a decisive role in advancing the criminal and delinquent process. Some personal characteristics of cybercriminals help them to advance their evil goals. Cyberspace itself also has criminal characteristics and contexts that realize the criminal motives of potential perpetrators.

The characteristics of the cyber environment and, as a result, the increasing complexity of cybercrime have made the detection of these crimes time consuming and costly, therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the prevention of cybercrime. The purpose of this study is to determine the strategic factors affecting the prevention of cybercrime.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of the nature it is considered as a descriptive-survey study. The statistical population of this study consists of 15 I. R. I. Cyber-Police experts. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient method with a value of 0.89 and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content method. Also, using fuzzy Delphi method, the data was collected from the experts in two stages and the most key ones were selected. Due to the nature of this research, fuzzy Delphi method and Excel and SPSS software were used to analyze the collected data.

The findings of this study showed that the most important strategic factors affecting the prevention of cybercrime are 31 factors and 7 groups, including cultural factors, social factors, technical factors, positive factors, negative factors, internal, and external factors.

According to the results of research, culture and media production, family awareness, use of security tools by users, having specialized and trained personnel are among the effective and role-playing factors in the prevention of cybercrime that should be taken into considerations in the design and selection of appropriate strategic planning

The characteristics of the cyber environment, such as not being dependent on a specific time and place, the possibility of acquiring different identities, anonymity and ease of performing various actions, have created a favorable environment for the emergence of cybercrime. The basic information police approach can play a role in cybercrime by managing resources, increasing the speed and accuracy of police operations, and increasing public trust. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of basic information police on cybercrime.

The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of this research consists of 65 experts and specialists of FATA NAJA police who were selected in full. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity was confirmed by content method. One-sample t-test was used to analyze the data and answer the research questions.

Findings of this study showed that basic information police has a positive effect on cybercrime, which was examined and confirmed in four dimensions of basic information police human resources, internal information resources, external information resources and information technology and cyberspace of basic information police.

In order to be as successful as possible in a cybercrime mission, it is essential to pay attention to human resources, intra-organizational information resources, extra-organizational information resources, and information technology and cyberspace information base.

The growth of the use of technological tools in society has provided new criminal domains for cybercriminals to have access to any kind of criminal target in a single environment, thus becoming the victims of these criminals. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cyber skills and the rate of cyber victimization and finally identify strategies for developing these skills.

In the present study, a sequential mixed method has been used. In the first stage, the quantitative survey method and a questionnaire were used and the data obtained from this stage were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the first stage was cyberspace users in Qom province and non-random sampling method was used to evaluate the validity of content and structure validity and to evaluate the reliability of Cronbach's alpha was used. In the second stage, the qualitative method and interview tools and the content analysis method are used to analyze the data in order to identify solutions. The statistical population of the second stage was experts in the field of research and sampling method was a judgment method that in order to evaluate the reliability of the interviews, the agreement method of two coders was used.

The results indicate the negative impact of cyber skills on the rate of cyber victimization. Basic skills, problem solving skills, and safety / legality skills have a significant negative impact on cyber victimization, but communication, information, and exchange skills do not have a significant impact on victimization rates. In the second stage, strategies for developing cyber skills appropriate to the three environments of family, school and government / community have been identified.

As cyber skills increase, Cyber Victimization decreases and family, school, and community / government play key roles in developing cyber skills. The results of the research bring theoretical innovation and help decision makers understand how to develop a safer cyberspace.

The expansion of communication tools and the possibility of communicating at the lowest cost with other parts of the world, on the one hand, is a unique opportunity and on the other hand, has posed threats to the economic, cultural and political security of human beings. One of the most important of these threats is the birth and significant spread of a phenomenon called cybercrime. Crimes that, compared to traditional crimes, are taking more victims from humanity every day, as well as traditional methods of combating crime, do not work for them. The present study examines the role of the police institution along with other limiting factors of these crimes, including documents, laws. And international conventions on the prevention of these crimes.

The method used in the present study is descriptive and analytical in terms of purpose (central libraries, reputable scientific sites such as the University Jihad site, Science Direct, etc.).

In recent years, leading countries in the fight against and prevention of cybercrime have taken effective preventive measures to combat this phenomenon on the Internet. The law enforcement agencies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, realizing the crisis in Cyberspace has taken effective measures to prevent the occurrence of cybercrime, which has led to widespread psychological and media repercussions. Social and cultural development of leading countries in the fight against cybercrime.

The development of information society has led to many other developments, including the expansion of cyberspace and the emergence of new types of cybercrime deviations and crimes. One of these large-scale offenses is Cyberstalking. Official agencies and institutions do not provide accurate data on this type of crime. Also, due to the value system of the country, many of these types of crimes are not reported to the relevant institutions. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, the study has used Felson's victimology approach that gives a more accurate estimation of this crime. This crime occurs because of its interactive nature among people of different genders. The types of Cyberstalking that were the subject of this research are threats, theft of information and identity, the dissemination of lies, and harassment. The research method of this study is to investigate the victims to discover the crime's realistic rate and analyze its causes. The survey's statistical population is citizens over 15 years of age in Tehran using at least one hour of Internet per week. Findings show that around 8.9% of Tehran's users have been attacked at least once. So it can be said Cyberstalking is a social problem that is taking place in cyberspace. Analysis of the findings shows that the online lifestyle of the victims has a significant effect on the rate and quality of the incident. Among the factors affecting the crime are the changes in values in cyberspace and the reduction of social control, which leads to ethical emancipation and self-control. This process ultimately increases the visibility and risk-taking behavior of individuals who provide the platform for her victimization.