جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خدمات کتابخانه ها » در نشریات گروه « کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات »

 The current research was carried out to design a conceptual platform based on gamification components for the services of libraries for children and teenagers.

The current research has been carried out in terms of the purpose of the applied type with a qualitative approach and the fuzzy Delphi method. The statistical population of the research was experts, specialists in gamification, children, and adolescents, as well as beneficiaries (including librarians and administrators) selected at the national level. Among these, the sample was selected purposefully. The sample size in the present study was 30 samples. The content validity of the questionnaire was calculated by calculating the CVR with a value greater than 0.49 and The CVI has been done with a value of 0.76. In the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.88.

 Based on the findings of this research, a conceptual platform based on gamification components for children and teenagers' library services includes the components of platform mechanical capabilities, game dynamics, and aesthetics. The elements of the mechanical capabilities of the platform in the library platform for children and teenagers included points, stages, badges, standings, progress tables, and competitions. Game dynamism in the library platform for children and teenagers includes success, reward, and satisfaction. Aesthetic elements in the library platform for children and teenagers include the component of emotions.

 In the design of the mechanical features of the gaming platform, it is more important to make the components of points, stages, badges, tabulations, progress tables, and competitions more important. In the design of dynamics, the components of success, satisfaction, and reward are more important. In the design of the aesthetic part, the component involving the emotions of children and teenagers is more important.

Although virtual services have been developed in libraries, they are still considered as third places as they provide facilities for community meetings and programs. The COVID-19 pandemic caused closure, delay and change in library services around the world. The news and statistics confirm that the total working hours of public libraries per week decreased compared to the pre-COVID-19 years; The number of in-person visits to these centers dropped; and the number of resources checked out declined. However, the pandemic caused a greater attention to electronic books and virtual services. Public libraries in the cities and villages of Iran were also content to rapid changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. For a considerable period of time, the libraries were closed for visits and in-person services in compliance with health protocols. Iran Public Libraries Foundation coordinated over 3000 libraries around the country by organizing the employees telecommuting, providing digital resources and encouraging the librarians to provide useful content on social media. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic led the researchers to explore the various aspects of the spread of this disease on information services and library programs. A variety of topics have been investigated including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of digital resources, collection making priorities and budgeting, virtual reference services, health literacy etc.; However, despite the sinking of this pandemic, the research on COVID-19 impacts on libraries is still increasing. The current issue of the Journal of Research on Information Science and Public Libraries (RISPL) is dedicated to new studies conducted on the effects of Covid-19 pandemic on the public libraries in Iran. The participation of librarians in social networks and the analysis of the content produced by them, the factors affecting the audience's tendency to view and use the virtual pages of public libraries, the experiences of librarians in providing online and in person programs and services during the pandemic, the readiness of libraries and use of virtual platforms are the main topics of the articles published in this issue.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, libraries around the world were faced with difficult choices in how to offer and provide services, from minimal restrictions to complete closure. The spread of the Covid-19 disease, the closure of the National Library, and the lack of face-to-face services made the National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) expand its virtual reference services compared to before and try to improve its activities in this area. In this regard, the present study aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the questions received through the virtual reference portal of NLAI. Therefore, the questions raised from this virtual reference portal during the two years of 2018 and 2019 and the level of satisfaction of users with this service were examined.
To conduct this research, the content analysis of the questions and the quantitative analysis of the transactions were done. The duration of each transaction, the subject of the questions raised, and the level of user satisfaction with the virtual reference portal of the NLAI were evaluated. For this purpose, the transactions carried out through the virtual reference portal of NLAI included 3098 transactions extracted in 2019. In order to analyze the content of each conversation and answer the basic questions of the research, sampling was done using Morgan's table and 341 cases were selected. Since more than one question was asked in some transactions, 1931 questions were examined.
The findings showed that the number of questions received through the simultaneous dialogue portal of the virtual reference has increased significantly during the epidemic due to the increase in the service delivery hours. 47.8% of the content of the questions asked was related to library services, 28.35% related to how to access resources, 8.02% related to research questions and searching for a specific topic, 8.07% related to searching in the national bibliography of Iran and finally 7.76% related to access to databases. It was informative. The satisfaction level of 90.4% of users of the simultaneous chat service is described as "excellent". The 6-fold increase in the use of the simultaneous chat portal shows that users welcome the increase in the hours of this virtual reference portal. The amount of simultaneous conversations has increased from 508 in 2018 to 3098 in 2019. On average, 5 questions are asked in each transaction. The most users of the simultaneous conversation service are in the humanities department and the least are related to the medical sciences department. One of the reasons for the welcome of the Humanities Department to the virtual reference services of the National Library is the method of collecting data for research in this study group, which is mostly based on library studies.
One of the most important actions of the National Library in the early days of the Covid-19 epidemic and after closing the library, in order to develop information services and help meet the information needs of members and users, was to increase the hours of simultaneous conversation. In this way, simultaneous conversation with users, in addition to meeting their information needs, provided a good opportunity to receive feedback and reasonable expectations of users from library services, which led to the provision of new services. The service of preparing digital copies of books, non-books, and periodical resources, respecting the intellectual property of the resources, was one of the important services that were launched in order to meet the needs of users, and currently, this service is available electronically for all members and non-members of the National Library. It is provided by sending a request to the e-mail address.
Originality/value: This is the first study to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chat reference services at a national library.

Determining the use of Internet of Things (IoT) in selected libraries

This survey used a researcher-made checklist. ؟ ؟experts confirmed the validity of the tool. Websites of twenty libraries as well as the literature about the use of the IoT by them were examined. Also we contacted with relevant people in the target libraries to receive additional data. Types of libraries, services provided by IoT technologies and tools were investigated.

The libraries benefited from 1) Radio wave identification technology (RFID); 2) Bluebeam technology; 3) Smart camera 4) Smart public areas project; 5) Hui Wen library information service system; 6) Montreal; 7) Book robot; 8) Smart robot; 9) Car to Car communication; 10) Capira mobile application is used to provide services. Bluebeam technology provided users with widest range of all the 10 services. Hui Wen's library information service system by benfiting from eight applications came top in using IoT.

The very fact that libraries studied continue to use IoT, may suggest that Iranian libraries should consider employing this emerging technology

The purpose of the research is to investigate the interaction blind and partially sighted users with the public libraries of the country and their goals and motivations for visiting libraries and to determine their level of satisfaction with these services.

The current research is conducted with a survey method and a descriptive approach. The statistical population includes 365 active members who were selected by random sampling. A total of 233 questionnaires were completed by the participants with telephone and face-to-face follow-ups. The data collection tool was a questionnaire.  Statistical techniques and SPSS22 software were used to analyze the research data.

According to the research findings, most of the sections for the blind (29 sections) are in the central library or urban libraries in the center of the province and the rest of the cities do not have this section. In terms of gender, 54.1% of the users in the blind sector are women, and in terms of qualifications, most users (44.6%) have a bachelor's degree. 51.5% of users are completely blind and 48.5% are blind. In general, users' satisfaction with the current situation is above average (3.95 out of 5 on the Likert scale) and the highest level of satisfaction with the attitude, guidance, knowledge and expertise of library librarians and the level of satisfaction with the quality, quantity and up-to-dateness of library resources in It was moderate. Also, the lowest level of users' satisfaction was with the signs and guidelines for their guidance and the design and architecture of the blind section.

It seems that due to the significant deficiencies and shortcomings that can be seen in the research findings, it is necessary for the Iran's public libraries to improve services at different levels so that blind and visually impaired users can more easily and satisfactorily use the facilities and resources of libraries.

Originality: 

Numerous research have been done in the field of the blind section of public libraries and each of them has studied the blind section of a specific library, but this research covers all the blind sections of public libraries in the country.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine the users expectations of the public libraries of Kermanshah in the technology age.

Methedology:

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population included all the members of public libraries in Kermanshah. A simple random sampling method was used and 377 subjects were selected as the sample size based on the Cochran formula.

Findings:

In the technology age, users expect the dimensions of staff and librarians and technology to be at a desirable (above average) level. The expectations of users in the dimensions of resources, innovation, entrepreneurship and reference services are at an unsatisfactory (less than average) level and the expectations of outsourcing are modest. Comparison of the average rankings showed that the highest expectations were obtained from the viewpoint of users in the dimensions of librarians and staff and technology services, respectively. Friedman test results showed that users' expectations of public library services differed in importance and priority.

Libraries have poor performance in attracting different classes and have not been able to meet their expectations in the technology age.

the present study aimed at reviewing the public libraries under the agencies of the Public Libraries of the country services to disabled (physically disabled, blind and visually impaired, deaf and hard of hearing people).

 the methodology used in this study is a survey with descriptive and inferential statistics done in a definite time. The research population of this stage consisted of all public libraries under the agencies of the Public Libraries of the country. The researcher-development questionnaire was a Data gathering tool and used SPSS 23 software for analyzing data.

The results showed that in the category of providing services to different groups of the disabled, 50% of libraries provide services to the physically disabled, but only 11% of libraries provide services to the deaf and hard of hearing, and 12% provide services to the blind and visually impaired people. The results of the survey of public libraries based on 7 groups of services and activities include library accessibility and physical structure, advertising and service development, collection, policy and budget, services, information technology and equipment, and staff training required by the disabled, showed that the situation of the services was under average. The highest average related to library accessibility and physical structure (2.49) and staff training (1.49) was the lowest average among the public library services. In policy and budget groups, the manager’s support for delivering services to the disabled is in the first rank. In the group of library accessibility and physical structure, most of the libraries (84.9%) are equipped with suitable light and only 7.7% of them had toilets. In the advertising and service development group, informing activities and library programs through multiple channels was the most important factor. In the staff training group, most of the libraries suffer from qualified librarians. the familiarity of librarians and managers with the types of disabilities and the services they need and the existence of trained librarians are not in good condition )1.44). In the category of equipment required, the most important equipment was scanner that existed in 632 libraries (6.2%).

Libraries must pay attention to the needs and expectations of people with disabilities. The study of the status of public libraries in providing services to the disabled has not been done to such an extent. The findings of this study can pave the way for public library administrators, and librarians to provide better services to this group of society.

Considering the growing capabilities of technologies based on artificial intelligence, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the usability of Iranian products/software based on artificial intelligence in libraries and It is library software.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and descriptive-survey in terms of quantitative method. The research community, after applying the entry and exit conditions, finally consisted of 21 companies active in the field of artificial intelligence software products. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist that included two sections, company demographic information and research questions, and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.84.

The research findings showed that most of the fields of activity of the mentioned companies were text, image and audio processing and the products of these companies can be used in library software.

Utilization of artificial intelligence in the field of library software in Iran is a nascent and growing science and companies related to this field to design and produce native software compatible with the official language of the country are on the path of progress. And development.

The purpose of this research is to identify the viewpoints of Bandar Abbas public libraries librarians and users about the challenges and strategies of users’ participation in public library activities and services.

The methodology used in this research is qualitative. The potential partners of this study include 20 librarians in five Bandar Abbas public libraries and users of these libraries. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were used. After interviewing with 11 librarians and 11 users, the interview ended since theoretical saturation was reached. In order to ensure the accuracy and validity of the questions prepared for the interview, assistance was sought from three faculty members of knowledge and information science. To ensure the reliability of interview data, the directive interview technique was used and the members of research committee evaluated and examined the interview data.

By analyzing the interviews, the basic themes for the concept of user participation in library, the challenges facing users and their solutions for participation were presented. Eight basic themes were elicited for the concept of user participation in library which was categorized into two components: affectionate and organizing, and negative organizing. Affectionate component included a functional interaction in both theoretical and practical fields. Theoretical interaction involves include the three basic themes of consultation and brainstorm, sharing ideas and solidarity. Interaction in the field of practice includes the three themes of voluntary cooperation in executive affairs, two-way relationship, constructive and beneficial and profitability through synergy of forces.  For clarifying the challenges of user participation on libraries, 26 themes were elicited and categorized into 4 organizing themes: financial challenges, structural challenges, challenges of interpersonal and organizational relationships, and the challenges resulting from lack of awareness. Furthermore, user participation strategies were elicited in the form of 21 basic themes and 3 themes which include: financial solutions, structural solutions, and interpersonal and organizational solutions. Most of the librarians and users participating in this research believe that user participation has a great impact on advancement of library, and consider it useful for library, librarians and users. However, there are limitations and obstacles in the way of users’ participation in libraries. One can conclude that the ultimate solution to the challenges associated with user participation in libraries is to institutionalize community-based librarianship.

 Among the most important contributions of this research are to understand the phenomenon of user participation in the activities and services of public libraries as well as to understand the challenges and strategies of user participation in these activities.

Disability is a biosocial reality that is defined as an obstacle to a person’s ability in doing an activity in a natural position. People with disabilities are the largest minority in the international community, and more than two-thirds of the world’s disabled people are living in developing countries. The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the most important needs of the disabled in order to design and plan suitable services for Iranian public libraries.

The present research is an applied study in terms of purpose, a descriptive-analytical one in terms of nature, and a survey in terms of the method of implementation, and was conducted during a particular period. The statistical population of this study consisted of all physically disabled, blind and visually impaired, deaf and hard of hearing people aged 15 and over 15 who were under the auspices of the Welfare Organization. Using sample power software, the sample population for every group of disabled consists of 82 people that were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling among 10 provinces of Iran. The data gathering tool was 3 researcher-made questionnaires which were used in two print (paper) and online formats. Two questionnaires related to the deaf and physically disabled, in addition to the paper questionnaire, were designed in the online format using WordPress. The questionnaire for the blind was designed by Google Form due to the need to coordinate with screen reader software. To analyze data, SPSS version 23 was used.

Friedman statistical test was used to rank the needs. The result of the study showed that expert librarians with proper behaviors, having Elevator or Lift if the library is multi-storey building, and supporting the need of disabled by managers and other responsible people were the most important needs for physically disabled persons. In the blind and visually impaired group, having elevator with a braille button if the library is multi-storey building, allocating suitable budget for providing related resources and providing access to full catalogs of audiobooks in Iranian public libraries via the Internet, were in the top priorities. Among the deaf and hard of hearing people, holding group programs and recreational trips, presence of translators familiar with sign language skills and holding sign language classes were among the top third high-priority needs.

Up till now, no research has been conducted on a population as wide-ranging as the population of this research to consider diverse needs of three groups of the disabled. Public libraries can help empower the disabled people and provide them with equal access to information by considering various needs of them, thus providing a better life conditions for them.

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the reaction of academic libraries during the Pandemic -19 and determining work practices, service patterns, functional strategies and their played role. This study is a literary study that was performed by content analysis. 25 articles in the field of academic libraries during the Pandemia of the Pandemia -19 were selected from among articles published in reputable scientific journals in different databases were randomly selected and analyzed. Findings showed that most university libraries in different countries were physically closed for users during the prevalence of this epidemic, but served. In this period, the majorities renovated their web pages, re-assigned resources, and planned strong online designs. The university portal and other social media tools were used during the epidemic of communication tools. The library employees were durable, and because of the night-time relationship, during the week and without any formal work policy, they felt too responsible for addressing new workloads. Academic librarians felt that the digital gap, lack of digital literacy skills and low speed Internet The most important barriers to transferring them from physics to online mode and less use of library online resources and web portals. This study also provided recommendations to improve the role of libraries in such conditions.

The services of public libraries are divided into three dimensions. Being aware of the level of satisfaction of users about any of these dimensions can help the libraries to improve their functions. This study aims to assess library services served by public libraries located in Sistan region of Sistan and Baluchestan province and the difference between expected and perceived services by users.

This study is an applied, field study research. This is a quantitative research conducted in survey mode and includes public library users of Zabol, Zahak, Hirmand, Hamoon and Nimrooz cities. Total members are 5442 and according to the Morgan table, the sample size was at least 361. The data gathering tool was a LibQual standard questionnaire. 365 questionnaires were distributed among users which 362 were filled correctly. The analysis was performed via SPSS software and paired sample T-test.

The first aspect is the effect of service which is constructed of 7 items. In all items the difference between the minimum and maximum expected services and the perceived services were significant. In the expected services, the highest scores were given to the personnel's politeness and the lowest was for the encouraging the sense of trust among members. In the second dimension, library as place, there were 4 items used to estimate the dimension. Besides, the difference between the minimum and maximum expected services and the perceived services was significant. The highest score was for being in a comfortable place and the lowest was given to being suitable for social activity. The third dimension, control of the information was evaluated by 9 items. In this aspect, we saw that perceived services for access to electronic resources were lower than the minimum expected level. The highest score was achieved by Library as a place, and the second was the effect of service and the lowest position belongs to Information control.

Despite the problem of shortage of space in the whole province, respondents show the most problems in the dimension of Information control. In fact, the deepest gap was seen between desired expectations and perceived services in Information control dimension. So, it seems that the most important challenge for the library of this region is the enrichment of resources and to improve equipment of libraries using electronic and high-tech tools. As the function of library as a place for social activities rises, there must be more attention to physical aspects and equipment of it.

Every organization’s commitment to its social responsibilities is a way to form a positive mental image among its audience that can affect their attitude towards using of the organization’s services. In the present era, despite the various media with diverse capabilities in the field of providing and disseminating of information, the field of information is experiencing intense competition, and this competition has affected the survival of libraries as a cultural institution with a long history. Therefore, public libraries need to take on social responsibilities to ensure their survival. Accordingly, the present study seeks to determine the impact of users’ perceptions of social responsibility on usage of public library services and resources usage through the perceived organizational image.

This is an applied research that was conducted by using a survey-correlation method with a causal approach. The study population consisted of 119,409 members of Khuzestan public libraries, 383 samples of whom were selected by stratified sampling. Data were collected using a 40-item questionnaire in a five-point Likert scale based on the previous studies such as Becker-Olsen, Cudmore and Hill (2006) and Perez and Torres (2017) and a researcher-made one based on Kamali (2019) research for the usage rate section. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the composite reliability coefficient of Dillon-Goldstein (CR) average variance extracted (AVE) and Cronbach’s alpha and its divergent validity was determined by the HTMT matrix method and the average variance extracted (AVE) measure. After distributing the questionnaires, 345 items (return rate = 90%) were returned and then the data analysis was performed using SPSS25 and Smart-PLS3 software.

The results showed that the level of research variables is higher than the theoretical average (3), which is relatively desirable (mean of the users’ perception of social responsibility = 4.02, mean of use services and resources = 3.4, and mean of the perceived organizational image = 3.89). Furthermore, the impact of users’ perception of social responsibility on the usage of public library services and resources (T-Value = 2.945) and perceived organizational image (T-Value = 25.407) is significant at a lower level than 0.05.

Originality/value:

 The findings of the study showed that the more users understand the social responsibility of public libraries, the more they use the services and information resources of libraries. In addition, the adherence of libraries to social responsibility also led to the formation of a constructive and positive image. For this reason, the studied variables can be taken into account by policy makers and managers in developing organizational strategies.

 The world population is growing older. According to the previous anticipations, it seems that Iranchr('39')s elderly population continues to increase dramatically in the future. While 8% of the total Iranian population was the aged people in 2015, it is expected to increase by nearly 33% of Iranchr('39')s population by 2050. Therefore, the existence of the centers to fulfill the needs of the elderly is a matter of great importance. Among all these centers, public libraries play a vital role in providing services to the elderly. Identifying the various needs of the elderly can lead to success in both designing and planning services offered by public libraries to them. This study thus aims at identifying the services expected by the elderly from public libraries in Iran. 

The present study, by using the qualitative and quantitative content analysis in order to identify themes and count the frequency of the analysis units, identified the needs, services of Iranian public libraries for the elderly through conducting semi-structured interviews. The sample of study included 14 librarians working in public libraries and 11 elderly people and caregivers that were selected purposefully. Data were analyzed using the MAXQDA12.3 based on the analysis units (sentence).

 The analysis of the interviews revealed six categories. According to the frequency of intervieweeschr('39') opinions, the following categories were extracted: library resources, services, and plans, accessibility, needs determination, contribution to policy-making and planning, staffing, and marketing and advertising. The higher frequency of each category was found in: implementing plans on-site at library, the issues concerning librarychr('39')s building and space, identifying various needs, training the librarians, traditional ways of marketing and advertising, and involving the volunteer elderly people in the library programs. 42 percent of all identified codes referred to the categories of the required sources, services and plans for the elderly. Identifying elderlychr('39')s required services, considering their complex needs and providing them through public libraries can help the elderly to maintain their independence and to have an active role in contributing to the society. Moreover, interaction and cooperation between public libraries and other organizations supporting the elderly, training librarians in the skills of communication with the elderly, appropriate policy making in acquisition, budgeting, and providing the necessary equipment and facilities can improve the programs and services old people need.

library resources, services, and plans and accessibility of the library were the two significant priorities expected by the elderly from the public libraries. For this reason, considering that the old age population is likely to grow in the future, it is necessary to provide appropriate policies and budgeting plans to offer more desirable services. Better use of library services by the elderly requires considering the peculiarities of old age. Providing these facilities leads to attracting a few more people to the libraries.

Academic library services are important to all students. However, research shows that international students face some barriers in utilizing library resources and facilities. This study seeks the viewpoints of international students and librarians at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in this regard

The Cochran formula using simple random sampling method was employed to determine. Each the two groups of 36 library staff and 295 students filled one of the two researcher developed questionnaires,. Validity was assessed by experts and its reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha.

The international students' satisfaction with the services was high, except with regard to the audio- visual materials (CDs, etc.). Librarians also viewed the services in line with the needs of international students. There is also a significant difference between the librarians and international students' perception of the differences between international and native students.

The Libraries of Ferdowsi University should provide different services to their international students, and librarians should pay attention to the differences between international students and native students.

In today's competitive information age, libraries- whether traditional or digital- must seek to provide novel services to keep their users satisfied, more than any time ever. Internet of Things is one of the phenomena that can be helpful to digital libraries in provision of novel library services. The key objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive model for utilizing Internet of Things to provide services in digital libraries. In order to achieve this objective, at first, the articles in relation to this topic are explored and the criteria and indicators of the above model are extracted from them. These criteria and indicators have been gained by observing real-world digital libraries. A Delphi panel consisting of 14 experts validated our proposed model in three rounds. Finally, a model containing six comprehensive metrics (hardware features, software facilities, network and telecommunication infrastructure, required standards, security issues, and human resource features) and 83 indicators for the use of Internet of Thing in digital library services were presented. This model can be a roadmap for libraries that are trying to use the Internet of Things to provide new services. The results of this research are useful and effective in promoting the quality of digital libraries and facilitating interaction between users and these types of libraries.

The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of library services and various media to attract teenagers into the public libraries in Isfahan cities. The research method was descriptive – survey. Population comprises involved all member public library Esfahan city's which age between 12-16 that was equal to 920 Person .This study was used based on stratified random sampling method. The questionnaires were used to collect data. finding indicate that Based on advice teens in regard to the various library services on attracting teenagers into the public library the "answering the research questions students" was in the first place &"television" was most effective media to attract teenagers to the library . Based on the findings of the study it is concluded that the library to advertise for attract user to public libraries should use from among the various media for TV more and targeted also in among the various library services must be created facilities for answering the research student questions.

Digital libraries aim at disseminating high-speed, cost-effective digital information services and services for the use of a community or set of communities to select, organize, and facilitate access to information resources, and the process of interpreting, distributing, protecting the integrity of digital information, And consider making sure that there is a set of digital works over a long period of time. The components of digital libraries of digital information storage include the direct use of communication networks to access and obtain information. This study seeks to explore the conceptual framework of digital library service delivery infrastructure including hardware, software, networking and telecommunication needs, standards, security and privacy issues, and human resource features and features in the Internet of Things using systematic review. This framework can help the information society research, develop, implement, improve digital library service delivery platforms on the IoT. For the first step of research after searching valid databases between 2010 and 2018, 1149 records were identified. A total of 568 records were selected for further analysis after entering data in Endnotes and deleting duplicates. After a preliminary review and preliminary study of the abstracts, 128 database records were selected from database articles and congressional articles on digital library development in the Internet environment and finally after qualitative evaluation using a tool. Valid, 48 data records were selected for full-text study. In the fourth step, read-based and full-text encoding analysis of the articles was performed in the selected records and six main components with 114 items were selected.

 To compare the application of econometric methods in the economic valuation of central library services.

 Conditional valuation with the stated priority technique and econometric methods such as linear regression, logistics, probit, and Hackman have been used. The statistical population of central library users, which was selected using the sampling method, cluster, two-stage, 10 libraries, and the sample size was calculated using the Michelle-Carson formula at the level of 85% of 854 people. The data collection tool was a two-dimensional researcher-made questionnaire with 40 questions that had face validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.83.

 In examining the effectiveness of each variable, the amount of change in the predicted probabilities of the dependent variable of the model (willingness to pay users) per unit of change in the variable (while the other variables are constant) showed that between the explanatory variables There is no correlation used in the models so that the two-to-two correlation coefficient of any of the independent variables was not more than 54%.

 Demographic and individual factors are more effective than other factors on people's willingness to pay. Based on the weighted elasticity of the income variable, if other factors are constant, a 1% increase in respondents' income increases the probability of accepting the proposed amount by more than 70%. No significant difference was observed in the results of logit and linear probit methods. Hackmann's two-step method, although it can differentiate between the factors affecting the acceptance of willingness to pay and the factors affecting the amount, in general, the willingness to pay was less than the other two methods.

In recent decades, Augmented Reality has attracted more attention and by adding a layer of virtual information, it has provided a new experience for libraries to increase their response to the needs of a large and diverse population of users. The present study seeks to identify the impact of Augmented Reality on library services in order to develop an understanding about what and how actions are currently being taken by technology.

Due to the inadequate and scattered information on the Augmented Reality flooding into the libraries, this study aimed to investigate the aspects of library services influenced by Augmented Reality. To this end, a qualitative content analysis was used to employ the data gathered from the three scientific databases of Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus.

The findings suggest that Augmented Reality is well capable of supporting librarians in managing library resources. Moreover, it could aid users in (1) searching for library resources, (2) learning about library services and information literacy, (3) receiving location-based services, (4) creating interactive and research networks, and (5) visiting historic and scarce recourses.

The results of present study showed that the focus of most researchers and developers of Augmented Reality applications was on facilitation services for library users than librarians. In addition, the empowerment of children and adolescents as independent library users has been special attention. Researchers at the department of information and knowledge science, librarians, child and adolescent librarians, and computer science experts can use the practical suggestions of this research. Therefore, it is imperative that researchers interact with librarians and library users, or even bring librarians as researchers, to inform the issues of these sites and to move towards the realization of fourth-generation libraries through technologies such as Augmented Reality.