جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « برنامه ‏ریزی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The main purpose is to provide effective policies on land use changes in increasing the urban environment quality from the citizens’ perspective in the studied area, the lands of 64th Urmia Division. The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. the innovative aspects of the current research in the field of research methodology can be mentioned the use of Michael Walker's satisfaction-importance matrix model. Data collection has been done in two ways of the field and document. Research data has been collected through interviews and questionnaires completion. The criteria of this research include physical-spatial (mental), physical-spatial (objective), socio-cultural, economic and environmental sub-criteria. The statistical population of the research is the residents and users of the immediate lands area of 64th Urmia Division, which is estimated to be 361 people using Cochran's formula. Questionnaires were randomly distributed. The reliability of the research has been confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test and the value is 0.76. Michael Walker's satisfaction-importance matrix model analysis method was used in order to analyze the views of residents. The results of the surveys show that the level of satisfaction-importance for all indicators is more than 0.2, so increasing the emphasis on all indicators is prioritized. The indicators of quality of access, quality of buildings, access to green space are the most important, and the indicators of identity and readability, active economy of the area have gained the most satisfaction. According to the obtained results, the importance of the sub-criteria is at a good level and the level of satisfaction is at an average level.

Urban green spaces can be considered a fundamental and vital pillar for sustainable development. Developing green spaces to improve the quality of urban life, enhance facilities and services, and optimize urban green space policies requires interdisciplinary approaches, encompassing economic, political, social, cultural, managerial, and planning aspects. This paper aims to identify the resources, capabilities, and potential of Fasa city using a resource-based approach through strategic planning of green space use employing the Meta-SWOT technique. The research method is descriptiveanalytical and applied in terms of its purpose. Data collection was conducted through documentary and field methods. The statistical population of the study consists of 15 experts and specialists. The Meta-SWOT model was utilized for data analysis. The results obtained from the competitive map indicate that Shiraz city is in a considerably superior position compared to other cities concerning economic-cultural and social-physical factors. Cities such as Jahrom, Darab, and Estahban also enjoy a more favorable situation than Fasa city. The only city that Fasa surpasses is Hajji Abad city. Furthermore, based on the strategic map of green space use in Fasa city, it was determined that climate change and drought, geological structures and unsuitable soil, and land use change constitute the major environmental barriers to strategic planning of green space use in Fasa city.

The increasing demand for limited resources, especially water resources, is one of the most fundamental problems of the agricultural sector. The excessive extraction of water resources, especially underground water resources, has caused the level of underground water resources to decrease. In this regard, planning for the optimal use of these limited resources, taking into account the conflicting goals of increasing profit, increasing performance, and environmental goals, including reducing the consumption of water, fertilizers, and chemical poisons seems necessary. It should be noted that decision-making in such conditions is associated with many complications. The present study aims at optimizing the production of agricultural products by simultaneously considering the goals of profit maximization, yield increase, and minimization of water, fertilizer, and chemical pesticide consumption by using the fuzzy goal programming in the Sanheh Plain for 7 products including wheat, sugar beet, alfalfa, coriander, sunflower, grain corn, and rice. Exploitation of deep and semi-deep wells of this plain was selected as the statistical population of the study. The results show that in the optimal model in the final scenario, in addition to the fact that the cultivated area is in a good condition and less than the existing condition, the economic benefit environmental goals and increased yield have also been provided. As a result, it is suggested that to obtain better results in the studied society, the current situation should be gradually improved and the model should be updated to ensure the expected results according to the existing conditions.

The issue of poverty is not only one of the most important issues in the world but also one of the most important internal issues and problems of all societies, both rich and poor. In such a situation, the direction of the physical development of the city (its shape) is somehow affected by the phenomenon of urban poverty. Meanwhile, having a comprehensive study on the effects of poverty on urban morphology seems necessary. For this purpose, the current study was compiled to investigate and measure the impact of poverty on urban morphology in the Ahvaz metropolis. This research is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. In the current research, considering the nature of the hypotheses and the type of variables, the methods available in descriptive statistics such as absolute frequency distribution tables and mean, were used to examine and compare the information collected through the questionnaire, and in the inferential statistics section, the structural equation method (SEM) was used. Finally, SPSS and EQS software were used to analyze and apply these tests. The findings of this study show that the most influential and meaningful research indicators are related to the dimensions of legal problems with a mean of (3.74), geographical isolation and the number of involved decision-making institutions with a mean of (3.62). Each of them has had the greatest impact on the variable under study. In the next stage, economic activities with (3.04) and employment with (3.07), have had the least impact on the studied variable. The results of the structural equations indicate that there is a significant relationship between the components of urban poverty and the components of the physical-spatial structure of urban morphology; Therefore, carrying out the necessary measures, requires serious attention and a quick and logical plan of managers and urban and regional planners.

The growth and development of the tourism industry as a profitable industry can be effective in the economic, social and cultural growth and development of any region. Kermanshah province receives thousands of domestic and foreign tourists every year due to its many natural and historical attractions. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the level of demand for human resources required by businesses related to the tourism industry in the historical and cultural area of Bisotun by providing a dynamic model and creating a reference for future predictions.

Design/methodology/approach: 

For this purpose, after reviewing the research background and identifying the research variables, the most important of these specific factors and using the system dynamics approach, drawing a pattern of these factors and the relationships between them and using Vansim software in a period of 20 years (2011-2031) has been simulated. The data required for the study were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts, managers and faculty members in the field of tourism and human resources management who were selected purposefully. To validate the model and ensure the correctness of the simulated behavior, the comparison tests of the actual values and the predicted values of the variables, the future behavior prediction test and the sensitivity analysis test were used.

According to the research results, it is expected that the level of demand for tourism-related businesses will increase in the studied area. In addition, in the basic model based on the simulation, it was observed that the demand level of human resources, income, employment rate and the number of foreign tourists will increase over time.

Originality/value: 

The present research has presented a model for predicting the demand level of human resources required by businesses in the tourism industry in Bisotun area using the system dynamics approach.

Different biological places consider different strategies to reach the goal according to their nature and function; The ultimate goal of all these strategies is to achieve sustainable development. Achieving development in different eras has always been considered by governments, governments and people who have played a role in the form of citizens and urban dwellers; have been. For this purpose, the Regional Development Strategy (RDS) is one of the models that has been popular in some countries of the world, such as the member states of the European Union and other emerging economic regions of the world since the 1990s. Recognizing this policy and planning model can be considered a small step but a new path for the discussion of experience and action in regional planning. In fact, with the intensification of economic globalization and competition between governments and government-regions, according to Kinchi Omai, regional issues have become more complicated, and the sustainability of regional development has become more important. Therefore, not only in the new world order, geographical territories have been associated with regionalism; Moreover, neo-regionalism has taken a dominant form in the planning system. The reason for the attention and emphasis on the Regional Development Strategy (RDS) is that the continuity and non-separation in this strategy makes the regions to be seen as puzzle pieces that should be put together in the best way and to cover the weaknesses of each other. Regions are placed on a wide level, which can be considered stable only in the absence of centralization. In other words, one of the most important results and fruits of the application of the Regional Development Strategy (RDS) is to disrupt the existing centralism and replace it with decentralization and, consequently, to deal with economic, social, political, cultural, security, etc. challenges. Because today decentralization is considered as a strategy for sustainable development and unlike the state of concentration where power and decision-making is concentrated in the center or at the level of high-level officials, decentralization allows lower levels to deal with issues and problems that are specific to them and directly deal with them. pay attention.

Considering the purpose of the research, which is an analysis of the capacity and formulation of Makran's regional sustainable development program with a futurist approach, the present research was conducted using the descriptive-analytical research method and based on the methods of futurist science with a combination of documentary and survey methods. The current research has four main parts. The part of compiling the theoretical foundations, which was selected as the first step of the qualitative research, in the second part, the factors and trends affecting the development of Makran region were investigated with the survey method. In the third part, based on the identified factors and trends and the opinions of experts based on the method of cross-effects analysis, the analysis of stakeholders and actors, as well as the extraction and analysis of the key factors of the region's development, and based on the critical uncertainty method, scenarios have been formulated. In the fourth step, the application of content concepts and strategic foresight methods in developing the proposed regional development planning process has been discussed. The statistical population in this research was 50 experts, experts in the field of urban planning and land use. A researcher-made questionnaire tool was used to collect the required data, and experts' opinions were used for standardization. In the results analysis stage, calculations were done by MICMAC software. findings Based on the obtained results, the variable of economic growth has the most direct and indirect influence and the variable of access to green space has the least influence and direct and indirect influence. The most important output of the MICMAC software is in the form of a diagram of influence and effectiveness of variables.

What can be understood from the dispersion of variables affecting the development of Makran is the unstable state of the system, because most of the variables are scattered around the diagonal axis of the plane, and except for a few limited factors influencing the system, the rest of the variables have a relatively similar situation to each other. Now, according to the unstable distribution of variables affecting the development of Makran, 4 categories of variables (bimodal variables, influential variables, regulatory variables, independent variables and dependent variables) can be identified, which are shown in Table 6. According to the obtained results, among 36 variables affecting the development of Makran, 11 variables were identified as strategic and key variables affecting the development of Makran. Finally, the matrices obtained from the output of the software can be displayed with its corresponding diagram, in which the direction of influence of each driver on the other is displayed by arrows and the amount of influence is displayed numerically above the arrow.

Makran is the land of unfulfilled potentials and golden opportunities. The potential capacities due to the strategic location of this region among Iran's neighboring countries on one level, in the Middle East on the second level, in Asia on the third level and the whole world on the fourth level, provide golden opportunities for the people of this region in the first stage, for Iran in The second stage has created a win-win game for the international field in the final stage. The aim of the research is to analyze and identify the key factors affecting the sustainable development of Makran region. After document studies in Makran region, in the next stage, the development of Makran region was examined and evaluated using 36 variables in the form of 8 regions. The results obtained from the present research show the status of regional development variables in a state of normality.

The new cities that have emerged with the aim of increasing the facilities and improving the quality of life and attracting the overflow population of the provinces, have not been able to provide the population they need and the people have not welcomed it because they have been unable to meet the needs of the residents. Therefore, it has become a place of dormitories and its urban spaces are empty of people during the day. Interactions, social trust in new cities are at low levels and its urban spaces are boring and monotonous. In general, it can be said that these spaces have not been able to meet the psychological and physical needs of the citizens. The purpose of this research is to explain the criteria of happy city in urban planning in Salmanshahr city in Mazandaran province. With the proper design of urban spaces, in addition to improving the quality of urban life, we can improve positive emotions in the environment and reduce negative emotions, thereby improving the interaction between the person and the place. For this purpose, in this research, the effectiveness of urban design dimensions (functional, visual, shape, etc.) in improving the positive emotions and satisfaction of citizens is investigated, and solutions are presented to improve people's happiness in Salmanshahr city.

The current research is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies and field investigations in the form of a questionnaire. According to the subject of the research, the statistical population of this research includes all citizens who live in Salmanshahr city, which according to the census of 2015, the population of Salmanshahr city was 9656 people. Survey method and questionnaire technique are used to collect information related to the case sample. Due to the large size of the statistical population, the Cochran sampling method is used to collect the data. The appropriate size for the statistical sample was estimated to be around 384 people according to the Cochran formula. Finally, for more certainty, 400 questionnaires will be completed and included in the analysis. The sample members will be selected randomly according to the size of the investigated sub-communities (Salmanshahr city) and after collecting the desired questionnaire, the data will be analyzed using LIZREL statistical software and Sperm's correlation coefficient test and Kruskal-Wallis test were analyzed.

According to the review of the theoretical history of the research as well as the study of the theoretical foundations, the most important environmental variables that can affect the happiness of citizens were identified. These variables are: visual beautification of the city, access and transportation, housing, life and vitality, sense of security, social interactions, territorialism and sense of belonging, green space and nature, environmental health, tourism spaces, play and sports spaces, income and employment. which are divided into five general dimensions, visual, physical, socio-cultural, environmental, urban and economic services and facilities. Before dealing with the relationship between happiness and these variables, we will first analyze the status of these variables in the entire statistical sample and the studied areas to determine which region is in favorable condition and which one is in unfavorable condition. The data shows the average points obtained from the questionnaire for each index in the statistical sample, which shows that the variables of accessibility and transportation, visual beautification of the city, access to play and sports spaces, and income in the entire statistical sample are not in a favorable situation, and the rest of the variables are average. Their score is higher than the theoretical average of the data and they are in a relatively favorable situation. According to the results, among the urban areas, in areas five and one, all dimensions are at an average level and close to the theoretical mean (3). In area four, all dimensions except the visual-physical dimension are at an average level. In area three, Socio-cultural and economic dimensions are at a suitable level and in region two, only the score of the socio-cultural dimension is higher than the theoretical average. In the entire statistical sample, the visual and physical dimension and the dimension of urban services and facilities are not in a favorable situation with a score lower than the theoretical average.

According to the results of the Sperman correlation coefficient test, all research variables are related to the dependent variable of the research with a significance level of less than 0.05, and according to the value of the correlation coefficients, this relationship is positive. Among the research variables, employment, income, visual beautification of the city, access to green spaces, access to play spaces and tourism have the most relationship as dependent variables. And likewise, according to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis’s test, the investigated indicators have significant differences among the five areas of Salmanshahr city (p < 0.05). According to the results of this section, in terms of the selected indicators of Shad Shahr, the level of research indicators in different areas is not the same, which is similar to the results of the research of Akbari and Eltiam Nia (2021), Atashbar and Ilanlu (2021), Okulicz-Kozaryn (2017) is consistent.

In fact, the growth of urban consciousness is a wise strategy to drive urban development and control dispersion and drive urban growth toward sustainability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of Bushehr city area in terms of growth indices. In this regard, this research is a goal-oriented, applied-developmental one, and a combination of documentary, analytical, causal and survey methods. Reliability of the research instrument based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the research was 0.749 which is higher than 0.7 and is appropriate. The statistical population of the study is Bushehr inhabitants which according to Cochran formula is estimated 384 samples. According to the statistical population, the questionnaire was distributed randomly among the citizens. In order to compare between two regions, T-test with two independent samples was used for evaluation of urban smart growth in District 1 and 2 of Bushehr. In this test, the first option to be considered is the significance level while the significance level or sig between the two regions is less than 0.05 indicates a significant difference between the two regions and vice versa. Significance level analysis (0.000) shows that there is a significant difference between the two regions in terms of urban smart growth. Meanwhile, the mean of Region 1 with 3.21 was higher than that of Region 2 with 2.86. Although there is a significant difference in Bushehr region in terms of smart growth indices, this difference is not significant and in general Bushehr regions are not in a good position in terms of smart growth indices.

In today's complex societies, urban tourism, in order to achieve a stable balance between the needs of local communities, preserving the environment and improving the quality of life, requires the formation of a strong urban management system with a systemic approach and emphasizing sustainable urban development. If the tourism program is properly reviewed, planned and managed and the natural and cultural environment is considered, it can smooth the conditions for the development of the local economy and the improvement of the quality of life of the citizens. Tourism planning is necessary for sustainability and should protect the resources that tourism depends on. The main goal of the current research is to plan the sustainable development of tourism in metropolises with an income generation approach using descriptive-analytical methods. To achieve this goal, by identifying the strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats of different urban tourism areas, ranking and scoring were done based on the SWOT model. And finally, due to the importance of developing the basic strategies of urban tourism development in order to generate income for metropolises, it was identified and addressed. shows that tourism, as the most diverse and largest service activity, is the most important source of income and creating job opportunities for many countries in the world. Tourism is called as the engine of development, and due to its economic and social importance, it is receiving more attention day by day and governments give importance to it, and today it is one of the main and stable bases of the world economy. which can directly and indirectly affect other economic and cultural activities by creating the highest amount of added value.

In recent years, augmentation of ecosystem services has emerged as a critical concern. However, there is a dearth of information regarding ecosystem services within the realm of planning. This study sought to address this gap by assessing the influence of landscape structure on ecosystem functionality. To achieve this, we utilized InVEST software to model ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, soil maintenance, and flood prevention. Additionally, we employed MSPA and Fragstate software to derive 4 key ecological indicators: biomass quantity, fragmentation, core area, and ratio of environmental area to forest core area. Subsequently, we examined the relationship between these ecological indicators and the selected ecosystem services. Our findings indicated a robust and positive correlation between the presence of forested and verdant areas, as well as larger and more interconnected cores within these areas, and the provision of desired services. Notably, in forest patches, a decrease in ecosystem service provision was observed with increased fragmentation and instability, underscoring the importance of preserving and expanding the Hyrcanian forests while also prioritizing integrity and reducing isolated patches for enhancing ecological productivity in the northern provinces of the country.

Organizing and ordering the city and how it grows and transforms being fully aware of the various dimensions of its growth and development and controlling its future process requires detailed planning. In this regard, urban development plans have been prepared to better guide their process sustainably. They are considered the most fundamental means of shaping cities based on pre-planned order and plan. Conducting studies and preparing urban development plans are the beginning of improving the physical spatial condition of cities. The present study examines and analyzes urban development plans in Iran using the concepts of planning perspectives and explaining the inefficiency factors of these plans. This research falls under the category of fundamental-developmental research and descriptive-analytical methods. The research method includes library studies in which the basic concepts of planning theory related to development plans have been compiled and evaluated step by step by experts. Based on the obtained results, the criterion of participation and community orientation has an unfavourable situation compared to other criteria. In the staged evaluation of urban development plans, the stages of formulating goals and assessing the current situation have a better status than the stages of decision-making and implementation and evaluation after implementation. Based on this diagnosis, applying these criteria in all stages of preparation and implementation of projects is necessary. Preparing the current plans not only does not respond to many dimensions of the cities, but continuing them in this way and ignoring the basic concepts, has not solved any problems and may cause many problems due to not keeping up with the changes of time.

This study evaluated the livability of 11 tourist target villages in the Ardabil district (Ardebil, Nemin, Sarein and Nair counties) using a descriptive-analytical approach. A number of indicators and items related to livability have been determined based on the studies conducted (4 dimensions, 14 indicators, and 65 items). In the next step, the questionnaire was developed by the researcher and after confirming the validity and reliability; It was distributed according to the population of the entire region. The sample size was determined using the Cochran method (360 samples) and the number of samples for the studied villages was determined according to the population of each village. In the following, Shannon's entropy technique was used to weight the indicators, and based on Prescott Allen's point of view and Vicor's technique, the livability status of the studied villages was examined at 5 levels (completely favorable to completely unfavorable). The results show that none of the studied villages are in a completely unfavorable state of livability, and the village of Bileh-Dargh is in first place with a score of 0.84 and is in a state of complete desirability of livability. 53.7 percent of the studied villages have a favorable livability status. With a score of 0.57, the village of Ilanjuq is ranked 8th and has an average livability status. 27.2 percent of the villages, i.e. 3 villages of Golestan, Sardabe and Korabaslu, while being in an unfavorable condition of livability, have occupied the 9th to 11th ranks. This research showed that tourism development has played an important role in improving the livability of the studied villages.

Studies have been conducted focusing on citizens' participation in urban planning and their right to the city, which have been raised as a criticism of non-participatory and non-communicative urban planning. In this research, an attempt has been made to explain the process of changing the site of Takab Hospital, using the theory of the production of space and Lefebverian trialectics, to be able to identify the dimensions of this site change and its consequences. 

 With a descriptive-analytic method and applicative approach, with the help of the network analyst tool in ArcMap, the access status of citizens to the new hospital was evaluated in front of the old hospital by building a new area instrument at a standard distance, as one of the examples of their lived space.

The analysis showed that citizens' access to the new hospital within the standard access radius was about one-third of the access to the old hospital. 

 This case is inferred as an example of inattention to the urban lived space and a manifestation of the distance between the planner and the citizen, which shows the lack of correct understanding of the citizens as the audience of the programs. As a result, the city planners' action to change the hospital's site reveals its negative effect in the form of an increase in the access distance of the citizens to the hospital. 

Innovation: 

The innovative aspect of this article is integrating Henri Lefebvre's Production Of Space theory with communicative turn in urban planning; it is avoided only addressing and analyzing the spatial dimensions of the hospital site change. However, social and linguistic aspects also intervene in this spatial analysis.

Therefore, in order to prevent issues such as environmental crisis, erosion, soil degradation, uneven urban growth, etc., it seems necessary to formulate Land use planning in order to achieve the goals of comprehensive national and urban development strategies. Goal of the research: the purpose of this study is how to achieve sustainable urban development with emphasis on Land use planning in the cities of Sistan region.

The research method is descriptive and analytical and based on library, documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the study is 403 experts in the field of land management in Sistan region. Using the Cochran's formula, 200 people were selected as the sample size. Also, SPSS software and Fuzzy Mamdani model were used to analyze the data. Geographical area of research: According to the latest divisions of the country, Sistan region has 5 cities (Zabol, Zahak, Helmand, Nimroz and Hamoon), with the center of cities (Zabol, Zahak, Dost Mohammad, Mohammadabad and Adimi).

The results of Spearman correlation test indicate the fit between the items of sustainable development and the principles of Land use planning. Also, the results of one-sample t-test in order to determine the importance of each of the economic, social, environmental, managerial and executive, institutional dimensions, with the mean value obtained above the average of the number (3) in all items, show the great importance of each It is one of the items of sustainable development with emphasis on Land use planning in the cities of Sistan region. The results of ranking the dimensions of sustainable development with emphasis on Land use planning in the cities of Sistan using the Mamdani fuzzy model showed, In economic, managerial and executive dimensions, for all cities (Zabol, Zahak, Mohammadabad, Adimi, Dost Mohammad), the intermediate to unfavorable, In the social and institutional dimension, all cities of Sistan region except Zabol city with the amount of weights obtained (0.60), (0.61), have an intermediate level of undesirable. In the environmental and ecological dimension, for all cities of Sistan region except Dost Mohammad city with a weight of(0.53),shows an intermediate to favorable level.

The final results showed that the indicators and dimensions of sustainable development of Sistan cities have not been affected by principles of Land use planning. Therefore, it requires the relevant organizations in the field of management and planning to include the principles of Land use planning in regional development plans.

the objective of this study is to identify, identify, and prioritize the most important factors and components for planning and developing Islamic destinations by examining and reviewing research conducted in this area using a qualitative meta-analysis approach. A secondary objective of this study is also to provide a conceptual model for the process of Islamic destination planning and development.

Design/methodology/approach:

 This study is a documentary research, and by its methodological approach, it belongs to the category of qualitative research. The statistical population included all available articles published in Persian and English journals until the end of 2022 and 1401 AH and relevant scientific databases were used for sampling.

The most important factors that affect the planning and development of Islamic destinations and their prioritization include the four factors of services, access, environment and communication and 16 components related to these factors.

it is possible to generalize the proposed process for planning and development of Islamic destinations, including the formation of an inclusive planning task force, the collection of evidence and recognition of the existing situation, the determination of the direction of movement for the destination, the identification of the necessary actions and their implementation, and finally the measurement of the progress of the work and further achievement of the planning goal.

Originality/value: 

Compared to previous studies, applying a meta-analytical approach while forming new ideas for optimal planning can help managers, researchers, etc. to have a proper vision of this growing market as a practical guide.

The increase in the urbanization population, industrialization, and the change in people's behavioral characteristics have expanded the use of recreation and entertainment ways.

Determining and evaluating the ecological capabilities of tourism in Kurdistan Province. Makhdoom model was used to evaluate the ecological power of Kurdistan Province.

The current research is a descriptive-survey study. Data collection includes the preparation of topographic map, geological map, meteorological data prepared from the meteorological department of Kurdistan, soil and vegetation information obtained from the environmental protection organization of Kurdistan. Also, population data was obtained through the National Statistics Center. Ecological capabilities were evaluated via Geographical Information System (GIS).

Geographical Context: 

The geographical territory of the current research was Kurdistan Province.

The findings showed that Kurdistan Province is highly capable for the establishment of concentrated tourism in an area of 14819.06.55 square kilometers, which is 51.570% of the total area; this is categorized the first class. On the other hand, there is a limitation in factors for the ability of extensive recreation, so the capability for this type of recreation in the study area is low. Therefore, totally 23,277.928 square kilometers is in this unsuitable class.

Based on the results, Kurdistan Province has a high potential for the establishment of concentrated tourism use in the first class with an area of 14819.06.55 square kilometers, which occupies 51.570% of the area under study. Although the study used Makhdoom model, other factors such as road access, water resources, and land use were utilized for the evaluation of the recreational potential of the study area.

The Garden city movement emerged when human abuse of nature and the natural environment was increasingly included in the political of Western reformers who were eager for civilization and progress. Garden city could reduce these harmful effects of industrial capitalism and provide essential necessities for a healthy life, especially for urban workers. Howard believed that Garden city could improve the social, cultural and physical health of the urban working class by providing pre-designed spaces for living and closer relationships with nature. Howard was looking for planning solutions to the complex urban problems that result from the predicted and unstoppable growth of cities. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to take inspiration from Howard's garden theory to deal with contemporary urban issues. In terms of its nature, this research is of the type of mixed qualitative-quantitative and survey research with an exploratory approach, and in terms of its purpose, it is of an applied type. The statistical population was the experts of Urban planning and Agricultural in Zanjan city and urban planning professors of Tabriz University, who were selected based on the snowball method. The findings were indicative of the consequences of modern architecture in not paying attention to open spaces and removing the courtyard, which had been replaced by the balcony since the 1980s. These consequences have shown their results in changing the use of agricultural land in the form of Garden home(Garden city). The result of the research seeks to explain the challenges of not paying attention to the Garden city system in the urban planning system of Iran by using the insight of the formation of the Garden city movement. Paying attention to the standards of open and semi-open spaces and urban green spaces is one of the suggestions of this research.

Paying attention to citizens' rights is essential in planning sustainable neighborhoods. So, sustainable planning in the neighborhood centered on citizens' rights can bring their satisfaction and a sustainable city by supporting and meeting the needs of the citizens.  From the point of view of citizenship, the stable neighborhood has various citizenship rights in different functional, spatial and physical, social and cultural dimensions. An issue that has been neglected in the residential contexts of Iran, and the rights of citizens of neighborhoods have been ignored. This research aims to identify the dimensions and criteria of citizenship rights in the neighborhood from the perspective of urban planning, which was carried out with the text content analysis research method with an interdisciplinary strategy.

The current research is based on descriptive-analytical methods in which data is collected through documentaries, library reviews, and field observations. First, the research components have been clarified according to the topic, and then the indicators of each component have been compiled in a diagram format. Case samples, including Maqsodieh and Manzarieh neighborhoods, have been introduced and the research framework in the samples has been tested and evaluated through the distribution of questionnaires. Based on this, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through an interview with ten urban planning experts, and the adequacy of the number, or the distribution to the extent of the result, or the number of 384 questionnaires was obtained through Cochran's formula and distributed among 500 families of residents in each neighborhood. In order to make a comparative comparison of these two case samples, the questioning process is such that 384 questionnaires have been distributed in each neighborhood (Maqsodieh and Manzarieh). Moreover, in this questionnaire, 14 indicators have been asked. The respondents who are families and residents in the mentioned neighborhoods should rate these indicators between 1 and 5. In the end, a question has been asked about the quality of life in the neighborhood, the evaluation score of which is 100.

The results obtained from the questionnaire have been prepared in the form of a diagram, and the percentage of each index has been shown separately in each neighborhood. Manzarieh neighborhood in terms of indicators of livability and climatic comfort, health and cleanliness of the environment, health and sports of the family, stability and natural vitality, comfort and peace of the family, compatibility - stability and responsiveness, safety and security, fun and entertainment of the family, satisfaction, the sense of place and the quality of life of the neighborhood is ranked higher than that of Maqsoodiyeh. Maqsoodiyeh neighborhood is also ranked higher than the neighborhood in terms of walkability, economic prosperity, quality of life, family participation and neighborhood, attendance, and children's education. Due to its proximity to the Tabriz Bazaar as the city's economic heart, Maqsoodiye neighborhood has a relatively favorable economic prosperity and quality of life compared to Manzarieh. Manzarieh neighborhood has good permeability because it is one of the newly built neighborhoods of Tabriz city, and there are more green spaces and sports per capita in this neighborhood than Maqsoodiyeh neighborhood. According to the theoretical and field studies of the current research, the rights of citizens in the sustainable planning of a neighborhood are in different dimensions and have various indicators. According to the Iranian-Islamic culture, each neighborhood can create patterns and have various manifestations. In this regard, we can mention the Iranian garden, and it can also be said that the climate of each neighborhood plays a special role concerning the different patterns presented in each neighborhood. Therefore, cultural, religious, climatic, and other factors should be considered in the designs.

In this research, neighborhood planning components based on citizenship rights include environmental and health, functional, social, economic, and cultural. Related indicators also include livability and climatic comfort, health and cleanliness of the environment, sustainability and natural vitality, family health and sports, walkability, family comfort and tranquility, adaptability, efficiency and responsiveness, safety and security, family fun and entertainment, economic prosperity, and quality of life, sense of place and satisfaction, presence and education of children, social participation and neighborhood of families, and neighborhood quality of life. The case study includes two neighborhoods of Maqsoodiyeh and Manzariyeh, in Tabriz, which Maqsoodiyeh neighborhood is located in the District 8 of Tabriz, and Manzariyeh in the District 3 of Tabriz. The final result of the field survey on the quality of neighborhood life shows that Manzarieh neighborhood has a significant superiority in terms of sustainable neighborhood planning indicators, with a score of 73.6% over Maqsodieh, with a score of 38.5%.

In this article, while reviewing the latest concepts and findings in the field of marketing strategy, a model for developing a marketing strategy is introduced. Most views on marketing are short-sighted and reduce it to a tactical tool, while marketing goes far beyond tactics. In addition to engaging in tactical activities such as sales and promotion, marketing also includes strategic analysis and planning, which provides the infrastructure for the success of tactical elements. The marketing strategy formulation model in this research is based on Alexander Cherno model and has five key aspects which are: identifying and selecting target customers, determining the expected value of target customers, determining the expected value of the company, determining the expected value of the partner, identifying and Determining a sustainable competitive advantage. This research is in the scope of applied research in terms of purpose and library study methods as well as field methods such as questionnaires have been used, and in terms of nature and method, it is a descriptive survey research. Based on this, a case study was conducted to formulate the marketing strategies of Homa Hotels Group in the first half of 1400.