جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خدمات شهری » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Urbanization, which began in simple, centralized societies that were primarily reflections of different social forces, has led to significant environmental changes in cities, especially with the increase in urban population, which has led to the collapse of the urban services distribution system and the unequal distribution of citizens using urban services. The current study aims to evaluate the distribution of urban services in Yasouj city from the perspective of spatial justice and to identify the root causes of imbalances and inequalities to offer a suitable solution. This is because the issue of spatial justice is crucial to the distribution of urban services. This article used a descriptive-Causal research method. The distribution pattern of urban services was determined using the Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) and network analysis index, and the contributing elements in the imbalance of urban services were determined using the Delphi technique. The relationship between the variables, their level of influence, the prioritization of each variable, and eventually the relevant measures to lessen the imbalance of urban services was determined after the elements in the MICMAC program were found. The results collected demonstrate the cluster distribution of urban services as well as the centralized, unprincipled, and ineffective distribution of these services at the level of Yasouj city's regions and districts. The analysis's findings also indicated that the unequal distribution of urban services in Yasouj city is mostly caused by permissive rules and regulations, high economic rents, and intense owner pressure. Finally, under the findings, suggestions for establishing spatial justice in the city of Yasouj and a fair allocation of services were made.

without knowledge and understanding of demographic changes and structures, one cannot make decisions and choose appropriate policies, strategies and solutions in the field of spatial justice and urban planning. The purpose of this research is to investigate the distribution of service uses in Tabriz metropolis with regard to population distribution and structure.

First, using the nearest neighbor method, the situation of the type of distribution of services and facilities has been examined, and then 12 layers of information about the uses of Tabriz city have been examined using the fuzzy gamma method, and finally, the results of the fuzzy gamma have been compared with the population distribution of Tabriz city.

The results showed that among the 10 regions of Tabriz, region 10 is the least privileged and region 1 is the most privileged. In the end, population distribution has been compared with the amount of wealth, and it was found that the population of 0 to 14 years has the highest percentage of wealth (35.44 percent), and on the other hand, the population over 65 years has the lowest wealth with 21.10 percent.

The elderly population over 65 years of age in Tabriz live in areas that have fewer facilities and urban services available to them than other population groups; Therefore, it can be concluded that the elderly population is more marginalized in order to access urban services and facilities, and it is the younger population that has better access to services and facilities.

Consumer satisfaction in tourism is strongly influenced by the provision of services, the appearance of the product and the personality and reputation of the tourist destination. In this regard, the present article was compiled with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the requirements of tourists' satisfaction with urban facilities and services and in a descriptive-analytical method. Data collection was done in a library and field method through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research included the tourists of Shahrood city that due to the unlimited statistical population of the research, 114 people were selected as a statistical sample and the questionnaires were randomly distributed among them. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to be 0.81 for positive questions and 0.72 for negative questions. Kano model was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that among the basic requirements, the factor of safety of tourism environments make greatest dissatisfaction and the factor of parks and natural spaces make least dissatisfaction if they don’t supply. Also among the functional requirements, the factor of cleanliness of urban areas and tourism make greatest dissatisfaction and the factor of Lighting engineering of urban areas and tourism make least dissatisfaction if they don’t supply. In this regard, among the motivational requirements, the factor of cultural services and facilities make greatest satisfaction and and the factor of tourism companies and tour guides make least satisfaction if they supply.

Urban planning, since it is related to the allocation and distribution of scarce resources among different places in the city, its reliance on the criteria of spatial distribution of urban services, it is necessary.

Research purpose:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of urban service uses in urban centers of Mazandaran province.

The present research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. The data required for the research were collected using the library method and documents from the statistical yearbook of Mazandaran province in 2017. In this study, to measure the spatial distribution of urban services, the indicators of recreational-welfare services, transportation services, urban infrastructure, urban development, urban green space, educational services, health services and cultural services have been used. Vikor model has been used to rank the urban centers of Mazandaran cities based on the status of urban services development.Geographical area of research The study area is the city centers of Mazandaran province.

Findings show that only 7 cities of the province, which include urban areas of 4 cities of Babolsar, Fereydunkenar, Kelardasht and Ramsar, are in fully-owned, well-off and semi-well-served groups, and their citizens are in a position to enjoy urban services. They have an ideal. In other words, providing services to citizens in the cities of Babolsar, Bahnmir, Hadi Shahr, Fereydunkenar, Kelardasht, Ramsar and Katalam and Sadatshahr is largely acceptable.

Conclusion :

The results show that nearly 90% of the cities of Mazandaran province in terms of urban service indicators are unfavorable and below average and the lack of urban services considered in the study is felt in proportion to the population of these cities.

Scientific evaluation is one of the significant factors that influence the effectiveness of urban management. Jiroft, like many other cities in Iran, doesn't have a written history of planning based on scientific evaluations. This matter has led to deficiencies in the full recognition and understanding of the citizens' needs and their satisfaction by managers. In response to this need, with a systematic approach and field method using an electronic questionnaire, this research studied and explained the current pattern of urban management in Jiroft with the ultimate goal of providing an optimal model of urban governance within this city. The research findings showed that the urban management model in Jiroft is inefficient with low effectiveness. Analytical findings also showed that the evaluation of the urban management model is influenced by three factors such as problems related to services and facilities in the living area, safety and feeling of security in urban areas, and citizens' participation in urban management. Citizens' assessment of the urban management model has positively affected their desire to migrate from the neighborhood/city, with the opposite effect, on the sense of belonging and pride in the neighborhood and the desire to invest in the neighborhood/city. ‏According to the findings, the following measures should be taken to achieve the optimal model of urban governance in Jiroft through the plans, views, and approaches should be ongoing in charge of commitment to the principles such as "fair distribution and provision of services and facilities in urban areas," "cooperation with entrepreneurs," "financial clarification," "creative plan for urban development," "interaction and empathy of city managers," "responding to people's problems and needs.".

Given that the urban spatial structure has a coherent system and is made up of a variety of components and elements, it appears necessary to emphasize its aspects in terms of different service indicators.The instability of any one of these components can have an impact on the entire complex and urban structure.Given the significance of the issue of spatial justice inthe distribution of urban services,the present study aims to investigate how urban services are distributed inYasoujcity and to pinpoint imbalances and inequalities at the of the city.This article used a descriptive-analytical research method.The mean nearest neighbor index was employed to identify the distribution pattern of urban services,and network analysis in Arc GIS software was used to evaluate the status of the city in terms of access to public services.The results of the study indicate the location of service clusters in Yasouj city.In this manner, the service distribution is beneficial in the areas of the city that are in District1 of Region1 and District1 of Region2, but it is unfavorable in the areas of the city that are in the east and northeast as well as the southern neighborhoods.The research's overall findings indicate that Yasouj city's service distribution is in poor shape and that the outskirt areas are less prosperous than the city center neighborhoods.Therefore, it is advised reviewing the urban development plans, paying attention to the present needs and necessities, avoiding the place, spatial, and economic requirements in the location of services, and redistributing services and giving the disadvantaged neighborhoods priority

Since unequal access to urban services can result in an unbalanced development of the city and the racial segregation of its neighborhoods, the rapid growth of urbanization, particularly in recent decades, has elevated the significance of the optimal distribution of urban services and the equitable access of citizens to such services. This study aims to conduct a spatial analysis of the distribution of educational and healthcare services as well as the levels of satisfaction with these services in the four regions of Yasouj city and its suburbs to achieve spatial justice in the homogeneous access of citizens to urban services. The required data for the current study were collected from the library and the field methods and is a descriptive-analytical and applied research. After introducing the ideas using the library approach, the geographical distribution of educational and medical services was examined at the level of the four districts of Yasouj city using the network analysis technique in GIS software. The findings indicate an uneven geographical distribution of healthcare and educational services at the level of Yasouj city. According to the findings, communities in District 1 of Region 1 and District 1 and 2 of Region 2 have the maximum access to educational and healthcare services, while neighborhoods in District 3 of region 1 and District 2 of region 3 have the minimum degree of access.

Under the influence of social and economic factors, the cities of Kish and Dubai are witnessing the ever-increasing population growth and have become a suitable platform for the growth of urbanization and the increase of the urban population. Exploitation of natural and economic resources has caused the horizontal expansion of cities and is a threat to sustainable urban development. The approach of urban smartness seeks to provide smart urban services and provide strategies and policies in order to reduce the negative effects caused by the expansion of human activities in such cities. The present study examines and compares the status of smart urban services in Kish and Dubai with the approach of sustainable development. This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of the nature and method of research. The data required for the research has been collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). SPSS software and F-ARAS model were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two cities of Kish and Dubai regarding the status of the indicators; including: accessibility and internet participation with the value of Mann-Whitney (2/342), health and electronic health conditions with the value of Mann-Whitney (4/351), environmental protection with the value of Mann-Whitney (4/654), increasing the necessary facilities Regarding pollution with a Mann-Whitney value of 4.431, good governance with a Mann-Whitney value (3.675) and significance level (0.000). In other words, the status of these indicators in Dubai was more favorable than in Kish. The results of Spearman's correlation test showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the state of smart city services and sustainable economic, social, physical-environmental development of the cities of Kish and Dubai. Finally, the results of prioritizing smart urban services in the cities of Kish and Dubai using the F-ARAS model showed that in Kish, the index of competent governance with a weight of (0.564) and the same index with a weight of (0.465) in Dubai, are in priority.

by examining the level of inequality in the distribution of services and identifying the spatial pattern of injustice in the city, we can find out which of the services are in a more unfavorable situation than in this way, city management with conscious performance in spatial distribution of public services and social interests. , Reduce spatial inequalities and improve the quality of life and ensure sustainable urban development. The present research is applied and its research method is descriptive-analytical. The purpose of this analytical research is on the status of Ilam urban development indicators in order to achieve spatial justice, which uses the capabilities and facilities of geographic information system, including: map composition, Spatial statistics, etc. have been done. The results show that the spatial distribution of services in Ilam city is not desirable and the results of this study show that the concentration of urban facilities and services has occurred in the central part of the city and other areas are low in terms of urban resources and facilities. The research findings show that 20% of the city's population lives in relatively affected areas and 23.2% in areas with semi-sustainable development, and over 50% of residents live in deprived and completely deprived areas in terms of development in Ilam city. The results of the Vikor model are not considered to be sustainable development in any area. However, based on the results of the research, the focus of urban services in Ilam city follows the center-perimeter model, which means that everything from the central areas to We move around the area, reducing the distribution of services.

Conducting urban studies from social justice perspective has been recognized as one of the most important approaches in recent years. In this approach, various indicators such as the level of access to urban services is considered as the one of the most important indicators in studying social justice. Planning on urban services without considering social justice means that the equality of all society and fair allocation of urban services for everyone will not be accomplished. The aim of this study was to analyze the indicators of social justice and access to urban facilities and services in Region 1 of Kermanshah city. The importance of the injustice in Kermanshah, especially region 1, is related of domination of unfair allocation of facilities and services. The opinions of 42 experts, university professors, and researchers at research centers were considered. For testing the hypothesis, structural equation modeling technique was used by LISREL software. The results obtained from the path analysis showed that the three indices of difference (0.93), freedom (0.84) and equal opportunity (0.78) have the highest coefficient among the criteria and have the greatest impact on the realization of social justice and fair distribution of municipal services. In general, the independent variable of social justice with a path coefficient of 0.78 has a significant direct impact on the implementation of fair distribution of urban services. Also, regarding implementing the model in the second order, the criteria of equal opportunity, freedom and difference have the greatest positive impact on the fair distribution of urban services with the coefficients of 0.89, 0.88 and 0.80 .respectively. The results showed that the indicators of social justice have a positive and significant impact on the proper distribution of urban services in regions 1 of Kermanshah city.

The city's livability largely depends on its capacity to meet the residents’ basic needs. One of the essential components of public welfare is the ability of residents to access urban services on a neighborhood scale. This research aims at evaluating the accessibility of different socio-economic groups to urban services. Fair distribution of urban resources and services among socio-economic groups is an issue that needs attention, especially for developing countries with rapid urbanization like Iran. In this research, various methods have been used to analyze the correlation between accessibility to services and urban poverty and to provide the information needed for better decision-making. 21 social, economic, and physical indicators of statistical blocks have been used to map urban poverty. In order to map the accessibility of urban services, criteria such as the capacity of urban services (park, educational, religious, therapeutic, and sports), population density, and distance to services are considered. The results show a negative correlation between accessibility to services and urban poverty in Urmia city. The highest intensity of negative correlation between accessibility to services and urban poverty belongs to educational services (r=-0.231). This situation is not compatible with the goals of sustainable development and equal access to urban services. In this article, the areas of the city that need attention are identified on the map, which will be useful in the future planning and development of the city.

Disability as biological and social phenomena,a fact that all communities, regardless of the level of development, both industrial and non-industrial countries are facing it. People with disabilities, are part of the community, just like others, requires access to and use of public facilities and services, also daily statistics population middle-aged and elderly people who form a group of motor impairments are added. Therefore, attention to urban public services and socio-cultural factors for the needs of the disabled, one of the needs of the community,especially Iranian society after the imposition war add the number of disabled the community and consequently, needs to be more attention. Requirements for growth and development of communities, creating space and urban infrastructure appropriate for all public services and centers and the role of socio-cultural factors in cities(for example, the look society's to the disabled) for more mobility and easier access,they are very important. Also the priority meeting the needs of the disabled by accessing and using public facilities and services In cities must be considered.But there are some obstacles, especially in design, architecture and urban planning, many urban spaces lack the necessary conditions to meet the needs of people with disabilities. Obviously, the presence of disabilities in the city is an early step towards activating this group in human and social activities; that is, in employment, leisure and recreation, educational, professional and commercial activities from the social and economic point of view. Therefore, it is quite logical that urban spaces should be designed and built in such a way to move disabled people to move easily and with minimum energy expended done.

The method of this research is applied in terms of purpose,it is based on a descriptive and analytical method. The aim of this study was to evaluate are influential the performance of some of the indicators of public services and socio-cultural factors on the disabled community in the port city of mahshahr. Accordingly, a questionnaire was developed to measure some of the indicators of socio-cultural factors and urban services and between 260 disabled person was in region distributed by simple random sampling. After collecting, questionnaires were evaluated by Fuzzy Chang method and single sample T-test.

Disability as a biological and social phenomenon is a fact that affects all communities both industrial and non-industrial, regardless of the level of development. Additionally, the number of the middle-aged and old people who form the disabled population has increased. Therefore, people with disabilities as citizens of society have rights and rights that should be paid attention to among these are the refurbishment of urban spaces and as well as the social and cultural are factors that affect in this stratum the cities, so that the inadequacy of different urban spaces for people disabilities easy access to places and spaces needed It faces numerous problems and bottlenecks and on the other hand, society's view of these people if they consider disability a kind of restriction It destroys their social and cultural rights in urban society. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of some of the indicators of urban services and socio-cultural factors on the disabled community in the port city of mahshahr. total of 11 criteria and 24 sub-criteria and their analysis was determined by single-sample t-test and chang's fuzzy expansion office staff behavior, street curbs and passageways, sidewalks, institutions, parks and office stairs respectively. Although the disabled people were less dissatisfied with the condition of job factors, sport facilities and parking.

Persons with disabilities are among the strata that providing access needs for them requires using special measures and arrangements and is considered as a prerequisite for other job services, such as educational, health, recreational, sports and welfare. Due to the ignorance to the problems of the disabled in urban environments, a large part of society is deprived of social presence and will also be considered socially disabled. Therefore, there should be paid enough attention to the needs of these groups. By a multi-criteria questionnaire based on the 5-point Likert scale the disabled community of port city of mahshahr was asked that to evaluation, some utilities and socio-cultural factors affecting this community based on of values Excellent to very poor. Then by coding the answers, based on the average value and One-Sample Test With 95% confidence level was that is the result of the components, office staff behavior, street curbs and passageways, sidewalks, institutions, parks and office stairs respectively. Although the disabled people were less dissatisfied with the condition of job factors, sport facilities and parking. The results of the component analysis and sub-components of Chang's fuzzy expansion method also indicate this and show the highest degree of satisfaction to the lowest level of satisfaction office staff behavior, street curbs and passageways, sidewalks, institutions, parks and office stairs respectively. Although the disabled people were less dissatisfied with the condition of job factors, sport facilities and parking. The present research tries to investigate some indicators of municipal services as well as some social and cultural factors affecting the disabled community in the city of Mahshahr with a theoretical and field approach. According to internal and external research related to the subject, it can be acknowledged that this research has been done in two ways) T-test and Fuzzy Chang and their comparisons have been used for the components that might be different in its kind from other researches but undoubtedly have drawbacks. Finally it can be said The results are in one-sample test and Chang's fuzzy expansion method In terms of severity not satisfied with disabilities criteria and sub-criteria has been confirmed.

In general, one of the most important tasks of urban management in any city, both small and large cities, is to provide appropriate urban services for citizens, which, if realized, will both increase the quality of life of citizens and positively assess the performance of the city management. But an important issue in the provision of urban services is how they are distributed in the city, which an important factor in satisfying and meeting the needs of citizens as the main of goal urban management. This category is more prominent in medium-sized cities due to insufficient access of citizens to urban services. In this regard, this study first uses a descriptive-analytical method to first examine the level of satisfaction citizens of Bumhan with access to urban services and then the spatial distribution of citizens' satisfaction with access to urban services. SPSS and Gis software were used to analyze the collected information. The results of the research have shown that in general, the level of satisfaction of the citizens of Bumhan city with the studied urban services has been low and except for the educational services in which the level of citizens' satisfaction has been evaluated as appropriate, other services have not been in a good condition. On the other hand, the study of spatial distribution of satisfaction with urban services in the city of Bumhan shows that in the central part there is more satisfaction than the marginal parts, especially the southern and northern parts of the city.

Previous research has acknowledged the importance of human resources in service companies by influencing the end customer and has shown that if internal marketing succeeds, external marketing will also develop, but describing this development is beyond the reach of purely quantitative or qualitative studies. . In this regard, simulation can come with the help of the humanities and identify the factors influencing the development of internal marketing. In this study, using the systems dynamics approach, factors affecting the success of internal marketing were investigated. The statistical population is all marketing experts at Fiberglass. Primary data were obtained through interviews with them and secondary data from company documentation. Dynamic drawing and modeling and final loop identification through VENSIM PLE software Four key loops were identified for the dynamic internal marketing model that included customer orientation, knowledge, satisfaction and motivation. And the results showed that if the identified four loops were supported and developed, internal marketing would have a high growth. Among these factors, customer orientation became more important to be achieved by developing a culture of customer orientation in organizations.

The city's spatial justice is mainly based on the distributive aspect of justice due to regional disparities, maintaining the balance of human relations and the environment, equal access of citizens to opportunities and reduction of harmful effects due to unfair distribution and opportunities. It emphasizes the possibilities in the national territory with the focus on the category of spatial diversity. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the utilities of urban services in district two of Ardebil. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its method. The necessary data were collected through documentary information and library in which ten urban service indicators were used to achieve the goal. In this research, Shannon's Entropy Model was used for weighing and determining the importance of the indicators. Also the models of the Vikor and Topsis were used for ranking and the leveling the utilization of neighborhoods. The results of these two models, i.e., VIKOR and TOPSIS, differed in some cases, therefore in order to achieve a unified result concerning ranking and the degree of possession of neighborhoods, the combined technique was used the results of which indicate the distribution of unbalanced urban services in the eleven districts so that the neighborhoods of eight, four and nine are in first, second and third rank respectively, neighborhoods of one and eleven in fourth and fifth rankings with a relatively high level, neighborhoods of five and three are ranked sixth in semi-possessed areas, and neighborhoods seven and two in the seventh and eighths of the semi-possessed, and finally, the neighborhoods of six and ten in the last resort are at the disadvantage level. Also, the obtained results based on the rank-size model showed that there are no space balances in terms of population and services between urban neighborhoods of the region. Accordingly, neighborhoods one and three are in good condition and districts four and ten are in poor condition.

The present research is descriptive-analytical and in terms of its purpose. Data needed for research were collected by means of documentation (library, magazines) and field materials using a questionnaire. Using the Cochran formula, the sample size of the population was estimated at 383 people and the data were obtained using spatial analysis ArcGIS and SPSS software have been analyzed. In order to analyze the distribution of urban services, the index of access to urban services has been used, which is derived from land use plans of Mashhad city and municipal information and obtained from network analysis (ANP) and spatial statistics tests. Also, to assess the satisfaction of citizens from the distribution of urban services through a questionnaire and using one-sample T-test in spss software. Also, Gray Gray Analysis (GRA) method has been used for ranking the neighborhoods of the District 11 of Mashhad in terms of social justice. The final indicator of the distribution of urban services indicates the favorable distribution of urban services in the Daneshjo, sharif, Tarbiat, farhang, and parts of Azadshahr and Faroghottahsilan. As well as the neighborhoods of Ziba shahr, Shahid Razavi and parts of Faroghottahsilan and Azad shahr, they are in a disadvantaged position in terms of the distribution of urban services. Also, based on spatial self-correlation test, the pattern of indicators in the study area has spatial self-correlation and cluster pattern. The analysis of the distribution pattern of urban services in the District 11 of Mashhad using J statistics shows that the distribution of urban services in the study area has a high concentration of cluster patterns. Based on the analysis of the gray-matter analysis of daneshjo, Azad Shahr, farhang and Sharif neighborhoods, they have high levels of social justice, and other neighborhoods are ranked respectively. In the following, the results of t test indicate that among the neighborhoods, Daneshjo, Sharif, farhang, Tarbiat and Azad Shahr neighborhoods had the highest satisfaction with urban services. The neighborhood of Zibashahr has had the least satisfaction with the distribution of urban services. The results of all the models used in the paper are highly consistent and consistent.

City is a social and physical phenomenon that is under the pressure of constant development and many quantitative and qualitative changes take place in it. In the late 1960s, urban planning shifted toward social justice due to increasing urban conflicts in Western societies (concurrent with the presentation of Rawls' theory of social justice) so that it was extremely successful in reducing urban conflicts and social control and creating balance in Western capitalist society. Geographically, the city's social justice is synonymous with a fair distribution of space and facilities between different urban areas and equal access to citizens, and their unfair distribution will lead to social crises and complex and diverse spatial problems. The balanced distribution of urban services will reduce intra-city travel and provide the needs of citizens in the same areas that will improve the urban transportation system in the development of interconnected nodes between urban services and increase economic vitality, dynamism of urban life, comfort and well-being. Inadequate and unequal distribution of services in the 11th district of Tehran due to the lack of attention to social justice is currently one of the challenges of urban management in responding to citizens. Therefore, according to the necessity of the subject, the present study seeks to explain and present a model of equitable distribution of urban services based on social justice. So, the main research question is as follows: -What is the model of fair distribution of social justice-based urban services?

The present study is applied and descriptive-analytical research in terms of content and method. The required data have been collected through library and field methods. Thus, at first, theoretical concepts were explained in order to clarify the issue, and then for the more coherent and efficient discussion of the region, the criteria of urban services and social justice were determined according to the views of experts. It is important to note that in the section on Social Justice Criteria, based on the main aim of the study, which is the equitable distribution of urban services, the principle focus is on the views of John Rawls and David Harvey. The statistical population includes residents of District 11 of Tehran and the volume of the statistical sample in this study is calculated by Cochran's formula that is 384 people. Finally, SPSS and Smart PLS software programs have been used to review descriptive statistics and analyze the collected data and provide a model of equitable distribution of urban services based on social justice.

In order to analyze the final criteria, which were extracted from the theoretical basis and based on the views of experts, after entering the latent variables (main variables and criteria related to each) and obvious (indicators or questions) and drawing the model in Smart PLS software; the final model was analyzed in two ways of estimating the standard and significance coefficients of the coefficients, which represent the extent and significance of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent, respectively. According to experts such as Ringle (2015) and Johnson 2008, the Cronbach's alpha value, the combined reliability, correlation of Spearman and the common reliability value must be above 0.7 and 0.5, respectively. Also, as claimed by Ringle and Henseler, if the CR> AVE condition is firmed, the validity of the model is confirmed. Therefore, according to the obtained results, all the coefficients have the mentioned conditions and the model has reliability and validity. In addition, due to the results of the Fornell and Larcker test, the numbers on the main diameter of the AVE square are greater than the correlation of the corresponding variable with the other variables. Consequently, the questions of one variable were not correlated with the other variable and the research variables were not critically correlated with each other. As a result, divergent validity was confirmed by this test. Also, based on the results of the significance test, the path of social justice on the fair distribution of urban services, which in fact expresses the effect of the independent variable of social justice on the dependent variable of equitable distribution of social services, according to T value, which is outside the range of 1.96 and -1.96 and the value of sig

In the present study, by studying the research literature and theoretical foundations, 6 main criteria such as freedom, equal opportunity, difference, need, participation in public interest and entitlement based on the views of John Rawls and David Harvey have been identified. Also, educational, medical-health, sports, urban green space, urban infrastructure, accessibility and transportation, cultural and recreational criteria have been determined for the distribution of urban services variable. The important point to be found in the results is the three factors of difference, freedom and equal opportunity in the rank of one to three that in addition to showing the importance of the above three factors in achieving social justice in the fair distribution of urban services, it indicates that the main emphasis should be on John Rawls' point of view and the observance of the three principals have been presented by him.

Nowadays, the speed at which municipalities provide urban services and collect urban waste play an important role in improving the efficiency of this organization, and therefore, the satisfaction of the citizens. In recent decades, due to the dominance of consumerism culture in Third World countries, especially Iran, we witness an increase in the urban waste each and every single day. In spite of the modernization of waste collection machines, the service delivery speed has been neglected although it has always had a significant impact on cost reduction and quality of service delivery. The city of Ardabil is no exception to this. It has four districts and 100 large and small neighborhoods in total that have always encountered the municipality with a major problem in terms of the rate at which urban wastes was collected and thus provided a beautiful outlook of the city. This article aims at adding the speed as a factor to the waste collection units by proposing the best route for the machines via Travelling Salesman Problem approach and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm in MATLAB environment. Using the appropriate programming and defining those 100 neighborhoods for the model, the most optimal routes for the municipality’s service units are introduced provided that the service units pass each neighborhood once and at the end return to the starting point again. The results of the study showed that the algorithm used in this research for 100 neighborhoods in those four districts can provide the optimal solution with the repetition of 200 and respectively with the values of 99, 91, 93, and 97 and within the intervals of 30, 22, 30, and 24 seconds.

The disorder of the distribution system of service centers in urban spaces has paved the way for social inequality of citizens in accessing these services. Therefore, paying attention to services and how to distribute them in cities is a basic principle in the direction of sustainable development of cities and the basis of spatial justice. The aim of this research is spatial analysis of urban services in ten areas of Tabriz metropolis. For this purpose, the library method was used to collect information. The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and applied in terms of results. To analyze and distribute urban services, 17 types of public services were used using quantitative models and also to determine the type of relationship between population and urban services, Pearson correlation test was used in Excel. The results showed that zones 2 and 3 have the best situation in terms of distribution of urban services and region 9 is in an unfavorable situation and has the least public services. The results also show a low correlation between municipal services and population. In general, the findings indicate that the distribution of services is not done properly and is more focused and polar. Therefore, suggestions were made to get out of this situation and achieve a balanced distribution of the city's public services.

Today discussion of space inequalities in cities and the need for the establishment of social justice in the enjoyment of all the citizens for of public services has turned into the serious debates noteworthy for to planners and city administrators. The aim this article is an analysis of the position of the urban areas in Mahabad city in terms of the components of urban services with emphasis on special justice. The research method, with due attention to purpose is functional and in terms of nature is descriptive-analytical approach. The criteria of the study include eleven components of urban public services that the required information is collected from the comprehensive and detailed plan of Mahabad in 2016. For data analysis, the GIS and Excel software were used. Indexes were weighted using Entropy method and were ranked by using VIKOR technique and for examining the land use distribution pattern of urban services; the technique of closet neighborhood was used. Checking the results of the amount of Mahabad-zones enjoyment of possibilities and urban services indicates that area 2 with the privilege of 0/589 and 0/867 have placed at the rankings of areas 7 and 8. As well, investigating the pattern of the land use distribution of urban services at the levels of zones show that most of the land uses have distributed on the basis of cluster model and do not follow a regular pattern. In the end, some solutions have been represented to achieve the space justice.