جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نابرابری فضایی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Spatial inequality is considered one of the biggest challenges in both developing and developed countries, and a major obstacle for most governments to achieve sustainable development indicators. Therefore, investigating and analyzing the levels of spatial inequality as well as the influencing factors on its formation and expansion are considered essential for planning and managing cities. This research was conducted with the aim of measuring the spatial inequalities in Ardabil city with emphasis on economic indicators and identifying factors affecting its expansion. Based on the characteristics, spatial statistical models, hot spot analysis and spatial autocorrelation were used in Arc/GIS software, as well as fuzzy Delphi technique. Based on the results of the research, the urban areas of Ardabil are in different ranges in terms of the investigated indicators. Moreover, based on the spatial autocorrelation model (Moran), the distribution pattern of spatial inequality based on economic indicators in Ardabil follows the cluster model, and this type of distribution has caused spatial duality in this city.

Health is a vital component of human well-being. Health justice is one of the political priorities of governments. Most region of the Iran are facing the problem of improving the level of health, which is a major obstacle to sustainable development in these regions. Recognizing and analyzing spatial health inequalities and their determinants at different scales (national, regional, local) is an effective step in policy making. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial inequality in health status and its social determinants in the provinces of Iran. The required data collected through statistical yearbooks of Iran Statistics Center and medical universities. To measure the spatial pattern and spatial clustering, the global Moran’s I and Getis-Ord G statistics are used. Also, the two-variable Moran statistic was used to measure the relationship between health status and independent research variables. Findings show that health status and its determinants are distributed unequally among the provinces. In the health stats, the border provinces, especially in the east and southeast of the country are in an unfavorable situation. The provinces of Tehran, Alborz, Kurdistan and Ardabil achieved the highest values. In other words, they can be said to be in a good position. In contrast, the provinces of North Khorasan, Khuzestan, South Khorasan and Sistan and Baluchestan had the lowest scores, which they had poor condition. Health status and independent variables of the study showed significantly positive relationship with health status in the provinces. Highest coefficient values for health prediction status respectively are socio-economic status 0.222 (p = 0.000) physical 0.147 (p <0.001), human resources 0.142 (p <0.001) and environmental quality 0.135 (p <0.001). However, these relations are changing among the provinces, and not all provinces follow the same pattern. The influencing factors of research varies among provinces, which is higher in the southeastern and northwestern provinces of the country.

Analysis of Spatial Inequalities with Spatial Justice Approach in Cities Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Techniques (Case study: 27 cities of Khuzestan province)AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze and measure the level of spatial inequality and prioritization of human settlements for urban planning in Khuzestan province. The present paper is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and method of data collection is documentary and libraries. WASPAS, TOPSIS, Shannon entropy, integration model and multi-criteria decision making techniques have also been used. The results of WASPAS model show that Ahwaz city with development coefficient (0.612) is in the first place and Dezful city with development coefficient (0.228) is in the second place. The most deprived cities include: Qaleh Khajeh city with development coefficient (0.016) Twenty-sixth and Haftkel city with coefficient of development (0.015) ranks 20th. The results of the integration method show that 8 out of 27 selected cities are in stable condition. Six cities in semi-sustainable level and 13 cities in Khuzestan province are deprived which requires special attention of officials and managers of the province.Keywords: Spatial deprivation, Waspas, Spatial inequality, Khuzestan province.

The purpose of this study is to explain the indicators of the quality of life in the urban areas of Sanandaj. The research was of applied purpose and based on descriptive and analytical nature. In this research, 4 main variables and more than 42 objective and subjective indicators of the quality of urban life in the socio-economic and physical fields of Sanandaj city were analyzed. - Fuzzy basis is used. The data collection method is through a questionnaire and in three areas of Sanandaj city. Research samples were selected using simple random sampling method. The findings obtained from the Vicor-Fuzzy model showed that the social, economic, physical and access to services indicators in region 3, with the highest level of quality of life, and regions 1 and 2, respectively, are in the next categories of quality of life classification. are located The results showed: among the various natural and human factors, the way of planning, the way of urban management, participation, security, social cohesion, the status of occupying a residential unit, access to medical centers, the quality of leisure time, the development of green space, etc., in improving the quality of life. The city of Sanandaj has an effective role. According to the results of the research, the improvement of the quality of life in the 3rd district of Sanandaj city is influenced by the role of urban management, effective participation in the development of urban infrastructure and spatial justice in the distribution of urban services, and the improvement of social and economic indicators such as sustainable employment.

Extended AbstractIntroductionIn Iran, the spatial inequality of cities has found a new manifestation, and the city of Ardabil is no exception to this rule. A study of demographic information of Ardabil province shows that in the urban system of this province, the city of Ardabil as the first city dominates the entire urban system. In the 2006 census of the Statistics Center of Iran and the provincial divisions, the city of Ardabil had a population of 418,262 people and in the 2016 census, it had a population of 529,374 people (General Population and Housing Census of the Statistics Center of Iran, 2006-2016). The rapid growth of urban population and the increasing expansion of this city is due to the intense rural-urban and urban-urban migration, which has led to the formation of unbridled and unplanned space, and urban management not only faces problems in providing services, but also In the age of globalization, efficient and effective management has become a passive and appropriate management. The inequality of Ardabil urban areas in having economic indicators and spatial imbalance has caused the city to move away from urban sustainability indicators. These heterogeneous and unequal spaces are not only evident in the whole city but also in the city areas. With an in-depth look at the components of urban sustainability, environmental justice and balanced growth, especially social justice, we can get the essence of it at different levels of global, national, regional and urban areas. According to what has been proposed, the present study has been written with the aim of investigating spatial inequality in the city of Ardabil to identify levels of inequality, to help urban farmers to solve various problems in these unequal areas. In this regard, in the first place, the situation of Ardabil urban blocks in terms of economic indicators using spatial statistics and hot spot analysis has been evaluated, and in the second place, the type of distribution pattern and distribution of spatial inequality using spatial autocorrelation (Moran statistic) becomes specific. MethodologyThe research method in the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The information available in the statistical blocks of 2006 and 2016 of Ardabil city was used to collect research data. To show the state of economic inequality, spatial autocorrelation technique is used using Hot Spot Analysis in Arc/GIS software and Moran's I statistic is used to analyze the distribution pattern of this inequality. Results and discussionAccording to the final map, the western and northwestern parts of Ardabil, including Gol Moghan, Molla Yousef, Malabashi, Iranabad, Jane Kennedy, Orujabad, Islamabad, Seyed Abad, Kazem Abad, Mirasharf, Salman Abad and Mehrabad They live economically in poverty. The cause of economic poverty in these areas is the poor condition of the villages annexed to the city, which are now known as urban neighborhoods. The inhabitants of these areas are in an unfavorable economic situation because they are rural migrants. In contrast to these neighborhoods, the conditions of the residents of the southern parts of the city are considered very favorable economically. In this study, the Moran index calculated for 2016 is equal to 0.100517 and for 2006 is equal to 0.127204. This value is less than one and on the other hand the P-value is equal to zero, it can be concluded that the data have spatial self-correlation and because Moran's value is positive, so the spatial pattern of inequality in Ardabil in each The two periods of 1385 and 2016 are clustered. ConclusionThe study of economic indicators in the blocks of Ardabil shows the unfavorable use of resources and facilities, intra-regional imbalances in the city. So that in the analysis of hot spots on the desired indicators, the southern areas and part of the central areas of Ardabil have a suitable situation in front of these areas, the northern and northern areas The western part of the city was in a very bad situation. Continuation of this situation has also led to gaps and inequality between different areas of Ardabil. This gap and inequality is especially visible, especially between areas with a completely deprived and completely deprived situation. In such a way that these areas have upset the spatial balance and the formation of dual and bipolar spaces in the city of Ardabil and has disrupted the balanced economic growth and development of this city. Also, the studies conducted in order to analyze the spatiality of inequality and the factors affecting its organization in Ardabil city are based on the inefficiency of the management structure and macroeconomic system. They turn. In this regard, the main areas can be the inadequacy of urban management in various areas such as accountability, the failure of the formal land and housing market, the inadequacy of land laws and lack of control over the economic situation and inflation. Also effective processes can be the period of management in Ardabil (all cities of Iran) and the lack of continuity of management positions and reduce their efficiency in promoting poor areas, urban technocracy (non-participation) and the lack of fair distribution of resources, lack of proper implementation of programs Tackling poverty due to various processes in the areas of policy-making, decision-making and implementation (lack of integration), stereotypes during different periods and lack of segregation of interventions in new, old, historical and marginal contexts, not preventing the prominent role of brokers in the field of land and Housing, as well as inappropriate macroeconomic policies that have led to widespread sanctions on Iran over the years and decades and rising inflation, are among the main areas for the spread of spatial inequality in the study area.

The issue of intra-regional and inter-regional inequality in many countries is a major challenge to development. This inequality is one of the manifestations of the Third World countries and is due to the economic, social and political conditions of these countries. This study examined the extent of deprivation among urban and rural areas and settlements. This research was compiled as a descriptive-analytical nature of the applied studies and its data was documented. To measure social deprivation, 18 indicators were used, economic deprivation of 20 indicators, and 11 indicators were used for environmental deprivation. The results of the study showed that rural settlements have been deprived of social and economic deprivation more than urban residences, and these settlements are less deprived of urban residences in terms of environmental deprivation. Also, in terms of the combination of deprivation index, which was used as a cluster analysis technique. Provinces of the country were classified into three deprived departments: low, medium and high. According to this analysis, provinces with a lower depreciation level were concentrated in the central and central parts of the country, and these regions comprise the largest urban population, and in contrast, The areas of the average deprivation rate have been the highest in the eastern and western parts of the country, and these provinces have the most rural populations in the country.

Despite having abundant wealth, power, and resources and making great efforts to bring about regional balance, there is a deviation from spatial equality in Iran’s structure, which has led to the establishment of center-periphery structure as the dominant model in Iran. This structure has been created due to many factors, forces, and currents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a theoretical model of spatial inequality in Iran using Lynham’s theorizing method. There were five steps in the application of this method. In the first method, i.e., conceptualization, the theoretical model was developed using meta-synthesis method and MAXQDA software. The obtained model entailed a host of concepts and components. These included  context-based  theory-driven discourse, centralization and making the periphery dependent, the reverse results of development plans, unequal power relations, inequality of benefits and wealth (economic inequality), inappropriate policymaking and management, weak local and regional management as opposed to central power, unbalanced distribution of population and activity in geographical spaces, and unbalanced distribution of natural resources. These concepts, grouped into ideological, economic-political, and contextual discourses, have created spatial inequality and center-periphery relationship in Iran.

The agricultural sector in the development process needs the optimal allocation of resources, facilities and services in order to achieve the goals of development programs. Today, what is felt is the danger in agricultural development, the lack or lack of attention to localized strategies and adapted to environmental, social and technological conditions. In this situation, one of the basic strategies in recognizing agricultural issues is to identify gaps and inequalities between regions. In the present study, the status of the geographical gap of agricultural development indicators in the cities of Hamadan province was investigated and evaluated. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of zoning the agricultural development of the cities of Hamadan province. In order to collect data, secondary statistics of different organizations have been used; In this study, in which the zoning method is based on the analysis of a set of indicators in order to construct a composite index, 75 indicators were selected in three components and Vickor method was used to analyze them. Drawing maps and generating localized information using GIS software. The results of Vikor technique show a kind of disruption and imbalance in the agricultural development of the province. Nahavand city in the most privileged group, Asadabad, Bahar, Tuyserkan, Razan, Malayer and Hamedan cities in the most privileged group and Famenin and Kaboudar Ahang cities in terms of indicators studied in this study were not in terms of agricultural development.

Urban spatial inequality in informal settlements is more apparent especially in the developing countries, with various roots and reasons and its modification is arduous. Since last decades Rio de Janeiro has been exposed to informal settlements. Almost these settlements have dispersed all over the city leading to the formation of spatial inequality. Therefore many plans with financial support have developed to remove the existing spatial inequality in last three decades. This research tried to analyze the variation of urban inequality gap between 1985 and 2015 and to answer this question that whether extensive plans can reduce urban spatial inequality or whether spatial gap among other regions have raised due to services costs. First, we revised plans of financial supports and then analyzed urban condition from several aspects. The research method is analytical – descriptive since Rio experience can be a model for urban planning in Iran as this type of research is an applied one. In this study, analysis of different aspects is based on numerical methods as the correlation coefficient, variation coefficient, Gini coefficient, and for showing the spatial inequality, GIS was used. It was concluded that financial supports have good influence on Favela’s infrastructure and may improve their levels. Favela’s population have increased but the variation of house price Gini coefficient reveal raise of inequality gap among Rio regions. As a result, not only financial support plans could modify urban inequality but it may have the reverse outcome and the inequality gap would be intensified.

Although more than 6 decades have passed since the life of regional planning in Iran, the heavy shadow of gaps and spatial imbalances still weighs heavily on regions. Accepting the fact that regional diversity in the development process is inevitable and necessary for the development and progress of a country, we can say that the role of regional planning has forced us to adapt to scientific changes in this field. The genealogy of the development process in Iran shows that the approach of capital accumulation and imposition of specific roles to regions has been done mainly without any cost-benefit analysis and only based on the approach of the pole of growth and concentration of capital in a historical process. This article tries to examine this important issue. Therefore, to understand such a situation, to analyze the economic conditions of the regions; In the form of development indicators such as: population and manpower (urban-rural), employment and unemployment, social participation, the three sectors of the economy, GDP, etc. have been studied using the TOPSIS technique. The results of the research indicate that the Iranian Space Organization has become multilevel and the provinces that are the centers of development have cut their downstream areas in terms of development indicators and by focus of section on attracting capital, Population and industry have caused spatial imbalances inside and outside the region.

Establishing social justice and consequently spatial justice is the solution to many shortcomings and anomalies in cities. In this process, informal settlement and spatial inequality are the focus of instability and conflict and are related to each other through similar processes. purpose of this article is to investigate the structural factors affecting the spatial justice indicators of informal settlements in Tehran Region 2, which using factor analysis methods, spatial statistics in GIS environment, comparative comparison of spatial inequality of informal settlements and analysis of social, economic and welfare-physical indicators. These neighborhoods have paid. results show that the neighborhoods of region 2 of Tehran are not in a good condition in terms of having the studied indicators. neighborhoods of Gharb and Punak towns are in the best condition and the neighborhoods of Islamabad and Farahzad are in the worst condition. In the vicinity of low-income neighborhoods such as Islamabad and Farahzad, the interests of a limited and affluent people have been formed, an idea that involves relatively precise engineering, science, technology and architecture, and so on. In contrast, the atmosphere that is formed only on the basis of meeting the simple needs of the poor masses and is declining every day in a regressive course has fueled the inequality of Islamabad, Farahzad and even Kusar neighborhoods with their neighboring neighborhoods. This indicates that space has dominated in neighborhoods and has led to the formation of unequal space in the whole region and adjacent areas in the spatial structure of region 2.

The purpose of this study is analyze the spatial distribution of health services in the country Iran and compare the level of health services in 31 provinces of the country.In this research, the current approach is descriptiveanalytical and applied in terms of its purpose. The data are derived from the secondary type and from the data available in the statistical journal of 1394.Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software have been used to weig the indicators. The TOPSIS model has been used to analyze the distribution of the level of the provinces and their ranking.The results of this study showed that the provinces of Yazd, Semnan, Fars, Ilam, Zanjan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Hamedan, South Khorasan and Chahar mahal Bakhtiari and East Azarbaijan provinces were the highest in terms of level of health services, And the rest of the provinces are in the next ranks.The results of the research indicate that balanced health services are not distributed in different provinces of the country.

Proportionate distribution of facilities, equipment, and Proficient human forces who are directly involved in the health of society is of great importance. The present descriptive-analytical study aimed to rank the Counties of Ardabil province with respect to the health care development indicators. Access to health carefacilities and their distribution across the Countieswere determined by employing 26 health indicators, applying TOPSIS and VIKORdecision making models,and unifying the results by Borda and Copeland techniques, mean-rank, and integration. The findings revealed the gap and inequality among the Counties of the province and a marked difference in access tohealth care facilities and infrastructures. The results of the integration method revealed that among the Counties of the province, just the county of Ardabil, the center of the province, had very favorable conditions. The Counties of Khalkhal and Meshginshahr had favorable conditions. The most deprived county in terms of access to health care facilities was Sarein and the other Counties were classified as deprived or somewhat deprived areas. The findings indicate that it is possible to change the spatial inequalities of development towards balanced growth by decentralization of facilities from the center of the province and proper distribution of facilities and equipment with a justice-oriented approach and also the distribution of health care equipment in proportion to the population of Counties.

Recognition of spatial inequality and regional imbalances in the context of different geographical areas and policy-making to eliminate and reduce item is one of the most important categories of regional planning. The dimensions of spatial inequality in various economic, social, medical, and other fields are debatable. Therefore, achieving comprehensive progress and development in the future requires recognizing the position of regions and areas in different dimensions. In this regard, the present study has been conducted to measure the spatial inequality of the metropolitan area of Ahvaz in terms of possessing a combination of development indicators. According to the studied components, the article approach of this study is "descriptive-analytical". This study tries to determine rating and measuring of inequalities amone the regions of Ahvaz city using 54 variables and applying the ELECTRE model. The results of this study show that the distribution of development is unbalanced and there are inequality and gap between regions in terms of development, and this inequality appears to be in different sectors of social, economic, service, health, and physical. According to the results of the electrical technique, region 2 is at the level of enjoyment, region 1 and 3 are at the level of semi-enjoyment, region 4 is at the level of low enjoyment, and regions 6, 7, and 8 are in the category of deprived or lack of enjoyment; Therefore, to reduce the level of development inequalities in Ahvaz؛based on the research findings, it is suggested that the distribution of development indicators Should be directed towards balanced growth.

With the advent of the information age and the growth of new communication technologies, the idea for the learning society has affected all human social relations and provided public learning for all people regardless of any differences. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of learning activities in urban spaces, it is necessary to pay attention to the location of these services and the benefit of all citizens from them. Accordingly, the present study, with the aim of spatial analysis relationships between demographic and physical factors as basic principles in the realization of learning city has examined spatial heterogeneities in urban neighborhoods of Zanjan.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The method of data collecting is documentary-library. To analyze the findings, Moran's self-correlation technique and geographical weight regression model were used.

The results of the use of Moran statistics show that the spatial self-correlation between all the indicators measured is positive and follows the cluster pattern. Following the existence of such a pattern, the assessments made using the GWR model show that the population index required for education with 13.5% has the highest impact factor on the transformation of Zanjan into a learning city. Also, considering the adjusted R2 values equal to 43 and 32%, the GWR modeled the spatial relationships between the variables with acceptable accuracy and was able to predict spatial inequalities and optimal deployment ranges of the centers in the coming years.

The findings show that most of the neighborhoods of Zanjan suffer from spatial imbalances in terms of the appropriateness between the learning land uses and their population. This is much more severe in the case of the Bisim, Islamabad and Trans neighborhoods with an illiterate population of 40.6%. Therefore, urban management should prevent gaps and social-spatial inequalities between urban areas and neighborhoods through proper planning in the fair distribution of learning services and make it possible to achieve learning city in Zanjan neighborhoods by determining the optimal location of learning land uses

Stability and sustainability of agricultural growth can be factors of social stability and economic growth in society. Agricultural development requires the zoning and capability of each region. Hence, the study of how the development of agriculture in different regions is essential for planning. Using GIS software, TOPSIS model and cluster analysis, this study has analyzed the gap and distance between the counties of Lorestan province in terms of major indicators of agricultural development. The research method was analytical-descriptive. The statistical population is the total number of counties in Lorestan Province. For this purpose, 87 indicators of agricultural development and its related information were extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of 2016 and the General Agricultural Census of 2014 and the field study data. The results of the research show a deep gap, distance and inequality between the counties of the province. So that the final coefficient of the most developed county (Aligudarz) is 85 times more than the undeveloped county (Rumeshkan). Also, the results of cluster analysis indicate that there are four levels of development in the province. The county of Aligudarz is in developed level and the counties of Poldokhtar, Kuhdasht and Rumeshkan are in an undeveloped level, and the province's space indicates inequality and imbalance.

The present study aimed to investigate spatial inequality based on educational indicators in the area of Golestan province as one of the border provinces. In order to achieve this goal, 22 educational units were used according to reliable statistics and reliable statistical data of 1392 province. The data collection method is a documentary-type library that has been analyzed using VIKOR and SAW multi-criteria decision-making techniques. First, the distribution of population and distribution of educational indicators based on relative entropy techniques and Gini coefficient were evaluated. Spearman statistical technique was also used to calculate the correlation between population variables and educational indices in cities of Golestan province. The ARC GIS 9.3 software was used to display the spatial-spatial indices. The results of the entropy coefficient show that the distribution of population with the score of 0.8877 and the Gini coefficient with score (0) represents a balanced and proportional distribution of population in the county level of Golestan province. The findings of the Wicver and Saw techniques indicate that the distribution of educational indicators in Golestan province is very heterogeneous and unequal, so that Gorgan (0/725) and Marawehpeyh (0/166) Accordingly, they are the most enjoyable and deprived cities in the province, and there is a huge difference between them. Also, the correlation between population distribution and city rank with Spearman correlation coefficient has been evaluated. The results of the study show that educational indicators in the cities of Golestan province are not based on the distribution factor of the population, which indicates lack of management And proper regional and urban planning.

Living and accessing healthy urban spaces is one of the most important indicators of social and environmental justice. As urban sprawl in developing countries has increased, unequal opportunities have been created for citizens to access healthy urban spaces. And from this perspective, justice has not been respected in the city. . With increasing environmental problems in urban environments, especially metropolitan areas, and the emergence of management problems such as space inequalities and land use change in cities, urban environmental health has become an important issue in urban planning. In the present study, two concepts of spatial justice and environmental health in urban areas of Tehran metropolitan area were investigated. The main purpose in this study is assessment of spatial inequality of urban environmental health indicators among metropolitan areas of Tehran. To investigate this, the UHI model used by the World Health Organization for measuring health in urban areas has been used as well as the advanced CommunityVIZ software that works in the ArcGIS environment. The results of the study show that there are inequalities in urban environmental health indicators among Tehran metropolitan areas. And this inequality follows a cluster pattern, with the north and northwestern regions having better health status than the central and southwestern regions of Tehran metropolis. The results also show that there is a strong correlation between economic, social, environmental-spatial indicators and urban environmental health index. This suggests that any action to promote urban health is not possible without regard to relevant indicators and requires an integrated urban development plan.