جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کلان شهر » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Industrial activities and urban traffic contribute to increased air pollution in large cities, resulting in a rise in various diseases among the population. Consequently, studying and investigating polluted areas is crucial for effective city management. This study aims to examine the air pollution levels in Tehran, Isfahan, and Qom cities, focusing on NO2, CO2, CO, and CH4 pollutants, during two distinct periods: pre-COVID-19 (2018-2019) and during COVID-19 (2020-2021), across all four seasons. By employing the Pearson correlation method and RBF neural networks (radial basis function neural network), the relationship between temperature and pollutants was explored. The findings reveal higher levels of air pollution in Tehran and Isfahan compared to other regions. Moreover, the study demonstrates a significant reduction in pollution during the COVID-19 era compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Additionally, the regression analysis highlights a strong correlation between temperature increase and pollution levels (R2=0.981). Furthermore, the RBF method exhibits high accuracy in predicting air pollution levels (R2 = 0.85, RMSE = 0.08). In conclusion, this research underscores the urgent need for comprehensive measures to mitigate air pollution, particularly in highly polluted areas, and emphasizes the role of temperature as a crucial factor affecting pollution levels.

In a world where development is one of the main goals in societies, addressing metropolitan issues is one of the main bases for the production and distribution of wealth and added value. Competition is the most important tool for attracting advantages and opportunities correctly. In this study, first a brief review of the history of research and then theories and perspectives on the competitiveness of metropolises, and its "key components" and then its role in regional development of Iran and also the relationship between the components of metropolitan competitiveness on regional development. Been paid. Therefore, considering the importance and necessity of this issue, the overall purpose of the research is to investigate the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. The research method is survey; The realization of the above goal and accurate knowledge of the dimensions of the problem, in the study group, is the study and analysis of the views of experts. Regional development is the result of the role and impact of competitiveness of the metropolis (Tehran). This research is of applied type and in terms of research method, descriptive and survey class in which the type of questionnaire is researcher type. The statistical population of the research consists of 70 professors and faculty members who use the research data using SPSS and Lisrel software were measured. Accordingly, in the exploratory analysis of the first stage (the question of the role of the metropolis in regional development), the results show that all the required assumptions related to the use of factor analysis have been met. The Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test is an indicator of sample adequacy. Determined the degree of belonging of variables to each other (causal factor) and as a result, their suitability for factor analysis and also determined the suitability of each variable alone. Considering that its value is equal to 0.79. Assessing the reliability of the extractive factors of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development, it is determined that the reliability of the components and the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development is acceptable. Exploratory analysis of the second stage (metropolis role questionnaire in regional development) in which in this stage, all 3 components of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development are examined based on the Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test, and considering that Its value is equal to 0.72, so the judgment about it is reported to be good. Considering the amount of chi-square and the significance level of Bartlett sphericity test (P <0.01 and X2 = 62.15), it is concluded that there is a correlation between the factors. And it is observed that all components have an acceptable correlation with the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. In a world where development is one of the main goals in societies, addressing metropolitan issues is one of the main bases for the production and distribution of wealth and added value. Competition is the most important tool for attracting advantages and opportunities correctly. In this study, first a brief review of the history of research and then theories and perspectives on the competitiveness of metropolises, and its "key components" and then its role in regional development of Iran and also the relationship between the components of metropolitan competitiveness on regional development. Been paid. Therefore, considering the importance and necessity of this issue, the overall purpose of the research is to investigate the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. The research method is survey; The realization of the above goal and accurate knowledge of the dimensions of the problem, in the study group, is the study and analysis of the views of experts. Regional development is the result of the role and impact of competitiveness of the metropolis (Tehran). This research is of applied type and in terms of research method, descriptive and survey class in which the type of questionnaire is researcher type. The statistical population of the research consists of 70 professors and faculty members who use the research data using SPSS and Lisrel software were measured. Accordingly, in the exploratory analysis of the first stage (the question of the role of the metropolis in regional development), the results show that all the required assumptions related to the use of factor analysis have been met. The Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test is an indicator of sample adequacy. Determined the degree of belonging of variables to each other (causal factor) and as a result, their suitability for factor analysis and also determined the suitability of each variable alone. Considering that its value is equal to 0.79. Assessing the reliability of the extractive factors of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development, it is determined that the reliability of the components and the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development is acceptable. Exploratory analysis of the second stage (metropolis role questionnaire in regional development) in which in this stage, all 3 components of the Tehran metropolis role questionnaire in regional development are examined based on the Kaiser-Meyer and Oaklin test, and considering that Its value is equal to 0.72, so the judgment about it is reported to be good. Considering the amount of chi-square and the significance level of Bartlett sphericity test (P <0.01 and X2 = 62.15), it is concluded that there is a correlation between the factors. And it is observed that all components have an acceptable correlation with the role of Tehran metropolis in regional development. In a world where development is one of the main goals in societies, addressing metropolitan issues is one of the main bases for the production and distribution of wealth and added value. Competition is the most important tool for attracting advantages and opportunities correctly. In this study, first a brief review of the history of research and then theories and perspectives on the competitiveness of metropolises, and its "key components"

With the increase in the number of people living in urban areas, urban expansion is increasing all over the world. The rapid expansion of cities as a major factor in the evolution of urban forms in recent decades has become an important issue in spatial planning and urban management. Spatio-temporal measurement and analysis of urban forms can provide a good basis for making decisions about cities and regions with rapid physical growth. Urban form as spatial configuration of fixed elements in metropolitan area has significant effects on physical and mental activity and health, transportation patterns, social interactions, environmental quality, climate change, and human well-being. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the Spatio-temporal evolution of urban form in metropolitan areas of Iran.The General Census of Population and Housing from 1986 to 2016 and Landsat satellite images in 1987,2000 and 2017 have been used in this study. The general population and housing censuses were used to study demographic changes and Landsat satellite imageries were used to generate urban land maps in the study area. 24 Landsat TM and OLI images were used to generate urban land maps using the Maximum Proximity algorithm in ENVI software.

Today, the existing infrastructure in cities, especially metropolises, should be attractive platforms for attracting and cultivating the talents, innovations and ideas of citizens. The importance of creative cities in today's competitive world is linked to big cities that are centers of wealth and innovation. The metropolis of Tabriz, as one of the historical cities of Iran, has always been a source of wealth and technology. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of effective components on the realization of creative cities in Tabriz. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. Pearson and multivariate regression tests were used to analyze the data and ANP and TOPSIS models were used to prioritize urban areas based on creative city indicators. The statistical population of the study is the ten regions of Tabriz and their population. The research indicators include 10 criteria with 16 sub-criteria. The results of statistical tests showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between all components of the creative city and the level of creativity in the urban areas of Tabriz at the level of 0.000. The results of Pearson test showed that the two variables of creativity infrastructure and creative class with 0.587 and 0.557 had the highest level of significance with the realization of the creative city. The results of ANP model showed that the two criteria of creativity infrastructure and creative class are of higher importance with a score of 0.398 and 0.269, respectively. Districts 1 and 2 have better conditions due to the concentration of creative infrastructure and creative class such as professors, students, elites and doctors. As a result, some solutions such as the development of elite recruitment centers, maintaining the creative class, balanced investment in all areas in order to develop the city of Tabriz based on the indicators of the creative city are significant.

Today, one of the most important approaches in the optimal organization of space is the creation of a balanced spatial structure that plays a fundamental role in sustainable development. Optimal spatial structure requires balanced spatial distribution of population and activity in the environment. Optimal spatial structure requires a balanced spatial distribution of population in the environment. These two factors are the main pillars of the spatial structure and important role in creating or lack of proper organization of space. on the other hand, population distribution in space depends on the activity of distribution; as a result, the distribution of activity plays an essential role in the organization of space. The aim of this study was to examine the balance or imbalance of the spatial structure of Tehran metropolitan core based on performance. The research method is descriptive and analytical and of type its Causal-correlation. Information and data collection is a library. The data includes urban activities extracted from documentary sources. The number of indicators based activities was 25 cases. There are 25 activities which are included in 7 industrial, commercial, administrative, educational, recreational, cultural and therapeutic indexes. These seven factors are considered as the core functional metropolis. To investigate the functional core in Tehran metropolis is used Peter Hall Method used (the division activities on population in urban areas). To analyze the distribution of functional core activities and population in the metropolis of Tehran is using kernel density estimation method. To analyze the spatial patterns is used from the the mean center and standard deviation ellipses. To model spatial correlation Is used whit the geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results indicate that spatial patterns of functional core are a single pole. However, some components might have been bipolar. The positive changes have been made compared to the previous period. Spatial correlation results show that there is no link between the core functional and population distribution. Consequently, the location and position of the functional core of Tehran metropolitan area have a lot of problems and crisis

.Abstract An important part of resilience in urban systems is the concept of residual physical dimensions that systematically analyzes elements and physical structure. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the physical resilience of metropolitan areas of Karaj based on the electric model. The research method was descriptive-analytical. A part of the research data from the comprehensive and detailed design in the form of thirteen terms of the physical-spatial components were selected based on expert opinions and hierarchical techniques. The rest of the information was collected, evaluated and evaluated through library study, documentary and survey using questionnaire and interviewing tool. Data needed for research after extraction using SPSS software were ranked and analyzed by non-parametric statistical methods and electron microscopy. The results show that the total area of one, eight, seven and nine due to the relatively regular segmentation system and the standard width of the standard, the general quality of the existing structures is the most resilient to the physical and 11 and 12 regions and parts of the neighborhoods of Islamabad and Karaj Square due to the uneven distribution of open space and enclosure of public passages are the most desirable places in physical resonance. Keywords: Electric model, Environmental hazards, Resilience, Physical, Karaj metropolis

The rapid flow of urbanization in Iran has followed informal settlement in recent decades, and this growing phenomenon has overshadowed many social, economic, cultural, physical and environmental problems in most cities, especially Urban Peripheral metropolitan areas such as Tehran, Mashhad, Shiraz, etc. and heavily expanded and expanded to the extent that more than a quarter of the country's urban population lives in informal settlements, and it is safe to say that the informal housing zones in metropolitan areas are beyond the boundaries of the city and have been drawn into the rural areas Urban Peripheral of the metropolis. The aim of this study is an analysis of informal settlements in the Qian Abad village of Qarabagh district in the Central District city of Shiraz. This research, based on the purpose of the applied type and in terms of nature and method, is descriptive-analytic. For data collection, the combination of documentary and survey, and based on the population size of the village   Qian Abad (1389 households) and the sample using Cochran Formula 300 (householder) of villagers Questioning was made. After the completion of the questionnaires using the software SPSS statistical information was extracted and coded questionnaires were analyzed. The results showed that the most important factor in the formation of informal settlements in Qian Abad village of Shiraz is the migration factor (low income and cheap housing). Because of the views and ideas that have been posed, the planning of the destination needs optimal planning due to the settling of the immigrants in the village. Several solutions have been proposed to solve this problem in the land of destination, such as the development of infrastructure and public services, proper land and housing management, Capture security, supporting coverage, organizing informal sector and etc.

In thecontemporary globalized world, the new structure of space economy has created major changes in the dominant paradigm of socio-economic development of cities.So cities have accepted strong role in the national andtransnational arena. Following these changes in urban planning forms and development strategies, a new concept, "Competitiveness," was formed. In fact, nowadays, cities are dependent on competitiveness because the more a city has the potential to compete in the national and transnational arena, the better compatibility with the socio-economic crisis it will create. In Iran, the issue of the promotion of competitiveness has entered in to the literature of policy making of the country since the fourth development plan. However, according to the latest Global Competitiveness Report (2017), the rank of Iran has fallen and the presence of Tehran's metropolitan area in the field of competition, individually and without the benefit of the potential of the co-ordination and linking the competitive capabilities of other metropolitan areas.Therefore, the present study was an attempt toassess the capability of metropolises to enhance their position and aims to evaluate the Coopetition strategy between metropolitan areas of Tehran, Mashhad, Tabriz, Ahvaz and Zahedan with their urban area.The research method in this study was descriptive-analytic and using Delphi technique, "fuzzy hierarchy analysis", and "Vikor" ranking. Findings showed that the more the central mother-city is competitive, the capacity to cooperate with the urban area will be reducedand contrary.Finally, it has been suggested that reconsidering the current model of metropolitan competitiveness by forming a "Coopetition”,and paying attention to the "competitive advantages" and "local capacity" dependent on "location

Problem statement The rapid increase in urban dispersal has become a major concern in many countries. Because this rapid dispersion of harmful effects in the environment is worthless, so one of the most important issues facing urban development is its expansion. Aims Physical extension and inappropriate pattern of urban areas in the chain link with reciprocating interactions causes the natural lands of Ahwaz to be faced with a serious threat. In this regard, the present study seeks to investigate the physical development of the metropolitan city of Ahvaz during the period from 1360 to 1395, and then predict its extension in the 1400 horizons. Methodology The present research is applied in terms of the purpose of development and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology based on library studies and field studies. In order to analyze the data, the theoretical foundations and research literature, principles and criteria were first designed. Considering the different coefficient and the effect of each criteria and indicators in the expansion of the metropolitan area of Ahwaz, the ANP-DEMATIL combination method was used for determining the weights. Then, the principles and criteria are considered to be extracted and identified, which were processed using satellite imagery over 5 years using the software (ENVI).

The Present research is an attempt to realize the status of informal economic section in the sustainability of Tabriz megalopolis. The Tabriz megalopolis is a sample of urban development models which is wholly changed due to variation of urban planning in recent decades and involves porous and ill appearance. This investigation attempts to evaluate the economic roots of the problem based on urban sustainability views to provide a proper context for better realizing and judging them when they are applied in urban planning and development fields. This research which is of application – development kind, involves descriptive, analytic and case study methods and documentary -library and field techniques and is used in providing that. Data gathering tools, questionnaires, observation, interview, statistic documents of Iran statistics center, information acquired from analytic maps provided in GIS circumstance, documents existing in local city halls and Tabriz urban development all are employed in this research. The method of research is of descriptive- analytic model, so the quantitative models and techniques like test and V crammer and geographical information system GIS, ArcView and SPSS software have been used. For justifiable and stable inspection of this research, we have used formal – justifiable and contextual and questionnaire retest method, and its final factor amounted to 82 percent. The data of this research have been analyzed by the use of descriptive and inferential statistics methods and SPSS software.
The data of this research shows a great variety in the activities of informal section. Geographic distribution of these activities in the various areas of Tabriz city is not uniform. The most significant reason which causes the people to take part in this section is the fact that, they could not be employed in the formal economic section, and has not enough capital, proficiency and education (qualification). The most important occupational problems of this group are the inadequacy of capital and lack of fixed and appropriate place of activity. Most of the people occupied in informal economic section, do not pay tax. The rate of occupation in informal section among emigrant people is more than the other groups of people. There is a relationship among informal habitation and informal activity in informal section and urban sustainability. 1. Most of the businessmen in informal economic section of Tabriz megalopolis are men (72.3 percent) and married people (82.3 percent).
2. The activities of informal economic section in Tabriz megalopolis are very widespread and various, and most of them are clothes sellers (11.5 percent), fruit sellers (10.8 percent), building workers (8.5 percent) carpet knitters (5.4 percent).
3. The most important kinds of occupations in informal section of this city are:Salesmanship, domestic service giving people (in or out of house), scientific, educational, artistic services, transportation and agriculture.
4. The businessmen in informal section of Tabriz mostly have high slod (25.1 percent) and elementary school (25.1 percent) and unqualified people (19.7 percent).
5. Average age of these people is 42 and their average family personel is 4, which are in average limit.
6. Geographical distribution of informal economic section in Tabriz megalopolis is not uniform. The one and four areas of Tabriz city hall is the focous center of businessmen of informal economic section of Tabriz megalopolis.
7. Most of the people working in this section are rural – urban emigrants and their inhabitants are mostly in margines of Tabriz city.
8. The most important reason for the people to enter to this informal section is the fact that entering in formal economic section is impossible for them, and also the lack of enough capital and speciality and qualication.
9. The location of these businessmen are mostly Abrasan (5.9 percent) Seilab (4.6 percent), Maralan (4.6 percent) and Abbasi (4.4 percent) areas.
10. The most important occupational problems of this group is the inadequacy of capital, lack of speciality and qualification, and lack of fixed location for performing economic activities.
11. Most of the working people in this section (31.4 percent) have revenues between 400 to 600 thousands Tomans, which shows these people are below poverty line and are affected by intensive poverty.
12. The occupational variety in informal economic section in Tabriz megalopolis is more intensive for men than Women.
Importance and specific location of that (informal economic section) in urban economy is so intensive that could never be ignored.
The informal economic section have attracted numerous people of Tabriz magalopolis and plays an important role in the economy of that. Conventional approaches to urban development generally are of one-way model and are dependent on political conditions and economic purposes. Nevertheless, since the late decade of twentieth century this subject has taken systematic and multifacial condition to itself.
The Tabriz megalopolis is a sample of urban development models which is wholly changed due to variation of urban planning in recent decades and involves porous and ill appearance. This investigation attempts to evaluate the economic roots of this problem based on urban sustainability vews to provide a proper context for better realizing and judging them when they are applied in urban planning and development fields. This research which is of application – development kind, involves descriptive, navigative and case study methods and documentary -library and field techniqes and is used in providing that
Data gathering tools, questionaires, observation, interview, statistic documents of Iran statistics center, information acquired from analytic maps provided in GIS circumstance, documents existing in local city halls and Tabriz urband development all are employed in this research. The method of research is of descriptive- analytic model, so the quantitative models and techniques like test and V cramer and geographical information system GIS, Arcwiev and SPSS softwares have been used. The statistic sample people of this research involves the people working in informal economic section of Tabriz megalopolis and the volume of 390 samples (including 282 men and 108 women), and the sampling method is accidential. The present investigation data are analysed by the use of descriptive, inferential statistic methods and also by the use of SPSS software

With the growth and development of cities in the present era and also the extreme increase in urban issues, the continuation of these issues has caused jeopardized life in the cities. The theory of livability and sustainable development seeks to create a safe and healthy environment for human societies. Livability is a concept that integrates economic, social, environmental and physical dimensions. To prevent one-dimensionalility and reductivity of livability, a network of relationships should be considered among the various criteria. The goal of the present research is offering components of neighborhoods livability assessment based on world literature and using these components in determining the livability and ranking of Harandi, Kosar, and Takhte's neighborhoods.
The theoretical lens of this research is livability theory. Livability, as one of the major issues in urban sustainability, refers to urban systems where the socio-cultural, economic, physical and psychological health of all residents must be considered. In this paper, using the theory and related indicators, researchers evaluate and assess the livability of neighborhoods of Harandi, Kosar and Takhti in 12 district municipalities of Tehran. We have argued how much these neighborhoods have been livable with regard to being located in contiguity of the Grand Marketplace of Tehran.
The research methodology is descriptive-analytic with practical purposes. Indicators and components of research have been extracted using the existing literature. Through field surveys and questionnaires data were obtained from residents. Analysis of data was done by the Excel software. For evaluating and ranking the livability of neighborhoods, Electre model was used. For obtaining scores of indicators and components to evaluate livability of neighborhoods, we reviewed and analyzed the questionnaires. The components were obtained according to the average citizen's comments on the questionnaires. Qualitative characteristics of the rating "very low" to "very high" were allocated to them. Subsequently, using an interval bipolar scale the qualitative criteria were changed to quantitative criteria.
The results show that there are differences among the studied neighborhoods in terms of livability. In the final matrix Electre neighborhood Harandi had 0 points, Kosar 1 point and 2 points were allocated to Takhti neighborhood. According to the results, s Takhti neighborhood has the most compatibility with the principles and elements of livability. One significant reason for high livability of this neighborhood was low commercial uses and low storage-related services to the market. That is why this neighborhood has historical memory and identity for residents. Although many factors can contribute to the livability of neighborhoods of Tehran, in the little livability neighborhoods of the study, development of commercial-service applications and services on the market and the loss of a sense of belonging among citizens have the most negative impact. This effect is more visible and tangible in the neighborhood of Harandi. According to these results, neighborhoods of Takhti in aspect of livability components have higher level than other neighborhoods, and neighborhoods of Kosar and Harandi are placed after Takhti with regard to livability.
Kosar and harandi because of the dominance of commercial-service and warehousing functions for the market and the lack of a sense of belonging to the neighborhood have less livability than Takhti neighborhood. The negative impact of the trend market on the surrounding neighborhood due to its economic power becomes more and more powerful day by day. According to the analysis conducted on the three neighborhoods that are at the core of Tehran metropolis, there can be strategies to reduce negative impacts of the market on neighborhoods and steps to increase the livability of that, which has been emphasized in several instances: - Special planning for social life in the city;
- Increased participation of local people in the management and operation of neighborhoods;
- The empowerment of residents to improve their economic and social status;
- Spatial organization of business-services market and preventing the spread of uncontrolled and unbridled warehouses in the neighborhoods;
- Exploiting of the strong economic potential of the market in order to create appropriate jobs, infrastructure for residents of neighborhoods and increase the continuity of their residence;
- With regard to low participation among neighborhoods that were studied and specially the neighborhood of harandi, we can increase effective and more interaction among residents by creating appropriate and diverse places, and public spaces for increasing communications among residents. This creates greater participation and a sense of more responsibility towards problems among the residents of the neighborhoods.

City or polis, as a dynamic system, is continuously varying and changing. In some ages of history some events, as inflexion point, have caused sudden, immediate and unexpected transitions in form and spatial construction of cities. In the meantime, the land reform had the basic role in the immediate progression of cities, and caused unplanned migration of rural people to cities. This article evaluates the economic roots of this problem on the basis of urban sustainability views to provide a proper context for better realizing and judging when they are applied in urban planning fields. This research is of application – development kind, and its method of study is descriptive – analytic. The method applied here is also based on field operation (direct observation, filling various questionnaires) and the use of available documents. The statistic community of the research involves (n) hundred thousand people and according to the formula of Kokran, the estimated number of sample volume (N) was 390 people. The method of sampling is of accidental – bunching and multistage kind from ten areas of Tabriz. For ensuring the validity and reliability of the study of this research, the validity and contental and questionnaire reexamination method have been used, and its reliability coefficient obtained equal to 82 percent. The data of this research have been analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods and SPSS software. The data obtained from the research shows the lack of enough capital and appropriate education have caused the number of the occupied people in the informal economic section to be increased, and the migration of rural people to the city (Tabriz) has significant role in creation and development of this section of economy. The habitats of most of the people occupied in informal section of Tabriz city are in the marginal areas and poor districts of the city.

Urban growth pattern is one of the major issues which can contribute to sustainability and life of cities, and with all characteristics including form, function, physic and content, has been the endless concern of theorists, philosophers and idealists from at least the 5th century BC to the present day, and today, having knowledge about city spatial form can be one of the important factors affecting the success of urban planners and practitioners, and help urban environment improvement. Therefore, due to the importance of the subject, the present research is aimed to evaluate physical – spatial growth pattern of Tabriz and Istanbul metropolis using quantitative methods. The present research, in terms of nature and method, is descriptive -analytical and practical. So that, the required data were collected using survey, documentary and library studies and then physical – spatial growth form of Tabriz city (with 10 region) and Istanbul (With 39 region) was calculated using quantitative methods. To evaluate the city form, for method (metropolis size, density, gathering degree, balanced distribution) was used. The results of this research show that the present growth pattern of Tabriz city is fragmented and tends to random pattern in 1390 years. But the form of the Istanbul metropolis, shows tendency of focus growth pattern.

Abstract New cities as we experience, think, plan, planning, manufacturing, policy and human utopia against conflict cities of the late nineteenth century that without ability distribution and proper organization of population and its activities introduced. Escape of the problems This new approach without the Assessment and Evaluation the condition time, social, economical and space effective and special on The urban landscapes that occur in all cities raised quickly build. This article Objective This article evaluated the dynamics and mobility of these cities that mainly the type of satellite cities and to organize on population of major cities are designed. Data and information includes assessment of urban dynamics indicators such as population, residence, mobility, natural and historical attractions and their sub-branches following model is ELECTRE. According to the research objective that is evaluation and selection successful model, new towns Parand, Binaloud, Baharestan Sadra, Sahand are examined where influence regions in major cities and with regard to growth, prosperity and dynamism them positioning. Results indicated that among the cities studied the New Town Sadra according to matrix effectively coordinated and uncoordinated has better. Finally, with choose a dynamic model and SWOT analytical techniques characterized qualitative factors affecting the process and suit strategies to specific circumstances presented in each city.

Higher education centers as a part of the active urban areas, including the potential cultural capacities, and presenting services in high levels of urban society are considered the best urban cultural spaces of sustainable development of urban culture. These centers are considered as a specific, scientific, cultural and physical space in urban areas features and because are considered their specific functions can have various roles and functions in culture making and functional development of urban culture metropolitans. Therefore understanding the dimensions and nature of higher education centers as desirable urban spaces are very important in pattern making and creating suitable fields for transferring values of urban life and developing of urban culture.Urban Culture and Higher Education centers show concepts and points views in the research literature arisen from those theoretical areas that have this level of research. This article has been collected information through library and theoretical method and content analysis to answer questions raised and the introduction Higher education centers in order to promote Urban Culture and achieve Urban Culture Sustainable Development on Metropolis proposal based on an analytical model is provide.

Metropolitan housing development as an important economic sector not only affects level of macroeconomic activities directly in all countries but also macroeconomic development stimulates housing prices broadly. First, individual supply and demand in housing market is derived from utility and profit maximization and risk-return optimization. Then, equilibrium price and quantity is derived from intersection point of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Special characteristics of housing market such as non- tradability and location-dependence distinguish its structure from other markets.

The present study aimed at investigating the different applications of globalization including 1. Business centers such as stock exchange, foreign banks, central offices of banks responsible for foreign exchange transactions, and partnership companies, 2. Transportation infrastructure such as tourism and overseas air travelling companies, Internet companies, offices of telecommunication services, post head offices, and 3. shopping centers offering digital/electronic gadgets such as mobile phones, GPS's devices in terms of their variance as well as regarding CBD (Central Business District) and the population of Tehran.The results of the study showed that there was an inverse correlation between population density and location of globalization applications. The activities tend to be localized away from the central business district. Regarding the centralization of applications or place connectivity, most of these activities tend toward convergence than itself, and the whole activities tend toward convergence and centralization than others. This showed that there still exists a face to face and personal communication in the process of globalization of Tehran and its related activities. Accordingly, giving a model of standard distance for localization of these activities, the present study suggested the most available as well as the best distance for clients and those involved in these activities in this sector, excluding deviation in spatial distribution of these applications.

National power as a geopolitical concept, reflects the collective characteristics and traits of a nation, and at the same time shows the personal trait in relation to state and government. In other words, people forming a nation, create a political organization and by and through combination their potentials, a power which can be considered as the national power of a state or nation, exists. opulation is the most important element among other elements forming a state. In other words, a state must have population, otherwise it would not be considered as a state. Population as a matter is studied in sociology and human geography, but its political effect is studied in the political geography. Population and its characteristics are considered as effective factors in the development of a state and its national power. Some factors and inoneone a state and negative effects in other state, but according to the changes occurred in Tehran’s population throughout its history, there has been no research that shows certain qualitative and quantitative effects. The population in Tehran has grown without any planning as a spot on the geographical region, which has faced the country with big challenges.MethodologyThis research is a descriptive- analytical and the data collection done by using statistical resources (descriptive statistics) the results of population and housing census books, articles and research reports and statistical analysis used, where appropriate.Discussion and Results The population of Tehran in 1806 was only 0.4 percent of the population of Iran, whilst 200 years Later, in 2006, it constituted 11.3 percent of whole population of the country. Reviewing different historical periods by considering Tehran population with regard to those historical turning points, shows that from 1843 to 1931, the population of Tehran became 7 times larger, 75 years later i.e. from 1931 to 2006 its population became 37.9 times bigger. Therefore, the first thingwe should take into consideration that Tehran is a big population huband will remain so in the future. The rapid growth of population is largely due to immigration from all over Iran to Tehran that may cause different challenges in the city. Therefore, the main question of this study is how the population and its characteristics in Tehran affect the national power? In other words will the current population of Tehran face the country with big challenges at the national level? Does it have negative effects on various aspects of national power? Thus, the study evaluates the role of Tehran’s population on the national power according to some indicators, including quantitative and qualitative aspects of the population, such as geographic distribution of the population, migration, composition or structure of the population, homogeneity, or heterogeneity of the population and cultural- social values of the people.ConclusionCity is a social-spatial entity in which power and policy, as pivotal ingredients of the Politics, are interlinked. Cities, especially big cities, are considered geographical focal points for power and wealth. Due to continuous increase of population, Tehran has become one of the biggest metropolises in the world which according to its historical changes in population, there has been no recognized qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The population in Tehran has grown without any plan as a spot on the geographical region, which has faced the country with serious challenges. This metropolis due to its high political, cultural, social, economical and administrational importance plays such a role that influences every aspects of development in the national level. We have reviewed and analyzed different aspects of the population, after focusing on quantitative issues such as number of the population, and qualitative issues like social and cultural values, homogeneity or heterogeneity of the population, composition or structure of the population and geographic distribution of the population, concluded that Tehran, according to its current status of population plays a negative role in the national level. In other words, population of this metropolis reduces the national power instead of increasing it.